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Downloaded on 2017-02-12T14:01:16Z Genteel ~Volutionaries: the Lives Ofanna and Thomas Haslam Title Genteel revolutionaries: the lives of Anna and Thomas Haslam Author(s) Quinlan, Carmel Publication date 1999 Original citation Quinlan, C. 1999. Genteel revolutionaries: the lives of Anna and Thomas Haslam. PhD Thesis, University College Cork. Type of publication Doctoral thesis Link to publisher's http://library.ucc.ie/record=b1301186~S0 version Access to the full text of the published version may require a subscription. Rights © 1999, Carmel Quinlan. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/ Embargo information No embargo required Item downloaded http://hdl.handle.net/10468/1612 from Downloaded on 2017-02-12T14:01:16Z genteel ~volutionaries: The Lives ofAnna and Thomas Haslam A thesis submitted for the Degree ofDoctor ofPhilosophy to the National University ofIreland by Carmel Quinlan. Professor Tom Dunne, Department ofHistory, National University ofIreland, Cork. August 1999 In memory of ora Quinlan Contents Abbreviations (ii) Introduction I Chapter 1 8 Let us meet together' Chapter 2 Was! the practice fails' Chapter 3 'Connubial Temperance' Chapter 4 1I8 'Mrs. Haslam has worked weD in Dublin' Chapter 5 'Full ofpersnJerance and buoyant energy' Chapter 6 'Clear Brains and Able Hantl.s' Conclusion 280 Appendices Bibliography 288 Acknowledgements My supervisor Professor Tom Dunne deserves my sincere gratitude. His enthusiasm for the project, his practical help and incisive criticism have been a constant source of encouragement. To Rachel Hutchinson who meticulously copy-edited the thesis, I am deeply grateful. My colleagues in the Boole Library have been extemely helpful. To Jill Lucey and Phil O'Sullivan ofInter Library Loans who provided a superb service in locating obscure works, I extend my thanks. I am indebted to John Cox for his generous help with the printing ofthe thesis. A special thank you to Pat Connolly and the staffofSpecial Collections for their help. To Elizabeth Pettit for her translation from Welsh, to Joe Murphy and Trudy Ahem, thank you. My gratitude to Breda Long and my friends in the Cataloguing Department for their encouragement and patience. Thanks to Clare O'Halloran for keeping me going with unwavering support and to Liz Steiner-Scott for lending me her books. I am especially grateful to Mary Cullen for allowing me access to the archive ofthe Irish Housewives' Association which was vital to my research. To Maria Luddy for kindly sending me material including Thomas Haslam's rare pamphlet A Few Words on Prostitution I send my thanks. Cliona Murphy was most generous with her help, encouragement and friendship. Richard Harrison was enormously helpful in sharing his knowledge ofthe Society ofFriends with me and in alerting me to obscure sources. Michael Ahem helped me discover many works on Quakers and kindly shared the results ofhis extensive research with me. My gratitude to staff in the libraries I consulted in Ireland and England. A special thank you to Verity Murdoch and all the Friends in DFHL. David Doughan ofthe Fawcett Library, a living encyclopaedia ofthe women's movement, generously and entertainingly shared his knowledge with me. The staffofGirton College Library Cambridge were especially helpful and hospitable. I am indebted to the International Federation ofUniversity Women who awarded me the Winifred Cullis Fellowship which facilitated my research in London. My gratitude especially to Deirdre O'Shea and Mary Horkan ofthe Irish Federation. Finally to my family who have always helped and encouraged me, my love and thanks. Abbreviations. AH Anna Haslam AOSA Ackworth Old Scholars Association BL British Library CAISM Central Association ofIrish Schoolmistresses and Other Ladies Interested in Education CDA Contagious Diseases Acts DFHL Dublin Friends' Historical Library DWSA Dublin Women's Suffrage Association FJ Freeman's Journal HSS Hanna Sheehy Skeffington IAWG Irish Association ofWomen Graduates IC Irish Citizen ICW International Council ofWomen IFWL Irish Women's Franchise League IHA Irish Housewives' Association ILP Independent Labour Party IT Irish Times IWCLGA Irishwomen Citizens' and Local Government Association IWFL Irish Women's Franchise League IWSA International Woman Suffrage Alliance IWSF Irish Women's Suffrage Federation IWSLGA Irish Women's Suffrage and Local Government Association. LNA Ladies National Association MWFL The Munster Women's Franchise League NARCDA National Association for the Repeal ofthe Contagious Diseases Acts. NAI National Archives ofIreland NLI National Library ofIreland. NSWS National Society for Women's Suffrage NUWSS National Union ofWomen's Suffrage Societies NUWW National Union ofWomen Workers ofGreat Britain and Ireland TJH Thomas Joseph Haslam WFL Women's Franchise League WSPU Women's Social and Political Union u Introduction The image of Anna Haslam going to the polls in 1918, surrounded by flowers and flags, flanked by a disparate crew of unionist, constitutional nationalist and Sinn Fein women united in her honour to celebrate