CONSEJO EDITORIAL EDITOR Dr. Alfredo Figueroa Navarro Prof
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
Review of the Chinese Species of the Genus Coelostoma Brullé, 1835 (Coleoptera: Hydrophilidae: Sphaeridiinae)
Zootaxa 3887 (3): 354–376 ISSN 1175-5326 (print edition) www.mapress.com/zootaxa/ Article ZOOTAXA Copyright © 2014 Magnolia Press ISSN 1175-5334 (online edition) http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3887.3.4 http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:ABD688ED-D7F6-40F1-8821-0C339293A2A5 Review of the Chinese species of the genus Coelostoma Brullé, 1835 (Coleoptera: Hydrophilidae: Sphaeridiinae) FENGLONG JIA1,5, PAUL ASTON2 & MARTIN FIKÁČEK3, 4 1Institute of Entomology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, Guangdong, China. E-mail: [email protected]; [email protected] 22F, 102 Wang Tong, Mui Wo, Lantau, Hong Kong S.A.R., China. E-mail: [email protected] 3Department of Entomology, National Museum, Kunratice 1, CZ-148 00 Praha 4, Czech Republic. E-mail: [email protected] 4Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Viničná 7, CZ-128 44 Praha 2, Czech Republic 5Corresponding author Abstract The Chinese species of the genus Coelostoma Brullé, 1835 are revised and diagnosed. Five new species are described: Coelostoma bifidum sp. nov. (Jiangxi, Guangdong, Hong Kong), C. hajeki sp. nov. (Guangdong, Guangxi), C. hongkon- gense sp. nov. (Hong Kong), C. huangi sp. nov. (Guangxi, Jiangxi), and C. gentilii sp. nov. (Xizang). Coelostoma coomani Orchymont, 1932, C. orbiculare (Fabricius, 1775) and C. vividum Orchymont, 1936 are reported for the first time from Chi- na. Coelostoma sulcatum Pu, 1963, syn. nov. is synonymized with C. stultum (Walker, 1858). Additional faunistic data from China are provided for C. phallicum Orchymont, 1940, C. vagum Orchymont, 1940, C. turnai Hebauer, 2006, C. wui Orchymont, 1940, C. -
The Ecology and Feeding Habits of the Arboreal Trap-Jawed Ant Daceton Armigerum
Open Archive TOULOUSE Archive Ouverte (OATAO) OATAO is an open access repository that collects the work of Toulouse researchers and makes it freely available over the web where possible. This is an author-deposited version published in : http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/ Eprints ID : 11561 To link to this article : DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0037683 URL : http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0037683 To cite this version : Dejean, Alain and Delabie, Jacques Hubert Charles and Corbara, Bruno and Azémar, Frédéric and Groc, Sarah and Orivel, Jérôme and Leponce, Maurice The Ecology and Feeding Habits of the Arboreal Trap-Jawed Ant Daceton armigerum. (2012) PLoS ONE, vol. 7 (n° 5). e37683. ISSN 1932-6203 Any correspondance concerning this service should be sent to the repository administrator: [email protected] The Ecology and Feeding Habits of the Arboreal Trap- Jawed Ant Daceton armigerum Alain Dejean1,2*, Jacques H. C. Delabie3, Bruno Corbara4,5, Fre´deric Aze´mar2,6, Sarah Groc7, Je´roˆ me Orivel1, Maurice Leponce8 1 CNRS, E´cologie des Foreˆts de Guyane (UMR-CNRS 8172), Campus Agronomique, Kourou, France, 2 Universite´ de Toulouse, UPS (Ecolab), Toulouse, France, 3 U.P.A. Laborato´rio de Mirmecologia, Conveˆnio UESC/CEPLAC, Itabuna, Bahia, Brazil, 4 CNRS, Laboratoire Microorganismes, Ge´nome et Environnement (UMR-CNRS 6023), Universite´ Blaise Pascal, Aubie`re, France, 5 Clermont Universite´, Universite´ Blaise Pascal (LMGE), Clermont-Ferrand, France, 6 CNRS, Laboratoire d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement (UMR-CNRS 5245), Toulouse, France, 7 Instituto de Biologia Universidade Federal de Uberlaˆndia, Uberlaˆndia, Minas Gerais, Brazil, 8 Biological Evaluation Section, Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, Brussels, Belgium Abstract Here we show that Daceton armigerum, an arboreal myrmicine ant whose workers are equipped with hypertrophied trap- jaw mandibles, is characterized by a set of unexpected biological traits including colony size, aggressiveness, trophobiosis and hunting behavior. -
