'l]loua8 IIts seqsorJeds puouppe eseqlJo eJnlBI3ueuoupuc uorlducsurncllc1ca:roo aqJ .rau eql Jo reqloro auoot poncJsrffJlaq IIr,r r.atrs{-tqJlldH]Ulpsarld,{llu rnr sarJodsrequnJ leql olquqoJd sr 1r ,{11cn1ue,rg'annidtpH Jo wns{-ttl)llaLlJeq1e ol Fur8uoleqse petuer1ueeq pcq rlauoS,\\ou o,rl eqlur ps^[o^ur serJeds eq] lueutssesse s.SJeqJepuv ol Joud xolduor,saprotfuoJs,DlpJuaLADT 'serceds 'wnt 'puoaas aql ur Sraqrepuyfq peeeldele,\\ qJrq,r ;o rno; xrs sutt;tuoJ oduuaSlv 'dlg/{unpLtdaros[/qJ xql ur ulrq.(q peJeld euo pue o8ulquesst] ,atltuppoqlJ, eql ur SJeqlepuv ^q poJuldserJeds euo s apnlxtrr'DdlDJowauy lsJrJ oqI ?JeuaS.rouo,rl Surqucscptuc l radudsrql u1

',{p$s roqunJpopeou puc tueulte.l1srq ur paquosunJ.rrJsn cncl.{qd/ilod ore,r [elpurl aUtuDpoLlYpuc AxIpurIDlpruafiD1 Eroue8eql teqtpelcJrpur ]eq nJ"1, do'SJeqJepuV 'tlrouo8 lJUUSrpJo requnu ? ur poccldeq plnoqsueql ur popnlcur,{lsnor,re:d solJods usrlc4snv 'Jsues eql13q1 pu? lrlf,Isnv ur rncJolou op lJr]lsJql ur'nrJUJSssJqt lcr{l peluJlsuoruop uoeq seq 'I861 l! ereq/$'(I66ISroqrepuv'686I uoslrld lllng ? pltrlllrH)sndudluacar pre,res ul possnrsrp uooqsuq urleJlsnv u\ re\\\\I uns[,!.lru a H puB')AwntatdtlaHtrIouaA oqt Jo uorlduJsuncnf,eqJ

uorlrnpoJlul

'tg)d snuwDqtozOol pelulet flesolJ lsoul ^lluopr^e st lr :I z3JnI sapoqdal snuwDUtozolsaporqdai Vpue'['llen] gr-/arrdr wnst.rUulaHl ttaJtds V't4eelswna^nt 'l'ltqv-IwuDqpap 'lrepuos urualduzH\ una^ru V unstry)lpHl wwDqp2p V unualsi opuDlq unstrqJlpHf anaDDlstlopaDlq V :sarx.ds:eqloe.tr1 sapn1cur puc lropuoStu rllal snlqo uns{-11.!r!pH] 'C 'dleld uoslrld Insd (lopuos) wntolswqo unupduuaStv uo poscq sr snuo8 puoJos aql anpy dacos tttq 3pnu uosIr ld g Inrd('Jq)wns{rtlJoJnaTerznaBeql ol paptet,(losololsoru Inuerudds sr lr:[uoslrld'g lntrdallpxDswnnidtlaH] sUuDrDsV ptrc'l'letIN'Jwnrydappod wnstqJlpHl tunrprdalopod y :sorccdsJoqlo o,rl sopnlourpue eJlu:1snvuJelseld uoJJ DloJnp) ndtD)ouauv sal3ads,lreu ? uo poseq sr snue8 1s:r; aqJ eeurqlurr8uv :ororluqdru5 eqt ur pequJsap enwryllorluuaBtgpueodtotowauytnue8l[auo^\I'(266I)09V-LVr:()grrst.{n61 'ulltrlsnv tuo{ 'rar r:eue8 ,,neuo,tr1 ! Dduu a3 tV pw od.tu owauv E lr[.d.(ecerIeqdcuC:euecDJa$v)utnsKrqJtpHpuv wnraldtlaH ur papnlcur ,tpuel]nc sercedsusrlellsnV auos lo uortDJrJrsselJollJ Clnnd'uoslrld

lJBrlsqv

zsl9 R'tvllsnvurals:lA oruoJ tol xoBod 'lu.ua3eu"t1,l 'unrrqraH po€.IpuB t|or]p^rosuo] Jo tsaluued.e u"rprrsnVtUalseA

uosul( I Ined

BlleJlsnY ruo{ BJaua8A\au oa\l tMn\pdrluaSrv pua DdlnJouauv C lJsd :(aEallEqdEu3 :eBaJuJalsy)unstq4laH puB wnrafinag ur pepnl)ur ,{1lua.r,rnrsalJeds ue!luJlsnv aruosJo uolluJglss€lc aql

(266r)09',at' :(g)gprsfnN NuyrsiaVol. 8, No.3 (1992) to be elucidrted,a taskthat will entail fuflherresearch and will involve the studyof materialin Australianand overseas herbaria; for thesereasons only thosespecies are treated whose names are requiredin regionalfloras and whose taxonomy and nomenclature is clear.

