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Pest Categorisation of Saperda Tridentata

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Pest Categorisation of Saperda Tridentata SCIENTIFIC OPINION ADOPTED: 20 November 2019 doi: 10.2903/j.efsa.2020.5940 Pest categorisation of Saperda tridentata EFSA Panel on Plant Health (PLH), Claude Bragard, Katharina Dehnen-Schmutz, Francesco Di Serio, Paolo Gonthier, Marie-Agnes Jacques, Josep Anton Jaques Miret, Annemarie Fejer Justesen, Alan MacLeod, Christer Sven Magnusson, Panagiotis Milonas, Juan A Navas-Cortes, Stephen Parnell, Roel Potting, Philippe Lucien Reignault, Wopke Van der Werf, Antonio Vicent Civera, Jonathan Yuen, Lucia Zappala, Hugh Evans, Andrea Maiorano and Hans-Hermann Thulke Abstract The EFSA Panel on Plant Health (PLHP) performed a pest categorisation of Saperda tridentata (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) for the EU. S. tridentata (elm borer) occurs in eastern North America. Ulmus americana and U. rubra are almost exclusively reported as hosts, apart from two 19th century records from the USA of larvae from Acer sp. and Populus sp. The Panel does not exclude the possibility of a post-entry shift in host range to European Ulmus or Acer and Populus. S. tridentata infests trees that are already weakened, and severe infestations can result in tree death. S. tridentata occurs across a range of climate types in North America that occur also in Europe. Between 2016 and 2019, S. tridentata larvae were intercepted with North American Ulmus logs imported into the EU. In the EU, American Ulmus species are mainly found in arboreta and as ornamental specimen trees. If only North American Ulmus are hosts, establishment is unlikely. However, if European Ulmus, Populus or Acer species become hosts, establishment is much more likely, with impact confined to already weakened trees. The information currently available on geographical distribution, biology, impact and potential entry pathways of S. tridentata has been evaluated against the criteria for it to qualify as potential Union quarantine pest or as Union regulated non-quarantine pest (RNQP). Since the pest is not reported in EU, it does not meet the criteria assessed by EFSA to qualify as potential Union RNQP. S. tridentata satisfies the criterion for quarantine pest regarding entry into the EU territory. Due to the scarcity of data, the Panel is unable to conclude if S. tridentata meets the post-entry criteria of establishment, spread and potential impact. © 2020 European Food Safety Authority. EFSA Journal published by John Wiley and Sons Ltd on behalf of European Food Safety Authority. Keywords: Elm borer, longhorn beetle, pest risk, plant health, plant pest, quarantine, host range uncertainty Requestor: European Commission Question number: EFSA-Q-2019-00170 Correspondence: [email protected] www.efsa.europa.eu/efsajournal EFSA Journal 2020;18(1):5940 Saperda tridentata: Pest categorisation Panel members: Claude Bragard, Katharina Dehnen-Schmutz, Francesco Di Serio, Paolo Gonthier, Marie-Agnes Jacques, Josep Anton Jaques Miret, Annemarie Fejer Justesen, Alan MacLeod, Christer Sven Magnusson, Panagiotis Milonas, Juan A Navas-Cortes, Stephen Parnell, Roel Potting, Philippe L. Reignault, Hans-Hermann Thulke, Wopke Van der Werf, Antonio Vicent, Jonathan Yuen and Lucia Zappala. Acknowledgements: The Panel thanks for the information and/or data provided to this scientific output: Walter Baruzzo (Regione Liguria Phytosanitary Service, Italy), Martin Damus (Canadian Food Inspection Agency), Dalia Del Nista (Regione Toscana Phytosanitary Service, Italy), Massimo Fiorini (Federlegnoarredo, Italy), Gianni Franchini (Regione Toscana Phytosanitary Service, Italy), Patrizia Gasparini (CREA-Research Centre for Forestry and Wood, Trento, Italy), Diego Guidotti (Aedit s.r.l., Italy), Robert Haack (USDA, Forest Service Northern Research Station, US), Paolo Marseglia (Regione Toscana Phytosanitary Service, Italy), Christian Morasso (Morasso Consulenze & Perizie), Guelfi Moreno (Regione Liguria Phytosanitary Service, Italy), Davide Paradiso (Conlegno Consortium, Italy), Marco Pattuelli (Regione Emilia Romagna, Italy), Fabrizio Pennacchio (CREA-DC, Florence, Italy), Domenico Rizzo (Regione Toscana Phytosanitary Service, Italy), Suzanne Sharrock (Botanic Gardens Conservation International), Eduardo Ucciero (Regione Campania Phytosanitary Service, Italy), Marco Vettorazzo (Regione Veneto Phytosanitary Service, Italy). EFSA acknowledges all European competent institutions, Member State bodies and other organisations that provided data for this scientific output. Suggested citation: EFSA PLH Panel (EFSA Panel on Plant Health), Bragard C, Dehnen-Schmutz K, Di Serio F, Gonthier P, Jacques M-A, Jaques Miret JA, Justesen AF, MacLeod A, Magnusson CS, Milonas P, Navas-Cortes JA, Parnell S, Potting R, Reignault PL, Van der Werf W, Civera AV, Yuen J, ZappalaL, Evans H, Maiorano A and Thulke H-H, 2020. Scientific Opinion on the pest categorisation of Saperda tridentata. EFSA Journal 2020;18(1):5940, 59 pp. https://doi.org/10.2903/j.efsa.2020.5940 ISSN: 1831-4732 © 2020 European Food Safety Authority. EFSA Journal published by John Wiley and Sons Ltd on behalf of European Food Safety Authority. