DOCSLIB.ORG

London School of Economics and Political Science

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
London School of Economics and Political Science London School of Economics and Political Science Internecine Discord: Party, Religion, and History in Hanoverian Britain, c. 1714-65 Max Skjönsberg A thesis submitted to the Department of International History of the London School of Economics for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, London, January 2018. 1 Declaration I certify that the thesis I have presented for examination for the PhD degree of the London School of Economics and Political Science is solely my own work other than where I have clearly indicated that it is the work of others (in which case the extent of any work carried out jointly by me and any other person is clearly identified in it). The copyright of this thesis rests with the author. Quotation from it is permitted, provided that full acknowledgement is made. This thesis may not be reproduced without my prior written consent. I warrant that this authorisation does not, to the best of my belief, infringe the rights of any third party. I declare that my thesis consists of 99,997 words. 2 Abstract This thesis is a study of the place of ‘party’ and different ways of understanding this phenomenon in eighteenth-century British political discourse, especially between 1714 and 1765. Party is one of the most basic concepts of politics. If we are looking for party in any form, the idea of partisan division may be at least as old as the earliest societies where there was competition for office. But what did ‘party’ mean in the eighteenth century? While ancient factions usually denoted interest groups representing different orders in the state, party in the eighteenth century had a range of meanings, some general and others more specific. Broadly speaking, it could either mean a parliamentary constellation vying for power, or carry the more sinister connotation of civil war-like division, with roots in the Reformation and its aftermath. In spite of the fact that the emphasis was on principles and beliefs rather than organisation in both cases, modern historians have tended to focus on the latter. The party debate was considered by political writers at the time to be profoundly important, and political life in the period simply cannot be understood without reference to party. Although ‘party spirit’ waxed and waned, ‘party’ was consistently a key word in political debate. By concentrating on the writings of Rapin, Bolingbroke, David Hume, John Brown, and Edmund Burke, in the context of political developments, this thesis presents the first sustained examination of the idea of party in eighteenth-century Britain. It demonstrates that attitudes towards party were more diverse, penetrating and balanced than previous research has managed to capture. 3 Table of contents Table of contents ............................................................................................................... 4 Abbreviations .................................................................................................................... 5 Notes on the text................................................................................................................ 8 Acknowledgements ........................................................................................................... 9 Introduction ..................................................................................................................... 11 Chapter 1: Paul de Rapin Thoyras and the Origins of Party Division in Britain ........... 32 Chapter 2: Bolingbroke’s Country Party Opposition Platform ...................................... 71 Chapter 3: David Hume’s Early Essays on Parties and Party Politics ......................... 106 Chapter 4: Hume on the Parties’ Speculative Systems of Thought ............................. 136 Chapter 5: Hume and the History of Party in England ................................................ 160 Chapter 6: Political Transformations during the Seven Years’ War ............................ 188 Chapter 7: John Brown on Free Government without Faction .................................... 200 Conclusion: The ‘Short’ Eighteenth Century ............................................................... 224 Bibliography .................................................................................................................. 