Russian Luna-26 Orbiter Mission: Science and Implementation
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No. 40. the System of Lunar Craters, Quadrant Ii Alice P
NO. 40. THE SYSTEM OF LUNAR CRATERS, QUADRANT II by D. W. G. ARTHUR, ALICE P. AGNIERAY, RUTH A. HORVATH ,tl l C.A. WOOD AND C. R. CHAPMAN \_9 (_ /_) March 14, 1964 ABSTRACT The designation, diameter, position, central-peak information, and state of completeness arc listed for each discernible crater in the second lunar quadrant with a diameter exceeding 3.5 km. The catalog contains more than 2,000 items and is illustrated by a map in 11 sections. his Communication is the second part of The However, since we also have suppressed many Greek System of Lunar Craters, which is a catalog in letters used by these authorities, there was need for four parts of all craters recognizable with reasonable some care in the incorporation of new letters to certainty on photographs and having diameters avoid confusion. Accordingly, the Greek letters greater than 3.5 kilometers. Thus it is a continua- added by us are always different from those that tion of Comm. LPL No. 30 of September 1963. The have been suppressed. Observers who wish may use format is the same except for some minor changes the omitted symbols of Blagg and Miiller without to improve clarity and legibility. The information in fear of ambiguity. the text of Comm. LPL No. 30 therefore applies to The photographic coverage of the second quad- this Communication also. rant is by no means uniform in quality, and certain Some of the minor changes mentioned above phases are not well represented. Thus for small cra- have been introduced because of the particular ters in certain longitudes there are no good determi- nature of the second lunar quadrant, most of which nations of the diameters, and our values are little is covered by the dark areas Mare Imbrium and better than rough estimates. -
Glossary Glossary
Glossary Glossary Albedo A measure of an object’s reflectivity. A pure white reflecting surface has an albedo of 1.0 (100%). A pitch-black, nonreflecting surface has an albedo of 0.0. The Moon is a fairly dark object with a combined albedo of 0.07 (reflecting 7% of the sunlight that falls upon it). The albedo range of the lunar maria is between 0.05 and 0.08. The brighter highlands have an albedo range from 0.09 to 0.15. Anorthosite Rocks rich in the mineral feldspar, making up much of the Moon’s bright highland regions. Aperture The diameter of a telescope’s objective lens or primary mirror. Apogee The point in the Moon’s orbit where it is furthest from the Earth. At apogee, the Moon can reach a maximum distance of 406,700 km from the Earth. Apollo The manned lunar program of the United States. Between July 1969 and December 1972, six Apollo missions landed on the Moon, allowing a total of 12 astronauts to explore its surface. Asteroid A minor planet. A large solid body of rock in orbit around the Sun. Banded crater A crater that displays dusky linear tracts on its inner walls and/or floor. 250 Basalt A dark, fine-grained volcanic rock, low in silicon, with a low viscosity. Basaltic material fills many of the Moon’s major basins, especially on the near side. Glossary Basin A very large circular impact structure (usually comprising multiple concentric rings) that usually displays some degree of flooding with lava. The largest and most conspicuous lava- flooded basins on the Moon are found on the near side, and most are filled to their outer edges with mare basalts. -
Relative Ages