Methods

Dissectionsof achenes,florets, and involucralbracts of represenhtiyeAustralian species of 'Helipterum','Helichrysum', rnd of relatedgenera have been mounted in Hoyer'ssolution (King & Robinson1970) and examined under the stereo and high-powered microscope. Achenes have also beenembedded in Spurr'slow-viscosity embedding media and sections stained in ToluidineBlue. In additionmicroscope slides were studied of transverseseciions of achenes,some of which were preparedby P.S.Short, K.E. Wilsonand J. Nailonfor theirpaper ( 1989)on acheneanatomy while otherswere prepared for me by my colleaguesR. Cranfieldand C. Parker.

Morphological studies

The morphological charactersused in discriminating the generaand specieshave been described (or referencesgiven to their description) in a number of earlier papers(e.g. Wilson 1989, 1992b): supplementarynotes are here provided on some of thcsechffacters.

Achenial hqirs. The natureof the hairs or papillae on the ircheneswas studicd. Various typesof hairs and papillaefound in the Gnaphalieaehave been described by Anderberg (1991) and their taxonomic 'Helichrysum 'papilla' significance assessed. In the elatum' grotp an additional type has been observed,in this two cells ofthe pericar:pepidermis are lateralty insteadof verticalty placed;they rre transprrentand often myxogenic. Papillaeof this type arerefcrred to as2-celled feneshae* . In some speciesof this group lhc fenestraeapprrently consist of only one longitudinally elongatedcell, this cell is usually not myxogenic and is not raised above the surfaceof the achene.

In Anemocarpalow, rounded,2-celled papillae arepresentwith the lower cell slightly exceeding the upper. This papilla type, which was describedby Anderberg (1991),is comparableto that found in the Waitzia grotp of genera.

In Argentipallium short narow-obovoid duplex hairs are present;these are similff to the more elongatedduplex hair type that is found in OzothamnLrs.

Achenial neryation The vasculatureof the achenecan be determinedby mounting it in Hoyer's solution. Where the testais free from the pericrrp, or where it can be readily sepffated from it, the vasculatureis preferably examinedin an achenein which the seed(i.e. testa,endosperm, and embryo) hasbeen removed. In all Australian membersof the Gnaphalieaewhere this organ hasbeen studied, with the exceptionof Myriocephalusguzrilae F. Mucll. (seeS hort et al. 1989),there are two yascular strandsin the pedcarp. In the testathere is always one strandand this passesfor a varying degree longitudinally arcund the seed;it is bestobserved by studyinga whole mountofthe testafrom which the embryo and endosperm(which is usually I free from the testa) hayo beeo removed.

* 'papilla' Thi s ty pe is alsofoDtrdi\ Bracteartha as is Dotedby E.E. CeorgeadouTvrtkovic Sahin (1982) who refen ro rhem as '2-celled idioblasts'. It is anlicipatedtlntthese willt'e morefully described,and tbeir taxononricsignilicaDce assesscd by ber in a forthcoming paper. 'lou op snuaDqlozo snucSJcllurts ^lprrSoloqd:ou aql ur serJedsalrq,r 'cznlJrocfurol:a lddJo1Qun4pduuaSry qtoq) ropuos wnuDDlsi.topu'lq H puu lllqcl wuDqpap wnsf,rqrlpH

'(1661) Sreqropuy ,{q por0ld str,\\ wnrydappod H srrue?qxrq^l' wwnpqdarosf,.q) Jo sanads qlr,r slsclluoc osIDlI uzrquo3,{ruotJe wJolleql DtzltDAlprn ans{-tuJoJnaTEJeueS pclcler .{leso13,tlo^rlund ew ur sorcadsqlr^\ slsr?rluo3 'czrquoc,{uro13e srql urJoJol lou punoJsu,t (Dd.tDJowauv)'\entv'lwnpdalopod unst4JlpH

'palsol ueeqoAf,q Ipnls luesJd oql ur pe^lo^ul sor3sds,reJ 'serreds t dluo ,{leluunIoJUll yuzrq::oJrruolae-uou,(luo Jo lezrq:-Ioc,turolce,{luo ull?luo, ol punoJ uooq reJ os o^uq erouoSoleSorSes eseql JIos,{u dq pue (I66I) Sraqrepuy fq pesnrSocorerouoS eql 'JaAe,\,\oH'lczrqrros,{rrolco-uou olur paleSsr8esJrB sor3eds 3ql u0rl,r Ip ro IEzrquoJ^ruolsoIle mqlro .{1pnsneru snuo8elrsoduoJ tJo sarJods'p.€ue3 ur'olurs Jcnsnunsc.r snll lcrll lno pelulod dnJrui6 'ezrr$JoJ.{rrrolJ3 rurolwns tJq Jlp H to unDfitl2 H tatllraurpspnlcur .{lsnor,rsrdueoq pe q ltql soneds uf,rl?.rlsnveqlJoJIBqlnoqu,{luolnql(066I)dncJci&,{qu,roqsusoqsDq]I'suollDlJossDlDztqtroJf,Il

.snuwDl.llozo ur punoJl?ql ol JclIUls sr uot1cnllssrqJ peue{Jrql pu? elu^rlJ aulloq.ffq llurulel orll q1^1 spJu^\dnetu11:qrcq aru,{aq1 '3SCq 'lualsrsJed 'palrun e^Oqtr{CeJq lou op puB 3JD ,{l oqs ,{JeA3Je sensuq aql an! oduuaS-tvuI

