Create by Pagemanager

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Create by Pagemanager ~-----------~- - - -~------- - --------~------------ ,"-;()OMl EN'OWKIN INTERNATIONAL - SCHOOL OF WRITING The En'owkin International School of Writing assists First Nations students to find their voices as writers. Through GATHERINGS this process, we promote understanding of the complexity of First Nations peoples. The En' owkin Journal of Students work directly with a team of renowned First First North American Peoples Nation writers. The program explores the unique cultural environment of First Nations peoples as reflected in their literature. The courses develop skills in the use of metaphor VOLUME II such as the coyote, the horse and the owl. Student writers develop their skills in a stimulating atmosphere of encour­ agement and discovery. Admissions Criteria: TWO FACES: North American First Nations Ancestry. UNMASKING Eligible for university entrance, or have THE FACES completed one or more years of an under­ OFOUR graduate program. A submission of 10 - 15 pages of original written work at the time of application. DIVIDED Tuition: Tuition is $ 2,000.00 each year. Books and supplies are estimated at $400.00. NATIONS Oasses begin the first week of September. I ,______ - ---------' For full calendar and registration information contact: Admissions, En'owkin Centre, 257 Brunswick Street Penticton, B.C. V2A 5P9 Canada Telephone: (604) 493 - 7181 Theytus Books, Penticton, British Columbia Fax: (604) 493 - 5302 GATHERINGS: Table of Contents The En'owkin Journal of First North American Peoples Editorial - Greg Young-Ing .................................................................................................. 7 Volume II -1991 Guest Editorial - Joy Kogowa ................................................................. ---··.. ·· .... 9 Section A: MASKS Published annually by Theytus Books Ltd. for the En'owkin Centre International School of Writing How the West Was Lost: An Artist's Perspective - Gerald McMaster ................................................................................ Essay ..................... 13 Managing Editor: Greg Young-Ing Masks of Oka - Martin Dunn ............................................................. Article .................... 23 My Red Face Hurts - Duncan Mercredi ............................................ Poem ..................... 27 Associate Editors: David Gregoire, Jeannette Armstrong, Lee I Lose Track of the Land - Kater! Damm .......................................... Poem ..................... 29 Maracle, Geraldine Manossa, Connie Fife Mary Lou Cecile DeBassige My Secret Tongue and Ears - Kater! Damm ..................................... Poem ..................... 30 Stray Bullets - Kater! Damm .............................................................. Poem ..................... 32 Guest Editorial: JoyKogawa Journal - Joshua Mskeeyosh .............................................................. Story ...................... 33 Page Composition: Leona Lysons, En'owkin Centre Put On My Mask For A Change - Jeff Smith Marie Aimharte Baker ...................................................................... Poem ..................... 39 Storm Dancer-Wayne Keon .............................................................. Poem ..................... 40 Proofreading: Alice Rix, Lil Sheps House of Panthers - Joy Harjo ........................................................... Prose ...................... 41 Cover Design: Greg Young-Ing, Jeff Smith My Name is Lucy - Tracey Bonneau ................................................. Poem ..................... 42 Death Mummer - Jeannette C. Armstrong ........................................ Poem ..................... 43 The Native Experience - Columpa Bobb .......................................... Prose ...................... 45 Cover Art: Rose Spahan (Original painting entitled "May The Real Indian Please Stand Up") Scream the Ages of Pain Away-Columpa Bobb ............................. Prose ...................... 46 The Hungry Moon - Bruce Chester .................................................. Poem ..................... 47 A price list will be mailed upon request. Toll Free Number - Allen Delete ....................................................... Poem ..................... 48 Pock Marked People - Barb Fraser .................................................... Poem ..................... 49 Please inquire about our advertising rates and contributors' guidelines. Please send submissions and letters to 'Gatherings', c/o En'owkin Centre, 257 1)1idfthi~o~~~!fe:f~~lborth ....................................................... Poem ..................... 