LESSON NOTES Absolute Beginner S1 #1 Welcome to Finland!
CONTENTS
2 Finnish 2 English 2 Vocabulary 2 Sample Sentences 3 Vocabulary Phrase Usage 4 Grammar 5 Cultural Insight
# 1
COPYRIGHT © 2013 INNOVATIVE LANGUAGE LEARNING. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. FINNISH
1. Helen: Päivää, minä olen Helen.
2. Liisa: Hyvää päivää ja tervetuloa! Minä olen Liisa. Hauska tutustua.
3. Helen: Hauska tutustua.
ENGLISH
1. Helen: Hello, I'm Helen.
2. Liisa: Hello, and welcome! I'm Liisa. Nice to meet you.
3. Helen: Nice to me e t yo u.
VOCABULARY
Finnish English Class
päivä day noun
hyvä good adjective
minä I pronoun
olla to be verb
ja and conjunction
tervetuloa welcome expressione
hauska pleasant, fun adjective
tutustua to meet, to get to know verb
SAMPLE SENTENCES
FINNISHPOD101.COM ABSOLUTE BEGINNER S1 #1 - WELCOME TO FINLAND! 2 Se on huhtikuun 15. Hauskaa päivää!
(viidestoista) päivä. "Have a nice day!" "It's April 15th."
Tä mä o n h yvä ! Tämä on oikein hyvä.
"This is good!" "This is very good."
Minä olen opiskelija. Onko sinulla siskoa?
"I’m a student." "Do you have a sister?"
Yksi valkoviini ja kaksi olutta, Tervetuloa kotiin! kiitos. "Welcome home!" "One white wine and two beers, please."
Hän on hauska mies. Näkemiin, oli hauska tutustua.
"He is a funny man." “Goodbye, it was nice to meet you.”
VOCABULARY PHRASE USAGE
Hyvää päivää ("Hello")
Hyvää päivää is a phrase that consists of the word hyvä, meaning "good," and the word päivä, which means "day." In this expression, they are inflected for case, but you can ignore that for now. We will look at the case later. Hyvä has pretty much the same meaning as "good" in English. It can be the opposite of evil, or good as in good taste. This greeting is somewhat formal, and it can be used pretty much most of the day, from around 11 am or noon until about 6 or 7 pm. Other time-related greetings include Hyvää huomenta, or "good morning," which you can use until noon, and Hyvää iltaa, or "good evening," which you use after around 6 pm.
All of these are used when you meet people, not when you part ways. When you part ways, you can say Näkemiin in formal situations, or Nähdään, or Hei hei, or Heippa, or Moikka in casual situations. When you part ways in order to go to sleep, you say Hyvää yötä.
Yo u c an o mit hyvää from all these greetings with only a slight change in the politeness level. If hyvää is omitted from Hyvää yötä, the word yötä is often
FINNISHPOD101.COM ABSOLUTE BEGINNER S1 #1 - WELCOME TO FINLAND! 3 changed to the plural form: Öitä.
GRAMMAR
The Focus of this Lesson is Introducing Yo u r s e l f Minä olen Helen "I am Helen"
You can use this expression to tell someone your name when you meet for the first time. You can also use it to express other things about yourself, such as your profession or your psychological/physiological state (happy, tired, surprised, etc.) This is one of the key phrases you need when you want to say something about yourself.
Formation
The pattern of this this expression is:
Minä olen A.
Minä is the first person singular pronoun, equivalent to "I." Olen is the first person singular form of the verb olla, "to be." We will talk more about verb conjugation in the next lesson. A is replaced by whatever you want to say about yourself, i.e. your name, profession, and so on.
Sample Sentences
1. Minä olen Sari Lehtinen. "I am Sari Lehtinen."
2. Minä olen opettaja. "I am a teacher."
3. Minä olen iloinen. "I am happy."
Examples from this Dialogue
1. Minä olen Helen. "I am Helen."
2. Minä olen Liisa. "I am Liisa."
FINNISHPOD101.COM ABSOLUTE BEGINNER S1 #1 - WELCOME TO FINLAND! 4 Note: this construction can be used to express some psychological and physiological states, but not all of them. For example, you will need a different construction to say you are hot or cold. We will get to those later.
Saying "Nice to meet you"
Saying "Nice to meet you" is a polite addition to introducing yourself. It is Hauska tutustua in Finnish. It literally means "nice to get to know." Just like in English, it is not a full sentence. There is only the adjective hauska "nice" and the infinitive verb tutustua "to get to know." You can also say Hauska tavata, which is literally "nice to meet."
About the "Declension stem" Column in the Vocabulary Ta b le
As you may (or may not) know, few Finnish words always appear exactly the same when they are used in different sentences. Verbs, nouns, adjectives, pronouns, and numerals all take various endings. The word stem to which these endings are attached is not always the same as the infinitive (in case of verbs) or nominative (in case of the other word classes) form of the word, so you'll need to know the stem in order to attach the endings correctly. You do not need to worry about that in this lesson, but we will start gradually looking into that in the next few lessons, so it might be good to get used to the idea. We will provide the stems of new words as they come up.
CULTURAL INSIGHT
Finnish Introductions
Introducing yourself to a Finn is a rather straightforward process. Usually, you just need to say the appropriate greeting for the time of day, tell them your name using the Minä olen A phrase, and shake hands. Saying Hauska tutustua is a nice bonus, but not compulsory. In a business setting and other formal situations, a handshake is the way to go. In more casual situations, people may hug each other or have no physical contact at all. Hugging has become more common only in recent decades, and it is still something that is mainly done among relatives and good friends. It is also considered a somewhat feminine thing to do—men may hug women, but they do not really hug each other unless they have just scored a goal in an important match. A handshake, on the contrary, is rather formal, so it is not very common among friends, certainly not among young friends. Young people usually do not shake hands with each other.
FINNISHPOD101.COM ABSOLUTE BEGINNER S1 #1 - WELCOME TO FINLAND! 5 LESSON NOTES Absolute Beginner S1 #2 Talking About Others in Finnish
CONTENTS
2 Finnish 2 English 2 Vocabulary 3 Sample Sentences 3 Vocabulary Phrase Usage 4 Grammar 6 Cultural Insight
# 2
COPYRIGHT © 2013 INNOVATIVE LANGUAGE LEARNING. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. FINNISH
1. Emmi: Hei, minä olen Emmi.
2. Helen: Hei!
3. Emmi: Hän on Jussi.
4. Jussi: Terve! Sinä olet varmaan väsynyt.
5. Helen: Vähän.
ENGLISH
1. Emmi: Hi, I'm Emmi.
2. Helen: Hi!
3. Emmi: He is Jussi.
4. Jussi: Hey! You must be tired.
5. Helen: A little.
VOCABULARY
Finnish English Class
hei hello expression
hän he, she pronoun
terve hey; healthy interjection; adjective
sinä you pronoun
FINNISHPOD101.COM ABSOLUTE BEGINNER S1 #2 - TALKING ABOUT OTHERS IN FINNISH 2 varmaan surely adverb
väsynyt tired adjective
vähän little adjective
olla to be verb
SAMPLE SENTENCES
Hei, Mari. Hän tulee kohta.
"Hello, Mari." "He/she will come soon."
Mitä sinä teet? Nainen hymyilee sinulle
"What are you doing?" "The woman smiles at you."
Hän on varmaan jääkiekkoilija. Olen väsynyt.
"He is surely an ice hockey player." "I'm tired."
Kyllä, minulla on vähän nälkä. Kyllä, puhun vähän.
"Yes, I'm a little hungry." "Yes, I speak a little."
Onko sinulla siskoa?
"Do you have a sister?"
VOCABULARY PHRASE USAGE hän ("he," "she")
Our first topic is the singular 3rd person pronoun hän. Just like English, Finnish has personal pronouns to refer to the speaker, the listener, and someone else. However, unlike English, Finnish does not make a distinction between men and women in the third person. Therefore, there are only 3 singular personal pronouns in Finnish. Both he and she are translated as hän. In principle, hän is only used to refer to people, not animals, even though there are some people who do call their pets hän. It also happens in fairy tales and such that personified animals are referred to as hän, especially in fairy tales translated from English into Finnish.
FINNISHPOD101.COM ABSOLUTE BEGINNER S1 #2 - TALKING ABOUT OTHERS IN FINNISH 3 Hei, terve ("hi")
Our second vocab topic is the new greetings hei and terve. In les s on 1, we discussed the formal greetings for the various times of the day. Hei and terve are more casual, although they are still usable even in business situations. Hei is just an equivalent of the English greetings "hi" and "hello," with no other meaning. Terve, however, does have a meaning of its own. It is "healthy" in English, and it also appears in the word tervetuloa, or "welcome," which we saw in lesson 1. The second part in tervetuloa is a form of the verb tulla, "to come." There is also an opposite word tervemenoa, with the verb mennä, "to go." It has a somewhat negative meaning, and can often be translated into English as "good riddance."
Another common casual greeting is moi. Casual greetings also have many modifications including heippa, moikka, moro, and tere. They are more casual than hei and terve.
GRAMMAR
The Focus of this Lesson is the Singular Forms of Verbs in the Present Te n s e Hän on Jussi. "He is Jussi."
This lesson's grammar point is the singular forms of verbs in the present tense, particularly those of the verb olla, "to be." Just like English has three forms of the verb "to be" that are used according to the subject ("I am," "you are," "he"/"she is"), so does Finnish. There are differences, however. Finnish has three forms for all verbs, whereas in English, other verbs have a different form only for the third person singular. Finnish also has three plural forms, but this time we will only look at the singular forms.
Formation
In order to form the personal forms of a verb, you need the stem of the verb and the endings used for each person. The stem of the verb olla is ole-, and to that you attach the personal endings -n for the first person and -t for the second person. The conjugation of this verb is a bit irregular, just like the the most common verbs are in many languages, so you will need to memorize the third person. That should be no problem, though, as it is one of the most frequent verb forms you will encounter, so it will soon come automatically.
minä olen "I am"
sinä olet "you are"
hän on "he/she is"
FINNISHPOD101.COM ABSOLUTE BEGINNER S1 #2 - TALKING ABOUT OTHERS IN FINNISH 4 For a regular verb of this type, the third person ending would be an extension of the last vowel of the stem. Here is the conjugation of the verb tulla, to come:
minä tulen "I come"
sinä tulet "you come"
hän tulee "he/she comes"
Sample Sentences
1. Minä olen vaihto-oppilas. "I am an exchange student."
2. Sinä olet lääkäri. "You are a doctor."
3. Hän on poliisi. "He/she is a police officer."
4. Jussi on poika. "Jussi is a boy."
5. Emmi on tyttö. "Emmi is a girl."
6. Tu len huomenna. "I will come tomorrow."
7. Olen iloinen, että olet täällä. "I'm glad you are here."
Examples from this Dialogue
1. Minä olen Emmi. "I am Emmi."
2. Hän on Jussi. "He is Jussi."
3. Sinä olet varmaan väsynyt. "You must be tired."
FINNISHPOD101.COM ABSOLUTE BEGINNER S1 #2 - TALKING ABOUT OTHERS IN FINNISH 5 Tip
Since the person of the subject is always seen from the verb, it is not necessary to include the subject in the sentence when the subject is "you" or "I," unless you want to place special emphasis on it. This may be difficult for speakers of languages such as English, where a sentence is ungrammatical without a subject, but if you want to sound natural in Finnish, you should get used to dropping minä and sinä out of your sentences. In the third person, however, it is usually not enough to know that the subject is "someone else," so you need to specify the subject in the sentence.
CULTURAL INSIGHT
Variants in Finnish
Finnish comes in two main variants: standard (written) Finnish and spoken Finnish. Spoken Finnish is further divided into a number of regional dialects and a kind of more or less neutral variant that is not considered a regional dialect, although it is heavily based on the Finnish spoken in the Helsinki area.
Standard Finnish is not really anyone's mother tongue, but the result of a conscious development effort and many compromises between the regional dialects. The father of written Finnish is Mikael Agricola, who was the first to compile an ABC- book for Finnish and to translate the New Testament in the mid-16th century. However, it took more than 300 years before written Finnish started to be used widely outside of religious contexts. Since Finland was part of Sweden until 1808 and then part of Russia, Swedish was the language used in official documents, literature, and other non-religious writing. The educated classes were largely Swedish-speaking, and Finnish was considered rural and unrefined. This was changed in the second half of the 19th century, as nationalistic ideas started gaining weight and several prominent persons started a campaign to make written Finnish fit for use in all aspects of life. A great number of new words was coined, and even the grammar was simplified a bit in the name of consistency. Many members of the Swedish-speaking intelligentsia decided to learn Finnish.