234 4 Abbreviations Add: Additional. Anecdotes: William King, Political and Literary Anecdotes of His Own Times (London, 1818). BL: British Library, London. Bodleian: Bodleian Library, Oxford. Commons, 1690-1715: The History of Parliament: The House of Commons 1690- 1715, ed. Eveline Cruickshanks, Stuart Handley, David Hayton (5 vols., Cambridge, 2002). Commons, 1715-54: History of Parliament: The House of Commons, 1715-54, ed. Romney Sedgwick (2 vols., London, 1970). Contributions: Bolingbroke, Contributions to the Craftsman, ed. Simon Varey (Oxford, 1982). Dissertation: Rapin, Dissertation sur l’orgine du government d’Angleterre, et sur la naissance, les progress, les vues, les forces, les interets, et les caracteres des deux partis des Whigs et des Torys (1716), printed in Bernard Cottret and Marie-Madeleine Martinet, Partis et factions dans l’Angleterre du premier XVIIIe siècle (Paris, 1987). Egmont Papers: Aubrey N. Newman (ed.), ‘Leicester House Politics, 1750-60, from the Papers of John, Second Earl of Egmont’, Camden Fourth Series, 7 (1969), pp. 85-228. Enquiry I: David Hume, An Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding (1748), in Enquiries Concerning Human Understanding and Concerning the Principles of Morals, ed. L. A. Selby-Bigge and P. H. Nidditch (Oxford, 1975). (Originally entitled Philosophical Essays Concerning Human Understanding.) 5 Enquiry II: David Hume, An Enquiry Concerning the Principles of Morals (1751), in Enquiries Concerning Human Understanding and Concerning the Principles of Morals, ed. L. A. Selby-Bigge and P. H. Nidditch (Oxford, 1975). ESRO: East Sussex Record Office, The Keep. Essays: David Hume, Essays, Moral, Political and Literary, ed. Eugene F. Miller (Indianapolis, IN, 1987). Estimate: John Brown, An Estimate of the Manners and Principles of the Times (2 vols., London, 1757-8). Further Letters: Further Letters of David Hume, ed. Felix Waldmann (Edinburgh, 2014). Hearne’s Recollections: Remarks and Collections of Thomas Hearne, ed. C. E. Doble et al (11 vols., Oxford, 1885-1921), Hervey’s Memoirs: Lord Hervey, Some Materials Towards Memoirs of the Reign of King George II, ed. Romney Sedgwick (3 vols., London, 1931). Histoire: Rapin, Histoire d'Angleterre (10 vols., The Hague, 1724- 7). History: David Hume, The History of England from the Invasion of Julius Caesar to the Revolution in 1688 (1754-61), (6 vols., Indianapolis, IN, 1983, based on the last edition of 1778). HJ: The Historical Journal. H.M.C.: Royal Commission on Historical Manuscripts. Letters: The Letters of David Hume, ed. J. Y. T. Greig (1932), (2 vols., Oxford, 2011). Marchmont Papers: A Selection from the Papers of the Earls of Marchmont, in the Possession of the Right Honourable Sir George Henry 6 Rose: illustrative of events from 1685 to 1750 (3 vols., London, 1831). MS: Manuscript(s). New Letters: New Letters of David Hume, ed. Raymond Klibansky and Ernest C. Mossner (1954), (Oxford, 2011). NLS: National Library of Scotland, Edinburgh. Parl. Hist.: The Parliamentary History of England from the earliest period to the year 1803, ed. William Cobbett (36 vols., London, 1802-60). Political Writings: Bolingbroke, Political Writings, ed. David Armitage (Cambridge, 1997). Present Discontents: Edmund Burke, Thoughts on the Cause of the Present Discontents (1770), in Pre-Revolutionary Writings, ed. Ian Harris (Cambridge, 1993). RA: Royal Archives, Windsor Castle. TCD: Trinity College Dublin. Treatise: Hume, A Treatise of Human Nature (1739-40), ed. L. A. Selby-Bigge and P. H. Niddich (Oxford, second ed., 1978). Unpublished Letters: The Unpublished Letters of Henry St John, First Viscount Bolingbroke, ed. Adrian Lashmore-Davies (5 vols., London, 2013). Waldegrave Memoirs: The Memoirs and Speeches of James, 2nd Earl Waldegrave, 1742-63, ed. J. C. D. Clark (Cambridge, 1988). Works: The Works of the Late Right Honourable Henry St. John, Lord Viscount Bolingbroke, ed. David Mallet (5 vols., London, 1754). 7 Notes on the text Eighteenth-century spelling has been kept in citations, in English and in French. I have not made any attempts to ‘correct’ the grammar in eighteenth-century citations. ‘[Sic]’ has sometimes been inserted for clarity. ‘C.f.’ has been used in the footnotes to signpost contrasting views. 