50 Brunswick Street, Penticton, B.C. V2A 5P9 Canada. All submissions must be accompanied by self-addressed stamped envelope (SASE). Manuscripts without Beyond Death - Ray Williams ............................................................ Poem ..................... 51 SASEs may not be returned. We will not consider previously published manu­ scripts or visual art. Desert Island - Geraldine Manossa ................................................... Poem ..................... 52 I Know Who Charlie Is - Geraldine Manossa ................................... Poem ..................... 53 Copyright remains with the artist and/ or author. No portion of this journal may be reproduced in any form whatsoever without written permission from the author Reservation Blues - Curtis "Shingoose" Johnie ................................ Song ....................... 55 and/or artist. Self-Government: A Parody- Norman LaRue ............... ___ Story ...................... 56 Typeset by Theytus Books Ltd. Printed and bound in Canada Strawberries - Drew Taylor ................................................................ Story ...................... 59 Let's Get Ready - Forrest A. Funmaker ............................................. Poem ..................... 64 Copyright © 1991 for the authors On The Line - Armand Gamet Ruffo ................................................ Poem ..................... 65 ISSN 1180-0666 8 o'clock Monday Morning - Armand Gamet Ruffo ....................... Poem ..................... 66 ISBN 0-919441-38-6 Walking Both Sides of an Invisible Border - Akak Timisowa - Floyd Favel ...................................................-- Prose ...................... 139 Alootook Ipellie ................................................................................ Poem ..................... 67 Healer - Amie Louie ........................................................................... Poem ...................... 141 Metis Woman - Colleen Fielder ......................................................... Poem ..................... 69 I Dreamed - Wenda Clearsky ............................................................. Poem ...................... 143 The Anglais, They Say - Beth Cuthand ............................................ Poem ..................... 70 Journey of a Native Child - Wenda Clearsky ................................... Poem ...................... 145 Testimonial - Mary Lou Cecile DeBassige ...........--- ............. Poem..................... 71 Untitled - Leona Lysons ...................................................................... Poem ...................... 149 Where Is Your Pride Red Man - Duane Marchand ......................... Prose..................... 73 Casually Speaking - Allen Delete ...................................................... Poem----150 Gladys Johnson (1930-1976) - Joyce B. Joe ....................................... Poem..................... 75 Mountains I Remember - Colleen Fielder ......................................... Poem ...................... 151 Poem of Twenty-nine Lines - Joyce B. Joe ........................................ Poem..................... 76 Expression - Greg Young-Ing ............................................................ Poem ..................... 77 Section C: CONFRONTATION This is Our Split - Ron Welburn ........................................................ Poem..................... 78 Indigenous Reality in the 21st Century - Martin Dunn ................... Article .................... 155 Masks/Ron Welburn .......................................................................... Poem ..................... 80 Inter-cultural Education - Candice Daychief ....................---Essay ...................-157 Section B: DISCOVERY What Old Man Magpie Said To Old Lady Crow - . Garry Gottfriedson ............................................................................ Article ... ---160 S!<)rros Bruce: First Voice of Contemporary Native Poetry- Suicide Kiss -Garry Gottfriedson ..................................................... Poem ...................... 162 Lee Maracle ........................................................................................ Essay ..................... 85 Professional Indian -Garry Gottfriedson ......................................... Poem ...................... 163 Lee Maracle: Setting Truth Ablaze - Kerrie Chamley ................................................................................. Book Review ........ 92 An Account of Tourist Terrorism - Marie Annharte Baker ............ Poem ...................... 165 Untitled - Sue Deranger ...................................................................... Poem ..................... 95 High-Tech Teepee Trauma Mama - Rebecca Belmore .................... Song ...........--166 In The Sky- Al Hunter ........................................................................ Poem ....................
