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Geology and Mineral Resources of the Reno 1 O by 2° Quadrangle, Nevada and California

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Geology and Mineral Resources of the Reno 1 O by 2° Quadrangle, Nevada and California Geology and Mineral Resources of the Reno 1 o by 2° Quadrangle, Nevada and California U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY BULLETIN 2019 Geology and Mineral Resources of the Reno 1 o by 2° Quadrangle, Nevada and California By DAVID A. JOHN, JOHN H. STEWART, JAMES E. KILBURN, NORMAN J. SILBERLING, and LARRY C. ROWAN U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY BULLETIN 2019 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR BRUCE BABBITT, Secretary U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Dallas L. Peck, Director Any use of trade, product, or firm names in this publication is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE, WASHINGTON : 1993 For sale by Book and Open-File Report Sales U.S. Geological Survey Federal Center, Box 25286 Denver, CO 80225 Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Geology and mineral resources of the Reno 1 o by 2° quadrangle, Nevada and California I by David A. John ... [et al.]. p. cm.-(U.S. Geological Survey bulletin; 2019) Includes bibliographical references. Supt. of Docs. no.: I 19.3:2019 1. Mines and mineral resources-Nevada-Reno Region. 2. Mines and mineral resources-California. 3. Geology-Nevada-Reno Region. 4. Geology-California. I. John, David A. II. Series. QE75.89 [TN24.NJ 557.3 s-dc20 [553'.09793'55] 92-32554 CIP CONTENTS Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Acknowledgments 2 Background studies 2 Geologic mapping 2 Gravity data 4 Aeromagnetic data 4 Isotopic-dating studies 4 Paleomagnetic data 4 Geochemical data 5 Mines and prospects data 6 Remote-sensing data 7 Area description 7 Geology 8 Pre-Tertiary metavolcanic and metasedimentary rocks 8 Mesozoic plutonic rocks 11 Middle Jurassic arc-related rocks 11 Middle Jurassic mafic igneous rocks 13 Cretaceous granitoids 15 Cenozoic volcanic, intrusive, and sedimentary rocks 15 Interior andesite-rhyolite assemblage (31 to 20 Ma) 15 Western andesite assemblage (20 to 12 Ma) 17 Bimodal basalt-rhyolite assemblage and associated sedimentary rocks (16 Ma to present day) 19 Tertiary granitic plutons 21 Cenozoic structures 21 Relation of Cenozoic volcanism and tectonism to mineral deposits 25 Geochemical studies 26 Regional stream-sediment geochemistry 26 Geochemistry of hydrothermally altered rocks 28 Remote-sensing studies 28 Mineral resources 30 Introduction 30 Definitions 31 Permissive terranes and favorable tracts for undiscovered metalliferous mineral resources 31 Mineral deposits of Mesozoic age 32 Porphyry copper deposits 32 Copper skarn deposits 33 Iron skarn (magnesium magnetite skarn) deposits 34 Iron endoskarn (calcic magnetite skarn) deposits 35 Sediment-hosted (Carlin-type) gold deposits 35 Tungsten skarn deposits 36 Low-fluorine (quartz monzonite-type) porphyry molybdenum deposits 36 Gold-bearing skarn deposits 37 Polymetallic vein deposits 38 Contents Ill Mineral deposits of Mesozoic age-Continued Polymetallic replacement and zinc-lead skarn deposits 38 Deposits related to the Humboldt complex 38 Other deposits 39 Simple antimony deposits 39 Pegmatitic uranium deposits 39 Quartz-copper-gold-tourmaline vein deposits 39 Low-sulfide gold-quartz vein deposits 40 Kuroko-type volcanogenic massive sulfide deposits 40 Mineral deposits of Tertiary age 40 Volcanic-hosted epithermal gold-silver deposits 40 Adularia-sericite (Comstock) gold-silver veins 41 Quartz-alunite (acid-sulfate) gold deposits 42 Hot-springs deposits (gold and mercury) 43 Porphyry copper deposits 44 Zinc-lead and copper skarn deposits 45 Polymetallic replacement deposits 46 Gold-bearing skarn deposits 46 Volcanogenic and sandstone uranium deposits 47 Other deposits 47 Polymetallic vein deposits 47 Epithermal manganese deposits 47 Placer gold deposits 48 Nonmetallic mineral resources 48 References cited 48 PLATES [Plates are in pocket] 1. Map showing permissive terranes and favorable tracts for Jurassic porphyry copper, copper skarn, iron skarn, and iron endoskarn deposits. 2. Map showing permissive terranes and favorable tracts for Cretaceous tungsten skarn, low-fluorine porphyry molybdenum, gold-bearing skarn, and sediment-hosted gold deposits and Tertiary polymetallic replacement, copper skarn, zinc-lead skarn, and gold-bearing skarn deposits. 3. Map showing permissive terranes and favorable tracts for Tertiary epithermal gold­ silver and porphyry copper deposits. 