'pJUJ)JLIt tOUInq lUJUrUOrd pu€ pelseSuoJaelleqnq purrursl oql qlr.arspre,,$dn olclloqreq olc sellsuq eqJ. wnsttqJornal Io ptrc dnor? awDla ansLqJtpH etll Jo selJodsur selsuq.ql op snJouueu eu?s eql ur eslq eqt e^oqr] r-rturI J {cerq ,{lFrfllua,redeql ]nq luatsrsredpull eer; eru sellsuq snddcdeql ndJD)owauv u1 snddDJ

'lou op sleqlo elrq,&sauoarels elutsouoJ o,\trqol ll]eddBsarceds suros'(I66I SJoqrepuV)poqucsunJJrJ,{lluolncse'snuu,tDt!1ozOsnrrefloqluI'louopdnorStunulawnstulttlap eql lo pue Ddn)owrlly Jo serJodsscoJoq,{\ sourooJels eleJlseueJ e^uq 1rtlrllDd\uaSlV s\uefl e\l Jo 'aJnpa3oJd 'xelduroc sermdseqJ srql ol olqcuorucoslB aJc xoldruor srql Jo sorJodsueqc.qsny eq1 unst-ltp!|2 H - wnlloqdoug egl u !ile'le8 eleJJsrpolur sar3adsJo uorlBferSaseqt ur tsrssBot (I66I) Sreq:epuy,{qpue (186I ) nJng puuprulllrg (q pesnueeq srq:al JuqosllJ'suor8eranbrdopausprql 'slore eql uee,rleq luaseJd eru',ee.qseuaJ,se ol paroJor oroq luocnlsucrl peua{Jrqlun leql pue erlue lou sr euoe.rolscql uoua8 suos ul lcqt lno pelurod eH (016I) ,tlnro .{q peqrrcsep,t11ucgur 'etljoe'lels 'slJcrq lsrrJ sB/( oql leJJnlo^uroql Jo uouod psDq snour8Elrusceq L sDDJqplJnlo^ul

'rg')I 'pacetd, snuwD\JozO|resB oql osp sr qrrq^r llerpeuroJe spu0Jls Jslnrs'?^ eql lanqpd4uaStg u1

'drror8 ru lDp wnstt{JtaH eql Jo serJedsur peJeld ,tlle:elrl osp eru daql 'uoslrld 'g 'tpuoi& InBd ('lC) uzs,tr{JoJ[r7 pue ,lzt.trr4{se^lleleJ lsasolc e^Uqnd slr ur aru feql se suopal,{1oceq1 ol uonBlerur peJtrld.{ll8laltrt orf, spuBISrcln3se^ lBruoqreoql Dd.tmowauv nI

'reded slql ur pessnasrpsdnoJS-serseds lo 'oueqcD l]JaueEeqlJo nsJo serJedse^rlrtuasoJdeJ ur pe^Jesqo ueaq seq uonlsodnoqJ erI Surlcesse,(q '(tueredsuul 'eueqJB ro dltuorJqJnsoJe €seqlJr) slunou eloq,\\pell]el3 Sururur[xe,{q eql Jo suoriJos esJe^sulrJlSururrulrxa,tq pourur.rclcp eq,{twprn ('ltt do lon lJoqS)eJupJrJruBrs tuouoSJo srodjqure aql Jo suopel.{lo3cql ol e^rlBlsr fuBJued pw elsel 5ql Jo spu0lls JelnJsl]^eql Jo uorlrsod aq1

tuhtpdltD3tV pue rtl tDrokly uo\t'M C lnEd 450 NuyrsiaVol. 8. No. 3 t1992)

Genericstudies

In a recentpaper Anderberg (1991) recognised the genera C hrysocephalum Walp., Bractednthq Anderb.,Ozothamrus R.Br., and LawrencellaLindley serru /aro as segregatesof (Australian) Helichrysum.I havereclassified th e taxl.in lheLqwrencella complex (Wilson 1992a) and most of theAustnlian representativesof l1elrpterrr, (Wilson 1992a,b). This leavesa numberof Ausfralian speciesof He lic hry sumznd. of Helipteruathat still requiregeneric classification; they are as follows:- l)The'Llelichrysumelatum' grorp. Speciesin whichthe involucral bracts have terete or semi-terete stipesand are not fenestrate,the anther apicula have thick cell walls,the style appendages are ovate to acuminate,and the rchenes are glabrous with a smoothcrustaceous pericarp in whichthe vasculu strandsare laterally positioned. The epicarphas longitudinal 2-celled fenestrae (idioblasts) ofthe Bracteanthatype. The group is representedby suchspccies as H. elatumDC.,H. boormaniiMaiden & Betche,andH. ddenophorumF.ll{u'ell. It corresponds to Flelic hrysum sect. B lepharolepis DC. pro parte xnd,ftom the few speciesinvestigated (Warcup 1990), is evidcntlynot ectomycorrhizal.

2) The'Heliperumsaxatile' gro]op. Species similar in mostcharacters to thosein group1 but with thin antherapicula, rounded style lpex, andpapillose achenes (the two cellsof thepapillae vcrtically positioncd)with a thin pericarp.This groupis representedby HelipterumsLtutilePaul G. Wilson, HelichrysumpodolepidiumF .Mluell,rnd anundescribed species. The species are here placed in the new gennsAnemocarpa. It is possiblethat it will haveto bc enlargedto includespecies at present in group 1.

