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WEATHERGRAPH Observation and Plotting

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WEATHERGRAPH Observation and Plotting HIGH CLOUD — cirrus CONVERSIONS MIDDLE CLOUD — altocumulus TOTAL SKY COVER — 6/8 WIND DIRECTION — from NE MPH = knots x 1.15 TEMPERATURE — 80°F WIND SPEED — 25 mph WEATHERGRAPHEastern : subtract 5 (4 for daylight saving) Observation and Plotting ObservationCOLD FRONT and PlottingOCCLUDED FRONT m/s x 2.2356 WEATHER — Heavy rain PRESSURE — 1012.3 mb Central: subtract 6 (5 for daylight saving) Knots = MPH x 0.8696 TIME ZONES VISIBILITY — 1 statute mile 80 PRESSURE CHANGE — 0.7 mb This chart shows how to convert a Mountain: subtract 7 (6 for daylight saving) COLD FRONTOGENESIS STATIONARY FRONT m/s x 1.944 123 Pacific: subtract 8 (7 for daylight saving) DEWPOINT — 63°F PRESSURE CHANGE — falling then rising UTC hour to a local hour. COLD FRONTOLYSIS TROUGH m/s = knots x 0.5144 1 MPH x 0.4473 7 PAST WEATHER — showers RIDGE Deg F = ( Deg C x 1.8 ) + 32 PRECIP TIME — 3-4 hours ago WARM FRONT 63 3 4 FUJITA SCALE ( ( Deg K - 273.16 ) x 1.8 ) + 32 LOW CLOUD — stratus 6-HR PRECIP — 0.12 inches HAILSTONE SIZES A scale of tornado damage. DRYLINE WARM FRONTOGENESIS Deg C = ( Deg F - 32 ) x 0.555 LOW CLOUD COVER — 3/8 2 .12 Freefall Freefall Deg K - 273.16 F0: 40-72 mph. Twigs and HIGH PRESSURE LOW PRESSURE LOW CLOUD HEIGHT — 300-599 ft Size Equivalent Velocity Energy WARM FRONTOLYSIS Deg K = Deg C + 273.16 branches snap off trees. Some CENTER CENTER 1/4 Pea 25 mph 0.02 ft-lbs ( ( Deg F - 32 ) x 0.555 ) + 273.16 windows break. 1/2 Marble 35 mph 0.09 ft-lbs H L mb = inches x 33.8636 3/4 Dime 43 mph 0.44 ft-lbs F1: 73-112 mph. Pushes moving The numbers pertain to code representations inches = mb x 0.029530233 SURFACE STATION PLOT 1 Quarter 50 mph 1.43 ft-lbs cars off road. Flips mobile homes. used in transmitted reports, and the 1 1/4 Half Dollar 56 mph 3.53 ft-lbs F2: 113-157 mph. Uproots large MISCELLANEOUS SYMBOLS pictograms are used as part of a station plot. Numbers indicate the weather code as used in synoptic weather trees and rips roofs off frame N Total sky cover W Past weather C Low cloud reports (ww, present weather reported from a manned weather 1 1/2 Walnut 61 mph 7.35 ft-lbs a Pressure trend L CM Middle cloud CH High cloud 1 3/4 Golfball 66 mph 13.56 ft-lbs houses. WEATHER SYMBOLS station, as defined in WMO Pub. No. 306-A). 2 Hen Egg 72 mph 23.71 ft-lbs F3: 158-206 mph. Severe damage. 2 1/2 Tennis Ball 80 mph 57.48 ft-lbs Cars lifted and thrown. Trains 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 2 3/4 Baseball 85 mph 85.95 ft-lbs overturned. F4: 207-260 mph. Levels well-built Cloud covering half or Cloud development not Clouds generally Clouds generally forming Dust suspended in the Duststorm or sandstorm 3 Tea Cup 89 mph 122.66 ft-lbs No clouds. Rising then falling. less of sky throughout No low clouds. No middle clouds. No high clouds. observed/observable dissolving during past State of sky unchanged or developing during past Visibility reduced by Haze. air, but not raised by Dust or sand raised by Dust devils now or within not at station but within 4 Grapefruit 106 mph 413.31 ft-lbs homes. period. during past hour. hour. during past hour. hour. smoke. wind. wind. past hour. sight. 4 1/2 Softball 117 mph 724.85 ft-lbs F5: 261-318 mph. Incredible damage. Foundations swept clean. 1 1 M1 H1 1 Cloud covering both L1 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 BEAUFORT WIND SCALE Rising, then steady; or more than half and less CUMULUS, with little ALTOSTRATUS, CIRRUS, in the form of Patches of shallow fog at Continuous shallow fog Precipitation visible but Precipitation reaching the Precipitation reaching the Thunder heard but no Tornado, waterspout, or 1/8, or 1 tenth cloud rising, then rising more than half of sky during vertical development and semitransparent, thin filaments or hooks, not Mist. station, not deeper than 2 at station, not deeper Lightning visible, but no not reaching ground at ground not at or near the ground not at the station precipitation at the Wind squall now or funnel cloud observed No Mph Kts Description cover. slowly. period. seemingly flattened. enough to see sun/moon. invading the sky. m (10 m at sea). than 2 m (10 m at sea). thunder heard. station. station but at a distance. but nearby. station. during the past hour. now or during past hour. 0 0-1 0-1 Smoke rises vertically 1 1-3 1-3 Wind moves smoke but not wind vanes 2 4-7 4-6 Wind felt on face; leaves rustle; wind vane moved 2 2 2 L2 