Recommended publications
  • THESIS FINAL-With Ack-Nov 23
    UNCOMFORTABLE MIRRORS: RELIGION AND MIMETIC VIOLENCE IN CONTEMPORARY CANADIAN NATIVE LITERATURE by Ken Derry A thesis submitted in conformity with the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Graduate Department of the Centre for the Study of Religion University of Toronto © Copyright by Ken Derry, 2009 ABSTRACT “Uncomfortable Mirrors: Religion and Mimetic Violence in Contemporary Canadian Native Literature” Ph.D. Thesis, 2009 Ken Derry Centre for the Study of Religion University of Toronto This study considers religion and mimetic violence in the work of four contemporary Canadian Native writers: Maria Campbell, Beatrice Culleton, Thomas King, and Basil Johnston. The mimetic violence examined is both social (the colonial attempt to remake the colonized into a reflection of the dominant culture) and personal (inter-Native conflict in which participants mirror one another in their struggle for a mutually covetted object). In order to investigate the former, I rely on the work of Homi K. Bhabha on colonial mimicry and hybridity; to examine the latter, I employ René Girard’s model of mimetic desire and violence. The principal academic contexts to this work are the study of Native literature and the academic study of religion, including the sub-field of Religion and Literature. After reviewing the relevant literature in these fields, and examining mimetic violence in key texts by the Native authors listed, I make several concluding points. First, I argue that a causal link between colonial violence and inter-Native mimetic violence is evident in the category of Native literature labelled by Thomas King as “polemical.” This includes Campbell’s Halfbreed, Culleton’s In Search of April Raintree, and King’s own Green Grass, Running Water.
    [Show full text]
  • An Annotated Bibliography of Books, Dvds, and Internet Resources on LGBTQ/Two- Spirit Native Americans and First Nations People
    Page 1 of 20 An Annotated Bibliography of Books, DVDs, and Internet Resources on LGBTQ/Two- Spirit Native Americans and First Nations People Compiled by Peter Brunette. Approved by the GLBTRT Resources Committee. Last revised November 8, 2016. Table of Contents Introduction 2 I. General Nonfiction 4 II. Memoirs 8 III. Literary Anthologies 9 IV. Fiction 10 V. Poetry 11 VI. Drama 14 VII. Films 14 VIII. Internet Resources 16 Index 18 Page 2 of 20 Introduction This bibliography includes resources about gay men, lesbians, bisexuals, transgender persons, and two-spirit persons who identify as Native American in the United States and First Nations people in Canada. The books listed in this bibliography have all been published in print, but some may be available as e-books. The sections of this bibliography contain general nonfiction, memoirs, literary anthologies, novels and short story collections, plays, and films. A section on internet resources, including local two- spirit organizations in the United States and Canada, has also been included. Each book and film has a link to the OCLC WorldCat record where you can discover what libraries hold the item. We plan to update this resource in the future. If you have any suggestions or updates, please contact the GLBTRT Resources Committee. A note on terminology: Indigenous identities are deeply complex, and concepts of gender and sexual diversity have many names. Different tribes and communities have different terms and understandings--for example, winkte (Lakota) and nádleehé (Navajo)--that do not always translate into Eurowestern concepts of sexuality and gender. With these tribal- specific concepts in mind, this resource does not prescribe a universal umbrella term, but offers the inclusive acronym LGBTQ and the contemporary term two-spirit.