Standard Finnish has its roots firmly in the written Finnish formed in the late 19th century and revised by later linguists. Standard Finnish is heard in newscasts and other forms of prepared speech, and it is the norm in all writing apart from personal messages and other forms of casual writing. Standard Finnish is learned at school, and few people use it as such in their daily conversations, but there is quite a lot of variation in how many standard vs. spoken structures people use in normal speech. The more formal the situation, the more likely people are to favor standard over spoken Finnish.
FINNISHPOD101.COM ABSOLUTE BEGINNER S1 #2 - TALKING ABOUT OTHERS IN FINNISH 6 Some prominent differences in standard Finnish and neutral spoken Finnish: minä, sinä, hän - mä, sä, se tulen, tulet, tulee - tuun, tuut, tulee
FINNISHPOD101.COM ABSOLUTE BEGINNER S1 #2 - TALKING ABOUT OTHERS IN FINNISH 7 LESSON NOTES Absolute Beginner S1 #3 What is That Finnish Thing?
CONTENTS
2 Finnish 2 English 2 Vocabulary 3 Sample Sentences 4 Vocabulary Phrase Usage 4 Grammar 5 Cultural Insight
# 3
COPYRIGHT © 2013 INNOVATIVE LANGUAGE LEARNING. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. FINNISH
1. Helen: Mikä tämä on?
2. Liisa: Se on lautanen.
3. Helen: Mikä tuo on?
4. Liisa: Se on lasi.
5. Helen: Kuka tuo on?
6. Liisa: Se on presidentti Niinistö.
ENGLISH
1. Helen: What's this?
2. Liisa: It's a plate.
3. Helen: What's that?
4. Liisa: It's a glass.
5. Helen: Who's that?
6. Liisa: It's President Niinistö.
VOCABULARY
Finnish English Class
lasi glass noun
FINNISHPOD101.COM ABSOLUTE BEGINNER S1 #3 - WHAT IS THAT FINNISH THING? 2 kuka who adverb
presidentti president noun
mikä which, what adverb
tämä this pronoun
se it pronoun
lautanen plate noun
tuo that pronoun
SAMPLE SENTENCES
Tämä lasi on painava. Kuka siellä?
"This glass is heavy." "Who’s there?"
Tarja Halonen on entinen Mikä on tämän paikan nimi?
presidentti. "What is this place's name?" "Tarja Halonen is a former President."
Tä mä viin i o n h yvä ä . Tämä on kaunein paikka
Suomessa. "This wine is good." "This is the most beautiful place in Finland."
Voi, tämä ei ole hyvää. Haluan tämän kirjan, kiitos.
"Oh, this is not good." "I want this book, please."
Se on huhtikuun 15. Kyllä, se on aika hyvää.
(viidestoista) päivä. "Yes, it's quite good." "It's April 15th."
Voisitko sanoa sen uudestaan? Tuo juustopala ei ole sinun.
"Could you say it once again?" “That piece of cheese is not yours.”
FINNISHPOD101.COM ABSOLUTE BEGINNER S1 #3 - WHAT IS THAT FINNISH THING? 3 Haluan tuon paidan, kiitos.
"I want that shirt, please."
VOCABULARY PHRASE USAGE
Täm ä, tuo, se ("this," "that," "it")
These three pronouns are used to refer to single objects in accordance to whether they are close to the speaker or not. Täm ä refers to anything that is close to the speaker. Tu o refers to anything that is not close to the speaker, but can be seen. It may or may not be close to the listener. Se refers to anything that is not close to the speaker, and it does not need to be visible. Täm ä and tuo are usually used when pointing at something, whereas se can be used for anything that has been spoken about before, so it is typically used in answers. They can all appear either alone, as in Täm ä on punainen ("This is red") or together with a noun as in Täm ä pallo on punainen ("This ball is red."). When used alone, they never need a filler word such as "one" in English: Tu o on liian suuri ("That one is too big."). In casual spoken Finnish, se is also used of people instead of hän. It does not imply any negative meaning.
Presidentti ("president")
The word presidentti has a narrower meaning than the English "president." In Finnish, it means almost exclusively the head of a state. The presidents of companies or other organizations have other words in Finnish.
GRAMMAR
The Focus of this Lesson is on Asking About What Something Is Mikä tämä on? "What is this ?"
Being able to ask what something is is crucial, and a great way to increase your vocabulary.
Formation
These questions are very simple to form in Finnish. Let us first take a very basic sentence such as Täm ä on lautanen, "This is a plate." Now if we replace tämä and lautanen with placeholders, we get a general pattern A on B. A is the thing we are
FINNISHPOD101.COM ABSOLUTE BEGINNER S1 #3 - WHAT IS THAT FINNISH THING? 4 talking about, and B is what we say about it. All we need to do in order to change this basic pattern into a question is add a question word to the beginning and remove B from the end, and we get:
1. Mikä A on? "What is A?"
2. Kuka A on? "Who is A?"
Note that unlike in English, the word order in the rest of the sentence does not change. You just add the question word at the beginning.
Kuka and mikä are pronouns used in questions. Kuka is used when you want to know the identity of a person. The answer would be something like John, my boss, the company president, etc. Mikä is used in all other situations.
Sample Sentences
1. Kuka sinä olet? (Minä olen Liisa.) "Who are you?" ("I'm Liisa.")
2. Kuka minä olen? (Sinä olet Helen.) "Who am I?" ("You are Helen.")
3. Kuka hän on? (Hän on Emmi.) "Who is she?" ("She is Emmi.")
4. Mikä se on? (Se on salaisuus.) "What is it?" ("It's a secret.")
Examples from this Dialogue
1. Mikä tämä on? "What's this?"
2. Mikä tuo on? "What's that?"
3. Kuka tuo on? "Who's that?"
CULTURAL INSIGHT FINNISHPOD101.COM ABSOLUTE BEGINNER S1 #3 - WHAT IS THAT FINNISH THING? 5 Finland's Presidents
Finland is a republic and has a President as the head of state. The President is elected by a direct popular vote every six years. A former President may only be re-elected once. The President's powers are quite limited.
Finland has only had five presidents since 1956. Urho Kekkonen, who was elected in 1956, held the office for 25 years, until his health deteriorated so much that he had to retire. In Kekkonen's time, the President's position was quite strong, and in practice he ruled Finland as an autocrat, even dissolving the Parliament if its composition didn't suit him. He considered himself the only person capable of maintaining good relations with the Soviet Union while securing Finland's independence, and many shared his view. At the height of his career, he was unrivalled, and there are many anecdotes about the "Kekkonen era."
His successor, Mauno Koivisto, did not interfere with parliamentary democracy. He was the first Social Democrat to be elected President, and started a 30-year era of Social Democrat Presidents (although, once elected, the President conventionally refrains from party politics and acts for the entire people).
The next President, Martti Ahtisaari, had served a long career as a diplomat outside of Finland, and entered the presidential election as a dark horse at a time when the other candidates had lost public support because of the ongoing recession of the early 1990s. He has always been an active proponent of peace, and he received the Nobel Peace Prize in 2008.
He was succeeded by Tarja Halonen, the first woman to be elected President of Finland. Since the President is also the Commander-in-Chief of the military forces, her being unmarried at the time she took office caused an unexpected dilemma in the military: should the troops salute her as neiti presidentti ("Miss President") or rouva presidentti ("Mrs President")? It was eventually decided that rouva could be used as a respectful salutation of a woman of her age, even though technically inaccurate. At the end of her second term when the new candidates were being nominated, a young girl reportedly asked her parents, surprised, if it was possible for a man to become President.
The current President is Sauli Niinistö, who took office in March 2012. He was the favorite from the start of the campaign, and took a clear victory over the Green League candidate Pekka Haavisto, who executed a great campaign and made it to the second round much to the surprise of everyone, including himself. Sauli Niinistö is the 12th President of Finland.
FINNISHPOD101.COM ABSOLUTE BEGINNER S1 #3 - WHAT IS THAT FINNISH THING? 6 LESSON NOTES Absolute Beginner S1 #4 What's That in Your Finnish Cup?
CONTENTS
2 Finnish 2 English 2 Vocabulary 3 Sample Sentences 3 Vocabulary Phrase Usage 4 Grammar 7 Cultural Insight
# 4
COPYRIGHT © 2013 INNOVATIVE LANGUAGE LEARNING. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. FINNISH
1. Helen: Mitä tämä on?
2. Emmi: Se on suolaa.
3. Helen: Entä tämä?
4. Emmi: Se on sokeria.
5. Helen: Hyvä. Nyt tarvitsen vielä teetä.
6. Emmi: Sitä on tässä.
7. Helen: Kiitos.
ENGLISH
1. Helen: What's this?
2. Emmi: It's salt.
3. Helen: How about this?
4. Emmi: It's sugar.
5. Helen: Good. Now I still need some tea.
6. Emmi: There's tea in here.
7. Helen: Thank you.
VOCABULARY
FINNISHPOD101.COM ABSOLUTE BEGINNER S1 #4 - WHAT'S THAT IN YOUR FINNISH CUP? 2 Finnish English Class
suola salt noun
entä how about adverb
sokeri sugar noun
nyt now adverb
tarvita to need verb
vielä still adverb
tee tea noun
tässä here noun
Kiitos thank you noun
SAMPLE SENTENCES
Saisinko suolaa? Entä tämä?
"May I have some salt, please?" "How about this one?"
Sokeri on epäterveellistä. Juon nyt teetä.
"Sugar is unhealthy." "I am drinking tea now."
Tarvitsen vähän apua. Vielä kerran, pojat!
"I need some help." "One more time, boys!"
Tässä on pubi, mennään sisään! Kiitos hyvää.
"Here's a pub, let's go in." "I'm fine. Thanks."
Kiitos avustasi.
"Thank you for your help."
VOCABULARY PHRASE USAGE
FINNISHPOD101.COM ABSOLUTE BEGINNER S1 #4 - WHAT'S THAT IN YOUR FINNISH CUP? 3 vielä ("still")
Vielä has a wide range of meanings. It may be translated into English as "still", "(not) yet," "even," or "(one/some) more," depending on the context:
1. tee on vielä kuumaa "the tea is still hot"
2. tee ei ole vielä valmista "the tea is not yet ready"
3. pidän teestä vielä enemmän "I like tea even more"
4. ottaisin vielä teetä "I would like some more tea" tässä ("here")
There are a number of Finnish words that are originally nouns or pronouns, but in a certain case form are used as adverbs. Tässä is one of them. It comes from the pronoun tämä ("this") we have seen before, and it literally means "in this (place)." We will look at the grammar later on in this series.
GRAMMAR
The Focus of this Lesson is the Partitive Case: Talking About "some" Instead of "the whole thing" Se on suolaa. "It's salt."
Finnish has a number of cases. They are used to indicate the relationship of a thing to other things in the world, just like the genitive form "my" of the English pronoun "I" indicates possession. They are also used to indicate the roles of the words in a sentence, such as whether a word is a subject or an object. Until now, our nouns have mostly been in the nominative form that is found in a dictionary. This time, we will look at the partitive case.
Formation
The partitive ending is -a/-ä, -ta/-tä, or -tta/-ttä. Whether the vowel in the ending is an a or an ä depends on the word it is attached to. If the word has any of the back vowels a, o, or u, the ending also has an a. If the word only has vowels from the
FINNISHPOD101.COM ABSOLUTE BEGINNER S1 #4 - WHAT'S THAT IN YOUR FINNISH CUP? 4 set of front vowels e, i, y, ä, ö, then the vowel in the ending is an ä. It may sound complicated, but you will soon get used to it. It is a phenomenon called vowel harmony, and it applies to all kinds of endings in Finnish.