the victory of the vote, has a powerful resonance. That the election represented a resounding victory for Sinn Fein and the corresponding death rattle ofunionism adds the dimension ofparadox to the occasion. Anna was almost ninety when she first cast her vote. Born in the year of Catholic Emancipation, active in relief work during the Great Famine, life-long campaigner for social reform, the scene of her triumph was marked by the trappings of modernity. She was driven by motor-car to vote for the unionist candidate and her arrival at the polling station was filmed by a news camera crew. The scene is allegorical, an image of the birth of a new Ireland in which women, despite their representational victory, were destined to playa reduced, rather than an increased role. The small indomitable figure at the centre ofthe stage, acknowledging the homage paid to her for her part in the battle for votes for women, was about to cast her vote in an election which signalled the breaking of the link with Westminster which she did not want; she represented not only victory, but the dying fall ofan older Ireland, an Ireland in which people of different, and sometimes opposing political loyalties, and of a variety of religious persuasions, worked together for a common cause. Yet, here too, is paradox. This old woman, pacifist, law-abiding was modem and forward looking in outlook, more socially radical than the Young Turks who were overthrowing the Ireland to which she gave allegiance. This image, discovered during research for an undergraduate essay, was the inspiration which influenced the choice oftopic for the thesis, which is, in essence, an attempt to uncover the history ofAnna and Thomas Haslam.. An obituary for Thomas Haslam, who died in 1917, revealed that the Haslam papers were deposited before his death in the National Library ofIreland. A further bibliographical reference in a work of Irish suffrage cited a Haslam Archive in the British Library. Initially I researched the intellectual and social background which influenced the Haslams' lives and thinking, and submitted a thesis proposal, based on the certainty that an archive existed. A request to the National Library for permission to consult the Haslam papers elicited a negative response - no such papers were deposited there. 1 A call to the British Library also drew a blank; there was no Haslam archive but there were letters in the Marie Stopes Collection from Anna Haslam. A visit to the library to consult these letters whetted the appetite for knowledge of the Haslams. The personality of Anna, outspoken, open-minded, valiant in old age, emerged from her letters. Her interest in birth control, and the information that Thomas had written on the topic suggested another avenue ofresearch. The discovery of the existence of a letter from John Stuart Mill to Thomas Haslam in the University of Hull Library was fortuitous as it led to a cache of letters and a copy of The Marriage Problem, 2 a rare work on birth control penned by Thomas. The Marie Stopes papers in the Contemporary Medical Archive Centre, Wellcome Institute for the History of Medicine, also contained correspondence between Anna Haslam and Marie Stopes. The publication of an article on Anna Haslam in a biographical collection in 1995, revealed that some papers, including the minute book of the Haslams' suffrage association had survived.3 The writer, Mary Cullen, generously deposited the material, which was then in her care, in the Russell Library, NUl, Maynooth for consultation. This collection included the surviving papers of the IWSLGA and a short manuscript account of her life in Anna's handwriting and also identified the suffrage writings ofThomas. An enquiry to the Dr. Williams's Library, London, following up an obscure reference to an unnamed 'Irish Friend' in Judith Walkowitz's work on the Contagious Diseases Acts turned up a hitherto unknown, anonymous work by Thomas Haslam.4 The correspondence, mentioned above, identified Thomas as the author of another anonymous work called Duties ofParents and also alerted me to the fact that Thomas I The staffofthe NLI are satisfied that the papers were never deposited there. It is interesting to note that published suffrage material in the NLI (journals and conference reports etc.) all bear AH's name. In correspondence with Marie Stopes, Anna commenting on correspondence on birth control does not mention any material on deposit in the NLI. Stopes, however, wrote on her copy of The Marriage Problem: 'Thomas Joseph Haslam ... Diaries, letters, Mss etc. in the National Library of Ireland.' A letter received from Dublin Friends' Historical Library states that 'the legal papers belonging to the Haslam Estate appear to have been destroyed many years ago when there was a big 'paper drive'. This information came from a solicitor now decd.' 19 Sept. 1996. 2 <Edipus. [Thomas 1. Haslam). The Marriage Problem. (Dublin: Webb. 1868). 3 Mary Cullen. 'Anna Maria Haslam (1829-1922)'. Mary Cullen and Maria Luddy. (eds.) Women, Power and Consciousness in 19th-Century Ireland.
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