8 Acknowledgements First of all, I would like to thank my supervisor, Tim Hochstrasser, who has not only been the ideal supervisor for me and this project, but has also become a dear friend along the way. In addition, I owe a special debt to three colleagues. First, Richard Bourke, Queen Mary University of London, who has been incredibly supportive of my career in so many different ways, and who remains my greatest inspiration among historians. Writing my MA dissertation with Richard at QMUL in 2012-13 worked as a springboard for the present project. Second, Robin Douglass, King’s College London, with whom I have been organising a reading group in London for the last four years on various themes, from Rousseau to ancient political thought, which has led to many stimulating conversations. Robin has also been a wonderful interlocutor and supporter in many other ways. Lastly but by no means least, I have been very lucky to belong to the same batch of PhD students at the LSE as Ian Stewart, with whom I have had
Load more

Recommended publications
  • LORD BOLINGBROKE's THEORY of PARTY and OPPOSITION1 By
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by St Andrews Research Repository Max Skjönsberg, HJ, Oct 2015 LORD BOLINGBROKE’S THEORY OF PARTY AND OPPOSITION1 By MAX SKJÖNSBERG, London School of Economics and Political Science Abstract: Bolingbroke has been overlooked by intellectual historians in the last few decades, at least in comparison with ‘canonical’ thinkers. This article examines one of the most important but disputable aspects of his political thought: his views on political parties and his theory of opposition. It aims to demonstrate that Bolingbroke’s views on party have been misunderstood and that it is possible to think of him as an advocate of political parties rather than the ‘anti-party’ writer he is commonly known as. It has been suggested that Bolingbroke prescribed a state without political parties. By contrast, this article seeks to show that Bolingbroke was in fact the promoter of a very specific party, a systematic parliamentary opposition party in resistance to what he perceived as the Court Whig faction in power. It will 1 I have benefited from comments by Adrian Blau, Tim Hochstrasser, Paul Keenan, Robin Mills, and Paul Stock, as well as conversations with J. C. D. Clark, Richard Bourke, and Quentin Skinner at various stages of this project. As usual, however, the buck stops with the writer. I presented an earlier and shorter version of this article at the inaugural Early-Modern Intellectual History Postgraduate Conference at Newcastle University in June 2015. Eighteenth-century spelling has been kept in quotations throughout as have inconsistencies in spelling.
    [Show full text]
  • Jacobite Political Argument in England, 1714-1766
    JACOBITE POLITICAL ARGUMENT IN ENGLAND, 1714-1766 by Paul Chapman Gonville and Caius College November 1983 A dissertation submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of PhD in the University of Cambridge Paul Michael CHAPMAN Copyright © Paul Michael Chapman 1983 Second edition London: The Jacobite Studies Trust, 2013 [Please note that the pagination of this work differs slightly from the original of 1983, and reference should therefore be made to the second edition of 2013 in quotations giving page numbers. The original text has otherwise been preserved.] 1 Jacobite Political Argument in England, 1714-1766 By Paul Michael Chapman By the production of political propaganda Jacobites were able to reach Englishmen more directly than by plots and parliamentary opposition. The thesis demonstrates the need to reappraise assessments of the balance of political ideas current in England in the years immediately after the 1715 rebellion. Disproportionate attention has been accorded the small group of whig “Commonwealthsmen” or republicans, and the new “Country” opposition created by Lord Bolingbroke, with its famous literary coterie including pope, Swift, and Gay. The publications of these groups were outnumbered by Jacobite works. The Jacobite printer Nathaniel Mist produced a newspaper which, at least throughout the 1720s, was as popular as the most successful organs of these other opposition groups; neither could rival the flood of cheap Jacobite broadsheets and ballads which came onto the market between 1714 and 1724. Study of the arguments put forward to justify a Stuart restoration reveals the diversity of Jacobite support. A majority used the traditional tory tenets of non-resistance and hereditary right of succession in order to condemn the revolution of 1688.