Once you have the vowel harmony down, there are still three forms to choose from. There are some basic rules for picking the ending:
1. If the word stem ends in a single vowel, use -a/-ä:
Nominative Stem Partitive Tra n s la tio n
lasi lasi- lasia glass
suola suola- suolaa salt
minä minu- minua I
2. If the word stem ends in two vowels or a consonant, use -ta/-tä. Also most pronouns apart from minä and sinä take this ending:
tee tee- teetä tea
lautanen lautas- lautasta plate
hän hän- häntä he/she
mikä mi- mitä what
3. Many words tha t end in -e in the nominative form take -tta/-ttä. Not all of them, though—you will need to do some memorization.
terve terve- tervettä healthy
Us e
The basic meaning of the partitive is "a part of something." It can often be translated as "some" in English.
For example:
1. Tarvit sen sokeria. "I need some sugar."
FINNISHPOD101.COM ABSOLUTE BEGINNER S1 #4 - WHAT'S THAT IN YOUR FINNISH CUP? 5 2. Anna Jussille maitoa. "Give Jussi some milk."
3. Lumikki puraisi omenaa. "Snow White took a bite of the apple."
You also use it when referring to the material something is made of or consists of.
For example:
1. Se on sokeria. "It is sugar."
2. Täm ä lautanen on muovia. "This plate is (made of) plastic."
There are many verbs, such as kehua "to praise" and kiittää "to thank," that always have their objects (in the case of these verbs, the person who is praised or thanked) in the partitive case.
For example:
1. Hän kehuu minua. "He praises me."
2. Jussi kiittää Emmiä. "Jussi thanks Emmi."
The partitive is often used when saying what something is like.
For example:
1. Tee on hyvää. "Tea is delicious."
Examples from this Dialogue
1. Mitä tämä on? "What's this?"
FINNISHPOD101.COM ABSOLUTE BEGINNER S1 #4 - WHAT'S THAT IN YOUR FINNISH CUP? 6 2. Se on suolaa. "It's salt."
3. Se on sokeria. "It's sugar."
4. Tarvit sen vielä teetä. "I still need some tea."
5. Sitä on tässä. "There's tea in here."
CULTURAL INSIGHT
A Favorite Finnish Drink
Finland is among the biggest coffee-consuming nations. Soon after coffee was introduced into Finland in the 18th century, it became a highly prestigious drink that everyone wanted to have and serve their guests. If the real thing was not available or was too expensive, people would make substitute coffee from rye or barley. In rural areas, people slurped their coffee from the saucer. Some said that in order to enter marttakerho (a women's association) you had to be able to slurp your coffee from the saucer from a distance of 10cm without ceasing to talk. Be that as it may, coffee has been hugely popular throughout the centuries until this day. Even though there are many people who prefer tea, coffee is still the default drink at workplaces and all kinds of parties and receptions, while tea is often less prominently positioned in some corner. In recent years, new trendy specialty coffees have made sure that coffee consumption stays high. In 2011, Finns consumed an average of 9.7 kg of roasted coffee per person. Coffee is kahvi in Finnish.
FINNISHPOD101.COM ABSOLUTE BEGINNER S1 #4 - WHAT'S THAT IN YOUR FINNISH CUP? 7 LESSON NOTES Absolute Beginner S1 #5 How are you Doing in Finland?
CONTENTS
2 Finnish 2 English 2 Vocabulary 3 Sample Sentences 3 Vocabulary Phrase Usage 4 Grammar 6 Cultural Insight
# 5
COPYRIGHT © 2013 INNOVATIVE LANGUAGE LEARNING. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. FINNISH
1. Liisa: Mitä kuuluu?
2. Helen: Kiitos hyvää. Entä itsellesi?
3. Liisa: Tässähän tämä menee. Miten koulussa menee?
4. Helen: Ihan hyvin.
ENGLISH
1. Liisa: How are you?
2. Helen: I'm fine, thanks. And you?
3. Liisa: It's going OK. How's it going at school?
4. Helen: It's going well.
VOCABULARY
Finnish English Class
ihan totally, quite adverb
hyvin well adverb
kuulua to be heard verb
itse (one)self noun
a particle used for -han, hän emphasis enclitic particle
miten how, what a adverb
koulu school noun
FINNISHPOD101.COM ABSOLUTE BEGINNER S1 #5 - HOW ARE YOU DOING IN FINLAND? 2 mennä to go noun
SAMPLE SENTENCES
Kaikki on ihan hyvin. Tu n n e n h ä n e t h yvin .
"Everything is just fine." "I know him well."
Mitä kuuluu, Matti? Teetkö sen itse?
"How are you, Matti?" "Will you do it yourself?"
Tä mä h ä n o n h yvä ä ! Miten pian tulet kotiin?
"I say, this tastes great!" "How soon will you come home?"
Miten voit? Menkää toiselle puolelle katua,
kiitos. "How are you doing?" “Please go to the other side of the road.”
Menen sinne kello kahdeksan.
"I will go there at 8 o'clock."
VOCABULARY PHRASE USAGE kuulua ("to be heard," "to be audible")
This verb is related to the verb kuulla ("to hear") but while the subject of kuulla is the person (or animal) that hears a sound, the subject of kuulua is the sound itself, and a sentence with kuulua usually does not even say who (if anyone) hears the sound.
For example:
1. Kalle kuulee jyrinää. (kuulla) "Kalle hears a rumble."
FINNISHPOD101.COM ABSOLUTE BEGINNER S1 #5 - HOW ARE YOU DOING IN FINLAND? 3 2. Kuuluu jyrinää. (kuulua) "A rumble is heard."
-han, -hän (particle used for emphasis)
Finnish has a number of enclitic (words that are pronounced with very little emphasis and join to the word before them, like the "'nt" in "can't") particles that are used to indicate emphasis, surprise, questions, and so on. They follow vowel harmony with the word they are attached to, that is, -han will be used after words that have any of the vowels a, o, or u, whereas -hän will be used after words that only have some of the vowels e, i, y, ä, ö.
For example:
1. Jussihan on tänään iloinen. "I say, Jussi is quite happy today."
2. Täm äh än on hyvää! "I say, this tastes great!"
GRAMMAR
The Focus of this Lesson is On Asking How Someone Is Mitä kuuluu? "How are you?"
Being able to ask how someone is and reply when asked about it yourself is important in any culture. In this lesson, we will look at some common phrases used in Finnish.
Question 1: Mitä kuuluu? ("How are you?")
This phrase literally means "What is heard?" though it is more naturally translated as "What's new?" or "How are you?" This is probably the most common question used to find out how someone is.
Anwers: 1. Kiitos hyvää. ("I'm fine, tha nk you.")
Kiitos hyvää is the standard answer to Mitä kuuluu? Note that hyvää is in the partitive case just like mitä. You can also add words such as oikein ("really") if you want to sound more positive: Kiitos oikein hyvää ("I'm very well, thank you.").
FINNISHPOD101.COM ABSOLUTE BEGINNER S1 #5 - HOW ARE YOU DOING IN FINLAND? 4 2. Tässäh än tämä (menee). ("It's ok.")
This is a phrase you can use as a reply to Mitä kuuluu? if you are not so great or if there is nothing special going on. You can use either the longer version Tässäh än tämä menee, literally something like "well, this is going along here," or the shortened version Tässäh än tämä. Täm ä ("this") is interpreted either as life in general or as the situation the person is in. Tässä is a form of the word tämä that means "here," and -hän is an ending indicating emphasis. We'll cover the grammar later, just learn this as a set phrase for now. The phrase can be used in a wide variety of situations from "I'm barely alive" to "I've just had the greatest day of my life, but I'm not going to tell you about it," so the tone of voice is really more important than the words.
3. Siinähän se (menee). ("It's ok.")
This is a variant of Tässäh än tämä, just tässä is replaced with siinä ("there") and tämä is replaced with se. The usage is similar to Tässäh än tämä.
4. Mikäs tässä. ("It's ok.")
This is another vague reply. It is a shortened version of Mikäs tässä ollessa, meaning something like "No problem, I'm hanging in here."
Question 2: Miten menee? ("How is it going?")
Miten menee? is another common question. You can use it either as a general question by itself, or you can add something in the middle to ask about that specifically. In addition to Miten koulussa menee? two other common variants are Miten töissä menee? ("How is it going at work?") and Miten kotona menee? ("How is it going at home?")
Anwers: 1. Kiitos hyvin. ("It's going well, tha nk you.")
Note that the answer to Miten menee? is almost like the answer to Mitä kuuluu? except that this answer has hyvin while the other one has hyvää. That is becaus e miten in the question is an adverb, and therefore you also need an adverb in the answer as well.
2. Ihan hyvin. ("Quite ok.")
Even though ihan literally means "quite" or "totally," Ihan hyvin does not necessarily mean any better than hyvin alone. It is more like "No problem" or "It's ok."
4. Loistavasti! ("Brilliantly!")
FINNISHPOD101.COM ABSOLUTE BEGINNER S1 #5 - HOW ARE YOU DOING IN FINLAND? 5 This one means "brilliantly," and you are not likely to hear it very often, but you can use it if things are really going well.
5. Tässäh än tämä/siinähän se/mikäs tässä ("It's ok")
You can also use these phrases that we covered before to answer this question.
Question 3: Kuis hurisee? ("What's cookin'?")
This is a casual question and not recommended in formal situations, but will be well received among friends. It literally means "How is it buzzing?"
Anwers: You can use the same answers as with Miten menee?
Returning the Question
In all cases, it is polite to ask the other person how they are doing after you have answered their question. The standard phrase used for this is Entä itsellesi? which means roughly "How about you?" The grammar in itsellesi is a bit advanced, so learn this as a set phrase for now.
CULTURAL INSIGHT
Vague Finnish Answers
Many Finns tend to be rather vague when asked about how they are. Tässäh än tämä and siinähän se are very typical answers when people do not want to commit themselves. Traditionally, it has not really been considered socially appropriate to boast of your happiness, but people may also be reluctant to admit that they are not doing well. Of course, there are people who will take the opportunity to report the multimillion-euro deal they have just closed or all the illnesses they have suffered during the past year, but most of the time people will just reply politely and go on with the conversation, especially if you do not know them well. If you do know the other person well, they may start their reply with one of the non- committal phrases, and then go on to tell you about a dramatic change that has just taken place in their lives, good or bad.
FINNISHPOD101.COM ABSOLUTE BEGINNER S1 #5 - HOW ARE YOU DOING IN FINLAND? 6 LESSON NOTES Absolute Beginner S1 #6 May I Have Some of that Finnish... Something?
CONTENTS
2 Finnish 2 English 2 Vocabulary 3 Sample Sentences 3 Vocabulary Phrase Usage 4 Grammar 6 Cultural Insight
# 6
COPYRIGHT © 2013 INNOVATIVE LANGUAGE LEARNING. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. FINNISH
1. Emmi: Saisinko maitoa?
2. Helen: Ole hyvä.
3. Emmi: Kiitos. Otatko salaattia?
4. Helen: Kyllä kiitos. Onko tuo omenaa?
5. Emmi: Ei, se on päärynää.
ENGLISH
1. Emmi: May I have some milk, please?
2. Helen: Here you are.
3. Emmi: Thank you. Would you like some salad?
4. Helen: Yes please. Is that apple?
5. Emmi: No , it's pe ar.
VOCABULARY
Finnish English Class
päärynä pear noun
maito milk noun
You're welcome/ Here Ole hyvä you are expression
kyllä yes expression
FI NNI S HPOD101.COM ABSOLUTE BEGINNER S 1 #6 - MAY I HAVE S OME OF THAT FINNIS H... S OMETHING? 2 saada to get, to receive verb
-ko a question particle particle
ottaa to take verb
salaatti salad noun
omena apple noun
Ei no expression
SAMPLE SENTENCES
Päärynä kasvaa puussa. Maito on valkoista.
"A pear grows in a tree." "Milk is white."
Tämä on sinulle, ole hyvä. Kyllä, pidän erityisesti
graavilohesta. "This is for you, here you are." "Yes, I especially love gravlax."
Kyllä, se on hyvää. Kyllä, puhun vähän.
"Yes, it's good." "Yes, I speak a little."
Mies saa rahaa. Oletko väsynyt?
"T he man receives money." "Are you tired?"
Otan tämän kirjan. Tämä ei ole hyvä.
"I'll take this book." "This is not good."
VOCABULARY PHRASE USAGE saisinko...? ("may I get...?")