    [Show full text]
  • The Native American Literature Symposium
    the Native American Literature Symposium OUR LAND AND WATER Mystic Lake Hotel & Casino Prior Lake, Minnesota March 2-4, 2017 e Native American Literature Symposium is organized by an independent group of Indigenous scholars committed to making a place where Native voices can be heard. Since 2001, we have brought together some of the most in uential voices in Native America to share our stories— in art, prose, poetry, lm, religion, history, politics, music, philosophy, and science—from our worldview. Gwen N. Westerman, Director Minnesota State University, Mankato Virginia Carney, Tribal College Liaison President Emeritus, Leech Lake Tribal College Gordon Henry, Jr., Publications Editor Michigan State University LeAnne Howe, Arts Liaison University of Georgia Denise Cummings, Film Wrangler Rollins College eo Van Alst, Film Wrangler University of Montana Margaret Noodin, Awards University of Wisconsin, Milwaukee Niigaanwewidam James Sinclair, Maazinaate Book Blitz University of Manitoba Tyler Barton, Assistant to the Director Minnesota State University, Mankato Tria Wakpa Blue, Vendor/Press Coordinator University of California, Berkeley Angela Semple, Vendor/Press Assistant Trent University Prior Lake, Minnesota 1 Wopida, Miigwech, Mvto, Wado, Ahe’ee, Yakoke We thank the sponsors of the 2017 Symposium for their generous funding and continued support that made everything possible. Shakopee Mdewakanton Sioux Community (SMSC) Charlie Vig, Tribal Chairman Deborah Peterson, Donation Coordinator Mystic Lake Hotel and Casino De l Hall, Conference
    [Show full text]
  • This Two-Spirit Manual Was Created out of Resources That Have Already
    1 A JOURNEY OF HEALING: TWO-SPIRIT PEOPLES JOINING THE CIRCLE HOLISTIC WELLNESS AND RESOURCE MANUAL MARCH 2009 All Nations Hope AIDS Network - March 2009 2 ALL NATIONS HOPE AIDS NETWORK (ANHAN) A Journey of Healing: Two-Spirit Peoples Joining the Circle HOLISTIC WELLNESS AND RESOURCE MANUAL FOR TWO-SPIRIT INDIVIDUALS AND SERVICE PROVIDERS The Two-Spirit Project was financed by Non-Reserve First Nation, Inuit and Métis Communities HIV/AIDS Fund. The views expressed herein are those of the authors and not necessarily those of the funding agencies or the All Nations Hope AIDS Network. Content compiled by Wesley Keewatin, Two-Spirit Project Coordinator Edited by Bev Cardinal, Project Consultant Regina, Saskatchewan March 2009 All Nations Hope AIDS Network - March 2009 3 DISCLAIMER Many teachings introduced in the Two-Spirit Project manual were not defined by which First Nation group gave the specific teaching. Each teaching is only a reference and each individual is invited to find his/her own identity within his/her own First Nation group. The teachings vary from nation to nation although there are similarities. These teachings were introduced to show the significance of the teachings and how they may apply today. It is very important for the individual to find his/her own First Nation’s teachings because it is in the relevance of the teachings that connections are made with our ancestral memory. It is with this connection that the healing journey begins for many Aboriginal people. This manual also relies heavily on external sources and materials. Every effort has been made to accurately identify and credit the primary sources of this information.
    [Show full text]
  • 2018 Ivas Pamphlet
    the INDIGENOUS LITERARY STUDIES ASSOCIATION Presents the First Annual I N D I G E N O U S VOICES AWARDS GALA 29 May 2018 Oskana kâ-asastêki / Regina, SK Design and production: Rachel Taylor › racheltaylorpublishingservices.wordpress.com Indigenous Voices Awards Board Membership 2017-18: CO-CHAIR: Sam McKegney, ILSA Past President 2016-17 › [email protected] CO-CHAIR: Deanna Reder, ILSA Past President 2017-18 › [email protected] Daniel Heath Justice, ILSA Founding Member › [email protected] Sophie McCall, ILSA Secretary 2016-17 › [email protected] Jesse Archibald-Barber, ILSA President 2017-18 › [email protected] Michelle Coupal, ILSA President-Elect 2017-18 › [email protected] Sarah Henzi, ILSA Secretary 2017-19 › [email protected] Aubrey Hanson, ILSA Treasurer 2016-18 › [email protected] Svetlana Seibel, Early Career Member 2017-19 › [email protected] Jordan Abel, Graduate Representative 2017-18 › [email protected] Special thanks to Deborah Smith and Sarah Hedley for their office support. CONTENTS Welcome! 3 The Indigenous Voices Awards: Background 4 Thank You 5 Letter to an Emerging Indigenous Writer Daniel Heath Justice 6 2018 Jurors 11 2018 Finalists 13 On the Indigenous Voices Awards Sam McKegney 19 Indigenous Voices Inspire a New Association: ILSA Deanna Reder 20 Indigenous Literary Studies Association 21 Book Launches 23 An Invitation to Donate 24 Donors to the Emerging Indigenous Voices Fundraiser 25 WELCOME! e are thrilled to announce the finalists in this year’s competition, celebrating the very best in literary art by emerging Indigenous Wwriters. A jury of renowned Indigenous writers and prominent figures from the Canadian literary world has identified finalists in catego- ries for published and unpublished writing.