'ltelichrysum 3) The dealbatum'group. Specieswith r flatlencdclaw to the involucralbracts, fenestratestereome, thin antherapicula, truncate to roundedstyle apices, short clavate to obovoid duplexhairs on theachenes, a diaphanouspcdcarp, and a leatherytestr, with theachenial vascular skandsmedially positioned. These species form eclomycorrhiza. To thisgroupbelongH elichrlsum dealbatumLablll., H. spiceriF. Ml,ell., Ozothumnustephrodes Turcz., Itelichrysum obtustfolium Sonder,and llelrplerum niyeum Steelz; they are here placed in ihe new genusArgentipallium.

4) H. oligochaetumF.Mucll. Thisspecies appears to havenonearrelatives in the'Helichrysum'group andis possiblybest placed in closeassocixtton w\Ih Rhoda he.

5) HelichrTsumpumilum J.D.Hook. A specieswith theh abit of Leucochrysumalbicans (A.CU,]'r1,.) PaulG. Wilsonbut with floretssimilar to somespecies ofR hodantheparticrl'drly in havingvillous achenes:it differs in having heterogamouscapitula, thick branchedanther tails, deeplystained corollas,and barbellafe pappus bristles.

6) IlelichrysumleucopstdeumDC. A rhizomatousspecies wilh lhc appearanceofcertain species in the'11elichrysum alatum'gronp.Its florets are similar to thosc inBracleaalrd buthave a roundedstylc apex,a smooth glabrouscylindrical rchene without fenestrae ormyxogenic cells, and adoublc pappus thatispersistent. The vascul:r slrands ofthe pericarpand testa are medially orientated relative to the cotyledonswhereas in Bracteanthathey aro latcrallyorientated (Short 1989). This is the only Australianspecies ir lhe'Helipterum- Helichrysum' complex in whichthe pappus is doubleand it is the oniy speciesthat is recordedas being rhizomatous. luosqeJo luosold [zrq::oc,(uro]ce luelsrsJed snddud:uorgod yururxord ey1-adqs u qtr,\\stJDJq Iuronlo^ul'9 " "" " " DqJuDalJDtg SnoJnpcf,sndded:prcq pur {Jrql dJl]Juad:etnJDxsdE 5l,tts:enlua 'snooieurnlS 'Z slrDrq leJcnlo^ur :snoJqDlSpuD qloorus seueqcv wrya{laros{-u.l) luelslsrod snddcd :snourSf,lnJuodltrJuod :elcaurut xads sl.(ls ',{r3dcd :olellr , t8uols sljerq lerjnlo^u :roddn oql sdoue^o Je^\oleql qJrq.rJo s11aco,tr1 jo Euqsrsuocoullrdrd q1,t saueqcy'4 1rr:s:rdczrquo:,{ruolta 'g :uou.lodIf,urrxord pauallxU I qll,r slf,f,rqlc]JnloAur elcrpaturelul luesqc Jo luosord ezrqrJoJ,truolJe:snoJnpcc :o luelsrs:ad snddudlp:a1rl drucuedJo 's'A'esol[dr]d flelnuru :o qloorus soueqJc:snoue^ al,{ls :peJelsnla ro,{Jl]lltos f, InlrduJ :sqleq lcruuorod'g slawoLltozo "" " "" " " 'luesqc ezrquocfuolra :luolsrslodsnddcd :1cpeu dre:uad;o 's .L 'snorqu18 :o s:req xoldnp ^\ousu Uoqs qlr^\ eueqJc:epf,urul xode el,{ls :,{redBdsl3urq IIJnlo^ur :parolsntJputr lletus elnltdsJ:sqnqs g sqreq leruueJedJo sqnJqs:luosqe Jo tuasardezrqloc,{tlolca ',{reded :snocnpuf,lo lualsrsJedsnddud :alErlseuoJ lou ro snoecuunlS$cu:q lcJJnlo^ur:luJetcllo lupeu fuucuod;o s'^:srmq 't xoldnprapuets uoqs qtr,r ro'esollrdcdflelnurur ro snorqelSsoueqtV """ wntlDd\ua7rv sqJaqlBruualod :luosold czlqloJfuroloc :luolsrsJadsnddcd :Jcllor eql SurpoeJxorepuels puB 'dJedcd Suol slel Jeqlue :elujlseueJ slJrjq ler]nlo^ur :prpetu s'A 'luercdsw.q 'ulql 't fuctued:sjrcq xeldnp etB^llo Uoqs qtl.r sauoqrv luosql lo luasald azrquoJ,(ruolJois:mq xeldnp 'esollrdf,d'snotqulS {e0,,!\Jo IIltus &o^ rllr.4\Jo eusqJe:eseq Jeou qloous 'asournldro elcllaqjcq soltsuq snddrd :floulrunJe ol popunol ro eleiunJl xod[ olfts :slloJ lelsrp ol Je[urrs puc 3uo1qo-,noll?uslle3 purrxo:d q1r,tre8npuoddu Jeqlue :lou lo eteltsouoJ'uoluod pultxod 'I a{ll-adus ro pouelluu qlr.^Ast3crq lDrcnlo^ur:sqruqsro sqroq pruuoJod """"" """" DtuaouJs lurpeu 's'^ 'etnulut 'Z slsel pue drJuodJo :pelr^ucxe ,{leJrtcs euoqcf,lo ascg DllaJaatao1" " "" "" orrrln?3lo lf,ssq-qns'snorlf,^sa^m[ :luesord$rerq lerJnlo^urproluled lurrpcg'g " " " " "" " 'eterol 't op! a9 pscq ,{ltJlqs so^eol :luosquslf,uJq p:cnlo,rur prolulsd lu[rpsu ICJJIEICISJI puc dJDJUJd 'Z lo ( s ^) spuuls rclnjs'e^ :pol?AeJxe,tllueuuoJd eueq3sJo esl?g dnoJ?D aJua.r&D1 """"""'luesqD?zrqxoo,{ruolJe:sllf,qxotdnp{Jtql o8rnl qlr.r prdsrqlo snolp^ eueqf,e:eseqJeeu Jo8uol ellro Jo olclleqrcq Fluo^e sepsuq snddrd lprollap xadr et^ls :prllD,r-uql pw Suolqo-^\orcu sllal plsrp 'pelle,r-1crq1pur prelrllnba sl1ecpurxord ql.r o8cpuedde:eqlur :olclseueJ tou auoe:els 'uoruod 'I prurxoJd pouollcu qlr^\ slJuJqlerJnlo^ur :sqJeqlenuuv