    [Show full text]
  • Curriculum Vitae
    Curriculum Vitae June 2021 Gilles Muller Senior Research Scientist Head of the Whisper team Inria FRANCE Email: [email protected] https://who.paris.inria.fr/Gilles.Muller/ Education Habilitation à diriger des recherches, October 1997, University of Rennes 1 Title : Contribution to the Design of Adaptive and Extensible Operating Systems: from Micro-kernel to Partial Evaluation Jury members : Jean-Pierre Banâtre, Roland Balter, David Powell, Calton Pu, Michel Banâtre, Charles Consel. PhD in computer science, June 1988, University of Rennes 1 Title: The Design and Building of a Reliable Multiprocessor Architecture Jury members: Laurent Kott, Jacques Lenfant, Gérard Roucairol, Jean-Pierre Verjus, Jean-Pierre Banâtre, Michel Banâtre. Professional Experience May 2014 - Head of the WHISPER Inria Paris team. September 2009 - Senior Research Scientist, INRIA, member of the REGAL Inria Paris-Rocquencourt team. March 2002 - August 2009 Professor, Ecole des Mines de Nantes, member of the OBASCO EMN/INRIA, LINA team. October 1988 - February 2002 Associate Research Scientist (Chargé de recherche), INRIA 1996- February 2002 member of the COMPOSE group (created with Charles Consel). 1988-1996 member of the LSP/SOLIDOR group. 1985-1988: PhD student. Grants and Contracts • ANR VeriAMOS, 2019-2022, Verified Abstract Machines for Operating Systems, Co-Principal In- vestigator. 121 000 euros. • CIFRE Orange, 2019-2021, Co-Principal Investigator. 30 000 euros. • ANR PRCI ITrans, 2017-2020, Automatic inference of software transformation rules for automati- cally back and forward porting legacy infrastructure software, Participant. 287 820 euros. • CRE Orange Lab, 2016-2017, Priorisation des performances d’exécution de fonctions réseaux virtuelles dans des infrastructures NFVIs, Co-Principal Investigator.
    [Show full text]
  • In the Lands of the Romanovs: an Annotated Bibliography of First-Hand English-Language Accounts of the Russian Empire
    ANTHONY CROSS In the Lands of the Romanovs An Annotated Bibliography of First-hand English-language Accounts of The Russian Empire (1613-1917) OpenBook Publishers To access digital resources including: blog posts videos online appendices and to purchase copies of this book in: hardback paperback ebook editions Go to: https://www.openbookpublishers.com/product/268 Open Book Publishers is a non-profit independent initiative. We rely on sales and donations to continue publishing high-quality academic works. In the Lands of the Romanovs An Annotated Bibliography of First-hand English-language Accounts of the Russian Empire (1613-1917) Anthony Cross http://www.openbookpublishers.com © 2014 Anthony Cross The text of this book is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). This license allows you to share, copy, distribute and transmit the text; to adapt it and to make commercial use of it providing that attribution is made to the author (but not in any way that suggests that he endorses you or your use of the work). Attribution should include the following information: Cross, Anthony, In the Land of the Romanovs: An Annotated Bibliography of First-hand English-language Accounts of the Russian Empire (1613-1917), Cambridge, UK: Open Book Publishers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.11647/ OBP.0042 Please see the list of illustrations for attribution relating to individual images. Every effort has been made to identify and contact copyright holders and any omissions or errors will be corrected if notification is made to the publisher. As for the rights of the images from Wikimedia Commons, please refer to the Wikimedia website (for each image, the link to the relevant page can be found in the list of illustrations).
    [Show full text]
  • Rump Ballads and Official Propaganda (1660-1663)
    Ezra’s Archives | 35 A Rhetorical Convergence: Rump Ballads and Official Propaganda (1660-1663) Benjamin Cohen In October 1917, following the defeat of King Charles I in the English Civil War (1642-1649) and his execution, a series of republican regimes ruled England. In 1653 Oliver Cromwell’s Protectorate regime overthrew the Rump Parliament and governed England until his death in 1659. Cromwell’s regime proved fairly stable during its six year existence despite his ruling largely through the powerful New Model Army. However, the Protectorate’s rapid collapse after Cromwell’s death revealed its limited durability. England experienced a period of prolonged political instability between the collapse of the Protectorate and the restoration of monarchy. Fears of political and social anarchy ultimately brought about the restoration of monarchy under Charles I’s son and heir, Charles II in May 1660. The turmoil began when the Rump Parliament (previously ascendant in 1649-1653) seized power from Oliver Cromwell’s ineffectual son and successor, Richard, in spring 1659. England’s politically powerful army toppled the regime in October, before the Rump returned to power in December 1659. Ultimately, the Rump was once again deposed at the hands of General George Monck in February 1660, beginning a chain of events leading to the Restoration.1 In the following months Monck pragmatically maneuvered England toward a restoration and a political 1 The Rump Parliament refers to the Parliament whose membership was composed of those Parliamentarians that remained following the expulsion of members unwilling to vote in favor of executing Charles I and establishing a commonwealth (republic) in 1649.