CONTENTS Page Introduction ...................................................... 123 Stratigraphic nomenclature ........................................ 123 Superpositions ................................................... 125 Mare-crater relations .......................................... 125 Crater-crater relations .......................................... 127 Basin-crater relations .......................................... 127 Mapping conventions .......................................... 127 Crater dating .................................................... 129 General principles ............................................. 129 Size-frequency relations ........................................ 129 Morphology of large craters .................................... 129 Morphology of small craters, by Newell J. Fask .................. 131 D, method .................................................... 133 Summary ........................................................ 133 table 7.1). The first three of these sequences, which are older than INTRODUCTION the visible mare materials, are also dominated internally by the The goals of both terrestrial and lunar stratigraphy are to inte- deposits of basins. The fourth (youngest) sequence consists of mare grate geologic units into a stratigraphic column applicable over the and crater materials. This chapter explains the general methods of whole planet and to calibrate this column with absolute ages. The stratigraphic analysis that are employed in the next six chapters first step in reconstructing -
Testing Hypotheses for the Origin of Steep Slope of Lunar Size-Frequency Distribution for Small Craters
CORE Metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk Provided by Springer - Publisher Connector Earth Planets Space, 55, 39–51, 2003 Testing hypotheses for the origin of steep slope of lunar size-frequency distribution for small craters Noriyuki Namiki1 and Chikatoshi Honda2 1Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Kyushu University, Hakozaki 6-10-1, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan 2The Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Yoshinodai 3-1-1, Sagamihara 229-8510, Japan (Received June 13, 2001; Revised June 24, 2002; Accepted January 6, 2003) The crater size-frequency distribution of lunar maria is characterized by the change in slope of the population between 0.3 and 4 km in crater diameter. The origin of the steep segment in the distribution is not well understood. Nonetheless, craters smaller than a few km in diameter are widely used to estimate the crater retention age for areas so small that the number of larger craters is statistically insufficient. Future missions to the moon, which will obtain high resolution images, will provide a new, large data set of small craters. Thus it is important to review current hypotheses for their distributions before future missions are launched. We examine previous and new arguments and data bearing on the admixture of endogenic and secondary craters, horizontal heterogeneity of the substratum, and the size-frequency distribution of the primary production function. The endogenic crater and heterogeneous substratum hypotheses are seen to have little evidence in their favor, and can be eliminated. The primary production hypothesis fails to explain a wide variation of the size-frequency distribution of Apollo panoramic photographs. -
DMAAC – February 1973
LUNAR TOPOGRAPHIC ORTHOPHOTOMAP (LTO) AND LUNAR ORTHOPHOTMAP (LO) SERIES (Published by DMATC) Lunar Topographic Orthophotmaps and Lunar Orthophotomaps Scale: 1:250,000 Projection: Transverse Mercator Sheet Size: 25.5”x 26.5” The Lunar Topographic Orthophotmaps and Lunar Orthophotomaps Series are the first comprehensive and continuous mapping to be accomplished from Apollo Mission 15-17 mapping photographs. This series is also the first major effort to apply recent advances in orthophotography to lunar mapping. Presently developed maps of this series were designed to support initial lunar scientific investigations primarily employing results of Apollo Mission 15-17 data. Individual maps of this series cover 4 degrees of lunar latitude and 5 degrees of lunar longitude consisting of 1/16 of the area of a 1:1,000,000 scale Lunar Astronautical Chart (LAC) (Section 4.2.1). Their apha-numeric identification (example – LTO38B1) consists of the designator LTO for topographic orthophoto editions or LO for orthophoto editions followed by the LAC number in which they fall, followed by an A, B, C or D designator defining the pertinent LAC quadrant and a 1, 2, 3, or 4 designator defining the specific sub-quadrant actually covered. The following designation (250) identifies the sheets as being at 1:250,000 scale. The LTO editions display 100-meter contours, 50-meter supplemental contours and spot elevations in a red overprint to the base, which is lithographed in black and white. LO editions are identical except that all relief information is omitted and selenographic graticule is restricted to border ticks, presenting an umencumbered view of lunar features imaged by the photographic base. -
