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Biodiversity Supplementary Planning Document for Northamptonshire

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Biodiversity Supplementary Planning Document for Northamptonshire Biodiversity Supplementary Planning Document For Northamptonshire Stanwick Lakes. Photo by Sarah Gadd August 2015 Statutory status of the Biodiversity Supplementary Planning Document This Supplementary Planning Document (SPD) has been prepared under the 2004 Planning and Compulsory Purchase Act (the “2004 Act”). The Biodiversity SPD is a statutory Local Development Document (LDD). It will cover the whole of Northamptonshire, but will be adopted by each Local Planning Authority as a statutory SPD. The Biodiversity SPD was prepared in accordance with the Town and Country Planning (Local Planning) (England) Regulations 2012 (Statutory Instrument 2012 No. 767) (the “2012 Regulations”), which set out the minimum requirements for the preparation of an SPD. It is essential for these requirements to be met in order for this document to be classified as a statutory LDD, thereby supplementing statutory Local Plans. This SPD will supplement policies within the North Northamptonshire Core Spatial Strategy, adopted June 2008 and West Northamptonshire Joint Core Strategy Local Plan (Part 1), adopted December 2014. It is also consistent with the draft North Northamptonshire Joint Core Strategy 2011-2031. The specific preparation process for the Biodiversity SPD is directed by 2012 Regulations 12-14 and 35. The process also needs to have regard to the relevant Statements of Community Involvement (SCI). ii Biodiversity SPD for Northamptonshire — August 2015 Contents 1. Introduction 1 2. Definitions 1 3. Legislation and policy base: key messages 2 4. A step by step guide to building nature into development 3 5. Preparing and submitting planning applications 4 Stage A: Preparing to submit a planning application 4 Stage A1: Initial impressions survey/Biodiversity Checklist 4 Stage A2: Nature Conservation Survey 5 Stage A3: Avoidance and mitigation 6 Stage A4: Compensation 7 Stage A5: Enhancement: delivering ‘net gain’ in biodiversity 8 Stage B: Submitting a Planning Application 10 Stage C: Planning Permission Granted: the Construction Phase 11 Stage D: Aftercare 12 Glossary 13 Appendix 1 Biodiversity Checklist 15 Appendix 2 Ecological survey calendar 20 Biodiversity SPD for Northamptonshire — August 2015 iii 1. Introduction Biodiversity is a key aspect of sustainable development. Every local authority has a statutory duty to have regard, so far as is consistent with the proper exercise of its functions, to the purpose of conserving biodiversity.1 This duty is addressed in part by including nature conservation policies in Northamptonshire’s core strategies and saved policies in the old Local Plan or Local Plan Part 2 for each borough/district. Application This Supplementary Planning Document (SPD) is designed to be used by those considering and applying for planning permission in Northamptonshire. It may also be a useful reference for those developing planning policy and making site allocations. Aims This SPD explains how biodiversity shall be integrated into the development process to ensure that legislation and policy requirements are met and best practice standards are achieved. It offers a standardised approach which all applicants should follow. The SPD expands on the main principles set out in the National Planning Policy Framework and relevant local planning policies, and should be used together with expert ecological assessment of the details of each specific case. 2. Definitions Biodiversity (a contraction of ‘biological diversity’) refers to the number, variety and variability of living organisms. It is often defined in terms of genes, species and ecosystems. Biodiversity is widely considered to be a measure of ecosystem quality or health: greater biodiversity indicates better health. Biodiversity features include: • Species and their habitats (including feeding, resting and breeding areas): note this may include features like trees and buildings that could hold protected species (e.g. owls, bats) • Statutory andnon-statutory nature conservation sites • UK and Local Biodiversity Action Plan habitats and species • Habitats and Species of Principal Importance for England (under section 41 of the Natural Environment and Rural Communities Act 2006) • Features which provide links/corridors or stepping stones from one habitat to another. Biodiversity impacts include but are not limited to: • Loss of, or damage to, all or part of an important site for biodiversity • Habitat fragmentation, isolation and removal or severance of wildlife corridors (Figure 1) • Introduction or spread of invasive non-native species • Soil, air or water contamination • Disturbance and/or displacement, e.g. from recreational activity • Predation and/or harassment by domestic