    [Show full text]
  • 153 Review Essay
    Transmotion Vol 4, No 2 (2018) Review Essay: Weaving the Present, Writing the Future: Benaway, Belcourt, and Whitehead's Queer Indigenous Imaginaries Billy-Ray Belcourt. This World Is a Wound. Frontenac House Poetry, 2017, 63 pp. ISBN: 978-1-927823-64-4. https://www.frontenachouse.com/dd-product/this-wound-is-a-world/ Gwen Benaway. Passage. Kegedonce Press, 2016, 120 pp. ISBN: 978-1-928120-08-7. https://kegedonce.com/bookstore/item/81-passage.html Joshua Whitehead. Full-Metal Indigiqueer. Talon Books, 2017, 119 pp. ISBN: 978-1-77201- 187-6. https://talonbooks.com/books/full-metal-indigiqueer Joshua Whitehead. Johnny Appleseed. Arsenal Pulp Press, 2018, 223 pp. ISBN: 978-1- 55152-725-3. http://www.arsenalpulp.com/bookinfo.php?index=479 In Ohlone-Coastanoan Esselen writer Deborah Miranda’s remarkable tribal memoir, Bad Indians, Two-Spirit ancestors ask: Who remembers us? Who pulls us, forgotten, from beneath melted adobe and groomed golf courses and asphalted freeways, asks for our help, rekindles the work of our lives? Who takes up the task of weaving soul to body, carrying the dead from one world to the next, who bears the two halves of spirit in the whole vessel of one body? Where have you been? Why have you waited so long? How did you ever find us, buried under words like joto, like joya, under whips and lies? And what do you call us now? Never mind, little ones. Never mind. You are here now, at last. Come close. Listen. We have so much work to do. (32) The writers I engage in this review, Billy-Ray Belcourt (Driftpile Cree), Gwen Benaway (Anishinabe/Métis), and Joshua Whitehead (Oji-Cree) are taking up this important work, listening, theorizing, creating, (re)membering, and, to use Miranda’s words, “weaving soul to body” while they travel, as queer, trans, and/or Two-Spirit people, through the twenty-first century.
    [Show full text]
  • Beverly Street the Downtown and Greater Winnipeg Area
    SEPT/OCT. 2006 VOL. 12, NO. 1 FREE Passionate about Tai Chi by Cal Wiebe ast September my friend Sean invited me to join him to L check out a Tai Chi class on Agnes Street. Tai Chi is a Chinese form of exercise consisting of very slow and deliberate movements. I had been to a few classes before and had always enjoyed them but had never stuck with the program very long. This year has been different. I think it is because of our instructor, Master Shao Lei. He has a passion for Tai Chi which he exudes in every class. He brings with him a detailed knowledge of the benefits of Tai Chi and an understanding of the philosophy behind the movements. He began studying martial arts in China at the age of 8. At 19 he was attracted to Tai Chi and since that time has been very disciplined in his training and practice of this art. He came to Canada a few years ago to teach Tai Chi, and to give people in the West an introduction to an authentic style of Tai Chi as it is practiced in China. One of the first things I noticed about the class was how slowly we went through each of the moves, to learn them. The goal was not to get through the series of movements quickly so Usman Mohammed (left), Samir Hassan and a friend at the Winnipeg Central Mosque. that we could say we had mastered a certain form. Instead, the goal seemed to be to understand why we moved in a certain way both from a health Strengthening our Spiritual Fabric perspective and from a martial Tai Chi is a good by Omar Siddiqui fourth generation Canadian Muslims.