Saisinko...? is the polite way to ask for something. Saisinko is a form of the verb saada meaning "to get" or "to receive," plus the -ko particle, but the exact formation is beyond this series, so you should learn it as a set phrase. The object is in the partitive case if the corresponding English question were to have "some"
FI NNI S HPOD101.COM ABSOLUTE BEGINNER S 1 #6 - MAY I HAVE S OME OF THAT FINNIS H... S OMETHING? 3 instead of "a/the." ole hyvä ("here you are")
Ole hyvä literally means "be good." It is used when giving someone something, and translates to "here you are." The recipient says Kiitos "thank you," to which the giver may reply Eipä kestä "don't mention it." When passing something at dinner table you do not need to say Eipä kestä, but it is good to use it when you have given someone a gift or done them a favor. At a casual dinner, such as among a family, also Ole hyvä is often omitted.
A confusingly similar expression is Ole ystävällinen "be kind," but it is not used when giving someone something. It is a formal equivalent of "please" and can sometimes be seen on forms or instructions. otatko...? (do you take / would you like...?)
There are many phrases for offering someone something at the table. Otatko...? is among the least fancy and most matter-of-fact questions. Literally, it is simply "Do you take...?" but in many cases it is better translated as "would you like..." in English. For example, your server may ask you Otatko teetä vai kahvia? "Would you like tea or coffee?"
Other phrases—in order of increasing politeness—used when offering something include Haluaisitko...? literally is "Would you want some...?" and Saisiko olla...? "How about some...?" GRAMMAR
The Focus of this Lesson is Asking Questions with -ko Onko tuo omenaa? "Is that apple?"
In the previous lessons, we have been looking at questions with a question word such as mikä or kuka. Questions like that will be answered with some piece of information about the thing or person, such as a name. This time, we will learn how to ask questions that will be answered with "yes" or "no."
Formation
All you need to do to form a question like this is take the word that you want to contest, move it to the beginning of the sentence, and attach -ko to it. If we take the basic sentence pattern A on B "A is B," and we want to find out if A really is B or not, we would ask Onko A B? Nothing else changes in the sentence, only the verb
FI NNI S HPOD101.COM ABSOLUTE BEGINNER S 1 #6 - MAY I HAVE S OME OF THAT FINNIS H... S OMETHING? 4 is moved to the beginning and gets -ko attached to it. In the following sample sentences, we have added the corresponding statement in parenthesis after the question so that you can compare them.
Sample Sentences
1. Onko tämä sokeria? (Tämä on sokeria.) "Is this sugar?" ("This is sugar.")
2. Onko tuo salaatti hyvää? (Tuo salaatti on hyvää.) "Is that salad good?"
3. Tarvit set ko sokeria? (Tarvitset sokeria.) "Do you need sugar?"
Note that you can attach -ko to almost any word, and the one with -ko attached is the one that is asked about. The English translations get a bit complicated sometimes, because English is not as flexible as Finnish in this respect.
Sample Sentences
1. Sinäkö tarvitset suolaa? (Sinä tarvitset suolaa.) "Was it you who needs some salt?" ("You need salt.")
2. Suolaako se on? (Se on suolaa.) "Oh, is it salt? [I thought it was sugar.]" ("It is salt.")
3. Oletko sinä väsynyt? (Sinä olet väsynyt.) "Are you tired?" ("You are tired.")
4. Sinäkö olet väsynyt? "Oh, so you're the one who is tired?"
Examples from this Dialogue
1. Saisinko maitoa? "May I have some milk, please?"
2. Otatko salaattia? "Would you like some salad?"
FI NNI S HPOD101.COM ABSOLUTE BEGINNER S 1 #6 - MAY I HAVE S OME OF THAT FINNIS H... S OMETHING? 5 3. Onko tuo omenaa? "Is that apple?"
CULTURAL INSIGHT
Mind Yo u r Manners at the Finnish Table
Table manners in Finland are pretty much similar to other European countries. You are not supposed to put a knife in your mouth, rest your elbows on the table while eating, talk with food in your mouth, or try to reach for something that is not close to you. It is polite to try at least a little bit of every dish. In the past, respect for food was very important, because most Finns had first-hand experience of food shortages. It used to be unacceptable to leave food on your plate, and if children did that, their mothers would remind them of all the hungry children in Africa. In the present abundance, the respect has somewhat decreased, and leftover food is more of an environmental issue.
Family dinners are less common these days than they used to be, because people have many hobbies in the evenings. Most families still try to eat together in the evenings, however. The normal dinner time is around 5 or 6 p.m.
FI NNI S HPOD101.COM ABSOLUTE BEGINNER S 1 #6 - MAY I HAVE S OME OF THAT FINNIS H... S OMETHING? 6 LESSON NOTES Absolute Beginner S1 #7 Let Me Have Some Delicious Finnish Blueberry Pie!
CONTENTS
2 Finnish 2 English 2 Vocabulary 3 Sample Sentences 3 Vocabulary Phrase Usage 4 Grammar 6 Cultural Insight
# 7
COPYRIGHT © 2013 INNOVATIVE LANGUAGE LEARNING. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. FINNISH
1. Helen: Saisinko lisää sitä herkullista mustikkapiirakkaa?
2. Liisa: To tta kai. O le hyvä.
3. Helen: Kiitos.
4. Liisa: Otatko myös lisää vihreää teetä?
5. Helen: Ei kiitos, mutta saisinko mustaa kahvia?
ENGLISH
1. Helen: May I have some more of that delicious blueberry pie?
2. Liisa: Certainly, here you are.
3. Helen: Thank you.
4. Liisa: Would you like some more green tea as well?
5. Helen: No thanks, but could I have some black coffee, please?
VOCABULARY
Finnish English Class
mustikkapiirakka blueberry pie noun
mustikka blueberry adjective
vihreä green adjective
lisää more adverb
FI NNI S HPOD101.COM ABSOLUTE BEGINNER S 1 #7 - LET ME HAVE S OME DELICIOUS FINNIS H BLUEBERRY PIE! 2 kahvi coffee noun
herkullinen delicious adjective
totta kai of course, certainly adverb
myös also adverb
mutta but conjunction
musta black adjective
SAMPLE SENTENCES
Teen huomenna Saisinko mustikkahilloa?
mustikkapiirakkaa. "May I have some blueberry jam, "I will make some blueberry pie please?" tomorrow."
Ruoho on vihreää. Hän haluaa aina vain lisää ja
lisää. "T he grass is green." "She always wants more and mo re."
Juon liikaa kahvia. Join jo kaksi kahvia.
"I drink too much coffee." "I've had two coffees already."
Tämä keitto on todella Nainen nauttii herkullista herkullista! pizzaa.
"This soup is really delicious!" "The woman is enjoying delicious pizza."
Totta kai tulen! Hän tekee myös herkullista
keittoa. "Of course I’ll come!" "He also makes delicious soup."
Pekka on pitkä mutta laiha. Musta kissa etsii hiirtä.
"Pekka is tall but thin." "The black cat is looking for a mo us e."
FI NNI S HPOD101.COM ABSOLUTE BEGINNER S 1 #7 - LET ME HAVE S OME DELICIOUS FINNIS H BLUEBERRY PIE! 3 VOCABULARY PHRASE USAGE herkullinen ("delicious")
We have had the word hyvä before. Hyvä can be used in many different contexts, including food. Herkullinen, however, is only limited to food. It is somewhat stronger than hyvä. mustikkapiirakka ("blueberry pie)
Mustikkapiirakka consists of two words, mustikka "blueberry" and piirakka "pie." Finnish has plenty of words that consist of more than one word, and it is a very productive way of forming new words.
Blueberry pies come in many varieties, but most of them are not exactly what English speakers might expect from a pie. They seldom have a crust on top, and one of the most common types is actually a kind of flat sponge cake with blueberries sprinkled on top. GRAMMAR
The Focus of this Lesson is Us ing the Partitive Case in All Words That Belong Together Saisinko lisää sitä herkullista mustikkapiirakkaa? "May I have some mor e of that delicious blueberry pie?"
By now, we are getting used to using the partitive case. However, so far we have had simple expressions that only have one noun, adjective, or pronoun. But we often want to use more complex expressions and modify our nouns with pronouns and adjectives and say things like "I want to try that lovely good-smelling homemade Finnish blueberry pie." No problem! However, there is one thing you need to remember when saying things like that in Finnish: all words that modify a noun take the same case ending as the noun. If there is a pronoun (tämä, tuo, se), it usually comes first, then any adjectives, and the noun they modify comes last.
Let's make a few phrases with several words and turn them into the partitive. Remember that the partitive ending is determined by the last letters of the stem. If the stem ends in a single vowel, the ending is -a/-ä as in musta
For example: tämä vihreä salaatti (tä-, vihreä-, salaatti-)
"green salad"
FI NNI S HPOD101.COM ABSOLUTE BEGINNER S 1 #7 - LET ME HAVE S OME DELICIOUS FINNIS H BLUEBERRY PIE! 4 kylmä musta kahvi (kylmä-, musta-, kahvi-)
"cold black coffee"
kaunis lautanen (kaunis-, lautas-)
"pretty plate"
Sample Sentences
1. Otan vähän tätä vihreää salaattia. "I'll take a little of this green salad."
2. Juon aamuisin kylmää mustaa kahvia. "I drink cold black coffee in the mornings."
3. Varo tuota sinistä lasia. "Be careful with that blue glass."
4. Haluan maistaa tuota ihanaa, tuoksuvaa kotitekoista suomalaista mustikkapiirakkaa. "I want to try that lovely good-smelling homemade Finnish blueberry pie."
Examples from this Dialogue
1. Saisinko lisää tuota herkullista mustikkapiirakkaa? "May I have some more of that delicious blueberry pie?
2. Otatko myös lisää vihreää teetä? "Would you like some more green tea as well?"
3. Ei kiitos, mutta saisinko mustaa kahvia? "No thanks, but could I get some black coffee, please?"
Pronunciation Tip
FI NNI S HPOD101.COM ABSOLUTE BEGINNER S 1 #7 - LET ME HAVE S OME DELICIOUS FINNIS H BLUEBERRY PIE! 5 Remember to mind the lengths of sounds in Finnish. Both vowels and consonants may be short or long, and the length of sounds will change the meaning of the word. This is relevant also for the partitive case. Words that end in a short -a or -ä in the nominative form end in a long vowel in the partitive. The quality of the vowel does not change, you just keep saying it longer.
Nominative Partitive English translation
suola suolaa salt
päivä päivää day
hyvä hyvää good
omena omenaa apple
The length of consonants is also relevant in the partitive, even though there are not many word pairs that would get mixed up in case of wrong consonant length. You still need to make the difference to sound natural.
Nominative Partitive English translation
tee teetä tea
perhe perhettä family
mies miestä man
säde sädettä ray (of light)
CULTURAL INSIGHT
Do Yo u Want to Pick Berries in the Finnish Forest?
Finnish forests grow an abundance of wild berries, including blueberries, lingonberries, cranberries, raspberries, and cloudberries. Finland also has a custom called Everyman's Rights, which states, among other things, that anyone can freely roam the forests and pick wild berries and mushrooms as long as they do not go close to dwellings or damage cultivated plants. No permission is needed from the landowner. The best spots are well-kept secrets, and the berry and mushroom seasons are long-awaited highlights of the year for many Finns. However, there is also a great number of people who will not put a foot in the
FI NNI S HPOD101.COM ABSOLUTE BEGINNER S 1 #7 - LET ME HAVE S OME DELICIOUS FINNIS H BLUEBERRY PIE! 6 forests, let alone bother to bend their back to pick berries, and it is estimated that less than ten per cent of the wild berry produce is harvested.
FI NNI S HPOD101.COM ABSOLUTE BEGINNER S 1 #7 - LET ME HAVE S OME DELICIOUS FINNIS H BLUEBERRY PIE! 7 LESSON NOTES Absolute Beginner S1 #8 Have You Lost Your Favorite Finnish Coee Mug?
