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Energy Efficiency Survey Aboard USS Princeton CG-59

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Energy Efficiency Survey Aboard USS Princeton CG-59 Energy Efficiency Survey Aboard USS Princeton CG-59 Based on surveys aboard during 11–15 December 2000 and 29 January–2 February 2001 Amory B. Lovins, CEO (Research), Project Director ([email protected]) Chris Lotspeich, Senior Associate, Survey Team Leader ([email protected]) Ron Perkins, Jim Rogers, P.E., and Edwin Orrett, P.E., Consulting Engineers Rocky Mountain Institute, 1739 Snowmass Creek Road, Snowmass CO 81654-9199 970.927.3851, fax 970.927.4178, www.rmi.org; PictureTel videoconferencing available 30 June 2001 Sponsored by the Office of Naval Research under Grant #N00014-01-1-0252 Copyright © 2001 Rocky Mountain Institute. All rights reserved. Unclassified. Unlimited reproduction permitted to the U.S. DOD, Navy, and Office of Naval Research. All views expressed are those of the authors, not of any U.S. Government organization. Printed on 100% recycled paper (90% post-consumer waste, 10% hemp, processed chlorine free) Rocky Mountain Institute Energy Efficiency Survey Aboard USS Princeton CG-59 1 © RMI 2001 www.rmi.org 30 June 2001 unclassified FORM 298 DOCUMENTATION PAGE AND ONE-PAGE ABSTRACT ..............i–ii DISTRIBUTION LIST .....................................................................................................4 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY...............................................................................................5 INTRODUCTION.............................................................................................................7 PROJECT BACKGROUND AND RMI WORK WITH DOD..............................................................................7 PROJECT APPROACH AND OBJECTIVES ......................................................................................................8 PROJECT PROPOSAL AND EXECUTION........................................................................................................9 NAVAL CONSIDERATIONS ...........................................................................................................................9 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS .............................................................................................................................14 HOW TO READ THIS REPORT.....................................................................................................................14 OVERVIEW OF CG-59 ELECTRICITY USE............................................................16 CG-59 ENERGY SAVING RECOMMENDATIONS .................................................18 VALUE OF SAVED ELECTRICITY ONBOARD..............................................................................18 COST-BENEFIT ANALYSIS CONSIDERATIONS...........................................................................20 Use empirical, not estimated or theoretical, costs...............................................................................20 Optimize for lifecycle cost, not first cost. ............................................................................................20 Optimize whole-system cost, not component cost. ..............................................................................20 FIRST THINGS FIRST: END-USE EFFICIENCY AND LOAD MANAGEMENT.......................22 Specify premium-efficiency equipment...............................................................................................22 Use measured, not rated or estimated, efficiencies.............................................................................22 Turn off unnecessary equipment.........................................................................................................22 Minimize parasitic loads......................................................................................................................22 “Rightsize”—match equipment and output to loads served...............................................................23 Optimize for efficiency over integrated load, not for any specific load. ............................................23 LOW-COST AND NO-COST RECOMMENDATIONS ....................................................................24 Turn off unneeded equipment.............................................................................................................24 Increase chiller lift and reduce CHW flow rate..................................................................................25 Optimize SW cooling flow rate. ...........................................................................................................25 Reset CHW temperature to 1 F˚ below the highest zone temperature...............................................25 POTENTIAL RETROFIT