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52 North Broadway Redevelopment CITY of WHITE PLAINS, WESTCHESTER COUNTY, NEW YORK Plan for the Unanticipated Discovery of Archaeological Resources

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52 North Broadway Redevelopment CITY of WHITE PLAINS, WESTCHESTER COUNTY, NEW YORK Plan for the Unanticipated Discovery of Archaeological Resources 52 North Broadway Redevelopment CITY OF WHITE PLAINS, WESTCHESTER COUNTY, NEW YORK Plan for the Unanticipated Discovery of Archaeological Resources DRAFT Prepared for: WP Development NB LLC 200 Madison Avenue New York, NY 10016 Prepared by: 440 Park Avenue South New York, NY 10016 www.akrf.com March 2020 Plan for the Unanticipated Discovery of Archaeological Resources A. INTRODUCTION AND PROJECT BACKGROUND WP Development NB LLC (the Applicant) is proposing to redevelop an approximately 16-acre site located at 52 North Broadway in the City of White Plains, Westchester County (see Figure 1). The Project Site was formerly owned by the Sisters of the Divine Compassion and was used for both religious (e.g., Convent and Chapel) and educational purposes (i.e., Academy of Our Lady of Good Counsel). The Project Site contains 12 buildings and several surface parking lots throughout the campus (see Figure 2). An approximately 13-acre portion of the Project Site is located within the boundaries of the Good Counsel Complex, which is listed on the State and National Registers of Historic Places (S/NR). Nine of the twelve buildings on the Project Site are contributing to the historic significance of the Good Counsel Complex. In addition, Mapleton building, which is a contributing building to the Good Counsel Complex, is individually S/NR-listed. The proposed redevelopment of the Project Site would involve the demolition of six buildings and part of the Convent that are contributing to the Good Counsel Complex in order to facilitate construction of three new residential components—a multi- family building, townhouses, an integrated assisted living/memory care and independent living facility—within a campus-like setting that would include vehicular, pedestrian, and bicycle circulation systems and a site-wide landscaping program. The Chapel (the “Church of the Divine Compassion”) and the Mapleton building would be retained, along with the west wing of the Convent. The Chapel and the Mapleton building would continue to be used by the Sisters and the west wing of the Convent would be programmed as part of the new multi-family building. The Proposed Project is subject to the New York State Environmental Quality Review Act (SEQRA). Pursuant to SEQRA, consultation regarding the project was initiated with the New York State Office of Parks, Recreation, and Historic Preservation (NYS OPRHP). In a comment letter dated January 22, 2016, NYS OPRHP determined that the Project Site is not archaeologically sensitive. However, members of the community have expressed concerns regarding the potential sensitivity of the Project Site for archaeological resources associated with the Site’s precontact (Native American) occupation and with documented activity in the area associated with the Battle of White Plains during the Revolutionary War. This Unanticipated Discoveries Plan (UDP) has been prepared in response to these concerns and outlines potential archaeological resources that may be present on the Project Site and includes protocols that will be followed in the event that artifacts or features are unexpectedly encountered during the construction of the Proposed Project. B. PURPOSE OF THE UNANTICIPATED DISCOVERIES PLAN This UDP outlines the procedures to be completed in the event that unanticipated archaeological cultural materials—defined here as tangible evidence of Native American and/or historic period occupation of the area—are encountered during construction of the 52 North Broadway development project. The goal of the UDP is to allow the developer, WP Development NB LLC, to have a protocol in place in case unanticipated archaeological materials are encountered so that appropriate measures can be taken to investigate/document/salvage artifacts while minimizing construction disruption. AKRF, Inc. 1 DRAFT: March 2020 52 North Broadway, White Plains, NY: Archaeological Unanticipated Discoveries Plan This UDP lists the types of archaeological materials that could potentially be encountered, describes the procedures to be followed if archaeological remains are encountered, and sets up a chain of command regarding notification of finds among the Contractor/Construction Manager, WP Development NB LLC, and the Applicant’s archaeological consultant that will provide the archaeological personnel. C. CONTACT INFORMATION Construction Manager: {To Come} WP Development NB LLC Project Manager: {To Come} Archaeological Consultant: {To Come} D. SUMMARY OF THE DEVELOPMENT AND OCCUPATION OF THE PROJECT SITE PRECONTACT OCCUPATION OF THE PROJECT SITE The precontact period refers to the time when the