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uoua8 o1,{ay

'uost!/A utltuodttuaBlV prrg DdlDxorz y O FBd NuybiaVol.8, No.3 ( 1992)

8. Pappusbristles barbellate; stylc apex rounded to acuminate, not deltoid;pe cffp paperyor brittle;ectomyco hizaabsent 9. Pericarppapery; style apex rounded; carpopodium prominent,sevcral cells high...... ,...... ,..Anemocarpa 9. Pericarpbdttle; styleapex ovate to acuminatc; 'Helichrysum carpopodiumminute, I cellhigh ...... elatum'group 8. Pappusbristles plumose; style apcx broad-deltoid; pericarpthick, cartilaginous;carpopodium minute, 1 cellhigh; ectomycorrhiza present ...... Leucochrysum

AnemocarpaPaul G. Wilson,gen. nov.

Herbaeperennes, non-ectomycorhizales, lanatae. Folia altenra,sessilia. Capitulasolitaria. Involucrumhemisphericum. Bracteae involucrales chirrtaceae, ang uste ellipticael bracteae interioris parteinferiores sem iteretibus, slereomate efenestrato, superiores anguste ellipticae albae. Receptaculum convexum,epaleaceum, glabrum. Flosculi homogami, disciformes. Corolla anguste cylindrica sed versusapicem anguste turbinata, breviter 5-lobata, cellulis faucis undulatis. Caudae antherarum gracilessed firmae. Styli apexrotundatus, nervo prominenti fere ad apicemextenso. Achenium ellipsoideum,glabrum; pericarpum translucens, papitlis 2-cellulis ornatum; testa membranacea, crystallina,nervo lateraliterposito; carpopodium multicelluloso attum. Pappisetae persistentes brrbellrt.ce.cellulis apicllibus lcutis.

Typus:Anemocarpa calcicolo Paul G. Wilson

Perennialherbs. Ectomycorrhiza not formed.Plant covered with a woollyindumontum. Leaves alternate,simple, entire, sessile. Capitula solittry andterminal to stemsor branches,homogamous, disciform. Involucrehemisphcrical. Involucral bracts papery, narrow-elliptic; outer bracts pale brown without stipe;inner bracts with proximd portionsemi-terete and stipe-likewith thickcned stereome,notfenestrate, distalportion twhitepapery laminr, thecentral vascular strandpassing into thelamina; innermostbracts with alinearflattened proximal portion grading into a very short truncate lamina. Receptacleconvcx, epaleafe,glabrous. Corolla narrow-cylindrical,narrow-turbirate towardsthe apex,regulrly shortly5Jobed, glabrous and smooth within, sparselyglandular pilose outside;cells of innerepidermis of throatundulate. Anther apiculum nrrrow-triangular; constituent cellsnanow-oblong with thickenedwalls; tails slender, firm, i equalto narrow-oblongcollar. Style apex rounded,shoflly papillate;vascular strand prominent and extendingto neu tip. Achene ellipsoid,glabrous; pericarp diaphanous topapery and translucent, epidermis with 2-celled myxogenic papillae,the cellsseparated by a transversewlll, the lowercell slightlyexceeding the upper;testa membranous,pale brown, adnateto pericffp, epidermalcells broad-oblongwith straightwalls, crystalspresent, vascular strand in lateralposition (in relation to cotyledons) and notextending to apex of seed;carpopodium promincnt, several cells high. Pappusbristles, free, persistent but eventually breakingc. I mmabove base, equal to corolla,slender, smooth towardsbase, barbellatc upwards, the terminalbarbellae congested, prominent, and acute.

Etymology.The generic name is derivedfrom the Greck words arena, withouta thread.and calror. fruit, with referenceto theabsence of hairson thc achenes. 'q1s3q 'r"rrgrH lf,tstrotrro pu?lqnJqseelpu ur suolsolxllJa^o urf,ol ^pws '(!I,8I .9ZL) 'rorlrgir,r.!]O erfa ol (g.SZI) e^oJ sullool ruo{ crloIlsnv uretso^AJo tsl]ootstre qlnos cql J?oN

