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CC)L(l!~AUC. GJBX-16{ GEOl c.)C;ICAL SURV~Y . ,<..,, . /W'-' ~ '"\ ""' 0' ~ J. cc ~1'14 GJBX-16(77) GEOLOGY, URANIUM DEPOSITS, AND URANIUM Ff\VORABILITY OF THE HARTFORD HILL RHYOLITE AND TRUCKEE FORMATION, SOUTHWESTERN WASHOE COUNTY, NEVADA, AND EASTERN LASSEN COUNTY, CALIFORNIA G. M. Cupp, S. H. Leedom, T. P. Mitchell and D. R. Allen BENDIX FIELD ENGINEERING CORPORATION Grand Junction Operations Grand Junction, Colorado 81501 April 1977 PREPARED FOR THE U.S. ENERGY RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT ADMINISTRATION GRAND JUNCTION OFFICE UNUER CONTRACT NO. E(OS-1)-1664 CONTENTS Page Summary . • . .. 1 Introduction 2 Objectives and scope . 2 Previous work 2 Acknowledgments 4 Procedures 4 Field procedures 4 Sampling procedures 4 Analytical procedures 5 Statistical correlation of rock units 5 Geology . , • . , . • . • 5 General stratigraphy 5 Mesozoic rocks . 5 Tertiary rocks 8 Quaternary rocks 9 ·stratigraphy of the Hartford Hill Rhyolite 9 Cooling Unit 1 , . , . 10 Cooling Unit la 10 Cooling Unit lb 13 Cooling Unit 2 ' . ' 14 Cooling Unit 3 . • ' . 14 Rainbow Canyon Member 16 Maue-McCray Men1ber . ' 16 Cascade Member . 17 iii CONTENTS (continued) Geology (continued) Dikes . • 17 Conclusions 18 Stratigraphy of the Truckee Formation 18 Long Valley . 18 Hungry Valley and Warm Springs Valley 19 Structure 20 Uranium deposits 22 Hartford Hill Rhyolite 22 Deposits related to fracture systems 23 Deposits related to organic debris 24 Deposits related to basalt dikes 25 Truckee Formation 26 Uranium favorability 29 Uranium favorability criteria for the Hartford Hill Rhyolite . • . • . 29 Uranium favorability criteria for the Truckee Formation • • . • 29 References cited 32 Appendix A. Prospect names, locations, production, and development work . ... 33 Appendix B. Pr~spect maps and analytical results • 39 lv ILLUSTRATIONS Figure l. Index map of the Hallelujah Junction Pyramid Lake project area . 3 2. Simplified geologic base map of the Hallelujah Junction-Pyramid Lake proje~t area · · · · · • 6 3. Simplified stratigraphic section fo·r the project area . • . · · · · · 7 4. Correlation chart for the stratigraphic sections of Brooks, McJannet, Wallace, and the present study . 11 5. Correlation chart for McJannet's Basal Member of the Tule Peak Formation and basal portion of the Hartford Hill Rhyolite . 12 6. Favorable areas for uranium exploration 30 Plate 1. Geologic map of a portion of the In Virginia Mountains . pocket 2. Geologic map of a portion of In Petersen Mountain . pocket APPENDIX ILLUSTRATIONS 81. Buckhorn mine geologic map 40 B2. Bastian prospect geologic map 43 B3. DeLongchamps mine geologic map 45 B4. Geologic plan of DeLongchamps mine adit 46 BS. Radiometric and sample plan of DeLongchamps mine adit 47 B6. Red Bluff prospect geologic map . 49 B7. Geologic, radiometric, and sample plan of Red Bluff prospect adits 50 B8. Garrett prospect geologic map 53 119. Armstrong mine geologic map . 55 v HARTFORD HILL RHYOLITE AND TRUCKEE FORl~TION, NEVADA AND CALIFORNIA SUMMARY The Hartford Hill Rhyolite and the overlying Truckee Formation are host for several uranium deposits found in an area extending from Long Valley (Lassen Co., California) eastward to the Virginia Mountains (Washoe Co., Nevada) and from Severi Lakes Mountain on the north to Hungry Valley on the south. The Hartford Hill Rhyolite i~ a series of ash-flow sheets that range in age from late Oligocene to early Miocene. This series at tains a maximum stratigraphic thickness of approximately 4,000 ft. The formation is divided into seven ash-flow tuff cooling units and avalanche deposits, which range in composition from rhyolite to an desite. The Truckee Formation is a sequence of alternating lacustrine, fluviatile, and volcanic rocks of Pliocene age, which attains a thickness in excess of 3,000 ft. Basaltic and rhyolitic lava flows are found at or near the base of the formation. Above these flows are sandstones and conglomerates that grade upward to clayey lake beds and tuffs. In Long Valley the upper one-third of the formation is a quartzitic sandstone. Mudflow sheets with large granitic boulders are scattered throughout the sequence. All known uranium deposits in the Hartford Hill Rhyolite, with one exception, are confined to two cooling units (units lb and 3). The deposits are localized by organic material, fractures, and dikes. They are small deposits that range in grade from less than 100 ppm to 800 ppm u3o8 . Uranium deposits in the Truckee Formation are near the base of the formation, adjacent to contacts with the underlying Hartford Hill Rhyolite. Deposits have been localized by organic material, by thin clay beds, or along contacts with the Hartford Hill Rhyolite. These deposits are small in size and range in grade from less than 100 ppm to 410 ppm u3oR. No genetic relationship was observed between Tertiary intrusive