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Ottoman Empire
Ottoman Empire The Ottoman Empire was a transcontinental empire based out of modern-day Turkey, which covered much of Southeastern Europe, Western Asia and North Africa between the 14th and early 20th centuries. It was one of the three ‘Gunpowder Empires’ of the late medieval period. The other two being the Safavid Empire of Iran and the Mughal Empire of India. The Ottoman Empire is covered in the World History segment of the UPSC Mains Exam. History of the Ottoman Empire The Ottoman Turks, named after the Turkish ruler Osman I who founded the empire in 1299, began a rapid expansion into the territories of the erstwhile Byzantine Empire in the mid 14th century. Eventually it led to the fall of Constantinople in 1453, ending the Byzantine Empire. This marked the beginning of a Turkish golden age. Indirectly, the capture of Constantinople was one of the events that set the Renaissance in motion. Further conquests would be made during the rule of Suleiman I, also known as Suleiman the Magnificent. During his rule, the Ottomans invaded Persia, captured Baghdad, took control of the island of Rhodes and crossed the river Danube into Hungary where they won the battle of Mohacs in 1526. By 1529, the Turkish army was outside the walls of Vienna, poised to burst into western Europe. However the siege of Vienna was lifted and Europe breathed a sigh of relief. Ottoman Sea power was virtually unchallenged in the Medditarranean basin until the battle of Lepanto in 1571 ended Turkish threat to Europe by sea. Suleiman I also sought to expand his Empire’s borders or at least it’s influence in the Indian subcontinent. -
Bernard Quaritch Ltd Hong Kong
Bernard Quaritch Ltd CHINA IN PRINT 22 – 24 November 2013 Hong Kong BERNARD QUARITCH LTD. 40 SOUTH AUDLEY STREET , LONDON , W1K 2PR Tel. : +44 (0)20 7297 4888 Fax : +44 (0)20 7297 4866 E-mail : [email protected] or [email protected] Website : www.quaritch.com Mastercard and Visa accepted. If required, postage and insurance will be charged at cost. Other titles from our stock can be browsed/searched at www.quaritch.com Bankers : Barclays Bank PLC, 50 Pall Mall, PO Box 15162, London SW1A1QA Sort code : 20-65-82 Swift code : BARCGB22 Sterling account IBAN: GB98 BARC 206582 10511722 Euro account IBAN: GB30 BARC 206582 45447011 US Dollar account IBAN: GB46 BARC 206582 63992444 VAT number : GB 840 1358 54 © Bernard Quaritch Ltd 2013 Front cover: item 5 1. AH FONG . The Sino-Japanese Hostilities Shanghai. N.p., 1937 . Album of 110 gelatin silver prints, 2 in a panoramic format approx. 2 x 7½ inches (4.7 x 19 cm.) the remainder 2¼ x 3½ inches (5.5 x 8.3 cm.), a few titled in the negatives, five images including one panorama toned red; all prints numbered on mounts according to a printed index attached at beginning of album (folded), with captions to all images and photographer’s credit ah fong photographer 819 Nanking Road Shanghai; black paper boards, the upper cover decorated in silver, depicting a city skyline ravaged by bombs and tanks with bombers and a warship, black cord tie, oblong 8vo. £3800 / HK$ 47,500 Following the Mukden (or Manchurian) Incident in September 1931, when the Japanese invaded the north-eastern part of China, the Chinese called for a boycott of Japanese goods. -
Geography and the Enlightenment: Patriotic Views of the Port City of Havana, 1761–1791
Meléndez, Mariselle. 2018. Geography and the Enlightenment: Patriotic Views of the Port City of Havana, 1761–1791. Latin American Research Review 53(1), pp. 139–151. DOI: https://doi.org/10.25222/larr.257 LITERATURE AND CULTURAL STUDIES Geography and the Enlightenment: Patriotic Views of the Port City of Havana, 1761–1791 Mariselle Meléndez University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, US [email protected] This article focuses on how two Spanish American Creole writers perceived their port city as a symbol of national prestige, devoted patriotism, and utilitarian significance, at a time when the military and economic status of the port was undergoing transformational changes. It centers on the works of two eighteenth-century Cuban writers, José Martín Félix de Arrate’s Llave del Nuevo Mundo, antemural