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Imagem Digitalizada ) ) ) Universidade Federal de Uberlândia ) Instituto de Biologia Curso de Ciências Biológicas ) Frequencia e abundância de artrópodos miméticos de Hymenoptera em uma área de cerrado de Uberlândia — MG ))))))))))) ) ) Elisa Queiroz García )))) Prof. Dr. Kleber Del-Claro (orientador) )))) ) “))) Monografia apresentada “a Coordenação do Curso de Ciências Biológicas, da Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, para a obtenção do grau de Bacharel em Ciências Biológicas )))))))))))) Uberlândia — MG Junho — 2001 ') Universidade Federal de Uberlândia Instituto de Biologia Curso de Ciências Biológicas Freqúência e abundância de artrópodos miméticos de Hymenoptera em uma área de cerrado de Uberlândia — MG Elisa Queiroz Garcia Aprovado Pela Banca Examinadora Em “ª / C* É/ Ci Nota WC Prof. Dr. (Hªgªr Óel-Çlajro Orientadorax// Prof. MSc. Rodrigo Filipak Torres Co—orientador Prof. MSc. Wilson Fernandes Réu Júnior Co-orientador Uberlândia, de de 2001. "Malé/axexperm WWW/5,934 Vem/um pºvoar tarda; qmdo-wvõdwârúmadaz, perturbada/, ow forçaóx WWW e; quando o- mal/ n㺠tem; remédio; WãO'O'MWWH/WPÓQWWISê/MWW ala; vida ew mdw () que; sei? vigorou, qmm fall-M feria/' Wõtado: && foge rewnwçow, wfarúwtudode/Outrawwdo-j www mio Miz tempo-! Comº o dye/Mr pregww M EW perdi? WWW jarmdaz; eletmnbé/iwãvy pwãbmeÍwi/víãaá wwwdw Wma/farwquwparwo—abreafcro'sobw ergowmãéa/Wez, exumnoijormdw começw, perwút'mdmªw reparar cr tempº perdido—, para; ele/tambm depow dou mare da' ti”:/udp", brLUWá/ o- sob de nox/av vida/, nw qual; poderá; aprovaitarW av dv passado e; W bowy %prrachçõeyparwo—ftwbwa” 0 Evangelho Segundo o Espiritismo Allan Kardec Ofereço a meus familiares genéticos, espirituais e adquiridos. Agradecimentos Primeiramente,agradeço a Deus por nos ªter permitida uma nova oportunidade. à foda minha família por +er acreditado em mim, principalmente ao meu pai irmãos Geraldo pelo seu eterno apoio, minha mãe Esmeralda por Sua força e meus família, podendo Bethânia e Daniel. Agradeço 'fodos os dias por esiarmos na mesma aprender juntos. Amo muH'o vocês. 2000— à FAPEMIG pelo apoio concedido em dois anos seguidos (1999-2000 e 2001). do Ao genfil Edivane pelo fornecimento dos mapas utilizados e aos estagiários Uberlândia Laboraiório de Climaªrologia e Recursos Hídricos da Universidade Federal de pelos dados meieorolõgicos. Glauco pela Aos meus amigos Adalberfo (Adal) pela "taxonomia das aranhas e científicas e revisão da monografia e por nossas intermináveis conversas sociobiológicas, emocionais. Kleber Del Claro, me Ao meu orientador, pai cien'l'ífico e conselheiro por ler mundo da coloração animal e aceíiado como orien'rada, me mosirar o maravilhoSo E Sua simplifica principalmenªre, pelos puxões de orelha e apoio quando necessários. esposa Maura (adorei :) pudim). e Aos meus co—orien'radores e irmãozinhos Rodrigo por suas “viagens", atenção Wil50n maravilhosa que pela coragem no estudo de mimei'ismo e por ser esta pessoa Tenho a honra de conviver. de Ecologia Aos meus sismos irmãozinhos de coração do Laboraiório nossas e Compor-ramemªal e In'rerações (LECI): os lecianos Jean (Negão; brigas Abner Wil-ron reconciliaçô'es), Flávio (Gaspar; meu