Environmental Determinants of Leaf Litter Ant Community Composition
Environmental determinants of leaf litter ant community composition along an elevational gradient Mélanie Fichaux, Jason Vleminckx, Elodie Alice Courtois, Jacques Delabie, Jordan Galli, Shengli Tao, Nicolas Labrière, Jérôme Chave, Christopher Baraloto, Jérôme Orivel To cite this version: Mélanie Fichaux, Jason Vleminckx, Elodie Alice Courtois, Jacques Delabie, Jordan Galli, et al.. Environmental determinants of leaf litter ant community composition along an elevational gradient. Biotropica, Wiley, 2020, 10.1111/btp.12849. hal-03001673 HAL Id: hal-03001673 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-03001673 Submitted on 12 Nov 2020 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. BIOTROPICA Environmental determinants of leaf-litter ant community composition along an elevational gradient ForJournal: PeerBiotropica Review Only Manuscript ID BITR-19-276.R2 Manuscript Type: Original Article Date Submitted by the 20-May-2020 Author: Complete List of Authors: Fichaux, Mélanie; CNRS, UMR Ecologie des Forêts de Guyane (EcoFoG), AgroParisTech, CIRAD, INRA, Université -
The Beetle Fauna of Dominica, Lesser Antilles (Insecta: Coleoptera): Diversity and Distribution
INSECTA MUNDI, Vol. 20, No. 3-4, September-December, 2006 165 The beetle fauna of Dominica, Lesser Antilles (Insecta: Coleoptera): Diversity and distribution Stewart B. Peck Department of Biology, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, Ontario K1S 5B6, Canada stewart_peck@carleton. ca Abstract. The beetle fauna of the island of Dominica is summarized. It is presently known to contain 269 genera, and 361 species (in 42 families), of which 347 are named at a species level. Of these, 62 species are endemic to the island. The other naturally occurring species number 262, and another 23 species are of such wide distribution that they have probably been accidentally introduced and distributed, at least in part, by human activities. Undoubtedly, the actual numbers of species on Dominica are many times higher than now reported. This highlights the poor level of knowledge of the beetles of Dominica and the Lesser Antilles in general. Of the species known to occur elsewhere, the largest numbers are shared with neighboring Guadeloupe (201), and then with South America (126), Puerto Rico (113), Cuba (107), and Mexico-Central America (108). The Antillean island chain probably represents the main avenue of natural overwater dispersal via intermediate stepping-stone islands. The distributional patterns of the species shared with Dominica and elsewhere in the Caribbean suggest stages in a dynamic taxon cycle of species origin, range expansion, distribution contraction, and re-speciation. Introduction windward (eastern) side (with an average of 250 mm of rain annually). Rainfall is heavy and varies season- The islands of the West Indies are increasingly ally, with the dry season from mid-January to mid- recognized as a hotspot for species biodiversity June and the rainy season from mid-June to mid- (Myers et al. -
Check List 8(4): 722–730, 2012 © 2012 Check List and Authors Chec List ISSN 1809-127X (Available at Journal of Species Lists and Distribution