de las Indias Occidentales: La Habana descripta (1761) and Ignacio José de Urrutia y Montoya’s Teatro histórico, jurídico y político-militar de la Isla Fernandina de Cuba y principalmente de su capital La Habana (1791), to show the ways in which these authors articulated their love for their country while endowing the port and the port city with local political power and cultural prestige. This sense of “topophilia,” a concept described by geographer Yi-Fu Tuan as the “affective bond between people and place,” is what guided the aforementioned authors’ geographic view of the port. In Historia General de las Indias, Bartolomé de las Casas describes the port of Havana: “En la ribera o costa Norte hay buenos puertos, y el mejor y mucho bueno es el que llaman de Carenas y agora de la Habana; éste es mucho bueno y capaz de muchas naos, y pocos hay en España, y quizá ni en muchas otras partes del mundo que se le iguale” (1985, 511).1 This passage is part of a chapter entitled “Que contiene de la grandeza y sitio de Cuba”; it calls attention to the fact that, as early as the sixteenth century, the port of Havana already constituted part of the excellence and grandeur of the island because of its location and physical geography. -
He Noble Path
HE NOBLE PATH THE NOBLE PATH TREASURES OF BUDDHISM AT THE CHESTER BEATTY LIBRARY AND GALLERY OF ORIENTAL ART DUBLIN, IRELAND MARCH 1991 Published by the Trustees of the Chester Beatty Library and Gallery of Oriental Art, Dublin. 1991 ISBN:0 9517380 0 3 Printed in Ireland by The Criterion Press Photographic Credits: Pieterse Davison International Ltd: Cat. Nos. 5, 9, 12, 16, 17, 18, 21, 22, 25, 26, 27, 29, 32, 36, 37, 43 (cover), 46, 50, 54, 58, 59, 63, 64, 65, 70, 72, 75, 78. Courtesy of the National Museum of Ireland: Cat. Nos. 1, 2 (cover), 52, 81, 83. Front cover reproduced by kind permission of the National Museum of Ireland © Back cover reproduced by courtesy of the Trustees of the Chester Beatty Library © Copyright © Trustees of the Chester Beatty Library and Gallery of Oriental Art, Dublin. Chester Beatty Library 10002780 10002780 Contents Introduction Page 1-3 Buddhism in Burma and Thailand Essay 4 Burma Cat. Nos. 1-14 Cases A B C D 5 - 11 Thailand Cat. Nos. 15 - 18 Case E 12 - 14 Buddhism in China Essay 15 China Cat. Nos. 19-27 Cases F G H I 16 - 19 Buddhism in Tibet and Mongolia Essay 20 Tibet Cat. Nos. 28 - 57 Cases J K L 21 - 30 Mongolia Cat. No. 58 Case L 30 Buddhism in Japan Essay 31 Japan Cat. Nos. 59 - 79 Cases M N O P Q 32 - 39 India Cat. Nos. 80 - 83 Case R 40 Glossary 41 - 48 Suggestions for Further Reading 49 Map 50 ■ '-ie?;- ' . , ^ . h ':'m' ':4^n *r-,:«.ria-,'.:: M.,, i Acknowledgments Much credit for this exhibition goes to the Far Eastern and Japanese Curators at the Chester Beatty Library, who selected the exhibits and collaborated in the design and mounting of the exhibition, and who wrote the text and entries for the catalogue. -
Title Historical Value of Parabaik and Pei All Authors Moe Moe Oo Publication Type Local Publication Publisher (Journal Name, Is
Title Historical Value of Parabaik and Pei All Authors Moe Moe Oo Publication Type Local Publication Publisher (Journal name, Meiktila University, Research Journal, Vol.IV, No.1, 2013 issue no., page no etc.) Parabaiks and Palm Leaf Manuscripts are important in the rich and old tradition and cultural history of Southeast Asia. Many documents reflected the socio- economic situation and Buddhist text of ancient Myanmar. These sources are Abstract like a treasure-trove for historians. We hope that this Parabaik and Palm leaf will advance the study of the early modern history of Myanmar, as well as that of the whole Southeast Asian region, and will also contribute to the preservation of a valuable cultural heritage in Myanmar. cultural heritage, preservation Keywords Citation Issue Date 2013 61 Meiktila University, Research Journal, Vol.IV, No.1, 2013 Historical Value of Parabaik and Pei Moe Moe Oo1 Abstract Parabaiks and Palm Leaf Manuscripts are important in the rich and old tradition and cultural history of Southeast Asia. Many documents reflected the socio-economic situation and Buddhist text of ancient Myanmar. These sources are like a treasure-trove for historians. We hope that this Parabaik and Palm leaf will advance the study of the early modern history of Myanmar, as well as that of the whole Southeast Asian region, and will also contribute to the preservation of a valuable cultural heritage in Myanmar. Key Words: cultural heritage, preservation Introduction Myanmar Manuscripts are an attempt to deal with the socio- economic life of the people during the Kon-baung period. There are many books both published and unpublished in the forms of research journal and thesis. -