companheiro de campo), Tiago (Eux), e ensinado dar os primeiros passos no e os lendários ex—lecianos Luciene (por ªter me a AleSSandro Cláudia, Érika campo), Leonardo (Zóim de Piscina), Vanessa, Lucélia, (Jerry), milhares de publicações. e Fernandinha. Gosto muito de vocês e deSejo muita alegria e muitas Ãos meus amigos da 47“ Turma de Ciências Biológicas pelas aprendizagens Cuecas (Lou, Eux, Hugo, Bicho—Léo e & 46ª, principalmenteaos imªegramªes dos Los Jean, e Luiz). DeniSe (Xaveirinho) e Ás de casa, Luciana (Lu), Flávia (Limãozinho de esªrimação), marado! a séria Ana Crisiina. Valeu por ainda não ier me e à minha família adoiada, Tia Marlene, Tio Enézio, Fernanda, Paulinha, Tiago Rodrigo. Tales pelo incenTivo ao Ao Lúcio por sua eterna calma e ao ex-professor e amigo curso de Ciências Biológicas. Uberlândia Ao curSo de Ciências Biológicas da Universidade Federal de 05waldo, Inácio, repreSenTaclos pelos meus queridos profeSSOres (Ariovaldo, Pedroni, Secre'i'c'irias Eliia, Ana Alice e Ivan), "técnicos (Lázaro e Marcinha) e (Dulce, Syrlene, peSSOal. Helena, Flávia e Maria Angélica) pelo auxílio na minha formação profissional e diverSos Enfim, gos-taria de agradecer a cada pessoa que Se fez imporTan'ie em rápida momentos, porém o guere—guere (manual) da monografia recomenda que eu Seja Todas me nos meus agradecimenfos, parªlama sou muíio grata a as pessoas que incentivaram e me encheram de perguntas sobre o mimei'ismo. Obrigada. (:-* vi ÍNDICE Resumo xi 1. Introdução 1 1.1- Mimetismo no cerrado 5 5 1 . 1- 1. Justificativas 1.2— Objetivos 6 2. MaterialeMétodos 7 3. Resultados 9 4. DiscussãoeConcIusões 17 5. Referências Bibliográficas 22 Apêndices vii ÍNDICE DE TABELAS Tabela 1: Classificação das relações miméticas encontradas no cerrado do Clube Caça e Pesca Itororó de Uberlândia - MG — durante os meses compreendidos entre março de 2000 a março de 2001. 13 viii ÍNDICE DE FIGURAS Figura 1: Percentual de artrópodos miméticos de Hymenoptera — MG encontrados no cerrado do Clube Caça e Pesca Itororó de Uberlândia - 10 entre março de 2000 a março de 2001. Figura 2: Médias de temperatura e precipitação da cidade de Laboratório de Uberlândia — MG — entre março de 2000 a março de 2001. Fonte: Climatologia e Recursos Hídricos da Universidade Federal de Uberlândia. 10 Figura 3: Média de artrópodos miméticos de Hymenoptera (X t 1DP) — coletadas no cerrado do Clube Caça e Pesca Itotoró de Uberlândia — MG durante os meses compreendidos entre março de 2000 a março de 2001. 11 _ Figura 4: Himenópteros utilizados como modelos por artrópodos miméticos coletados no cerrado do Clube Caça e Pesca Itororó de Uberlândia — de MG — durante os meses compreendidos entre março de 2000 a março 2001. 11 encontrados Figura 5: Percentual de ordens de artrópodos miméticos — MG — durante os no cerrado do Clube Caça e Pesca Itororó de Uberlândia 2001. 