    [Show full text]
  • Seventeenth-Century Scribal Culture and “A Dialogue Between King James and King William”
    76 THE JOURNAL OF THE RUTGERS UNIVERSITY LIBRARIES SEVENTEENTH-CENTURY SCRIBAL CULTURE AND “A DIALOGUE BETWEEN KING JAMES AND KING WILLIAM” BY ERIN KELLY The latter portion of the seventeenth century saw the emergence of a number of institutions and practices whose existence we may take for granted in the modern era: the two-party parliamentary system pitted Whigs against Tories, the Royal Society formalized many aspects of empirical science, and the Stationers’ Company lost their monopoly over publication rights, effectively paving the way for modern copyright law. These changes emerged out of a tumultuous political context: England had been plunged into civil war in the middle of the century, and even the restoration of the monarchy did not entirely stifle those in parliament who opposed the monarch’s absolute power. The power struggle between the king and Parliament had a direct impact on England’s book industry: the first Cavalier Parliament of 1662 – only two years after the Restoration – revived the Licensing Act in an attempt to exercise power over what material was allowed to be printed. Through the act, the king could appoint a licenser to oversee the publication of books who could deny a license to any books thought to be objectionable.1 Roger L’Estrange, an arch-royalist, became Surveyor of the Presses, and later Licenser of the Press, and zealously exercised the power of these positions by hunting out unauthorized printing presses, suppressing seditious works, and censoring anti-monarchical texts.2 This was a dramatic change from the state of affairs prior to the Restoration, which had seen an explosion in the printing trade, when Parliament ostensibly exercised control over licensing, but did so through inconsistent laws and lax enforcement.3 The struggle between Parliament and the monarchy thus played itself out in part through a struggle for control over the censorship of the press.
    [Show full text]
  • Preface Introduction: the Seven Bishops and the Glorious Revolution
    Notes Preface 1. M. Barone, Our First Revolution, the Remarkable British Upheaval That Inspired America’s Founding Fathers, New York, 2007; G. S. de Krey, Restoration and Revolution in Britain: A Political History of the Era of Charles II and the Glorious Revolution, London, 2007; P. Dillon, The Last Revolution: 1688 and the Creation of the Modern World, London, 2006; T. Harris, Revolution: The Great Crisis of the British Monarchy, 1685–1720, London, 2006; S. Pincus, England’s Glorious Revolution, Boston MA, 2006; E. Vallance, The Glorious Revolution: 1688 – Britain’s Fight for Liberty, London, 2007. 2. G. M. Trevelyan, The English Revolution, 1688–1689, Oxford, 1950, p. 90. 3. W. A. Speck, Reluctant Revolutionaries, Englishmen and the Revolution of 1688, Oxford, 1988, p. 72. Speck himself wrote the petition ‘set off a sequence of events which were to precipitate the Revolution’. – Speck, p. 199. 4. Trevelyan, The English Revolution, 1688–1689, p. 87. 5. J. R. Jones, Monarchy and Revolution, London, 1972, p. 233. Introduction: The Seven Bishops and the Glorious Revolution 1. A. Rumble, D. Dimmer et al. (compilers), edited by C. S. Knighton, Calendar of State Papers Domestic Series, of the Reign of Anne Preserved in the Public Record Office, vol. iv, 1705–6, Woodbridge: Boydell Press/The National Archives, 2006, p. 1455. 2. Great and Good News to the Church of England, London, 1705. The lectionary reading on the day of their imprisonment was from Two Corinthians and on their release was Acts chapter 12 vv 1–12. 3. The History of King James’s Ecclesiastical Commission: Containing all the Proceedings against The Lord Bishop of London; Dr Sharp, Now Archbishop of York; Magdalen-College in Oxford; The University of Cambridge; The Charter- House at London and The Seven Bishops, London, 1711, pp.