pets • Light pollution • Reduction/loss of species resources (e.g. food, Figure 1 Habitat corridors (A) allow species to move water, shelter) through the landscape. Where corridors are severed (B) species are confined to small patches of habitat, leading • Interruption to an established management to increased local extinction. regime, habitat neglect 1 Natural Environment and Rural Communities Act (2006) Section 40. Biodiversity SPD for Northamptonshire — August 2015 1 Biodiversity impacts can be: • Permanent or temporary • Direct or indirect • Short-term or long-term • Cumulative (i.e. significant when the impacts of multiple small developments are taken into account) Natural England should be consulted as early as possible where a development could impact a European site2 or Site of Special Scientific Interest. Where a European Protected Species could be affected, applicants should consult as early as possible Natural England’s standing advice on protected species.3 If one or more European Protected Species are likely to be affected then Natural England’s licensing process must be followed. Certain types of development must be assessed in more detail through Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA)4 and where required Habitats Regulations Assessment (HRA)5 procedures. Please refer to relevant guidance6 for more information on these requirements. 3. Legislation and policy base: key messages Biodiversity conservation planning policy is supported by a national and international legal and policy base (Annex 2). Key messages for development include: • Local planning authorities have a statutory duty to have regard to conserving biodiversity as part of the planning process. • Local planning authorities are expected to ensure their planning decisions are based on up-to-date information. • Biodiversity features of value frequently occur outside designated sites and these should be conserved, enhanced and additional features created as part of development. • Maintaining current levels of biodiversity is not sufficient. Development should provide a net gain in biodiversity where possible, guided in part by the Local Biodiversity Action Plan. • Northamptonshire supports a range of sites, habitats and species of national and international importance (a list of habitats and species can be found in Annex 1). Local authorities have a particular responsibility to promote their maintenance and long term conservation as part of the planning process. Biodiversity in development photo case study: Tree planting The award-winning Accordia development in Cambridge uses a range of arboricultural techniques to incorporate 700 mature trees plus supplemental planting. The scheme provides three times the open and wooded green spaces compared to other developments locally. Photo by John Lord 2 In Northamptonshire, the Upper Nene Valley Gravel Pits Special Protection Area (SPA) 3 Available at GOV.UK. 2014. Planning and development guidance – Protected species and sites: how to review planning proposals [ONLINE]. https://www.gov.uk/protected-species-and-sites-how-to-review-planning-proposals. Accessed 20 November 2014. 4 EIA Directive (85/33/EEC as amended by 97/11/EC and 2003/35/EC) 5 Habitats Directive (92/43/EEC), which concerns development proposals that may directly or indirectly affect the designated interest of European protected sites. 6 Re EIA, Planning Practice Guidance explains the requirements of the Town and Country Planning (EIA) Regulations 2011. Please see http://planningguidance.planningportal.gov.uk/blog/guidance/environmental-impact-assessment/. HRA guidance is available from the European Commission (European Commission. 2002. Assessment of plans and projects significantly affecting Natura 2000 sites. Luxembourg: Office for Official Publications of the European Communities. Available athttp://ec.europa.eu/ environment/nature/natura2000/management/docs/art6/natura_2000_assess_en.pdf.) Accessed 21 October 2014. 2 Biodiversity SPD for Northamptonshire — August 2015 4. A step by step guide to building nature into development A1: Initial impressions survey/Biodiversity Checklist Complete the Biodiversity Checklist in Appendix 1. Although the advice of an ecologist should be sought where feasible, the checklist can be completed by applicants, planning officers and the public. Are existing biodiversity features likely to be No affected by the development? Yes A2: Nature conservation survey Must be carried out by an appropriately qualified ecologist. Take account of any biodiversity features within and near the development site. A3: Avoidance and mitigation Outline measures to avoid harm to the features identified in A1 and A2 and mitigate unavoidable impacts. A4: Compensation Seek expert ecological advice on and describe appropriate compensation measures in order to ensure no net loss of biodiversity. Compensation
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