12 meses compreendidos entre março de 2000 a março de Figura 6: Relações miméticas encontradas no cerrado do Clube Caça e — entre Pesca Itororó de Uberlândia — MG durante os meses compreendidos 13 março de 2000 a março de 2001. cerrado do Clube Figura 7: Exemplo de Mimetismo encontrado no — compreendidos Caça e Pesca Itororó de Uberlândia - MG durante os meses (Formicinae; entre março de 2000 a março de 2001. a) Camponotus sp 14 modelo); b) Sepsissoma sp (Ricardidae; mímico). utilizados Figura 8: Exemplos de modelos aposemáticos (Pompilidae) Pesca Itororó de Uberlândia pelos mímicos coletados no cerrado do Clube Caça e de 2000 a março de — MG — durante os meses compreendidos entre março 15 2001. Figura 9: Exemplos de artrópodos miméticos de Hymenoptera de Uberlândia — MG — encontrados no cerrado do Clube Caça e Pesca Itororó 2000 a de 2001 (a— durante os meses compreendidos entre março de março b- Ricardidae mimética Lepidoptera mimética de vespa, Ctenuchidae; Diptera nectário extrafloral; c— Orthoptera (Sepsissoma sp) de formiga se utilizando de Scaphura nigra mimético de vespa Pompilidae; d— Aranha mimética de formiga ; 16 Hemiptera mimética de fºrmiga). xi Resumo Frequência e abundância de artrópodos miméticos de Hymenoptera em uma área de cerrado de Uberlândia - MG à O mimetismo é um exemplo de evasão “a predação relacionado coloração animal, onde um animal palatável (mímico) se assemelha a outro impalatável (modelo) enganando o predador. Este estudo buscou informações sobre relações miméticas no cerrado. Os objetivos principais foram: realizar um levantamento das espécies de artrópodos miméticos de Hymenoptera, quantificar e qualificar essas relações ao longo do ano e manter coleções dos animais coletados que serão depositados no Museu de Biodiversidade do Cerrado (MBC- UFU). Este estudo foi conduzido entre março de 2000 a março de 2001, na área de cerrado sentido restrito da Reserva Florestal do Clube Caça e Pesca Itororó de Uberlândia. Foram coletados manualmente e através de rede entomológica, animais que estivessem relacionados à relação mimética e anotados o local, horário, ambiente, altura em relação ao substrato, características do dia, se o inseto era mímico e/ou modelo, se havia mímico ou modelo próximo e o comportamento do animal coletado, em um transecto de 1,5 km percorrido semanalmente. Foram coletados 465 artrópodos, dos quais 15,4% foram considerados miméticos e 63% modelos, destacando-se o Mimetismo Batesiano neste sistema. Encontrou-se lepidópteros Ctenuchidae, neurópteros Mantispidae Sphecidae e dípteros Syrphidae e Stratiomyidae mimetizando vespas Pompilidae, mimetizando abelhas e Vespidae; dípteros Tabanidae, Tachinidae e Syrphidae xii sociais e solitárias; e dípteros Ricardidae, aracnídeos Salticidae, Clubioniidae e Aphantochilidae, ninfas de mantódeos e de hemípteros se utilizando de formigas como modelos. Conclui-se que mimetismo pode representar um excelente exemplo da ação não-letal de um predador sobre as presas, na medida em que pode ser classificado como uma ação parasitária do mímico sobre o modelo. Apoio: FAPEMIG — bolsa IC Palavras-chaves: Mimetismo, coloração animal, ecologia comportamental, artrópodos, cerrado 1 — Introdução Desde a segunda metade do século XIX, naturalistas como Darwin, Wallace, Bates, Múller e outros deram um grande impulso no estudo da coloração animal, enfocando tanto a sua função quanto os mecanismos que a mantêm na natureza (BATES, 1862; DEL-CLARO & VASCONCELLOS—NETO, 1992; DEL—CLARO, 1996; VASCONCELLOS-NETO& GONZAGA, 2000). Atualmente, um conhecimento
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