Appendix I Lunar and Martian Nomenclature
APPENDIX I LUNAR AND MARTIAN NOMENCLATURE LUNAR AND MARTIAN NOMENCLATURE A large number of names of craters and other features on the Moon and Mars, were accepted by the IAU General Assemblies X (Moscow, 1958), XI (Berkeley, 1961), XII (Hamburg, 1964), XIV (Brighton, 1970), and XV (Sydney, 1973). The names were suggested by the appropriate IAU Commissions (16 and 17). In particular the Lunar names accepted at the XIVth and XVth General Assemblies were recommended by the 'Working Group on Lunar Nomenclature' under the Chairmanship of Dr D. H. Menzel. The Martian names were suggested by the 'Working Group on Martian Nomenclature' under the Chairmanship of Dr G. de Vaucouleurs. At the XVth General Assembly a new 'Working Group on Planetary System Nomenclature' was formed (Chairman: Dr P. M. Millman) comprising various Task Groups, one for each particular subject. For further references see: [AU Trans. X, 259-263, 1960; XIB, 236-238, 1962; Xlffi, 203-204, 1966; xnffi, 99-105, 1968; XIVB, 63, 129, 139, 1971; Space Sci. Rev. 12, 136-186, 1971. Because at the recent General Assemblies some small changes, or corrections, were made, the complete list of Lunar and Martian Topographic Features is published here. Table 1 Lunar Craters Abbe 58S,174E Balboa 19N,83W Abbot 6N,55E Baldet 54S, 151W Abel 34S,85E Balmer 20S,70E Abul Wafa 2N,ll7E Banachiewicz 5N,80E Adams 32S,69E Banting 26N,16E Aitken 17S,173E Barbier 248, 158E AI-Biruni 18N,93E Barnard 30S,86E Alden 24S, lllE Barringer 29S,151W Aldrin I.4N,22.1E Bartels 24N,90W Alekhin 68S,131W Becquerei -
User Guide to 1:250,000 Scale Lunar Maps
CORE https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19750010068Metadata, citation 2020-03-22T22:26:24+00:00Z and similar papers at core.ac.uk Provided by NASA Technical Reports Server USER GUIDE TO 1:250,000 SCALE LUNAR MAPS (NASA-CF-136753) USE? GJIDE TO l:i>,, :LC h75- lu1+3 SCALE LUNAR YAPS (Lumoalcs Feseclrch Ltu., Ottewa (Ontario) .) 24 p KC 53.25 CSCL ,33 'JIACA~S G3/31 11111 DANNY C, KINSLER Lunar Science Instltute 3303 NASA Road $1 Houston, TX 77058 Telephone: 7131488-5200 Cable Address: LUtiSI USER GUIDE TO 1: 250,000 SCALE LUNAR MAPS GENERAL In 1972 the NASA Lunar Programs Office initiated the Apollo Photographic Data Analysis Program. The principal point of this program was a detailed scientific analysis of the orbital and surface experiments data derived from Apollo missions 15, 16, and 17. One of the requirements of this program was the production of detailed photo base maps at a useable scale. NASA in conjunction with the Defense Mapping Agency (DMA) commenced a mapping program in early 1973 that would lead to the production of the necessary maps based on the need for certain areas. This paper is designed to present in outline form the neces- sary background informatiox or users to become familiar with the program. MAP FORMAT * The scale chosen for the project was 1:250,000 . The re- search being done required a scale that Principal Investigators (PI'S) using orbital photography could use, but would also serve PI'S doing surface photographic investigations. Each map sheet covers an area four degrees north/south by five degrees east/west. -
37131054409156D.Pdf