Catalogue 119 Antiquariaat FORUM & ASHER Rare Books
Catalogue 119 antiquariaat FORUM & ASHER Rare Books Catalogue 119 ‘t Goy 2020 Antiquariaat Forum & Asher Rare Books Catalogue 119 1 Ex- tensive descriptions and images available on request. All offers are without engagement and subject to prior sale. All items in this list are complete and in good condition unless stated otherwise. Any item not agreeing with the description may be returned within one week after receipt. Prices are in eur (€). Postage and insurance are not included. VAT is charged at the standard rate to all EU customers. EU customers: please quote your VAT number when placing orders. Preferred mode of payment: in advance, wire transfer. Arrangements can be made for MasterCard and VisaCard. Ownership of goods does not pass to the purchaser until the price has been paid in full. General conditions of sale are those laid down in the ILAB Code of Usages and Customs, which can be viewed at: <http://www. ilab.org/eng/ilab/code.html> New customers are requested to provide references when ordering. ANTIL UARIAAT FOR?GE> 50 Y EARSUM @>@> Tuurdijk 16 Tuurdijk 16 3997 MS ‘t Goy 3997 MS ‘t Goy The Netherlands The Netherlands Phone: +31 (0)30 6011955 Phone: +31 (0)30 6011955 Fax: +31 (0)30 6011813 Fax: +31 (0)30 6011813 E-mail: [email protected] E-mail: [email protected] Web: www.forumrarebooks.com Web: www.asherbooks.com covers: no. 203 on page 115. frontispiece: no. 108 on page 62. title page: no. 184 on page 104. v 1.2 · 07 Jul 2021 Christianity and children’s education intertwined: a very rare Italian ABC book 1. -
Vellum Article
Vellum on Boards By Peter D. Verheyen Copyright © 2002 Allein ein Pergament, beschrieben und beprägt, ist ein Gespenst, vor dem sich alle scheuen. J.W. v. Goethe, Faust. INTRODUCTION: Vellum is arguably one of the most beautiful binding materials in use, and at the same time one of the least used in modern design bindings. While it is often used in limp bindings, its use “over hard boards” has been much more limited. A study of the bookbinding literature reveals it being covered in-depth to a larger degree in German language trade manuals than in English. This could explain their seemingly greater popularity in Germany, as evidenced by reproductions in exhibition catalogs and other publications. With a decline in traditional training opportunities, it is becoming increasing difficult to find exposure to this technique. As a material, vellum has many wonderful characteristics. It is translucent, can be made transparent, is available dyed or veiney, and exceedingly well wearing. Its major drawback is its hygroscopic nature, causing it to stretch as it absorbs water and to shrink as it dries. In dry conditions this will cause the boards to warp strongly. This, perhaps more than anything else, has discouraged binders from working with this wonderful material. The structure described in this article is designed to address this problem of warping, and hopefully lead to an increase in the numbers of binders working in vellum. By applying the “split board” technique I learned as an apprentice in Germany, and described in Wiese, one reduces the pull of the vellum on the boards, making it much easier to control with the counter-linings applied to the inside of the case. -
Special List 391 1