CONTENTS
2 Finnish 2 English 2 Vocabulary 3 Sample Sentences 4 Vocabulary Phrase Usage 4 Grammar 8 Cultural Insight
# 8
COPYRIGHT © 2013 INNOVATIVE LANGUAGE LEARNING. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. FINNISH
1. Jussi: Tiedätkö, missä sininen mukini on?
2. Helen: Se on keittiössä.
3. Jussi: Missä päin?
4. Helen: Kuivauskaapissa.
5. Jussi: Siinähän se on. Kiitos.
6. Helen: Eipä kestä.
ENGLISH
1. Jussi: Do you know where my blue mug is?
2. Helen: It's in the kitchen.
3. Jussi: Whereabouts?
4. Helen: In the drying cabinet.
5. Jussi: Oh, there it is. Thanks.
6. Helen: Yo u're we lc o me .
VOCABULARY
Finnish English Class
FI NNI S HPOD101.COM ABSOLUTE BEGINNER S 1 #8 - HAVE YOU LOST YOUR FAVORITE FINNIS H COFFEE MUG? 2 you’re welcome, don’t eipä kestä mention it phrase
siinä there adverb
kaappi cabinet, cupboard, closet noun
(astian)kuivauskaappi (dish) drying cabinet noun
towards; in the päin approximate area of adverb
sininen blue adjective
muki mug noun
tietää to know verb
missä where adverb
keittiö kitchen noun
SAMPLE SENTENCES
Eipä kestä, ei siitä ollut vaivaa. Siinä se on.
"Don’t mention it, it was no "There it is." trouble."
Kuivauskaappi on täynnä. Missä päin asut?
"The drying cabinet is full." "Whereabouts do you live?"
Taivas on sininen. Muki on kaapissa.
"T he sky is blue." "The mug is in the cabinet."
T iedän, kuka on Suomen En tiedä hänen nimeään.
presidentti. "I don't know his/her name." "I know who is the President of Finland."
Missä olet? Missä on johtaja?
"Where are you?" "Where is the boss?"
FI NNI S HPOD101.COM ABSOLUTE BEGINNER S 1 #8 - HAVE YOU LOST YOUR FAVORITE FINNIS H COFFEE MUG? 3 Keit t iö on uusi. Kokki laittoi ruokaa keittiössä.
"The kitchen is new." The chef cooked in the kitchen.
VOCABULARY PHRASE USAGE tietää ("to know")
Tietää basically means "to have information about something." If you use it in connection with a person, it does not mean you know them personally. It only means you know something about them, such as their name or their relationship with someone else. päin ("towards")
Päin is a word that means "towards" or "in the approximate area of." When combined with an adverb of location, such as missä ("where") or tuolla ("there"), it adds the meaning of -abouts: missä päin is "whereabouts," and tuolla päin is "thereabouts." GRAMMAR
The Focus of this Lesson is the Inessive Case, or Where Something Is Kuivauskaapissa. "In the drying cabinet."
The case we will look at in this lesson, called the inessive case, indicates where something is. More specifically, it basically adds the meaning of "inside" to the word. It is used both in expressions of physical location and in certain grammatical constructions and expressions. We will look more into the use after we have first looked at the formation. The inessive ending is -ssa/-ssä. There is no variation in the ending apart from vowel harmony.
However, there is some extra learning effort involved at this point, because some words have two stems. One of them ends in a vowel, and the other one ends in a consonant. The singular partitive forms we have been making so far use the consonant stem, while the inessive and most other cases use the vowel stem. This comes quite naturally from the fact that most of the case endings are either single consonants (such as -n) or start with two consonants, like -ssa, and Finnish does not allow consonant clusters such as tss in * väsynytssä or two word-final consonants as in *väsynytn. So you need a vowel before the ending.
In the following tables, you can see the partitive and inessive forms of the nouns,
FI NNI S HPOD101.COM ABSOLUTE BEGINNER S 1 #8 - HAVE YOU LOST YOUR FAVORITE FINNIS H COFFEE MUG? 4 adjectives and pronouns we have learned so far. The case endings are separated from the stem by a hyphen.
Words with Only One Stem
Nominative Partitive Inessive English
päivä päivä-ä päivä-ssä day
hyvä hyvä-ä hyvä-ssä good
minä minu-a minu-ssa I
hauska hauska-a hauska-ssa fun, funny, nice
terve terve-ttä tervee-ssä healthy
sinä sinu-a sinu-ssa you
mikä mi-tä mi-ssä what, which
tämä tä-tä tä-ssä this
se si-tä sii-nä (irregular) it
tuo tuo-ta tuo-ssa that
lasi lasi-a lasi-ssa glass
presidentti presidentti-ä presidenti-ssä president
suola suola-a suola-ssa salt
sokeri sokeri-a sokeri-ssa sugar
tee tee-tä tee-ssä tea
itse itse-ä itse-ssä self
koulu koulu-a koulu-ssa school
maito maito-a maido-ssa milk
salaatti salaatti-a salaati-ssa salad
omena omena-a omena-ssa apple
FI NNI S HPOD101.COM ABSOLUTE BEGINNER S 1 #8 - HAVE YOU LOST YOUR FAVORITE FINNIS H COFFEE MUG? 5 päärynä päärynä-ä päärynä-ssä pear piirakka piirakka-a piiraka-ssa pie mustikka mustikka-a mustika-ssa blueberry vihreä vihreä-ä vihreä-ssä green musta musta-a musta-ssa black kahvi kahvi-a kahvi-ssa coffee muki muki-a muki-ssa mug keittiö keittiö-tä keittiö-ssä kitchen kaappi kaappi-a kaapi-ssa cabinet
If you looked carefully, you probably noticed there are some words that seem to have two stems, such as piirakka-a/piiraka-ssa. We will talk about that later. Just take our word for the time being that such words are still considered to have only one stem. They both end in a vowel, so there is no consonant stem.
Words with Two Stems
Nominative Partitive Inessive English
väsynyt väsynyt-tä väsynee-ssä tired
hän hän-tä häne-ssä he/she
lautanen lautas-ta lautase-ssa plate
kuka ke-tä kene-ssä who
kiitos kiitos-ta kiitokse-ssa thank
herkullinen herkullis-ta herkullise-ssa delicious
sininen sinis-tä sinise-ssä blue
Us a ge
The basic meaning of the inessive is "in"; that is, you are saying that there is
FI NNI S HPOD101.COM ABSOLUTE BEGINNER S 1 #8 - HAVE YOU LOST YOUR FAVORITE FINNIS H COFFEE MUG? 6 something inside the thing that is in the inessive case. Compare the sentences Täm ä on muki. "This is a mug." and Tässä mukissa on kahvia. "There is coffee in this mug."
For example:
1. Lasi on kaapissa. "The glass is in the cabinet."
2. Mitä tuossa sinisessä mukissa on? "What's there in that blue mug?"
3. Tässä piirakassa on omenaa ja päärynää. "There's apple and pear in this pie."
4. Missä kaapissa lautanen on? "Which cabinet is the plate in?"
It is also used in less concrete situations that are kind of related to the basic locative meaning, but cannot be interpreted concretely. It is also common in certain expressions of time. For example, it is used with month names to indicate that an action takes place during that month, and it is used to express that something takes place at regular intervals.
For example:
1. Liisa on puhelimessa. "Liisa is on the phone."
2. Minussa ei ole mitään vikaa. "There's nothing wrong with me." (Literally "there is no fault in me")
3. Heinäkuussa poimin mustikoita. "In July, I pick blueberries."
4. Omena päivässä pitää lääkärin loitolla. "An apple a day keeps the doctor away."
An example of a syntactic use of this case is expressions of an ongoing action. Here the inessive ending is attached to a particular infinitive verb form.
For example:
1. Olen juuri syömässä. "I'm eating just now."
FI NNI S HPOD101.COM ABSOLUTE BEGINNER S 1 #8 - HAVE YOU LOST YOUR FAVORITE FINNIS H COFFEE MUG? 7 2. Olen jo menossa. "I'm on my way." (literally "I'm going already.")
Lastly, it can be found in certain expressions of state.
For example:
1. Leipä on homeessa. (home = "mould") "The bread is mouldy."
2. Ville on humalassa. (humala = "state of drunkenness") "Ville is drunk."
Examples from this Dialogue
1. Se on keittiössä. "It's in the kitchen."
2. Kuivauskaapissa. "In the drying cabinet."
Note
The words missä, tässä, tuossa, and siinä can be used as adverbs, but they are originally the inessive forms of the pronouns mikä, tämä, tuo, and se, respectively. An example of adverbial use: Tässä on omena. "Here's an apple." An example of pronominal use: Tässä omenassa on mato. "There's a worm in this apple." But you do not really need to know if it is an adverb or a pronoun to use it.
CULTURAL INSIGHT
What Exactly is a Dish Drying Cabinet?
The Finnish dish drying cabinet, or astiankuivauskaappi, was developed in the 1940s in an effort to reduce time spent on household tasks. It is a cabinet that is above the kitchen sink and has dish draining racks instead of solid shelves so that you can put dishes into the cabinet directly after rinsing, and the water drips straight back down in the sink. Even though most households have a dishwasher, practically all kitchens also have one of these. Similar cabinets are used in some
FI NNI S HPOD101.COM ABSOLUTE BEGINNER S 1 #8 - HAVE YOU LOST YOUR FAVORITE FINNIS H COFFEE MUG? 8 other countries as well, at least in the Baltic countries, Spain and Italy, but in many other countries they are unheard of.
FI NNI S HPOD101.COM ABSOLUTE BEGINNER S 1 #8 - HAVE YOU LOST YOUR FAVORITE FINNIS H COFFEE MUG? 9 LESSON NOTES Absolute Beginner S1 #9 Is this your Finnish cousin?
CONTENTS
2 Finnish 2 English 2 Vocabulary 3 Sample Sentences 4 Vocabulary Phrase Usage 5 Grammar 7 Cultural Insight
# 9
COPYRIGHT © 2013 INNOVATIVE LANGUAGE LEARNING. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. FINNISH
1. Helen: Kuka tämä on?
2. Emmi: Se on isoäiti. Isoäidin vieressä on isän veli.
3. Helen: Kuka tuo on?
4. Emmi: Se on isän sisko.
5. Helen: Entä tuo?
6. Emmi: Se on Lauri, isän siskon poika.
ENGLISH
1. Helen: Who's this?
2. Emmi: It's Grandma. Next to Grandma, there's Dad's brother.
3. Helen: Who's that?
4. Emmi: That's Dad's sister.
5. Helen: And what about him?
6. Emmi: That's Lauri, Dad's sister's son.
VOCABULARY
Finnish English Class
poika son; boy noun
FI NNI S HPOD101.COM ABSOLUTE BEGINNER S 1 #9 - IS THIS YOUR FINNIS H COUSIN? 2 äiti mother noun
vieressä next to adverb
sisko sister noun
isoäiti grandmother noun
iso big adjective
isä father noun
veli brother noun
SAMPLE SENTENCES
Tuo poika ostaa jäätelöä. Kallen poika ui hyvin.
"That boy buys some ice cream." "Kalle’s son swims well."
Äit i on puhelimessa. Äiti luki tyttärelleen.
"Mother is on the phone." "The mother read to her daughter."
Jussi istuu Emmin vieressä. Jussin sisko on koulussa.
"Jussi is sitting next to Emmi." "Jussi’s sister is at school."
Minulla on sisko. Isoäiti tekee hyvää
omenapiirakkaa. "I have a sister." "Grandma makes good apple pie."
T iinan koira on iso. Jussin isä on taksinkuljettaja.
"T iina’s dog is big." "Jussi’s father is a taxi driver."
Isä palaa kotiin. Emmin veli on Jussi.
"The father returns home." "Emmi’s brother is Jussi."
FI NNI S HPOD101.COM ABSOLUTE BEGINNER S 1 #9 - IS THIS YOUR FINNIS H COUSIN? 3 Minulla on veli. Veljekset käyvät kylvyssä
illalla. "I have a brother." "The brothers bathe in the evening."
VOCABULARY PHRASE USAGE
...n vieressä ("next to...")
This expression means "next to ...." The thing or person that replaces the three dots is in the genitive case. Vieressä is another one of the inessive-nouns-turned- adverbs. The corresponding noun is vieri (vier-, viere-) meaning "side." isoäiti ("grandmother") and other family terms
Isoäiti is formed in the same way as "grandmother" in English. Iso is "big" and äiti is "mother." Similarly, there is isoisä, "grandfather." If you need to add more generations, you just keep adding iso: isoisoäiti "great-grandmother." Iso is also used to form some other relatives, such as isotäti "great-aunt" and also elder siblings isosisko "big sister" and isoveli "big brother."
Sisko is a more casual form of the formal word sisar (which has come from the Swedish word "syster" that obviously has its roots in the same word as the English "sister").