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'3uo[ 'prosd111a 'c rurxg'y eueqrv Suolruru g'0 J ulnlnjrde:3uo[ ruur 1 qn:o1raq1uy3uo1 'snoreurnu ulur t'0'J proltepsiqot:8uol rurug J rlloloJ sleJolC .^\ulceleJelrues uo pexeueJlou '8uol lnq Surprlords urtll ZI ot Eurtllalelrq.r cndllla.roJJ?u rllr.r rauur'a^nuuql!.,!\ peSurl Jo u.roJq 'elsses 'lrJueqdsruoq ',(lloo,r elcd'elr?^o sloerqrelno:Jeleuf,rp urur 0€ ol ulnlrdeJ ,{losu6peac1rns 'olnlo^or Je,rol:,{lloo,r. lesJcdseseFns Joddn :oleJnuorc , llqArls sruSrDU:elnlld?J oql sprD,rot IIcrus pucesJeds'8uolultu(91)1-E'crldrfle,{1.^AoJJeu'olrssos'oleujolle'ourtnrlrso^co]'JopuolsseqJwJg 'seqaucJqpue se^eo1uo unlueurnpur,{1loo,lt o1q^\ E qlr,tr'opr,r,t puc qirq uc ggol pruuajodlcorg

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'uosI/A tunqlDdquatuVprre tidlnourry O Inld NuytsiaVol. 8, No. 3 (1992)

fl w\ifl 2mm

o.5,","1

Figtnel.Anemocarpacahicola.A-habit:B-leaiC-outer,intermediateandinnerinvolucralbracts;D-floreqE-apexof pappusbristle;F- slyle ap€x;G - anthei H - achene;I - surfaceand sideviews ofpericarp showingmyxogenicZcelledpapillae; J - seedshowins vascular strand.From P.G. tyilsor 7693. 'srttr^Bloonbturuald tua3rdep? slllaqreq 'saluasq? 'of,l[llcqnq 'seluotsrsJad la^ oBJnld srauruoJsllncsou ur +'aclo.rf,uoJurscq peo?lesrddcd 'osuelxe srultues uoJrde pe Jlcroielolrsod ur o^rou'uouruq oprlcd ce:tcuu.rtlureurutset :unuuqd[rp unrdlu3uod:unlculosroproAoqosrrurssrAerqslrd'e^etl'urnJupull.{JelsnSu?runrueqf,V'srucpuUo.r 'sepou8 'f,tuqol-g'clcurqJnl Io^ snl?Jurul xede rlrils eouurJ Ie^ sepqep unm:eqlu[ eupnuJ 'reurureJ elsn8utludns 1e,recr:pu11,{c elsn8ue clloJo3 seuuoJrJsrp rlnJsourJnod urnJ rueSoJeloq Io^ ruDSouoq rlnJSoU urn.lqcl8u:nccucpdc unxe^IoJ urnlnJcldocod snqrJl]llxrs snqrJorJolur srurlur o[clraJq :olcrlsouoJolcLuoeJols 'oclou]o l]qlo r:qdq1e elsnBul]mocucqJ curulcl 'olelnput o8uolqo seJoueJurausd scJouolur ocolJtJq :eerrldlllo elsn8ue 'oEoJr:U[qc'seJouelxe e?elJuq 'crJulllos 'rJtldllle :unlcurqrnl olcl 1e,turnlueqdsrureq urnJanlo^uI [lnlrduJ le^ cucaurl'ultsses er8elur?urelle DrIoC o?oJrJasesuap '€clcrJosuoJ lzrquoJ,{urotf,o ur srfunJ lunc seuuerodeeq]aH

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unltDdaua8tvp\n odlwou2 ytostr/ D tnBd 456 NuytsiaVol. 8, No.3 (1992)

Figure 2. Transversesections of acbenesof A - Ancnocarpa calcicola nd B - Ar|entipdlLiun obtusifoliun, both serni diagrammatic.A frorn H. Denarz 9760 a\d B fto.r D.llunt3o4l.

Typus:Argentipqllium obtusifolium (Sonder) Paul G. wilson

Perennialherbs. Ectomycorrhiza formed. Planf covered with a densesilvery silky irdumentum. Leavesaltemate, simple, entire, sessile, linear to eliiptic. Capitulasolitffy andterminal to stemsor branchesor in loose terminal panicles,homogamous or heterogamous,disciform. Involucre hemisphericalto broad-turbinate.Involucral bracts papery, narrow-elliptic; outer bracts pale brown withoutlamina: inner bracts with proximalportion flat andgrading into thewhite lamina; stereome flat, fenestrate,grading into the sunoundingbmct tissue,the vasculff tissuenot passinginto the lamina;innermost bracts similar to theinner bracts. Receptacle convex, epaleate, glabrous. Female floretsfew or absent,wilh filiform corollasand few or no pappusbristles; achene as in discflorets. Disc florets perfect. Corolla narrow-cylindricalor upperpo ion turbinate,regularly 5Jobed; vascularstrands not passiDginto lobes. Arther apiculumoblong to elliptic,thir; constifuentcells nrrrow-oblong,not lhickened,the marginal ones differcntiated or not. Anthertails slender, shoflly branchcd,weatri or firm, equd to or cxceedingcolhr. Anthercollar narrow-oblong.Style apcx truncateor rounded,shoflly papillate; vascular strand either slcnder and ending well belowapex or thickand extending to neartip. Acheneteretel sudace smooth; indumelltum sparsc or dense,of short (0.05-0.15mm long) obovoidduplex hairs; pcricarp diaphanous: testa membrmous, pale brown, adnateto pericarp,cells broad-oblong, vascular stratld in lateralposition (in relationto cotyledons) andextending to apexofseed; carpopodium several cells high. Pappusbristles free or fusedtowards basein smallclustcrs, very shortly united in aring atbase,l persistent,slender, smooth towards base, barbellateupwards, the terminalbarbellae usually clav{lte.