M2 H2 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 3 8-12 7-10 Leaves and small twigs in constant motion; wind extends Cloud covering more CUMULUS, of ALTOSTRATUS or CIRRUS, dense, and in Recent drizzle (not Recent rain (not freezing, Recent snow (not Recent rain and snow Freezing drizzle or rain Thunderstorm, with or light flag 2/8, or 2 to 3 tenths cloud Rising, steadily or than half of sky considerable size. NIMBOSTRATUS. The patches/twisted sheaves, freezing, not showers) not showers) during past showers) during past (not showers) during past (not showers), not now Rain showers, not now Snow showers, not now Hail or hail and rain, not Fog, not now but during without precipitation, not 4 13-18 11-16 Dust and loose paper raised; small branches moved cover. unsteadily. throughout period. Towering cumulus. sun/moon can’t be seen. not invading sky. during past hour. hour. hour. hour. but during past hour. but during past hour. but during past hour. now but during past hour. past hour. now but during past hour. 5 19-24 17-21 Small trees with leaves begin to sway 6 25-31 22-27 Large branches in motion; whistling in telephone wires 7 32-38 28-33 Whole trees in motion; resistance felt walking against wind 8 39-46 34-40 Twigs broken off trees; wind generally impedes progress 3 3 3 L3 M3 H3 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 9 47-54 41-47 Slight structural damage occurs (chimney pots and slate Falling or steady, then Sandstorm, or duststorm, CUMULONIMBUS, tops ALTOCUMULUS, at CIRRUS, often anvil- Slight/moderate Slight/moderate Slight/moderate Severe duststorm or Severe duststorm or Duststorm or sandstorm, removed) 3/8, or 4 tenths cloud rising; or rising then rising or drifting or blowing are not fibrous, cirriform, single level, and shaped and associated duststorm or sandstorm, duststorm or sandstorm, duststorm or sandstorm, sandstorm, which has sandstorm, no change severe, has increased Drifting snow, slight or Drifting snow, heavy. Blowing snow, slight or Blowing snow, heavy. 10 55-63 48-55 Trees uprooted cover. more rapidly. snow. or anvil-shaped. semitransparent. with cumulonimbus. decreased during hour. no change during hour. increased during hour. decreased during hour. during past hour. during past hour. moderate. moderate. KLEXMETAR 162354Z OBSERVATION 20004KT 1 1/2SM FORMAT -RA BR FEW004 BKN030 4 4 4 L4 M4 H4 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 OVC050 22/21 A3006 RMK AO2 RAE05B34 SLP173 P0002 STRATOCUMULUS, ALTOCUMULUS, in CIRRUS, in the form of Fog at a distance but not Fog, sky discernable, Fog, sky not discernable, Fog, sky visible, has Fog, sky not visible, has Fog or thick haze. 60007 70112 T02221011 51006= 4/8, or 5 tenths cloud Steady. formed by the spreading patches, continuously hooks or filaments, at station during past Patchy fog. and has become thinner and has become thinner Fog, sky discernable, no Fog, sky not visible, no begun or become thicker begun or become thicker Freezing fog, sky visible. Freezing fog, sky not cover. out of cumulus. changing. invading the sky. hour. during past hour. during past hour. change during past hour. change during past hour. during past hour. during past hour. visible. KLEX, Lexington, Kentucky; 16th day of month; 2354 UTC; wind from 200 deg at 04 knots; visibility 1 1/2 statute mile in light rain and fog; few clouds at 400 ft; broken layer at 3000 ft; overcast layer at 5000 ft; temperature 22 deg C; dewpoint 21 deg C; altimeter 5 5 5 L5 M5 H5 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 setting (pressure) 30.06 inches; A02 (automated station, type 2 which reports precip); STRATOCUMULUS, not ALTOCUMULUS, CIRRUS or CIRRO- rain ended at 05 minutes past hour and began at 34 minutes past hour; sea level 5/8, or 6 tenths cloud Falling, then rising. Drizzle. formed by the spreading invading sky and usually STRATUS, invading sky, Drizzle, light, intermittent, Drizzle, light, continous, Drizzle, moderate, Drizzle, moderate, Drizzle, heavy, Drizzle, heavy, continous, Freezing drizzle, light. Freezing drizzle, Drizzle and rain mixed, Drizzle and rain mixed, cover. out of cumulus. thickening. bulk not 45° above horizon. not freezing. not freezing. intermittent, not freezing. continuous, not freezing. intermittent, not freezing. not freezing. moderate or heavy. light. moderate or heavy. pressure 1017.3 mb; 0.02 of precip in past hour; 0.07 of precip in past 6 hours; 1.12 in past 12 hours; exact temp 22.2 deg C; exact dewpoint -1.1 deg C; pressure rising by 0.06 mb.
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