Some other common relatives not present in the dialogue: tytär "daughter" (note: tytär is only "daughter"; "girl" is tyttö) pikkusisko "little sister" pikkuveli "little brother" setä "father's brother, aunt's husband or any unknown man" eno "mother's brother" täti "aunt or any unknown woman" serkku "cousin" lapsi "child" lapsenlapsi (pojanpoika, pojantytär, tyttärenpoika, tyttärentytär) "grandchild" veljenpoika, sisarenpoika/siskonpoika "nephew"
FI NNI S HPOD101.COM ABSOLUTE BEGINNER S 1 #9 - IS THIS YOUR FINNIS H COUSIN? 4 veljentytär, sisarentytär/siskontytär "niece" anoppi "mother-in-law" appi "father-in-law" miniä "daughter-in-law" vävy "son-in-law" -puoli "step-/half-," e.g. äitipuoli "stepmother," sisarpuoli "stepsister/half-sister." GRAMMAR
The Focus of this Lesson is the Genitive Case Se on isän sisko. "T hat's Dad's sister."
The genitive case has a basic meaning of possession, as in Jussin muki "Jussi's mug." It is the "owner" that is in the genitive case, just like in English (Jussin "Jussi's"). It also has certain grammatical uses.
The genitive ending for singular words is -n. Since Finnish words cannot have two consonants at the end, this ending is attached to the stem that ends in a vowel, just like the inessive ending we saw in the previous lesson:
Nominative Stem Genitive English
muki muki- muki-n mug
isä isä- isä-n father
väsynyt väsynyt-, väsynee-n tired väsynee-
lautanen lautas-, lautase- lautase-n plate
sininen sinis-, sinise- sinise-n blue
If you went carefully through the word stem tables in lesson 8's Lesson Notes, you may have noticed something strange going on. Some words that were only supposed to have one stem were listed as having two stems. This is a phenomenon called "consonant gradation," and it affects the consonants k, p, and t, when an ending is attached that starts with two consonants (such as -ssa) or is a single consonant (such as -n). Here are the most important variations you need to know for now:
FI NNI S HPOD101.COM ABSOLUTE BEGINNER S 1 #9 - IS THIS YOUR FINNIS H COUSIN? 5 -kk, -pp, and -tt become -k, -p, and -t presidentti salaatti piirakka kaappi
-t becomes -d
äiti maito tietää
Because quite a few of the Finnish case endings trigger this phenomenon and there are lots of words that are subject to it, it's something that is seen all the time. Some more recent loan words and names may not follow consonant gradation. For example, auto, "car" becomes auton, autossa instead of *audon, *audossa.
From now on, the words affected by this phenomenon will also have this stem listed in the vocabulary list. It will be in parentheses to keep it distinct from the other stems, like this: salaatti- (salaati-).
For example:
1. Jussin muki on astiankuivauskaapissa. "Jussi's mug is in the dish drying cabinet."
2. Helen katsoo Emmin serkun kuvaa. "Helen looks at the picture of Emmi's cousin."
3. Äidin kahvi on kuumaa. "Mother's coffee is hot."
4. Täm än vihreän lasin vieressä on sininen lautanen. "Next to this green glass, there is a blue plate."
5. Sinisen lautasen vieressä on musta muki. "Next to the blue plate, there is a black mug."
Examples from this Dialogue
FI NNI S HPOD101.COM ABSOLUTE BEGINNER S 1 #9 - IS THIS YOUR FINNIS H COUSIN? 6 1. Isoäidin vieressä on isän veli. "Next to Grandma, there's Dad's brother."
2. Se on isän sisko. "That's Dad's sister."
3. Se on Lauri, isän siskon poika. "That's Lauri, Dad's sister's son."
CULTURAL INSIGHT
The Finnish Family
Finnish families are somewhat looser-knit than those in, for example, Southern Europe or many Asian countries. Children often move out as soon as they come of age, typically because they go to study in another city, but often just to become independent, and they rarely move back in with their parents. Many young people remain in the bigger cities after they finish their studies, and rural areas face decreasing populations and increasing average ages. The amount of contact between family members varies greatly by family. Some have regular contact with their siblings and cousins, while others may see them only at weddings and funerals. Many prefer to spend their time with their friends rather than with their family. Also, the young and the middle-aged tend to be quite busy with their studies, work, and social life, and the elderly are left alone, often in spite of good intentions.
The biggest family gathering of the year is Christmas. Some families also arrange regular family reunions.
FI NNI S HPOD101.COM ABSOLUTE BEGINNER S 1 #9 - IS THIS YOUR FINNIS H COUSIN? 7 LESSON NOTES Absolute Beginner S1 #10 Can your Australian Uncle Speak Finnish?
CONTENTS
2 Finnish 2 English 2 Vocabulary 3 Sample Sentences 4 Vocabulary Phrase Usage 4 Grammar 7 Cultural Insight
# 10
COPYRIGHT © 2013 INNOVATIVE LANGUAGE LEARNING. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. FINNISH
1. Emmi: Maiju, tässä on Helen.
2. Maiju: Hei!
3. Helen: Hei! Minä olen australialainen.
4. Maiju: Oletko vaihto-oppilas?
5. Helen: Kyllä. Käyn suomalaista koulua.
6. Maiju: Onko suomi vaikeaa?
7. Helen: Se on kovin erilaista kuin englanti.
ENGLISH
1. Emmi: Maiju, this is Helen.
2. Maiju: Hi!
3. Helen: Hi! I'm Australian.
4. Maiju: Are you an exchange student?
5. Helen: Yes. I go to a Finnish school.
6. Maiju: Is Finnish difficult?
7. Helen: It's very different from English.
VOCABULARY
FI NNI S HPOD101.COM ABSOLUTE BEGINNER S 1 #10 - CAN YOUR AUSTRALIAN UNCLE S PEAK FINNIS H? 2 Finnish English Class
käydä to go to, to visit verb
suomalainen Finnish adjective
kovin very adverb
australialainen Australian adjective
englantia English noun
vaihto-oppilas exchange student noun
suomi Finnish noun
vaikea difficult adjective
erilainen different adjective
than, as (in kuin comparisons), like conjunction
SAMPLE SENTENCES
Haluan käydä joskus Keniassa. Jari Litmanen on suomalainen
jalkapalloilija. "I want to visit Kenya sometime." "Jari Litmanen is a Finnish soccer player."
Onko tämä suomalaista olutta? Kiina on kovin kaukana
Suomesta. "Is this Finnish beer?" "China is very far from Finland."
Kenguru on australialainen Ville osaa puhua englantia.
eläin. "Ville can speak English." "The kangaroo is an Australian animal."
Hän puhuu englantia. Meillä on saksalainen vaihto-
oppilas. "He speaks English." "We have a German exchange student."
FI NNI S HPOD101.COM ABSOLUTE BEGINNER S 1 #10 - CAN YOUR AUSTRALIAN UNCLE S PEAK FINNIS H? 3 Suomi on suomalais-ugrilainen Opiskeletko sinä suomea? kieli. "Do you study Finnish?" "Finnish is a Finno-Ugric language."
Puhutko sinä suomea? Taitoluistelu on vaikeaa.
"Do you speak Finnish?" "Figure skating is dif f icult."
Tämä lautanen on erilainen Emmi on yhtä pitkä kuin Helen. kuin tuo. "Emmi is as tall as Helen." "This plate is different from that one."
Meksiko on suurempi kuin Belize.
"Mexico is bigger than Belize."
VOCABULARY PHRASE USAGE vaihto-oppilas ("exchange student")
Vaihto-oppilas is a literally "exchange student": vaihto is "exchange" and oppilas is "student" or "pupil." What is notable in this compound word is the hyphen. In a compound word, if the last vowel of the first word is the same as the first vowel of the second word, you need to add a hyphen between them to indicate where the first word ends and the next one begins. In pronunciation, there is a very brief interruption of air flow in the throat between the words. käydä ("to go to," "to visit")
Käydä basically means "to go and come back," or "to go somewhere for a short time." It can be used about individual "goings" as in Käyn huomenna äidin luona ("I will visit Mom tomorrow") or about something you do regularly, as in Käyn suomalaista koulua ("I go to a Finnish school"). GRAMMAR
The Focus of this Lesson is Nationalities and Languages Minä olen australialainen "I'm Aust ralian."
FI NNI S HPOD101.COM ABSOLUTE BEGINNER S 1 #10 - CAN YOUR AUSTRALIAN UNCLE S PEAK FINNIS H? 4
The terms for nationalities and languages are very simple in Finnish. Most country names are very close to the names in other European languages. The language name is usually the same as the country name, if there is a single language associated with the country. Unlike in English, language names are not capitalized. The names of nationalities are formed by adding -lainen/-läinen to the country name. There are three exceptions: Finnish, Swedish, and Russian are not exactly the country name + lainen, but have a small change in the stem before the ending. Like languages, nationalities are not capitalized, either. Note that Finnish does not have separate words for nationality adjectives (such as "Finnish") and nouns indicating a person from that country (such as "Finn"). There is only an adjective that is used for both purposes.
Here are some country names, languages, and nationality adjectives:
Country in Country Language Adject ive English (stem)
Finland Suomi (Suome-) suomi (suome-) suomalainen
Sweden Ruotsi ruotsi ruotsalainen
Rus s ia Venäjä venäjä venäläinen
No rway Norja norja norjalainen
Estonia Viro viro virolainen
Germany Saksa saksa saksalainen
Englanti englanti (Englanti-, (englanti-, England englantilainen Englanni-) englanni-)
Yhdistynyt kuningaskunta / the United britannialainen / (Iso-)Britannia Kingdom brittiläinen / britti (-kunta-, -kunna-)
Yhdysvallat (Yhdysvaltoja, the United States yhdysvaltalainen/ Yhdysvaltojen, of America amerikkalainen Yhdysvalloissa)
France Ranska ranska ranskalainen
FI NNI S HPOD101.COM ABSOLUTE BEGINNER S 1 #10 - CAN YOUR AUSTRALIAN UNCLE S PEAK FINNIS H? 5 Italy Italia italia italialainen
Spain Espanja espanja espanjalainen
Hungary Unkari unkari unkarilainen
China Kiina kiina kiinalainen
Thailand Thaimaa thai thaimaalainen
India Intia [hindi] intialainen
Japan Japani japani japanilainen
Uusi-Seelanti (Uusi-Seelanti-, Ne w Z e aland uusiseelantilainen Uusi-Seelanni-)
Australia Australia australialainen
Tanz ania Tan san ia [swahili] tansanialainen
Morocco Marokko [arabia] marokkolainen
South Africa Etelä-Afrikka [afrikaans eteläafrikkalainen (Afrikka-, Afrika-) (afrikaansi-)]
Canada Kanada kanadalainen
Chile Chile chileläinen
Colombia Kolumbia kolumbialainen
For example:
1. Liisa juo kolumbialaista kahvia. "Liisa drinks Colombian coffee."
2. Lászlo on unkarilainen. "Lászlo is Hungarian."
3. Puhutko suomea? "Do you speak Finnish?"
FI NNI S HPOD101.COM ABSOLUTE BEGINNER S 1 #10 - CAN YOUR AUSTRALIAN UNCLE S PEAK FINNIS H? 6 4. Minnan täti on Kanadassa. "Minna's aunt is in Canada."
5. Minnan setä on kanadalainen. "Minna's uncle is Canadian."
6. Jukka kävi Thaimaassa viime vuonna. "Jukka visited Thailand last year."
7. Luen koulussa ruotsia. "I study Swedish at school."
Examples from this Dialog
1. Minä olen australialainen. "I am Australian."
2. Käyn suomalaista koulua. "I go to a Finnish school."
3. Onko suomi vaikeaa? "Is Finnish difficult?"
4. Se on kovin erilaista kuin englanti. "It's very different from English."
Notes
Almost all country and language names have only one stem (a vowel stem), and it is the same as the nominative form. Only Suomi has a stem vowel (Suome-) that is different from the nominative. A few country names have consonant gradation of a type we have not seen before. In this case, the nominative form has a certain kind of consonant (m, n, l, r) before k, p, or t, and the latter is transformed to the same as the former: kuningaskunta-, kuningaskunna-; Englanti-, Englanni-; Seelanti-, Seelanni-. (This also happens in the name Yhdysvallat "the USA," but because this name is plural, it behaves a bit differently. We will not cover plural conjugation yet, so if you need to use this name, you had better learn the forms by heart from the table above.)