Check List 8(4): 722–730, 2012 © 2012 Check List and Authors Chec List ISSN 1809-127X (available at www.checklist.org.br) Journal of species lists and distribution Check list of ground-dwelling ants (Hymenoptera: PECIES S Formicidae) of the eastern Acre, Amazon, Brazil OF Patrícia Nakayama Miranda 1,2*, Marco Antônio Oliveira 3, Fabricio Beggiato Baccaro 4, Elder Ferreira ISTS 1 5,6 L Morato and Jacques Hubert Charles Delabie 1 Universidade Federal do Acre, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Natureza. BR 364 – Km 4 – Distrito Industrial. CEP 69915-900. Rio Branco, AC, Brazil. 2 Instituo Federal do Acre, Campus Rio Branco. Avenida Brasil 920, Bairro Xavier Maia. CEP 69903-062. Rio Branco, AC, Brazil. 3 Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Campus Florestal. Rodovia LMG 818, Km 6. CEP 35690-000. Florestal, MG, Brazil. 4 Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ecologia. CP 478. CEP 69083-670. Manaus, AM, Brazil. 5 Comissão Executiva do Plano da Lavoura Cacaueira, Centro de Pesquisas do Cacau, Laboratório de Mirmecologia – CEPEC/CEPLAC. Caixa Postal 07. CEP 45600-970. Itabuna, BA, Brazil. 6 Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz. CEP 45650-000. Ilhéus, BA, Brazil. * Corresponding author. E-mail: [email protected] Abstract: The ant fauna of state of Acre, Brazilian Amazon, is poorly known. The aim of this study was to compile the species sampled in different areas in the State of Acre. An inventory was carried out in pristine forest in the municipality of Xapuri. This list was complemented with the information of a previous inventory carried out in a forest fragment in the municipality of Senador Guiomard and with a list of species deposited at the Entomological Collection of National Institute of Amazonian Research– INPA. -
Additions to the Checklist of Scoliidae, Sphecidae, Pompilidae and Vespidae of Peru, with Notes on the Endemic Status of Some Species (Hymenoptera, Aculeata)
A peer-reviewed open-access journal ZooKeys 519:Additions 33–48 (2015) to the checklist of Scoliidae, Sphecidae, Pompilidae and Vespidae of Peru... 33 doi: 10.3897/zookeys.519.6501 CHECKLIST http://zookeys.pensoft.net Launched to accelerate biodiversity research Additions to the checklist of Scoliidae, Sphecidae, Pompilidae and Vespidae of Peru, with notes on the endemic status of some species (Hymenoptera, Aculeata) Eduardo Fernando dos Santos1, Yuri Campanholo Grandinete1,2, Fernando Barbosa Noll1 1 Departamento de Zoologia e Botânica, Instituto de Biociências, Letras e Ciências Exatas, Universidade Esta- dual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho”. Rua Cristóvão Colombo, 2265, Jd. Nazareth, 15054-000, São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil 2 Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo. Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, 14040-901, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil Corresponding author: Eduardo Fernando dos Santos ([email protected]) Academic editor: Michael Engel | Received 22 May 2015 | Accepted 19 August 2015 | Published 31 August 2015 http://zoobank.org/DA5A298F-BEF0-4AF5-AA08-FB8FF41FE6A4 Citation: dos Santos EF, Grandinete YC, Noll FB (2015) Additions to the checklist of Scoliidae, Sphecidae, Pompilidae and Vespidae of Peru, with notes on the endemic status of some species (Hymenoptera, Aculeata). ZooKeys 519: 33–48. doi: 10.3897/zookeys.519.6501 Abstract The first checklist of the Peruvian Hymenoptera listed 1169 species and subspecies of aculeate wasps, including 173 species of Pompilidae, seven of Scoliidae, 39 of Sphecidae and 403 of Vespidae. Herein are reported 32 species as new for Peru based mainly on the collection of the Natural History Museum, London. -