rocRs and uranium occurrences. Favorability for important uranium deposits in the Hartford Hill Rhyolite is judged to be low. The known occurrences are of limited extent, and the overall uranium content of the formation is low (4 to 10 ppm u3o8). However, because of the thickness and extent of the formation and the uranium occurrences contained in it, it may have been a source for uranium in the younger, topographically lower Truckee Formation. Uranium favorability of the Truckee Formation is judged to be high. It has moderat('ly abundant amounts of organic material, con ta:l.ns extensive favorable rocks types and is in a favorable topographi< and stratigraphic position to receive uranium-bearing solutions de rived from the weathering and eroslon of the Hartford Hill Rhyolite. APPENDIX ILLUSTRATIONS (continued) Figure BlO. Geologic, radiometric, and sample plan of Armstrong mine adits • • • • . • 56 Bll. Jeannie "K" prospect geologic map 58 Bl2. Cornelia "C" prospect geologic map • 60 Table Bl. Buckhorn mine 41 B2. Bastain prospect . 44 B3. DeLongchamps mine 48 B4. Red Bluff prospect 51 B5. Garrett prospect 54 B6. Armstrong mine . 57 B 7. Jeannie "K" prospect . 59 B8. Cornelia "C" prospect . 61 vi INTRODUCTION The Hartf{~);;"g,J-IiJ.,l, Rhyo.l:i,te (Miocene..)-anti> 1 the overly<htg Truckee Formation (Pliocene). ,1'\re hppt .. rocks £w: se.v"Mtal ursnimft"treposits in the Hallelujah J.un.c tJ.!On"~":£yramid .Lake ,.area, wes t-cen,tra.l ,,,Waslu:w;t,Coun ty, Nevada, and eastern Lassen County, California (Fig. 1). Most of· the deposits were discovered during the period 1950-1958. Seven mines in the ~rea have shipped a total of 1,604 tons of ore that contained 10,707 pounds of u3o8 , an avera·ge g~, .. Ji.f 0.,,},3 .~rcent u3o8 . OBJECTIVES AND SCOPE This study was conducted by Bendix Field Engineering Corporation (BFEC) under the auspices of the U.S. Energy Research and Development Administration (ERDA). The objectives of this study were: (1) to define a;ad,,"gef,JJ.,l~%.~e f<'JXO.:X:<tb,le,<lFe~s for potential resources qJ; u•. .ani~~~t .. i.n th~,Ha;:;tfo;y,:P, Hi.ll Rhyolite and in Tertiary sedimentary rocks of the Hallelujah Junction Pyramid Lake area; and (2) to determine the relationsp;i.p .pJ d.acit.~ jii.lug.s., (intrusive bodies of Kate Peak Formation in the vicinity of Mullen P·a;~y ''to'"'ncearby ura~ium deposits. The sc;~~. of this project included a seareft.c.. Q~ t.b.a,l.it.erature, general geolRg:U; l;',e,e~n.a,~a,p.t;,e,.,.,detailed ma,p,ping of the larger prospects, sur{p~.~· ~~~UI.g, surface r:al;\tPiti~J,ric survexing, detailed examination of the stratigraphy of the Hartford Hill Rhyolite and the Truckee Formation, chemi,cat <l!}a~;Y~es~ and petr9&r<=\P.J1ic studies. Field work was conducted from October 1975 through April 1976. PREVIOUS WORK Brooks (1956) mapped and described the Lowary (Maue-McCray prospect) and the DeLongchamps mine in the Virginia Mountains. McJannet (1957) mapped and described the geology of the Pyramid Lake-Red Rock Canyon area. Gimlett (1967) conducted a gravity survey of Warm Springs Valley and described the geology. Bonham (1969) mapped and described the geology and mineral deposits of Washoe County, Nevada, including several uranium deposits in the project area. Garside (1973) listed and briefly described uranium deposits in Nevada, including those in the project area. Wallace (1975) mapped and described the geology and mineral deposits of the Pyramid m~n~ng district, including a brief description of uranium deposits in the Ha~tford Hill Rhyolite. 2 HARTFORD HILL RHYOLITE AND TRUCKEE FORMATION, NEVADA AND CALIFORNIA ACKNO\.JLEDGMENTS Larry J. Garside and Harold F. Bonham, Nevada Bureau of Mines and Geology, and Andy B. Wallace, graduate student at the University of Nevada, gave generously of their time discussing the geology and mineral deposits of the area. PROCEDURES The objectives of this program were met by using information collected in the field and obtained from published literature. Rock samples were analyzed by the Grand Junction Laboratory of the Energy Research and Development Administration, operated by the Bendix Field Engineering Corporation. FIELD PROCEDURES Two stratigraphic sections of the Hartford Hill ~k.~~ were studied in detail; one on the east side and one on the west side of the project area.. The stratigraphic section on the east side is in Mine Canyon, sec. 36, T. 24 N., R. 20 E., Mt·. Diablo Base Line and Meridian, and in Rainbow Canyon, sec .. 6, T. 23 N., R. 21 E. The stratigraphic section on the west side is in Red Rock Canyon near the north end. of Petersen Mountain, sec. 32, T. 24 N., R. 18 E. Two areas were mapped in detail (Fig .. 1; Pls. 1 and 2). They are significant to understanding the relationship between the Hartford Hill Rhyolite, the Truckee Formation, and related uranium deposits. Ten u:raJ!t~md~.p~,i,ts, thought to be the most significant, were mapped by plane table.