OPPORTUNITIES....................................................................................26 Improve motor, pump, and fan efficiency comprehensively. .............................................................26 Use Variable-Speed Drives (VSDs) on variable loads........................................................................27 Improve duct and pipe pressure drops and entering/leaving conditions. ..........................................28 Improve power factor...........................................................................................................................30 Improve electrical power generation efficiency..................................................................................32 Improve propulsion power efficiency..................................................................................................44 Improve pumping efficiency................................................................................................................50 Improve fan efficiency. ........................................................................................................................54 IMPROVE SPACE COOLING SYSTEMS EQUIPMENT AND OPERATIONS......................................................56 Thermal integration: (re)use waste heat.............................................................................................62 Improve energy efficiency of potable water production, heating, and use........................................63 Improve lighting efficiency and quality. .............................................................................................71 Improve air compressor efficiency. .....................................................................................................75 Upgrade monitoring and controls. ......................................................................................................76 POTENTIAL NEW SHIP DESIGN OPPORTUNITIES............................................79 Rocky Mountain Institute Energy Efficiency Survey Aboard USS Princeton CG-59 2 © RMI 2001 www.rmi.org 30 June 2001 unclassified RECOMMENDATIONS ................................................................................................81 APPENDIX A: CHILLER MEASUREMENT SURVEY REPORT..........................83 APPENDIX B: ELECTRICITY USE OF LARGE PUMPS AND FANS..................86 APPENDIX C: NAVSEA CG-47 FUEL CONSUMPTION CURVES.......................88 APPENDIX D: RESOURCE-EFFICIENT DESIGN PRINCIPLES AND RMI CONCEPTUAL APPROACH .......................................................................................90 APPENDIX E: MULTIPLE BENEFITS IN MOTOR SYSTEMS ............................95 APPENDIX F: MULTIPLE BENEFITS IN FLUORESCENT LIGHTING SYSTEMS ......................................................................................................................100 APPENDIX G: OPTIMAL SEQUENCE FOR LIGHTING IMPROVEMENTS .104 APPENDIX H: OPTIMAL SEQUENCE FOR COOLING IMPROVEMENTS ..106 APPENDIX I: SENSORS, METRICS, MONITORING, AND CONTROL SYSTEMS ......................................................................................................................109 APPENDIX J: POWER FACTOR AND PHASE UNBALANCE............................112 APPENDIX K: NAVSEA ENCON ENERGY SURVEY CHECKLIST..................116 APPENDIX L: TEAM BIOGRAPHIES AND RMI QUALIFICATIONS.............119 APPENDIX M: INFORMATION SOURCES AND BIBLIOGRAPHY .................124 APPENDIX N: GLOSSARY OF TERMS, ACRONYMS, AND ABBREVIATIONS .......................................................................................................126 Rocky Mountain Institute Energy Efficiency Survey Aboard USS Princeton CG-59 3 © RMI 2001 www.rmi.org 30 June 2001 unclassified DISTRIBUTION LIST USS Princeton CG-59 Skipper XO CHENG USN Hon. Gordon R. England, SECNAV ADM Vern Clark, CNO ADM William Fallon, VCNO VADM Denny McGinn, Deputy CNO (N7) Dr. Alan Roberts, Office of the CNO RADM Kevin Cosgriff, Director OPA VADM Ed Moore, COMNAVSURFPAC VADM Mike Bucchi, COMTHIRDFLT VADM Arthur K. Cebrowski, President, NWC ADM (Ret.) Jim Hogg, Director SSG/NWC Dr. Mike Stumborg, SSG/NWC RADM Michael Johnson, COMNAVFAC LCDR Eric Rasmussen, MC ONR RADM Jay M. Cohen, Director Scott Littlefield, Deputy Director, Naval Ship Office Judith Distler, ONR 33, Arlington, VA David Paul, ONR N63374, Seattle, WA Naval Research Laboratory 5227, Washington, DC NAVSEA VADM Pete Nanos, COMNAVSEA RADM Charlie Hamilton, Dep. PEO(S) A. Bigley, D. DiClementi, M. Hanak, H. Pehlivan, F. Showalter, W. Stoffel, J. Varley, NSWCCD Rusty Cook, CHET DOD/DSB Andy Marshall, DNAOSD Gueta Mezzetti, Office of Chairman JCS Defense Technical Information Center, Fort Belvoir, VA Dr. Craig Fields, ex-Chairman, DSB VADM (Ret) Richard Truly, Director, NREL; ex-Co-Chairman, DSB Panel Tom Morehouse, Institute for Defense Analyses, ex-staff, DSB Panel OTHER
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