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivs License, which permits use and distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited and no modifications or adaptations are made. Reproduction of the images listed below is prohibited and permission must be sought directly from the copyright holder: Figure 1: © EPPO The EFSA Journal is a publication of the European Food Safety Authority, an agency of the European Union. www.efsa.europa.eu/efsajournal 2 EFSA Journal 2020;18(1):5940 Saperda tridentata: Pest categorisation Table of Contents Abstract................................................................................................................................................... 1 1. Introduction................................................................................................................................4 1.1. Background and Terms of Reference as provided by the requestor.................................................. 4 1.1.1. Background ................................................................................................................................4 1.1.2. Terms of Reference ..................................................................................................................... 4 1.1.2.1. Background ................................................................................................................................4 1.2. Interpretation of the Terms of Reference....................................................................................... 4 2. Data and methodologies .............................................................................................................. 5 2.1. Data........................................................................................................................................... 5 2.1.1. Literature search ......................................................................................................................... 5 2.1.2. Database search ......................................................................................................................... 5 2.2. Methodologies............................................................................................................................. 5 3. Pest categorisation ...................................................................................................................... 6 3.1. Identity and biology of the pest.................................................................................................... 6 3.1.1. Identity and taxonomy................................................................................................................. 6 3.1.2. Biology of the pest ...................................................................................................................... 7 3.1.2.1. Intraspecific diversity................................................................................................................... 7 3.1.3. Detection and identification of the pest......................................................................................... 7 3.2. Pest distribution .......................................................................................................................... 8 3.2.1. Pest distribution outside the EU.................................................................................................... 8 3.2.2. Pest distribution in the EU............................................................................................................ 8 3.3. Regulatory status ........................................................................................................................ 9 3.3.1. Council Directive 2000/29/EC ....................................................................................................... 9 3.3.2. Legislation addressing the hosts of Saperda tridentata ................................................................... 9 3.4. Entry, establishment and spread in the EU .................................................................................... 10 3.4.1. Host range.................................................................................................................................. 10 3.4.2. Entry .......................................................................................................................................... 12 3.4.2.1. Interceptions .............................................................................................................................
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