Sistemática Y Ecología De Las Hormigas Predadoras (Formicidae: Ponerinae) De La Argentina
UNIVERSIDAD DE BUENOS AIRES Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales Sistemática y ecología de las hormigas predadoras (Formicidae: Ponerinae) de la Argentina Tesis presentada para optar al título de Doctor de la Universidad de Buenos Aires en el área CIENCIAS BIOLÓGICAS PRISCILA ELENA HANISCH Directores de tesis: Dr. Andrew Suarez y Dr. Pablo L. Tubaro Consejero de estudios: Dr. Daniel Roccatagliata Lugar de trabajo: División de Ornitología, Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales “Bernardino Rivadavia” Buenos Aires, Marzo 2018 Fecha de defensa: 27 de Marzo de 2018 Sistemática y ecología de las hormigas predadoras (Formicidae: Ponerinae) de la Argentina Resumen Las hormigas son uno de los grupos de insectos más abundantes en los ecosistemas terrestres, siendo sus actividades, muy importantes para el ecosistema. En esta tesis se estudiaron de forma integral la sistemática y ecología de una subfamilia de hormigas, las ponerinas. Esta subfamilia predomina en regiones tropicales y neotropicales, estando presente en Argentina desde el norte hasta la provincia de Buenos Aires. Se utilizó un enfoque integrador, combinando análisis genéticos con morfológicos para estudiar su diversidad, en combinación con estudios ecológicos y comportamentales para estudiar la dominancia, estructura de la comunidad y posición trófica de las Ponerinas. Los resultados sugieren que la diversidad es más alta de lo que se creía, tanto por que se encontraron nuevos registros durante la colecta de nuevo material, como porque nuestros análisis sugieren la presencia de especies crípticas. Adicionalmente, demostramos que en el PN Iguazú, dos ponerinas: Dinoponera australis y Pachycondyla striata son componentes dominantes en la comunidad de hormigas. Análisis de isótopos estables revelaron que la mayoría de las Ponerinas ocupan niveles tróficos altos, con excepción de algunas especies arborícolas del género Neoponera que dependerían de néctar u otros recursos vegetales. -
The First Record Among Dolichoderinae (Formicidae) of Parasitism by Strepsiptera
Insectes Soc. 50 (2003) 148–150 0020-1812/03/020148-03 Insectes Sociaux DOI 10.1007/s00040-003-0637-9 © Birkhäuser Verlag, Basel, 2003 Research article The first record among Dolichoderinae (Formicidae) of parasitism by Strepsiptera D.P. Hughes 1,G.Moya-Raygoza 2 and J. Kathirithamby 1 1 Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, OX1 3PS, UK, e-mail:[email protected] 2 Departamento de Botanica y Zoologia, C.U.C.B.A., Universidad de Guadalajara, Km 15.5 carretera Guadalajara-Nogales, Las Agujas, Zapopan, C.P. 45110, Apdo, Postal 139, Jalisco, Mexico Received 7 November 2002; revised 19 December 2002; accepted 2 January 2003. Summary. We present the first record of parasitism of Host location is conducted by the 1st instar larvae of the par- Dolichoderus bispinosus nests by Strepsiptera belonging to asite, which enter the colony, likely to be via phoretic trans- the family Myrmecolacidae. This becomes only the four- port, where they are assumed to infect larval ants. Unlike teenth species of ant and the fifth subfamily to be identified other endoparasitoids of ants, such as eucharitids (Hymen- as a host to Strepsiptera. Of the three colonies examined all optera: Eucharitidae), Strepsiptera remain associated with were parasitized. Prevalence of parasitism among adult ants the host even after host metamorphosis. Following host eclo- was less than 2% in each case. However, among alate males sion the male parasite forms a pupa, the anterior portion, i.e. of one colony, nearly 24% were parasitized. In conjunction cephalothecae, of which extrudes through the intersegmental with a reanalysis of previously published data we discuss the membranes of the gaster. -