special list 391 1 RICHARD C.RAMER Special List 391 Military 2 RICHARDrichard c. C.RAMER ramer Old and Rare Books 225 east 70th street . suite 12f . new york, n.y. 10021-5217 Email [email protected] . Website www.livroraro.com Telephones (212) 737 0222 and 737 0223 Fax (212) 288 4169 November 9, 2020 Special List 391 Military Items marked with an asterisk (*) will be shipped from Lisbon. SATISFACTION GUARANTEED: All items are understood to be on approval, and may be returned within a reasonable time for any reason whatsoever. VISITORS BY APPOINTMENT special list 391 3 Special List 391 Military Regulations for a Military Academy 1. [ACADEMIA MILITAR, Santiago de Chile]. Reglamento de la Academia Militar ... [text begins:] Debiendo el Director de la Academia militar someterse al reglamento que por el articulo 3º del decreto de 19 de julio del presente ano ha de servirle de pauta .... [Santiago de Chile]: Imprenta de la Opinion, dated 29 August 1831. 4°, early plain wrap- pers (soiled, stained). Caption title. Light stains and soiling. In good condition. 33 pp. $500.00 FIRST and ONLY EDITION of these regulations for the second incarnation of the Academia Militar, ancestor of Chile’s present Escuela Militar. They specify admission requirements, a four-year course of study with the content of each course (pp. 17-24) and the exams (pp. 24-28), what the cadets will be doing every hour of every day, and even how often they will shave and change their linen. Also covered are the duties of the director, sub-director, faculty, chaplain, surgeon, bursar, and doorman. -
Ralph Fitch, England's Pioneer to India and Burma
tn^ W> a-. RALPH FITCH QUEEN ELIZABETH AND HER COUNSELLORS RALPH FITCH flMoneet; to Snfcta anD 3Burma HIS COMPANIONS AND CONTEMPORARIES WITH HIS REMARKABLE NARRATIVE TOLD IN HIS OWN WORDS + -i- BY J. HORTON RYLEY Member of the Hnkhiyt Society LONDON T. FISHER UNWIN PATERNOSTER SQUARE 1899 reserved.'} PREFACE much has been written of recent years of the SOhistory of what is generally known as the East India Company, and so much interesting matter has of late been brought to light from its earliest records, that it seems strange that the first successful English expedition to discover the Indian trade should have been, comparatively speaking, overlooked. Before the first East India Company was formed the Levant Com- pany lived and flourished, largely through the efforts of two London citizens. Sir Edward Osborne, sometime Lord Mayor, and Master Richard Staper, merchant. To these men and their colleagues we owe the incep- tion of our great Eastern enterprise. To the fact that among them there were those who were daring enough, and intelligent enough, to carry their extra- ordinary programme into effect we owe our appear- ance as competitors in the Indian seas almost simultaneously with the Dutch. The beginning of our trade with the East Indies is generally dated from the first voyage of James Lancaster, who sailed from Plymouth in 1591. But, great as his achievement was, , **** 513241 vi PREFACE and immediately pregnant with consequences of a permanent character, he was not the first Englishman to reach India, nor even the first to return with a valuable store of commercial information. -
Tangible Display Systems: Bringing Virtual Surfaces Into the Real World
Tangible display systems: bringing virtual surfaces into the real world James A. Ferwerda Munsell Color Science Laboratory, Chester F. Carlson Center for Imaging Science, Rochester Institute of Technology ABSTRACT We are developing tangible display systems that enable natural interaction with virtual surfaces. Tangible display systems are based on modern mobile devices that incorporate electronic image displays, graphics hardware, tracking systems, and digital cameras. Custom software allows the orientation of a device and the position of the observer to be tracked in real-time. Using this information, realistic images of surfaces with complex textures and material properties illuminated by environment-mapped lighting, can be rendered to the screen at interactive rates. Tilting or moving in front of the device produces realistic changes in surface lighting and material appearance. In this way, tangible displays allow virtual surfaces to be observed and manipulated as naturally as real ones, with the added benefit that surface geometry and material properties can be modified in real-time. We demonstrate the utility of tangible display systems in four application areas: material appearance research; computer-aided appearance design; enhanced access to digital library and museum collections; and new tools for digital artists. Keywords: advanced display systems, tangible user interfaces, digital painting systems. 