Since all the adjectives end in -nen, they have the normal stem types of all adjectives that end in -nen: suomalais-, suomalaise-.
CULTURAL INSIGHT
FI NNI S HPOD101.COM ABSOLUTE BEGINNER S 1 #10 - CAN YOUR AUSTRALIAN UNCLE S PEAK FINNIS H? 7 Finnish Speakers Around the World
There have been more than one million Finns who have moved permanently to another country over the centuries. The biggest recipient countries have been Sweden, the USA, Canada, and Australia. Recently, quite a few retired Finns have moved to Spain—some permanently, some only for the winter months.
Since Finland was part of Sweden until 1808, Finland has a strong Swedish- speaking minority along the coast and in Ahvenanmaa, but there are few Swedish speakers in other parts of the country. The size of the Swedish-speaking population is about 290,000. After 1808, Finland was under Russian rule for over 100 years. Today, there are approximately 55,000 people in Finland whose mother tongue is Russian. The next biggest language groups are Estonian (28,000), Somalian (13,000) and English (13,000) speakers.
FI NNI S HPOD101.COM ABSOLUTE BEGINNER S 1 #10 - CAN YOUR AUSTRALIAN UNCLE S PEAK FINNIS H? 8 LESSON NOTES Absolute Beginner S1 #11 I Don't Like the Rain in Finland
CONTENTS
2 Finnish 2 English 2 Vocabulary 3 Sample Sentences 3 Vocabulary Phrase Usage 4 Grammar 6 Cultural Insight
# 11
COPYRIGHT © 2013 INNOVATIVE LANGUAGE LEARNING. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. FINNISH
1. Helen: Millainen sää tänään on?
2. Jussi: En tiedä. Hetki, katson ennustetta.
3. Helen: Tarvitsenko sateenvarjoa?
4. Jussi: Et tarvitse. Tänään ei sada.
5. Helen: Hyvä. En kaipaa sadetta.
ENGLISH
1. Helen: What's the weather like today?
2. Jussi: I don't know. Just a moment, I'll have a look at the forecast.
3. Helen: Do I need an umbrella?
4. Jussi: No, you don't. It's not going to rain today.
5. Helen: Good. I don't miss rain.
VOCABULARY
Finnish English Class
tänään today noun
hetki moment noun
sateenvarjo umbrella noun
Millainen what kind of adjective
FI NNI S HPOD101.COM ABSOLUTE BEGINNER S 1 #11 - I DON'T LIKE THE RAIN IN FINLAND 2 sade rain noun
sää weather noun
katsoa to look at, to watch verb
ennuste forecast noun
sataa to rain verb
kaivata to need, to miss verb
SAMPLE SENTENCES
Olen tänään kiireinen. Hetki, tulen pian.
"I’m busy today." "Just a moment, I’ll come soon."
Saisinko tuon sateenvarjon? Millaista koulua Helen käy?
"May I have that umbrella, please?" "What kind of a school does Helen go to?"
Millainen sää Helsingissä on? Sade alkaa aamulla.
"What's the weather like in "The rain will start in the morning." Helsinki?"
Sade putoaa kadulle. Eilen oli hyvä sää.
"The rain is falling on the street." "The weather was nice yesterday."
Maiju katsoo elokuvaa. Ennuste ei lupaa hyvää.
"Maiju is watching a movie." "The forecast doesn’t promise well."
En mene ulos, siellä sataa. En kaipaa neuvoja.
"I’m not going out, it’s raining." "I don’t want any advice."
VOCABULARY PHRASE USAGE
FI NNI S HPOD101.COM ABSOLUTE BEGINNER S 1 #11 - I DON'T LIKE THE RAIN IN FINLAND 3 millainen
Millainen comes from minkä + lainen. Minkä is the genitive form of mikä, and - lainen is the adjective-forming ending that makes also country names into adjectives. We also have sellainen (from sen + lainen) "like it" and tuollainen (from tuon + lainen) "like that," and tällainen/tälläinen (from tämän + lainen) "like this." For some reason, the non-vowel-harmony-compliant tällainen is the form used in written texts, though tälläinen is common in spoken Finnish. sateenvarjo
Sateenvarjo is formed from the genitive form sateen of the noun sade "rain," and the word varjo "shadow, shade." Literally, then, it means "shade of rain." Similarly, we have päivänvarjo, which is a "parasol." GRAMMAR
The Focus of this Lesson is Us ing Negative Forms of Verbs En tiedä. "I don't know."
The word ei is actually a verb. It is not a full verb, and it only has limited conjugation, but it is still a verb. It changes according to the person just like other verbs. In fact, it steals the personal ending from the main verb, so that only the stem of the main verb remains in the negative statement. Ei is inserted before the main verb.
minä tiedän minä en tiedä I don't know
sinä tiedät sinä et tiedä you don't know
hän tietää hän ei tiedä he/she doesn't know
minä tarvitsen minä en tarvitse I don't need
sinä tarvitset sinä et tarvitse you don't need
hän tarvitsee hän ei tarvitse he/she doesn't need
minä käyn minä en käy I don't visit
sinä käyt sinä et käy you don't visit
hän käy hän ei käy he/she doesn't visit
minä olen minä en ole I am not
FI NNI S HPOD101.COM ABSOLUTE BEGINNER S 1 #11 - I DON'T LIKE THE RAIN IN FINLAND 4 sinä olet sinä et ole you are not hän on hän ei ole he/she is not
Note that the remaining main verb stem is the same, namely the one that is used for 1st and 2nd persons in the affirmative, for all persons in the negative. Even for verbs where the 3rd person has a different stem in the affirmative, in the negative the stem is the same for all.
Sample Sentences
1. Jussi ei syö omenaa. "Jussi does not eat apple."
2. Minä en puhu puolaa. "I don't speak Polish."
3. Etkö tiedä Maijan serkun nimeä? "Don't you know the name of Maija's cousin?"
4. Eikö isän sateenvarjo ole täällä? "Isn't Dad's umbrella here?"
5. Huomenna ei ole aurinkoista. "It's not going to be sunny tomorrow."
Examples from this Dialogue
1. En tiedä. "I don't know."
2. Et tarvitse. "No, you don't need (one)."
3. Tän ään ei sada. "It's not going to rain today."
4. En kaipaa sadetta. "I don't want any rain."
FI NNI S HPOD101.COM ABSOLUTE BEGINNER S 1 #11 - I DON'T LIKE THE RAIN IN FINLAND 5 Notes
Finnish does not have a future tense. The present tense is used for future events, as in the sentence Tän ään ei sada: "It will not rain today."
Note that the stem consonant change for the verb tietää (hän tietää - minä tiedän) is caused by the same phenomenon that causes the change in äiti - äidin.
CULTURAL INSIGHT
The Weather in Finland
Finland has relatively warm summers and cold winters. However, since the country extends 1000km from south to north, there are great regional differences. Winters are longer and colder in the north and east than in the south and west. In most winters, there is snow in all Finland at least for some time. In Southern Finland, though, snow may be on and off on warm winters, but it is also possible to have very snowy, cold winters with temperatures constantly below the freezing point and dropping to around -30 degrees Celsius during the coldest periods. In the summer, daily temperatures are usually around 20 degrees Celsius, and occasionally rise above 25 and rarely above 30 degrees. Most of the time, the weather is rather difficult to forecast. November is the time when most Finns wish they could be somewhere else. The sun rises late and sets early, all the colorful leaves have fallen and turned into wet pulp on the roadside, and it is cold and wet with no snow to lighten up the scenery. February with the sparkling snow and summer with the long days are something different entirely.
FI NNI S HPOD101.COM ABSOLUTE BEGINNER S 1 #11 - I DON'T LIKE THE RAIN IN FINLAND 6 LESSON NOTES Absolute Beginner S1 #12 Talking About your Hobbies in Finnish
CONTENTS
2 Finnish 2 English 2 Vocabulary 3 Sample Sentences 4 Vocabulary Phrase Usage 4 Grammar 6 Cultural Insight
# 12
COPYRIGHT © 2013 INNOVATIVE LANGUAGE LEARNING. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. FINNISH
1. Emmi: Mitä sinä harrastat?
2. Helen: Soitan kitaraa ja uin. Entä sinä?
3. Emmi: Minä pelaan sählyä. Minä myös luen paljon.
4. Helen: Muuten, vieläkö luet tuota kirjaa?
5. Emmi: En, luin sen jo.
ENGLISH
1. Emmi: What hobbies do you have?
2. Helen: I play the guitar and swim. What about you?
3. Emmi: I play floorball. I also read a lot.
4. Helen: By the way, are you still reading that book?
5. Emmi: No, I already finished it.
VOCABULARY
Finnish English Class
kitara guitar noun
uida swim verb
lukea to read verb
harrastaa to do as a hobby verb
FI NNI S HPOD101.COM ABSOLUTE BEGINNER S 1 #12 - TALKING ABOUT YOUR HOBBIES IN FINNIS H 2 kirja book noun
soittaa to play (instrument) verb
pelata to play (sports, games) verb
sähly floorball noun
paljon much, many adverb
muuten by the way adverb
SAMPLE SENTENCES
Ostan ensi vuonna uuden Monet rockmuusikot soittavat kitaran. kitaraa.
"I will buy a new guitar next year." "Many rock musicians play the guitar."
Uin kilometrin joka lauantai. Nainen ui altaassa.
"I swim one kilometer every "The woman is swimming in the Saturday." pool."
Lähettäjän nimi lukee Isä lukee lehden aamulla.
paketissa. "Dad reads the newspaper in the "The sender’s name is stated on morning." the package."
Olen pahoillani, en osaa lukea Liisa harrastaa tennistä.
nimeäsi. "Liisa goes in for tennis." "I'm sorry, I can't read your name." (formal)
Luen tämän kirjan huomenna. Soitatko vielä pianoa?
"I will read this book tomorrow." "Do you still play the piano?"
Jussi pelaa jääkiekkoa. Sähly on vauhdikas laji.
"Jussi plays ice hockey." "Floorball is a brisk sport."
FI NNI S HPOD101.COM ABSOLUTE BEGINNER S 1 #12 - TALKING ABOUT YOUR HOBBIES IN FINNIS H 3 Jussi syö paljon salaattia. T iedätkö muuten, mitä
tarkoittaa “salibandy”? "Jussi eats a lot of salad." "By the way, do you know what “salibandy” means?"
VOCABULARY PHRASE USAGE soittaa, pelata ("to play")
English has a single verb for playing sports, games, and instruments. In Finnish, however, the verb used in connection with instruments (and telephones) is soittaa, while the verb used in connection with sports and games is pelata. sähly ("floorball")
Sähly is a kind of floor hockey that is very popular in Finland. It is often played by groups of friends or colleagues for fun. There is a variation called salibandy (pronounced like salibändi) that is played in a more organized and competitive manner. Strictly speaking, sähly and salibandy have different rules, but people (especially people who do not play the game seriously) often use sähly for any casual game using the floorball sticks and ball, regardless of rules. GRAMMAR
The Focus of this Lesson is the Case of Objects Vieläkö luet tuota kirjaa? - En, luin sen jo. "Are you still reading that book? - No, I already finished it."
The object of a sentence can be in one of four cases in Finnish: partitive, genitive, accusative, or nominative. In this lesson, we will be ignoring the accusative and nominative, because the accusative only exists for certain pronouns, and the nominative is used in sentence structures we have not yet covered. There is a clear difference in meaning between partitive objects and objects in any of the other cases. In essence, the difference has to do with partialness as opposed to completeness. Here are the guidelines in a nutshell:
An object is in the partitive case, when:
• The action is habitual or ongoing
FI NNI S HPOD101.COM ABSOLUTE BEGINNER S 1 #12 - TALKING ABOUT YOUR HOBBIES IN FINNIS H 4 • The action only affects some part of the object • The verb is negative
An object is in the genitive/accusative/nominative case, when:
• The action is finished or will be finished at a certain point • The action affects the entire object • The verb is affirmative
Sample Sentences:
Partitive object Genitive object
Soitan pianoa. "I play the piano." Ostan pianon. En osta pianoa. "I will buy a piano." "I will not buy a piano."
Osaan soittaa "Finlandiaa." Osaan soittaa "Finlandian." "I can play some of the "Finlandia."" "I can play the (entire) "Finlandia.""