This genusis similarin floral characterslo Ozothamnw.The lattergenus differs principally in habit(its speciesbeing either shrubs or subshrubs),in thesize and arrangement of thecapitula, and in not beingectomycorrhizal. The achenes of O'olrazflif haveshort narrow duplex hairs whereas in Argentipalliumlhey rre very shortand clavate to obovoid.In Ozothamnusthere is considerable '(066I dnJrul$ lou aru dnor8 'pacqd auDp'Hetlllo senodssBaroq^\ pzlqJJot,{urolJc sl'lI tlolllppe uI (.{llElelcl lou) .{fierpouter? se^reulBruaq33 eqt put'wnoP H ur punoJoJe lcql sncq rrlnpue13eqlreaq lou saopadlls-lcejq eql 'qsel 1cq1ur .(1puno3o:dsJeJJrp tnq dnol3 tufltDp wns[tqJtPH eql ol selllj?ltxrs ourossl]q lI +|e.{\ ulql 3 puc slp,r prpsr peue{'rql qlr,r d[3rJed lussnlsucJtB 8ur^cq euaq]e eql ul pue'soqol aql uo spuelSplosdllle a8jl]l qlrlr1elloroi ropualsoJour pucJeBuol c 3ur^equI'stJurq [aJJnlo^uIell]rpeuratul aql ol edus elerel-nuos c 8ul^eq ur snue8 cql Jo selcodsrsqlo eql uo{ sleJJIpsslf,eds sIqJ

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sapo.tqdaty""" " "" """ " ' esolllded .{lesuapsoueqJe:se^?al e8ellof poJnper 'Jeloruelp ,(q papuelqns ulur SI ol splteqle^\ou :ltroJs:urds seuueuos soqJuorq:8uoltrlul 8 ol'o{ll-oleJs ro rlaull so^ce'I I wnlpllsuqo y """" """ " "" " " " " " esolJldtd dlosrBdssauaqrD:se^?el {q popuolqns 'Jeletuerp lou uul 9z-9I spl]eqr3,^.\ou :lul:s:utds:a,rau '9 seqcucrq:8uol tutu (09)02-9'JBeuIlol Suotqo-/{orrcu se^lre'I ueeqs^{Is ]teotuoJ 'rJlJLutrrp 'I I unluJujnpur:^Jglrlos ururSZ-0I spteqJo^\olC """" " ' './i\oloq 't lraJlds'V e^oql luoosarqtlS l( oo./i{.{lesolcsa^?o'I """"""" """ " 'Je^o 't w uDDts^opuDlqv"" lp,{ oo,\\-IJttl sJ^cJ'I '^lloo,\\ unlueunpur '€ :osoqufuo3 ,{lluanbe{ 'roloulerp uflu gI ol spceqra,,$old 'Z drclllos ro perelsnlaspooq Ja,{\ou :quqs IIBulsro pruuorod uedo 'z wnvqp|p y " " " "" " " " " """ " " srxsls eIII-odNJsuo .ft?lllos pcaq re,^Aou:qreq pounl AJslllosso^sel urals 'I " "" ' 'JBeull'll?urs 'l w a^u V"" selct3sal^rtlllxc uI poJalsnlc se^uolutels

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'perl3usrq .{nroqspuB'(wnattu y ur lee^l) lnols '6uol ertsJ1ulJoqlueeqlwn! DdyuaBlvu suoJoq,r'slel raqtucol.llJoqtBuel pw urJoJeql uI uol]cp^

tun4tDdnDStV pu? DdtrJok,,y \Io\tr/\A D lnEd 458 Nuytsia Vol. 8, No. 3 (1992)

Argentipallium dealbatum(Labill.) Paul G. Wilson,comb. nov.

Helichrysumdealbotrrr Labill., Nov. Holl. Pl. Sp.2:45 t. 190(1806). - GnaphaliumniveumPoir., Encycl.Meth. Bot. Suppl.2:808(1812) nom. illeg. nonL. (1753) - G. dealbdtumn abill.)Schnltz- Bip., Bot.Zeitung 3:17l(1875) nom. illeg. aon Thunb. (1800). Type citation: 'Habitat in capiteVan- Diemen'. Typen.v.

Disffibution. SouthemVictoria and Tasmania.

Argentipallium niyeum (Steetz)Paul G. Wilson,comb. nov. (Figure3)

Helipterumniveum Steetz ir Lehm.,Pl.Preiss. 1:475(1845). Iype: In NovaHollandia (Swan River Colonia)in solosublimoso inferioris sinus regis Georgii III, Oct. 1840,L. Preiss1 1 (holo:MEL).

[Helichrysumobtusifolium auct. non Sonder:Benth., Fl. Austral.3:619(1867) p.p.; Gieye & Blackall,How to know WestemAustralian Wildflowers 840(1975).1

Distribution.South-west region of WesternAustralia.

Chromosome number : n = 12fitle Twnet (1970)Ls H elipterum obtusifolium..

Arg€ntipallium obtusifolium(Sonder) Paul G. Wilson,comb. nov.

Helichrysumobtusrlo/ram Sonder, Linnaea 25:513(1853). Zlpe: EncounterBay, SouthAustralia, November,.F.Maeller (holo:.MEL 6048f9).