northeastern United States was occupied by Native Americans before contact with Europeans in the 17th century. Precontact archaeological sites have been documented across Westchester County and at least five archaeological sites have been identified within one mile of the Project Site as mapped in the New York State Cultural Resources Information System (CRIS).1 It is possible that some form of Native American activity (e.g., long- or short-term occupation, resource acquisition, or tool production) occurred on the Project Site; however, the extent to which the Site was occupied during the precontact period is unknown. THE BATTLE OF WHITE PLAINS The Project Site is located in the general vicinity of where the Battle of White Plains was fought on October 28, 1776, toward the beginning of the Revolutionary War. A map of the battle produced by Charles Smith in 1797 depicts troop movements across much of what is now southern Westchester County in the vicinity of White Plains and along the coast of the Hudson River between Dobbs Ferry and the Croton River. Given the vast extent of troop movements in the area, it is possible that activity relating to the battle and the days before and after occurred in the vicinity of the Project Site. Such activity could have been directly related to fighting, to the movement of troops, or short-term camping. HISTORIC PERIOD OCCUPATION AND DEVELOPMENT White Plains was a densely developed settlement by the mid-19th century. The majority of the Project Site was included within the 19th century estate of Eugene T. Preudhomme, whose home was constructed in 1856. The home was later owned by John W. Tilford, who sold it to the Sisters of Divine Compassion in 1891 (Sister Mary Teresa 1962). In 1895, the Tilford House was relocated on the Site by the Sisters in order to construct the Chapel. The Sisters purchased the estate to the south in 1894 1 https://cris.parks.ny.gov DRAFT: March 2020 2 AKRF, Inc. 52 North Broadway, White Plains, NY: Archaeological Unanticipated Discoveries Plan from Nathan H. Hand. The estate contained the 1867 Mapleton building, which was initially owned by the Dusenbury family. Most of the buildings in the Good Counsel Complex were developed by the Sisters between 1890 and the 1930s as the property was developed with a school (the existing House of Nazareth, completed 1891-1894), the Chapel (completed in 1897), and the Convent (1908 and 1923). Most recently, the Good Counsel Complex was used for both religious purposes and as a school campus known as the Good Counsel School, which included day care and elementary through high school facilities. The Good Counsel School was closed by the Sisters in 2015, prior to the acquisition of the Project Site by WP Development NB LLC. E. TYPES OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL RESOURCES THAT COULD BE ENCOUNTERED PRECONTACT ARCHAEOLOGICAL RESOURCES Precontact sites rarely survive in highly developed/urban areas, largely because precontact deposits tend to be shallowly buried and are vulnerable to disturbance from historical land use and development. Native American resources that have been encountered in the region include (but are not limited to) shell heaps, wampum, pottery, grinding stones (e.g., mortars and pestles), stone tools or projectile points (arrowheads, spear points), and stone flakes that are byproducts of tool-making. ARCHAEOLOGICAL RESOURCES ASSOCIATED WITH 18TH CENTURY MILITARY ACTIVITY As described above, the Project Site and surrounding area may have been the scene of military activity during the Battle of White Plains in 1776. Archaeological resources associated with such activity could include features such as earthworks, hearths, or postholes marking tent locations. Artifacts associated with such activity could include ordnance such as musket and cannon balls, gun flints, whole or fragmented weapons (e.g., guns, cannon, bayonets, swords/knives, axes, etc.), coat buttons, belt and shoe buckles, leather objects (e.g., shoes or storage pouches), or personal objects and tools carried by soldiers, such as clay smoking pipes or utensils. DOMESTIC RESOURCES DATING TO THE 19TH AND 20TH CENTURIES DOMESTIC SHAFT FEATURES Prior to the creation of municipal sewer and water supply systems, residents of Westchester County relied on shaft features such as cisterns, wells, and privies for water-gathering and sanitation. Wells were hand-excavated to serve individual lots, multiple lots, or entire neighborhoods and would be excavated at least as deep as the water table, and sometimes deeper, to access potable water. Cisterns were constructed to collect rainwater, which could be used for purposes other than human consumption. Privies, or the pits beneath outhouses, generally consisted of hand-excavated shafts, sometimes lined with wood or stone. The depth of privies varied widely depending on soil permeability and other factors. Most often, privies were located in rear yards, and sometimes drained into
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