Fauna Europaea: Hymenoptera – Apocrita (Excl
Biodiversity Data Journal 3: e4186 doi: 10.3897/BDJ.3.e4186 Data Paper Fauna Europaea: Hymenoptera – Apocrita (excl. Ichneumonoidea) Mircea-Dan Mitroiu‡§, John Noyes , Aleksandar Cetkovic|, Guido Nonveiller†,¶, Alexander Radchenko#, Andrew Polaszek§, Fredrick Ronquist¤, Mattias Forshage«, Guido Pagliano», Josef Gusenleitner˄, Mario Boni Bartalucci˅, Massimo Olmi ¦, Lucian Fusuˀ, Michael Madl ˁ, Norman F Johnson₵, Petr Janstaℓ, Raymond Wahis₰, Villu Soon ₱, Paolo Rosa₳, Till Osten †,₴, Yvan Barbier₣, Yde de Jong ₮,₦ ‡ Alexandru Ioan Cuza University, Faculty of Biology, Iasi, Romania § Natural History Museum, London, United Kingdom | University of Belgrade, Faculty of Biology, Belgrade, Serbia ¶ Nusiceva 2a, Belgrade (Zemun), Serbia # Schmalhausen Institute of Zoology, Kiev, Ukraine ¤ Uppsala University, Evolutionary Biology Centre, Uppsala, Sweden « Swedish Museum of Natural History, Stockholm, Sweden » Museo Regionale di Scienze Naturi, Torino, Italy ˄ Private, Linz, Austria ˅ Museo de “La Specola”, Firenze, Italy ¦ Università degli Studi della Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy ˀ Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iasi, Faculty of Biology, Iasi, Romania ˁ Naturhistorisches Museum Wien, Wien, Austria ₵ Museum of Biological Diversity, Columbus, OH, United States of America ℓ Charles University, Faculty of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic ₰ Gembloux Agro bio tech, Université de Liège, Gembloux, Belgium ₱ University of Tartu, Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, Tartu, Estonia ₳ Via Belvedere 8d, Bernareggio, Italy ₴ Private, Murr, Germany ₣ Université -
A Rapid Biological Assessment of the Upper Palumeu River Watershed (Grensgebergte and Kasikasima) of Southeastern Suriname
Rapid Assessment Program A Rapid Biological Assessment of the Upper Palumeu River Watershed (Grensgebergte and Kasikasima) of Southeastern Suriname Editors: Leeanne E. Alonso and Trond H. Larsen 67 CONSERVATION INTERNATIONAL - SURINAME CONSERVATION INTERNATIONAL GLOBAL WILDLIFE CONSERVATION ANTON DE KOM UNIVERSITY OF SURINAME THE SURINAME FOREST SERVICE (LBB) NATURE CONSERVATION DIVISION (NB) FOUNDATION FOR FOREST MANAGEMENT AND PRODUCTION CONTROL (SBB) SURINAME CONSERVATION FOUNDATION THE HARBERS FAMILY FOUNDATION Rapid Assessment Program A Rapid Biological Assessment of the Upper Palumeu River Watershed RAP (Grensgebergte and Kasikasima) of Southeastern Suriname Bulletin of Biological Assessment 67 Editors: Leeanne E. Alonso and Trond H. Larsen CONSERVATION INTERNATIONAL - SURINAME CONSERVATION INTERNATIONAL GLOBAL WILDLIFE CONSERVATION ANTON DE KOM UNIVERSITY OF SURINAME THE SURINAME FOREST SERVICE (LBB) NATURE CONSERVATION DIVISION (NB) FOUNDATION FOR FOREST MANAGEMENT AND PRODUCTION CONTROL (SBB) SURINAME CONSERVATION FOUNDATION THE HARBERS FAMILY FOUNDATION The RAP Bulletin of Biological Assessment is published by: Conservation International 2011 Crystal Drive, Suite 500 Arlington, VA USA 22202 Tel : +1 703-341-2400 www.conservation.org Cover photos: The RAP team surveyed the Grensgebergte Mountains and Upper Palumeu Watershed, as well as the Middle Palumeu River and Kasikasima Mountains visible here. Freshwater resources originating here are vital for all of Suriname. (T. Larsen) Glass frogs (Hyalinobatrachium cf. taylori) lay their -