    [Show full text]
  • Maurice-Quentin De La Tour
    Neil Jeffares, Maurice-Quentin de La Tour Saint-Quentin 5.IX.1704–16/17.II.1788 This Essay is central to the La Tour fascicles in the online Dictionary which IV. CRITICAL FORTUNE 38 are indexed and introduced here. The work catalogue is divided into the IV.1 The vogue for pastel 38 following sections: IV.2 Responses to La Tour at the salons 38 • Part I: Autoportraits IV.3 Contemporary reputation 39 • Part II: Named sitters A–D IV.4 Posthumous reputation 39 • Part III: Named sitters E–L IV.5 Prices since 1800 42 • General references etc. 43 Part IV: Named sitters M–Q • Part V: Named sitters R–Z AURICE-QUENTIN DE LA TOUR was the most • Part VI: Unidentified sitters important pastellist of the eighteenth century. Follow the hyperlinks for other parts of this work available online: M Matisse bracketed him with Rembrandt among • Chronological table of documents relating to La Tour portraitists.1 “Célèbre par son talent & par son esprit”2 – • Contemporary biographies of La Tour known as an eccentric and wit as well as a genius, La Tour • Tropes in La Tour biographies had a keen sense of the importance of the great artist in • Besnard & Wildenstein concordance society which would shock no one today. But in terms of • Genealogy sheer technical bravura, it is difficult to envisage anything to match the enormous pastels of the président de Rieux J.46.2722 Contents of this essay or of Mme de Pompadour J.46.2541.3 The former, exhibited in the Salon of 1741, stunned the critics with its achievement: 3 I.
    [Show full text]
  • Of Gods and Kings: Natural Philosophy and Politics in the Leibniz-Clarke Disputes Steven Shapin Isis, Vol. 72, No. 2. (Jun., 1981), Pp
    Of Gods and Kings: Natural Philosophy and Politics in the Leibniz-Clarke Disputes Steven Shapin Isis, Vol. 72, No. 2. (Jun., 1981), pp. 187-215. Stable URL: http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0021-1753%28198106%2972%3A2%3C187%3AOGAKNP%3E2.0.CO%3B2-C Isis is currently published by The University of Chicago Press. Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of JSTOR's Terms and Conditions of Use, available at http://www.jstor.org/about/terms.html. JSTOR's Terms and Conditions of Use provides, in part, that unless you have obtained prior permission, you may not download an entire issue of a journal or multiple copies of articles, and you may use content in the JSTOR archive only for your personal, non-commercial use. Please contact the publisher regarding any further use of this work. Publisher contact information may be obtained at http://www.jstor.org/journals/ucpress.html. Each copy of any part of a JSTOR transmission must contain the same copyright notice that appears on the screen or printed page of such transmission. The JSTOR Archive is a trusted digital repository providing for long-term preservation and access to leading academic journals and scholarly literature from around the world. The Archive is supported by libraries, scholarly societies, publishers, and foundations. It is an initiative of JSTOR, a not-for-profit organization with a mission to help the scholarly community take advantage of advances in technology. For more information regarding JSTOR, please contact [email protected]. http://www.jstor.org Mon Aug 20 10:29:37 2007 Of Gods and Kings: Natural Philosophy and Politics in the Leibniz-Clarke Disputes By Steven Shapin* FTER TWO AND A HALF CENTURIES the Newton-Leibniz disputes A continue to inflame the passions.