    [Show full text]
  • Queer Canlit: CANADIAN LESBIAN, GAY, BISEXUAL, and TRANSGENDER ( LGBT ) LITERATURE in ENGLISH
    Photo: Robert Giard, 1994. Copyright: Estate of Robert Giard This exhibition is dedicated to Jane Rule (1931 –2007). Queer CanLit: CANADIAN LESBIAN, GAY, BISEXUAL, AND TRANSGENDER ( LGBT ) LITERATURE IN ENGLISH An Exhibition Curated by Scott Rayter, Donald W. McLeod, and Maureen FitzGerald Thomas Fisher Rare Book Library Mark S. Bonham Centre for Sexual Diversity Studies University of Toronto 9 June – 29 August 2008 isbn 978-0-7727-6065-4 Catalogue and exhibition by Scott Rayter, Donald W. McLeod, and Maureen FitzGerald General editor P.J. Carefoote Exhibition installed by Linda Joy Digital photography by Bogda Mickiewicz and Paul Armstrong Catalogue designed by Stan Bevington Catalogue printed by Coach House Press, Toronto library and archives canada cataloguing in publication Rayter, Scott, 1970 –* Queer CanLit : Canadian lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) literature in English : an exhibition / by Scott Rayter, Donald W. McLeod, and Maureen FitzGerald. “Thomas Fisher Rare Book Library, University of Toronto, 9 June –29 August 2008.” Includes bibliographical references. isbn 978-0-7727-6065-4 1. Gays’ writings, Canadian (English) –Exhibitions. 2. Bisexuals’ writings, Canadian (English) –Exhibitions. 3. Transgender people’s writings, Canadian (English) –Exhibitions. 4. Canadian literature (English) –20th century –Bibliography –Exhibitions. I. McLeod, Donald W. (Donald Wilfred), 1957 – II. FitzGerald, Maureen, 1942 – III. Thomas Fisher Rare Book Library IV. Title. PS8089.5.G38R39 2008 016.8108'092066 C2008-901963-6 Contents
    [Show full text]
  • Rebel Mountain Press Fall 2021
    REBEL MOUNTAIN PRESS Contact Us: FALL 2021 2784 Seablush Drive Nanoose Bay, BC V9P 9E4 p:250.821.1977 www.rebelmountainpress.com @rebelmountain1 /rebelmountainpress For General and Publicity Inquiries: [email protected] Founded in 2015, Rebel Mountain Press is a small, independently owned Canadian book publisher. Our goal is to give a voice to Canadian authors who might not otherwise be heard, such as those from the LGBTQ2IA+ community, authors of Aboriginal descent, BIPOC, and those from other marginalized groups. Our aim is to create insightful books that promote human and animal rights, social awareness, global activism, tolerance, female empowerment, and positive change. Our books have been nominated for several awards: the 2021 Silver Birch Express, the 2021 Rocky Mountain Book Awards, the 2019 George Ryga Award, and a winner of the 2020 Indigenous Voices Award. We strive to publish books that illuminate the experiences of Canadians of all ages, abilities, ethnicities, genders, and sexual orientations, giving readers the perspective “Creating insightful to empathize with and understand others from diverse backgrounds and cultures. Rebel Mountain highlights new and emerging Canadian authors, as well as more books that promote established Canadian writers such as Robin Stevenson, Joanne Arnott, Connie Fife, Joe Starr, and Michelle Sylliboy. Our office is located in Nanoose Bay, British greater social awareness Columbia, Canada. We acknowledge that we are located on the traditional territory of the Snaw-Naw-As First Nation, and we thank them for the use of this beautiful land. Rebel Mountain Press wishes to acknowledge and thank the British Columbia and tolerance.” Arts Council for their support of its publishing program .