Pompilidae (Insecta: Hymenoptera). Fauna of New Zealand 12, 160 Pp. Harris, A. C. 1987
Fauna of New Zealand Eioia Aisoy Gou Memes a Eomoogy iisio eame o Scieiic a Iusia eseac Mou Ae eseac Cee iae ag Aucka ew eaa E oicio ieco - M ogwo Gou eae Sysemaics Secio - G W amsay Co-opted from within Systematics Section K Cosy A ooway Uiesiies eeseaie G W Gis ooogy eame icoia Uiesiy o Weigo iae ag Weigo ew eaa Museums eeseaie C Yawy ieco aioa Museum o ew eaa iae ag Weigo ew eaa Oeseas eeseaie awece CSIO iisio o Eomoogy O o 17 Caea Ciy AC 1 Ausaia o a oaioa asis —s— Seies Eio M C ua Sysemaics Secio Eomoogy iisio eame o Scieiic a Iusia eseac Mou Ae eseac Cee iae ag Aucka ew eaa aua o ew eaa ume 1 omiiae (Iseca ymeoea Α C ais Oago Museum Gea Kig See uei ew eaa Cataloguing-in-publication citation AIS A C omiiae (Iseca ymeoea / A C ais - Weigo SI Sciece Iomaio uisig Cee 197 (aua o ew eaa ISS 111-533; o 1 IS -77-51-3 I ie Η Seies UC 595793 Date of publication: see back cover of subsequent numbers Suggested form of citation ais A C 197 omiiae (Iseca ymeoea Fauna of New Zealand [no.] 12. is uicaio was ouce y ose iogay e auos ye- sci was ascie y OC scaig o o e ocesso iskee a ae eiig a sye coig was ooyese a e ΝΖ Goe- me iig Oice imes ew oma ye is use o mos o e e; mao eaigs a igue aes ae se i Uies; Gaamo a Geea ae use i e ies e Eioia Aisoy Gou a e Seies Eio ackowege e oowig co-oeaio DSIR Research Orchard, Havelock North: Ms Cocko - assisace wi wo ocesso iu Mount Albert Research Centre, DSIR: Ms aig - asciio o e M W emoe - assisace wi awok M ΜΒ Iwi - ooeucio ο ie igues Ms ΗΑ Wea - comue ie maageme Science Information Publishing Centre, DSIR: awco - sueisio o oucio a isiuio M C Maews - assisace wi oucio a uiciy Science Mapping Unit, DSIR: M Saage - assisace wi awok Front cover: e isec eice is Sphictostethus nitidus (aicius [] aggig a ey sie Miturga frenata Koc © Cow Coyig uise y Sciece Iomaio uisig Cee SI O o 971 Weigo ew eaa : Φ I 4 Φ • $4 Φ • • 4 oisiece Priocnemis (Τ monachus i-isa aa o is os Cantuaria allani. -
Butterflies of North America
Insects of Western North America 7. Survey of Selected Arthropod Taxa of Fort Sill, Comanche County, Oklahoma. 4. Hexapoda: Selected Coleoptera and Diptera with cumulative list of Arthropoda and additional taxa Contributions of the C.P. Gillette Museum of Arthropod Diversity Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1177 2 Insects of Western North America. 7. Survey of Selected Arthropod Taxa of Fort Sill, Comanche County, Oklahoma. 4. Hexapoda: Selected Coleoptera and Diptera with cumulative list of Arthropoda and additional taxa by Boris C. Kondratieff, Luke Myers, and Whitney S. Cranshaw C.P. Gillette Museum of Arthropod Diversity Department of Bioagricultural Sciences and Pest Management Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523 August 22, 2011 Contributions of the C.P. Gillette Museum of Arthropod Diversity. Department of Bioagricultural Sciences and Pest Management Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1177 3 Cover Photo Credits: Whitney S. Cranshaw. Females of the blow fly Cochliomyia macellaria (Fab.) laying eggs on an animal carcass on Fort Sill, Oklahoma. ISBN 1084-8819 This publication and others in the series may be ordered from the C.P. Gillette Museum of Arthropod Diversity, Department of Bioagricultural Sciences and Pest Management, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, 80523-1177. Copyrighted 2011 4 Contents EXECUTIVE SUMMARY .............................................................................................................7 SUMMARY AND MANAGEMENT CONSIDERATIONS