YEZAD A Romance of the Unknown By GEORGE BABCOCK PUBLISHED BY CO-OPERATIVE PUBLISHING CO., INC. BRIDGEPORT, CONN. NEW YORK, N. Y. Copyright, November, 1922, by GEORGE BABCOCK All rights reserved To MY S1sTER, EVA STANTON (BABCOCK) BROWNING., this story 1s affectionately inscribed. GEORGE BABCOCK. Brooklyn, N. Y. November, 19ff. CHARACTERS l JOHN BACON, Aviator. 2 JuLIA BACON, His Wife. 3 PAUL BACON, Son. 4 ELLEN BACON, Daughter. 5 AnoLPH VON PosEN, Inventor, in love. 6 SALLY T1MPOLE, the Cook, also in love. 7 JASPER PERKINS } 8 SILAS CUMMINGS The old quaint cronies. 9 NANCY PRINDLE 10 DOCTOR PETER KLOUSE. 11 HESTER DOUGLASS} 12 F IN LEY D OU GLASS Grandchildren of the Doctor. 13 SAM WILLIS, the dreadful liar. 14 WILLIAM THADDEUS TITUS, Champion of several trades. 15 WILLIAM GRENNELL, the Village Blacksmith. 16 MINNA BACON } 17 B RENDA B ACON Children of Paul and Hester. 18 RoBERT DouGLAss, Son of Finley and Ellen. 19 CHARLOTTE Dun LEY, a Maiden of Mars. 20 CHRISTOPHER SPENCER, Astronomer of Mars. 21 FELIX CLAUDIO, the Devil's Son. 22 DocToR NATHAN ELIZABRAT of Mars. 23 MARCOMET, a Guard of the Great White \Vay. 24 JOHN BACON'S DUALITY. Note:-A Glossary of coined and unusual words and their mean ing, used by the author in Yezad, will be found on pages 449 to 463. CONTENTS CHAPTER PAGE I THE PRICE OF PROGRESS 1 II THE GHOST • 20 III NEW NEIGHBORS 33 IV DOCTOR KLOUSE 45 V HEREDITY VS. KLOUSE PHILOSOPHY 52 VI A DREADFUL LIAR • 57 VII AMONG THE ABORIGINES 71 VIII AN ODD EXPERIMENT . -
Emplacement of Lunar Crater Deposits; V
EMPLACEMENT OF LUNAR CRATER DEPOSITS; V . R . Oberbeck, NASA-Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, Calif. , 94035, and R . H . Morrison, LFE Corp . , Richmond, Calif. 94804. Laboratory impact studies have provided the basis for theoretical models of ejection, deposition of ejecta, erosion of pre-existing terrain, and for the origin of crater and basin deposits (1). For example, calculations indicate as much as 75% of the formation at the Apollo 14 site may be local material, not Imbrium ejecta; and model results explain the major structural features of the Fra ?ilauro Formation (2). Until now, no detailed study has related the major topographic elements of lunar crater deposits to secondary craters. The purpose of this paper is to describe the topography of parts of the continuous deposits of the lunar craters Delisle and Diophantus, to use ballistic models to calculate the per- centages of local material in the crater deposits, and to calculate the percentages of local material if the craters had been formed on Earth. The model results adjusted for terrestrial gravity are compared with recently published drill core results from the Ries Crater deposits (3) as an independent check of the model. Delisle and Diophantus, 25 km and 17 km in diameter, respectively, (formed in the basalt lava flows of Mare Imbrium) are relatively unmodified by post- formation degradational processes and are large enough that topographic variations within the continuous deposits are easily resolved on the 1: 25,000 scale topographic maps produced from Apollo panoramic photographs. The map areas are well inside the mapped boundaries where pre-existing craters were obliterated. -
2021 Finalist Directory
2021 Finalist Directory April 29, 2021 ANIMAL SCIENCES ANIM001 Shrimply Clean: Effects of Mussels and Prawn on Water Quality https://projectboard.world/isef/project/51706 Trinity Skaggs, 11th; Wildwood High School, Wildwood, FL ANIM003 Investigation on High Twinning Rates in Cattle Using Sanger Sequencing https://projectboard.world/isef/project/51833 Lilly Figueroa, 10th; Mancos High School, Mancos, CO ANIM004 Utilization of Mechanically Simulated Kangaroo Care as a Novel Homeostatic Method to Treat Mice Carrying a Remutation of the Ppp1r13l Gene as a Model for Humans with Cardiomyopathy https://projectboard.world/isef/project/51789 Nathan Foo, 12th; West Shore Junior/Senior High School, Melbourne, FL ANIM005T Behavior Study and Development of Artificial Nest for Nurturing Assassin Bugs (Sycanus indagator Stal.) Beneficial in Biological Pest Control https://projectboard.world/isef/project/51803 Nonthaporn Srikha, 10th; Natthida Benjapiyaporn, 11th; Pattarapoom Tubtim, 12th; The Demonstration School of Khon Kaen University (Modindaeng), Muang Khonkaen, Khonkaen, Thailand ANIM006 The Survival of the Fairy: An In-Depth Survey into the Behavior and Life Cycle of the Sand Fairy Cicada, Year 3 https://projectboard.world/isef/project/51630 Antonio Rajaratnam, 12th; Redeemer Baptist School, North Parramatta, NSW, Australia ANIM007 Novel Geotaxic Data Show Botanical Therapeutics Slow Parkinson’s Disease in A53T and ParkinKO Models https://projectboard.world/isef/project/51887 Kristi Biswas, 10th; Paxon School for Advanced Studies, Jacksonville, -