1. INTRODUCTION When observers interact with objects they typically engage in a complex set of behaviors that include active manipulation and dynamic viewing. These behaviors allow observers to experience how objects look from different viewpoints and under different lighting conditions, which provides rich visual information about object shape and material properties. Modern computer graphics systems have the ability to render both static and dynamic images of objects with high fidelity, but the ability to interact with these objects is typically indirect, through trackballs, mice and similar devices. -
1 a Preliminary Survey of Burmese Manuscripts in Great Britain And
SOAS Bulletin of Burma Research, Vol. 2, No. 1, Spring 2004, ISSN 1479-8484 A Preliminary Survey of Burmese Manuscripts in Great Britain and Ireland Tilman Frasch Manchester Metropolitan University It does not take much imagination to assume that Great Britain has a rich collection of Burmese manuscripts, given that her rule over the country lasted more than a century. However, the cataloguing of these manuscripts is still in its infancy, especially when compared to Germany where the "Verzeichnis der Orientalischen Handschriften in Deutschland" (VOHD), a large project sponsored by the German Research Council, aims to compile basic data for all oriental manuscripts in German public collections and archives. So far, no less than four volumes have been published on the Burmese manuscripts alone.1 The only English reference guides that can bear comparison are the volumes listing the holdings of the Wellcome Institute and the List of the Burney Parabaiks in the former India Office Library. The following compilation is a first attempt to list the existing catalogues for the Burmese manuscripts in Great Britain and, as Dublin is included, Ireland. The list is mainly bibliographical, but it is hoped that it will nevertheless help to and perhaps even lead to a more systematic survey of the manuscripts than was possible here. In this respect, it does not claim to be complete. The publisher of the Bulletin will however be delighted to update this list whenever new catalogues or bibliographic references are brought to his knowledge. Cambridge Ref: Andrew Dalby, "A Dictionary of Oriental Collections in Cambridge University", in Transactions of the Cambridge Bibliographical Society 9 (3), 1988, p. -
Language Use in the Ottoman Empire and Its Problems
LANGUAGE USE IN THE OTTOMAN EMPIRE AND ITS PROBLEMS (1299-1923) by Yelda Saydam Dissertation submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree M. Phil. in the Faculty of Humanities (Department of Greek and Centre for Islamic Studies) at the University of Johannesburg Supervisor: Prof. B. Hendrickx Co-supervisor: Dr A. Dockrat Johannesburg 2006/7 Abstract The Ottoman Empire, an imperial power that existed from 1299 to 1923, was one of the largest empires to rule the borders of the Mediterranean Sea. Ottoman Turkish was used especially between the 16th and 19th centuries during the Ottoman Empire. This ornamented, artificial language separated the general population from intellectual and palace elite and a communication problem followed. Although the minorities of the Ottoman Empire were free to use their language amongst themselves, if they needed to communicate with the government they had to use Ottoman Turkish. This thesis explains these language differences and the resulting problems they created during the Empire. Examples of original correspondence are used to highlight the communication differences and the difficulties that ensured. From this study, the author concludes that Ottoman Turkish was not a separate language from Turkish; instead, it was a variation of Turkish in inexistence for approximately 600 years. I Preface My family and I came to South Africa from Turkey during August 2002 for my husband’s sabbatical as a post-doctoral fellow at University of The Witwatersrand. We both took a years leave from our jobs when we came to South Africa. I was working for Havva Özişbakan High School in İzmir, Turkey as a Turkish Language and Literature teacher.