    [Show full text]
  • An Ethnological Approach to Sister Nations' Verse: New Insights Into
    Revista Alicantina de Estudios Ingleses 21 (2008): 103-129 An Ethnological Approach to Sister Nations’ Verse: New Insights into Native American De-colonial Discourse Carmen Sancho Guinda Universidad Politécnica de Madrid [email protected] ABSTRACT With an integrative approach combining critical discourse analysis, Gricean pragmatics and cognitive linguistics, this paper seeks to provide new insights into Native American women’s verse as a lingua franca for the dissemination of social discourses at the intra and intercultural levels. To this end, it starts from the ethnographic notions of speech and discourse communities, applies them to the recently coined concept of Sister Nations, and goes on to explore their poetic production as a multidimensional anthropological practice performing cognitive, mediating and dialogical functions. Sister Nations’ poems not only call into question the traditional definitions of genre and interpretative communities or serve as vehicles for the expression of a dual discourse of reconciliation and resistance, but also evidence the importance of figurative language in the interpretation of cultures and act as ceremonial dialogues between societies in conflict. 1. Framework, aims and object of study: Sister Nations as discourse and speech community In the eyes of linguistic anthropology, also known as anthropological linguistics, ethnolinguistics and ethnography of communication (Hymes, 1972), certain socio- cultural groups can be looked at as speech or linguistic communities that, according to different currents of thought1, may share specific worldviews, moral values, rules, attitudes and experiences, as well as code variants and even concrete genres with which 104 Revista Alicantina de Estudios Ingleses to materialize all the former in distinctive discourses, with a semiotics of their own and in permanent dialogue with other collectivities.
    [Show full text]
  • Native People of Western Canada Contents
    Native People of Western Canada Contents 1 The Ojibwa 1 1.1 Ojibwe ................................................. 1 1.1.1 Name ............................................. 1 1.1.2 Language ........................................... 2 1.1.3 History ............................................ 2 1.1.4 Culture ............................................ 4 1.1.5 Bands ............................................. 7 1.1.6 Ojibwe people ......................................... 9 1.1.7 Ojibwe treaties ........................................ 11 1.1.8 Gallery ............................................ 11 1.1.9 See also ............................................ 11 1.1.10 References .......................................... 11 1.1.11 Further reading ........................................ 12 1.1.12 External links ......................................... 13 2 The Cree 14 2.1 Cree .................................................. 14 2.1.1 Sub-groups .......................................... 14 2.1.2 Political organization ..................................... 15 2.1.3 Name ............................................. 15 2.1.4 Language ........................................... 15 2.1.5 Identity and ethnicity ..................................... 16 2.1.6 First Nation communities ................................... 17 2.1.7 Ethnobotany ......................................... 17 2.1.8 Notable leaders ........................................ 17 2.1.9 Other notable people ..................................... 20 2.1.10 See also ...........................................
    [Show full text]
  • Download Download
    Anjudas T.V. Open Scholar India [email protected] Navya Raveendran Guest Lecturer KMM Govt. Women’s College India [email protected] Search for Self: An Analysis of Modern Canadian Poetry Abstract Canada’s identity has always been a question either with multiple answers or without any. Canada is known for its mosaic existence that is Canada as a multi-cultural landscape and symbolizes a national ideology of inclusion and diversity. That is to say, Canada as a melting pot is made of English, French, Native, Irish, Scottish, Germans, and Ukrainian, etc. ethno-cultural communities. For the first time Canada was represented in the writings of visitors, explorers, travelers, and British officers and their wives, which reflected their impressions on Canada, thus it failed to address the true self of Canada. It was modern poets who attempted to search and establish Canadian self. They had to struggle to locate the self of Canada as there were no historical records on Canada’s culture IJELLH (International Journal of English Language, Literature in Humanities) Vol. 7, Issue 9, September 2019 120 and tradition except some minute details on the indigenous people in Canada who were categorized into three: Inuit, Metis and First Nations, because, while welcoming various cultures Canada let its own identity to fade away. It made difficult for the poets to locate their roots. Modern Canadian poetry is characterized with the search for an authentic self, crave for noble culture and heritage that they believe to be lost in the past and a space in the world as their own.
    [Show full text]