Earth-Based 12.6-Cm Wavelength Radar Mapping of the Moon: New Views of Impact Melt Distribution and Mare Physical Properties
Icarus 208 (2010) 565–573 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Icarus journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/icarus Earth-based 12.6-cm wavelength radar mapping of the Moon: New views of impact melt distribution and mare physical properties Bruce A. Campbell a,*, Lynn M. Carter a, Donald B. Campbell b, Michael Nolan c, John Chandler d, Rebecca R. Ghent e, B. Ray Hawke f, Ross F. Anderson a, Kassandra Wells b a Center for Earth and Planetary Studies, Smithsonian Institution, MRC 315, PO Box 37012, Washington, DC 20013-7012, USA b National Astronomy and Ionosphere Center, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA c Arecibo Observatory, HCO3 Box 53995, Arecibo, PR 00612, USA d Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, 60 Garden St., Cambridge, MA 02138, USA e Department of Geology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada f HIGP, University of Hawaii, 1680 East–West Road, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA article info abstract Article history: We present results of a campaign to map much of the Moon’s near side using the 12.6-cm radar transmitter Received 2 December 2009 at Arecibo Observatory and receivers at the Green Bank Telescope. These data have a single-look spatial res- Revised 27 February 2010 olution of about 40 m, with final maps averaged to an 80-m, four-look product to reduce image speckle. Accepted 11 March 2010 Focused processing is used to obtain this high spatial resolution over the entire region illuminated by the Available online 16 March 2010 Arecibo beam. The transmitted signal is circularly polarized, and we receive reflections in both senses of cir- cular polarization; measurements of receiver thermal noise during periods with no lunar echoes allow well- Keywords: calibrated estimates of the circular polarization ratio (CPR) and the four-element Stokes vector. -
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ASTRONOMERS FROM ANTIQUITY PPAGEage 164 MARCH/APRIL 2019 $5 Probing for Planets Space agencies prepare next generation of exoplanet hunters THE UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS AT AUSTIN Mc DONALD OBSERVATORY STARDATE STAFF MARCH/APRIL • Vol. 47, No. 2 EXECUTIVE EDITOR Damond Benningfield EDITOR Rebecca Johnson ART DIRECTOR C.J. Duncan EATURES EPARtmENts TECHNICAL EDITOR F D Dr. Tom Barnes CONTRIBUTING EDITOR Alan MacRobert 4 Poets, Philosophers, Queens, Astronomers MERLIN 3 MARKETING MANAGER Casey Walker Early women astronomers drafted MARKETING ASSISTANT calendars, plotted eclipses, built SKY CALENDAR MARCH/APRIL 10 Joanne Duffy observatories, and helped shape humanity’s early understanding of the THE STARS IN MARCH/APRIL 12 universe For information about StarDate or other programs of the McDonald Observatory By Jasmin Fox-Skelly Education and Outreach Office, contact ASTROMISCELLANY 14 us at 512-471-5285. For subscription orders only, call 800-STARDATE. 16 Kepler Passes the Torch ASTRONEWS 20 StarDate (ISSN 0889-3098) is published As a successful planet-hunting bimonthly by the McDonald Observatory Resetting the Clock on Saturn’s Rings Education and Outreach Office, The Uni- spacecraft came to the end of its mission, versity of Texas at Austin, 2515 Speedway, Chasing Away Planet Nine Stop C1402, Austin, TX 78712. © 2019 a successor took flight. Several others are The University of Texas at Austin. Annual expected to follow in the next decade Chillin’ Under the Sun subscription rate is $26 in the United States. Subscriptions may be paid for using By Rebecca Johnson Birth of a Black Hole, or Death by Black Hole? credit card or money orders. The University of Texas cannot accept checks drawn on Gaia Spies Galaxy-Hopping Stars foreign banks.