    [Show full text]
  • The Political Life of Edmund Burke
    INTRODUCTION 1 Empire and Revolution Th is is a book about the vicissitudes of empire and revolution as confronted by one of the leading political intellects of the eighteenth century. Th e confrontation was complicated in a number of distinct ways. In the fi rst place the term “revolution” had a range of meanings. At its simplest it could denominate a change in the system of government. Yet it could also cover resistance to an established political order lead- ing to the creation of a new regime. Finally it could refer to the subversion of govern- ment along with the various liberties it was supposed to protect. Over the course of his life, Edmund Burke defended revolution in the fi rst two senses although he ardently set himself against the third. But while he supported the rights of legitimate rebellion, he also consistently upheld the authority of empire. However, the picture here was again a complex one. Burke cherished the rights of British imperial sover- eignty, yet he vehemently opposed the standing policies of the Empire. Underlying this apparent ambivalence was a commitment to the rights of conquest accompanied by a repudiation of the “spirit of conquest.” Th is referred to the attitude of usur- pation that Burke believed had characterised European governments in the gothic past. Although governments of the kind had their origins in expropriation, they had gradually accommodated the “spirit of liberty.” Nonetheless, modern liberty for Burke was a precarious achievement. It was capable of relapsing into the spirit of domination, not least in its interactions with the extra- European world.
    [Show full text]
  • French Travellers to Scotland, 1780-1830
    French Travellers to Scotland, 1780-1830: An Analysis of Some Travel Journals. Elizabeth Anne McFarlane Submitted according to regulations of University of Stirling January 2015 Abstract. This study examines the value of travellers’ written records of their trips with specific reference to the journals of five French travellers who visited Scotland between 1780 and 1830. The thesis argues that they contain material which demonstrates the merit of journals as historical documents. The themes chosen for scrutiny, life in the rural areas, agriculture, industry, transport and towns, are examined and assessed across the journals and against the social, economic and literary scene in France and Scotland. Through the evidence presented in the journals, the thesis explores aspects of the tourist experience of the Enlightenment and post - Enlightenment periods. The viewpoint of knowledgeable French Anglophiles and their receptiveness to Scottish influences, grants a perspective of the position of France in the economic, social and power structure of Europe and the New World vis-à-vis Scotland. The thesis adopts a narrow, focussed analysis of the journals which is compared and contrasted to a broad brush approach adopted in other studies. ii Dedication. For Angus, Mhairi and Brent, who are all scientists. iii Acknowledgements. I would like to thank my husband, Angus, and my daughter, Mhairi, for all the support over the many years it has taken to complete this thesis. I would like to mention in particular the help Angus gave me in the layout of the maps and the table. I would like to express my appreciation for the patience and perseverance of my supervisors and second supervisors over the years.
    [Show full text]
  • Open Access Version Via Utrecht University Repository
    Philosopher on the throne Stanisław August’s predilection for Netherlandish art in the context of his self-fashioning as an Enlightened monarch Magdalena Grądzka Philosopher on the throne Magdalena Grądzka Philosopher on the throne Stanisław August’s predilection for Netherlandish art in the context of his self-fashioning as an Enlightened monarch Magdalena Grądzka 3930424 March 2018 Master Thesis Art History of the Low Countries in its European Context University of Utrecht Prof. dr. M.A. Weststeijn Prof. dr. E. Manikowska 1 Philosopher on the throne Magdalena Grądzka Index Introduction p. 4 Historiography and research motivation p. 4 Theoretical framework p. 12 Research question p. 15 Chapters summary and methodology p. 15 1. The collection of Stanisław August 1.1. Introduction p. 18 1.1.1. Catalogues p. 19 1.1.2. Residences p. 22 1.2. Netherlandish painting in the collection in general p. 26 1.2.1. General remarks p. 26 1.2.2. Genres p. 28 1.2.3. Netherlandish painting in the collection per stylistic schools p. 30 1.2.3.1. The circle of Rubens and Van Dyck p. 30 1.2.3.2. The circle of Rembrandt p. 33 1.2.3.3. Italianate landscapists p. 41 1.2.3.4. Fijnschilders p. 44 1.2.3.5. Other Netherlandish artists p. 47 1.3. Other painting schools in the collection p. 52 1.3.1. Paintings by court painters in Warsaw p. 52 1.3.2. Italian paintings p. 53 1.3.3. French paintings p. 54 1.3.4. German paintings p.
    [Show full text]