4. Map showing favorable tracts for volcanogenic and sandstone uranium deposits, and locations of nonmetallic mineral deposits and geothermal powerplants. FIGURES 1. Index map showing location of geographic and cultural features in the Reno 1o by 2° quadrangle, Nevada and California 3 2. Map showing areas of shallow ( <500 m) pre-Tertiary rocks (based on gravity studies) in the Reno quadrangle, Nevada and California 5 3. Map showing areas with shallow (s1 km) magnetic sources, as determined from NURE aeromagnetic data, beneath Cenozoic alluvial and sedimentary deposits in the Reno quadrangle, Nevada and California 6 4. Map showing approximate locations of mining districts in the Reno quadrangle, Nevada and California 7 5. Map showing tectonostratigraphic terranes and geologic and structural features of western Nevada and northern California 9 IV Contents 6. Map showing inferred extent of known tectonostratigraphic terranes in the Reno quadrangle, Nevada and California 12 7. Map showing distribution of granitic rocks of various ages in the Reno quadrangle, Nevada and California 14 8. Diagrams showing chemical variation in granitic rocks in the Reno quadrangle, Ne­ vada and California 16 9. Map showing Oligocene and Miocene (31 to 20 Ma) rocks of the interior andesite­ rhyolite assemblage in the Reno quadrangle, Nevada and California 18 10. Map showing Miocene (20 to 12 Ma) rocks of the western andesite assemblage in the Reno quadrangle, Nevada and California 20 11. Map showing Miocene to Quaternary (16 Ma to present day) volcanic rocks of the bimodal basalt-rhyolite assemblage and associated sedimentary rocks in the Reno quadrangle, Nevada and California 22 12. Map showing Cenozoic structural features in the Reno quadrangle, Nevada and California 24 13. Map showing locations of geochemical anomalies detected in stream-sediment sam­ ples in the Reno quadrangle, Nevada and California 27 14. Map showing areas of hydrothermal alteration detected by Landsat TM images in the Reno quadrangle, Nevada and California 29 TABLES 1. Types of mineral deposits and occurrences in the Reno 1o by 2° quadrangle, Nevada and California 59 2. Characteristics of tracts containing or favorable for epithermal gold-silver deposits in the Reno I o by 2° quadrangle, Nevada and California 60 3. Geochemical anomalies detected in stream-sediment samples in the Reno 1o by 2° quadrangle, Nevada and California 62 4. Characteristics of tracts favorable for Mesozoic porphyry copper and copper and iron skarn deposits in the Reno 1o by 2° quadrangle, Nevada and California 63 5. Characteristics of tracts favorable for tungsten skarn and low-fluorine porphyry mo­ lybdenum deposits in the Reno 1o by 2° quadrangle, Nevada and California 64 6. Characteristics of tracts favorable for Tertiary polymetallic replacement, zinc-lead skarn, and copper skarn deposits in the Reno 1o by 2° quadrangle, Nevada and California 64 Contents V Geology and Mineral Resources of the Reno 1 o by 2° Quadrangle, Nevada and California By David A. John, John H. Stewart, James E. Kilburn, Norman J. Silberling, and Larry C. Rowan Abstract ate composition lavas ranging in age from about 20 to 12 Ma, and (3) the bimodal basalt-rhyolite assemblage and as­ The geology and mineral resources of the Reno 1 o by 2° sociated sedimentary rocks consisting of mafic and silicic la­ quadrangle, Nevada and California, were studied by a team vas and hypabyssal intrusions and extension-related of geologists, geochemists, and geophysicists as part of the sedimentary and alluvial deposits that range in age from 16 Conterminous United States Mineral Assessment Program Ma to present. Several calderas associated with the interior (CUSMAP) of the U.S. Geological Survey between 1985 and andesite-rhyolite assemblage are identified in the eastern part 1990. This report summarizes the geology and metallic min­ of the quadrangle, and four major igneous centers related to eral resources in the Reno quadrangle. the western andesite assemblage are identified in the south Paleozoic(?) and Mesozoic metasedimentary and half of the quadrangle. Quaternary alluvial and basin-fill de­ metavolcanic rocks are the oldest rocks exposed in the Reno posits cover much of the quadrangle. quadrangle. They are divided into seven tectonostratigraphic Late Cenozoic structures developed during several peri­ terranes, most of which were previously established by other ods of normal faulting and crustal extension and include a geologists for western Nevada. Principal tectonostratigraphic major zone of strike-slip faulting. Early to middle Miocene terranes are the Pine Nut, jungo, Sand Springs, and Paradise large-scale crustal extension, resulting in steeply tilted Tertia­ terranes and some unassigned metavolcanic rocks; less areal­ ry rocks and rotation of high-angle normal faults to shallow ly extensive units are the Mountain Well sequence and Mar­ dips, has been identified in several areas, notably in the ble Butte rocks. The distribution of the Paleozoic(?) and southern Stillwater Range and along the south edge of the Mesozoic metamorphic rocks is the result of polyphase tec­ quadrangle from the northern Wassuk Range to near Carson tonic transport both subparallel and perpendicular to the ear­ City. A second period of
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