Distribution. SouthernSouth Australia, western and southern Victoria, south coast of New South Wales,and northern Tasmania.

Note. There is considerabledifference in the habit and capitulumshape and size in different geographicalvadants ofthis species.In Kangaroolsland,South Ausfalia, the plants ffe small,6-12 cm high,the involucres short (3-4 mm high)and urceolate, the laminae to theinvolucral bmcts 3-4 mm long, and the pappusbristles white with clavatecilia at the apex. This yariantresembles the WestemAustralian species, A. tephrodes,which differs most obviously in havingsmaller leaves and denselypapillose achenes. A rathersimiluplant is alsofound on theFleurieu Peninsula. In south- eastemSouth Australia, Victoria, and in New SouthWales the plants are larger with longerleaves, largerand hemispherical involucres, laminae to l0 mm long,and the pappus bristles wifh translucent acuteterminal cilia. However,since the va"riants appeff to gradeinto eachother I havenot attempted to providean infra-specificclassification.

Argentipalliumspiceri (F. Muell.) Paul G. Wilson,comb. nov.

HelichrysumspiceriF.Muell.,Fragm. 11:47(1878). rype: NearLongley, Tasmania,A. S/msoz (holo: MEL).

lHelichrysumobtusifolium ^)ct- nonF. Muetl.:Rodway, Tasmanian Flora 87(1903) p.p.l

D istribution. SouthernTasmania. 'tLqLuostt{l O dword als.lraduor!?q xatdnp - H:eroqca-C laqNs -C lxadEat,{ls -g:rtrsuq 'retIUI snddedJo yod"- ( larou - J:sp?lq Frnlo^ur r.lno pu?alelpoul.letul - g :llqpq-V &rr tu untltduuaSrv'EeJnAU

\i \l urur I! z 0 /\ I

runutDd'tua8)Vpw pdlorot ruy'uostli OFed NuytsiaVol.8, No.3 (1992)

Arg€ntipallium t€phrodes(Tucz.) PaulG. Wilson,comb. nov.

Ozothnmnustephrodes Turcz., Bull. Soc.Imp. Naturalistes Moscou Z(2):79(1851). - Helichrysum obtusifoliumv.tephrodes('lurcz.)Benth.,Fl.Austral.3:619(1867).Type:J.Drummond5thcoll. no. 385 (holo:KW, photoseen; iso: MEL, PERTH).

'Near Helichrysumobtusifulium var. sq amigerBenth., Fl. Austral.3:619(1867). Type citation: Oldfield river, Maxwell'. Synrypes:In tea Eee salt flats nearOldfield R., G. Maxwell (|,/IEL); Melaleuca flats. near Oldfield R., G. Marvell (N[EL).

Distribution. SouthemWestem Australia from FitzgeraldRiver eastto IsraeliteBay.

Acknowledgements

I am gratefulto Philip Short(MEL) for makingavaitable to me slidesof ransversesections of achenesof variouss pecies of' Helipterum' ar'd'H elic hry sum', to Ray Cranfield and Cheryl Parker for prepadngslides of sectionsof achenes,and to the herbariaAD, HO, and MEL for the loan of sDecimens.

References

Andelberg, A.A. (f991), Taxonomy and phylogeny of the tribe Gnaphalieae(Astenceae). OPra Botanica 1M:1-195. Drury, D.C. (1970). A fresh approachro rhe classificatioDof the gen\\sGnaphalium with particular referenc€to the species presentin New Zealand. (lnuleae-Composilae).New ZealandJou al of Bot^ny 8i222-248. "Prodromus Candolle,A.P. de (1838). systematisnatumlis regni qvegerabilis." Vol.6. (Trcuttel & Wurra Paris.) Hilliard, o.M. & Burtr, B.L. (1981). SoDregeneric concepish compositae-GDapltaliinae.J. Lim. soc. BoL82:181-232. 'Ihe King, R.M. & Robinson, H. (19?o). new synantherology.Taxon 19:6-l l. Short, P.S., Wilson, K.E. & Nailon, J. (1989). Notes on the fmit anatomyof Australian mernbersof the lnuleae (Composilae). Muelleria 7:57-79. Turner, B.L. (1970). Chromosomenumbeft in lbe Compositae. XII Austmlian species. Amer. J. Bor. 57:382-389. Tvrtkovic-Sahin, E.E. Georgiadou (1982). The systematicsof the gen\\sHelichrysun Miller in the countries bordering lhe Meditermnean. Thesis, University of Reading Warcup, J.H. (1990). Themyconhizal associaliodsofAustralian lnuleae (Astenceae). Muelleria 7:179-187. Wilson, Paul G. (1989). A rcvision of the genusl/)alarp"r a (Asteraceae:Inuleae: Gnaphaliinae). Nuytsia 7:75-l0l. wilson,Paul G. (1992a),T\e lawrencella cottplex (AstemceaeiGnapbalieae) ofAustralia. Nuylsia 8:361-377. Wilson, Paut c. (f992b). The classificationofthe Australian speciescurreotly included h HeUpErum ^ld r€lated genem (Astemceae:Gnaphalieae): Parl L Nuyrsia 8i3?9-438, Wilson, Paul G. (1992c).Izucochrysu. (Astemceae:Gnaphalieae), a new Australiangenus in theH"/?lez,n complex. Nuytsia 8t439-445,