Emmi syö omenaa. "Emmi eats apple. (in general) / Emmi is eating some/an/the apple." Emmi ei syö omenaa. Emmi syö omenan. "Emmi does not eat apple. (in "Emmi eats an/the (entire) apple." general) / Emmi is not eating any/an/ the apple."
Pe laan jalkap allo a. Lopetan jalkapallon. "I play soccer." "I'm going to quit soccer."
Examples from this Dialogue
FI NNI S HPOD101.COM ABSOLUTE BEGINNER S 1 #12 - TALKING ABOUT YOUR HOBBIES IN FINNIS H 5 1. Mitä sinä harrastat? (partitive) "What hobbies do you have?"
2. Soitan kitaraa. (partitive) "I play the guitar."
3. Minä pelaan sählyä. (partitive) "I play floorball."
4. Vieläkö luet tuota kirjaa? (partitive) "Are you still reading that book?"
5. En, luin sen jo. (genitive) "No, I already finished it."
Consonant Gradation
Note the changes in the stems of the verbs soittaa "to play" and lukea "to read": minä soitan, sinä soitat, hän soittaa minä luen, sinä luet, hän lukee
CULTURAL INSIGHT
Popular Pastimes in Finland
The biggest team sports in Finland are soccer, floorball, and ice hockey. Recently, the number of people doing skating and gymnastics has increased considerably, probably because of international success in women's figure skating and aesthetic group gymnastics. Cross-country skiing and track-and-field are some of the traditional big sports that have lost in popularity to the many new sports. A lot of people go swimming, running or cycling. Most cities have good cycle paths, and from spring to autumn, many go to work or school by bike. Finland also has an extensive network of libraries where people can borrow books, CDs and DVDs, and many Finns read regularly. Quite a few people are interested in photography. Handicrafts have become more popular lately, and there was even a trend where teenage boys would crochet their own caps. Of course, computer games are popular, and many are eager bloggers or just hang around on the Internet.
FI NNI S HPOD101.COM ABSOLUTE BEGINNER S 1 #12 - TALKING ABOUT YOUR HOBBIES IN FINNIS H 6 LESSON NOTES Absolute Beginner S1 #13 Give Me a Lesson in Finnish!
CONTENTS
2 Finnish 2 English 2 Vocabulary 3 Sample Sentences 4 Vocabulary Phrase Usage 4 Grammar 7 Cultural Insight
# 13
COPYRIGHT © 2013 INNOVATIVE LANGUAGE LEARNING. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. FINNISH
1. Emmi: Tule jo !
2. Helen: Odota vähän, puen vain takin.
3. Emmi: Jussi, anna tuo kirja.
4. Jussi: Ole hyvä.
5. Emmi: Kiitos.
6. Jussi: Älä unohda puhelinta.
ENGLISH
1. Emmi: Come already!
2. Helen: Wait a little, I'll just put on my jacket.
3. Emmi: Jussi, give me that book.
4. Jussi: Here you are.
5. Emmi: Thank you.
6. Jussi: Don't forget your phone.
VOCABULARY
Finnish English Class
odottaa to wait verb
FI NNI S HPOD101.COM ABSOLUTE BEGINNER S 1 #13 - GIVE ME A LESS ON IN FINNIS H! 2 vähän a bit, a little, a few adverb
takki jacket, coat noun
tulla to come verb
puhelin telephone noun
jo already adverb
to put on (clothes), to pukea dress (someone) verb
vain only, just particle
antaa to give verb
unohtaa to forget verb
SAMPLE SENTENCES
Odotan sinua puistossa. Matkustaja odotti junaa.
"I will wait for you in the park." "The traveler waited for the train."
Saisinko vähän teetä? Minulla on vähän päänsärkyä.
"May I have a little tea, please?" "I have a bit of a headache."
Onko tämä takki lämmin? Tulen huomenna.
"Is this coat warm?" "I will come tomorrow."
Tyttö tulee kohti Jussi on taas puhelimessa.
videokameraa. "Jussi is on the phone again." "The girl comes towards the video camera."
Tuo puhelin ei toimi. Maiju on jo iso tyttö.
"That phone doesn't work." "Maiju is a big girl already."
Pue päällesi jotain lämmintä. Otan vain yhden perunan.
"Put on something warm." "I’ll just take one potato."
FI NNI S HPOD101.COM ABSOLUTE BEGINNER S 1 #13 - GIVE ME A LESS ON IN FINNIS H! 3 Jussi antaa Emmille kirjan. Isä antoi kolikoita.
"Jussi gives Emmi a book." "The father gave coins."
Unohdan aina, missä lasini ovat. Mies unohtaa vyönsä.
"I always forget where my glasses "The man forgets his belt." are."
VOCABULARY PHRASE USAGE vähän ("a little," "a few")
Unlike "little" and "few" in English, the Finnish word vähän can be used with both mass nouns and countable nouns. For example vähän mustikkapiirakkaa "a little blueberry pie" or vähän mustikoita "a few blueberries." Note, however, that when a mass noun follows vähän, it is in the singular partitive form (mustikkapiirakkaa), while a countable noun will be in the plural partitive form (mustikoita). (We will learn about the plural partitive form later in this series.)
pukea ("to put on clothes")
This verb always takes an object. The object can be either a piece of clothing, as in Helen pukee takin päälle "Helen puts on a jacket," or the person on whom the clothes are being put, as in äiti pukee lapsen "the mother dresses the child."
takki ("jacket," "coat")
Takki can be basically used of any garment that is worn on the upper body on top of other clothes, has sleeves, and can be opened from the front. It can be short or long, and made of GRAMMAR
The Focus of this Lesson is the Imperat ive Form of Verbs Jussi, anna tuo kirja. "Jussi, give me that book."
The imperative is used when giving commands or instructions to other people. Apart from the 1st person singular, there are separate imperative forms for all the persons Finnish has personal endings for (you, he/she, we, you all, they).
FI NNI S HPOD101.COM ABSOLUTE BEGINNER S 1 #13 - GIVE ME A LESS ON IN FINNIS H! 4 Like in many other languages, the imperative is a somewhat blunt way of telling people what to do, and it is not appropriate in all situations. For example, at dinner it is much better to say Saisinko salaattia "May I have some salad, please" than to say Anna salaattia "Give me some salad." Still, there are many occasions when it is used naturally with no hint of rudeness. For example, you would use the imperative when giving someone instructions on how to get somewhere or how to perform a task.
Formation of the Second Person Singular Imperat ive
The formation of the "you"-imperative is really a piece of cake, if you know how to form a normal statement with that verb. The imperative is really just the stem to which the 1st and 2nd person endings are attached, without the endings. If the stem is subject to consonant changes, then the stem you want is the one that is listed in parentheses in the vocabulary list. For example, for odottaa "to wait" the correct stem is
The negation verb ei has an irregular imperative. The imperative of ei in the 2nd person singular is älä.
Inf init ive Statement Imperat ive
mennä sinä menet mene! "to go" "you go" "go!"
odottaa sinä odotat odota! "to wait" "you wait" "wait!"
antaa sinä annat anna! "to give" "you give" "give!"
tulla sinä tulet tule! "to come" "you come" "come!"
unohtaa sinä et unohda älä unohda! "to forget" "you do not forget" "do not forget!"
Subjects and Objects in Imperat ive Sentences
Note that 2nd person imperative sentences do not have subjects. It is true that in the dialogue, we had the sentence Jussi, anna tuo kirja "Jussi, give me that book," but even there, "Jussi" is not really a subject, it is just an attention-grabber to get Jussi's attention before the command.
In lesson 12, we discussed the differences between partitive objects and genitive
FI NNI S HPOD101.COM ABSOLUTE BEGINNER S 1 #13 - GIVE ME A LESS ON IN FINNIS H! 5 objects, and we also mentioned that sometimes objects can be in the nominative (dictionary form). In an imperative sentence, an object that would normally be in the genitive, is in the nominative instead. The nominative is usually the case of the subject, but in sentences that cannot have a normal subject, the object "inherits" the nominative form. Thus, we have Jussi antaa kirjan Emmille "Jussi gives the book to Emmi" with a genitive object but Anna kirja Emmille "Give the book to Emmi" with a nominative object. The situations where a partitive object is used are the same as before.
Sample Sentences
1. Tu le tänne. "Come here."
2. Soita kitaraa. "Play the guitar."
3. Lue tämä kirja tänään. "Read this book today."
4. Lue tätä kirjaa tänään. "Read some of this book today."
5. Ota tuo sateenvarjo. "Take that umbrella."
Examples from this Dialogue
1. Tu le jo! "Come already."
2. Odota vähän. "Wait a little."
3. Jussi, anna tuo kirja. "Jussi, give me that book."
4. Ole hyvä. "Here you are." (Lit. "be good")
5. Älä unohda puhelinta. "Don't forget your phone."
FI NNI S HPOD101.COM ABSOLUTE BEGINNER S 1 #13 - GIVE ME A LESS ON IN FINNIS H! 6 Pronunciation Tip
Finnish has quite a good one-to-one mapping between letters of the alphabet and sounds. If you know how each letter is pronounced, you can just pick up a newspaper and start reading, and you will get the pronunciation mostly correct. There are a few exceptions, though, and the imperative is one of them. When the imperative is followed by a word that begins with a consonant, it sounds like there was a similar consonant at the end of the imperative.
Written Sounds like
Tu le tänne. Tu let tänne. "Come here."
Tu le jo. Tu lej jo. "Come already."
Tu le vasta huomenna. Tu lev vasta huomenna. "Come only tomorrow."
Tu le meille. Tu lem meille. "Come to our place."
If the next word begins with a vowel, there is a brief interruption of the air flow in the throat (a glottal stop, if you are familiar with phonetic terminology) between the words.
This is just a small detail, so do not worry if you do not remember it. You can get along just fine in Finnish even without duplicating the consonants. But it will make you sound more natural if you do it the right way.
CULTURAL INSIGHT
Punctuality in Finland
Finns appreciate punctuality, and in this time of global economy they are sometimes exasperated by colleagues and partners from other countries where things may happen a bit later. Of course, this does not mean that Finns are always on time. Let us say that most Finns try to be on time most of the time. The requirement of punctuality also depends on the situation. If you are a few minutes late for a meeting with a friend, it is usually not a big deal, but being late for a business meeting does not give a good impression, even though it is probably not a deal-breaker, if other things are in your favor. There is also the concept of an
FI NNI S HPOD101.COM ABSOLUTE BEGINNER S 1 #13 - GIVE ME A LESS ON IN FINNIS H! 7 "academic quarter," which originally meant that University lectures started fifteen minutes past the hour. These days, it is also used outside of academia as a more general principle that the actual start of social events and parties will not take place until a quarter of an hour after the stated time so that people have time to get in and find themselves a seat and so on. If the starting time of an event is stated as "18," you can assume you do not need to be there on the hour, but if the starting time is stated as "18:00," it is better to be punctual. Note that we use the 24-hour clock.
FI NNI S HPOD101.COM ABSOLUTE BEGINNER S 1 #13 - GIVE ME A LESS ON IN FINNIS H! 8 LESSON NOTES Absolute Beginner S1 #14 Where Did My Finnish Book Go?
CONTENTS
2 Finnish 2 English 2 Vocabulary 3 Sample Sentences 4 Vocabulary Phrase Usage 4 Grammar 6 Cultural Insight
# 14
COPYRIGHT © 2013 INNOVATIVE LANGUAGE LEARNING. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. FINNISH
1. Liisa: Helen, auttaisitko vähän?
2. Helen: To tta kai.
3. Liisa: Pese salaatti ja laita se kulhoon.
4. Helen: Selvä.
5. Liisa: Laita kala uuniin ja pasta kattilaan.
6. Helen: OK.
ENGLISH
1. Liisa: Helen, could you help a little?
2. Helen: Sure.
3. Liisa: Wash the salad and put it in the bowl.
4. Helen: All right.
5. Liisa: Put the fish into the oven and the pasta in the stockpot.
6. Helen: OK.
VOCABULARY
Finnish English Class
laittaa to put, to prepare food verb
FI NNI S HPOD101.COM ABSOLUTE BEGINNER S 1 #14 - WHERE DID MY FINNIS H BOOK GO? 2 kulho bowl noun
uuni oven noun
auttaa to help verb
pestä to wash verb
selvä all right, clear, obvious adjective
kala fish noun
pasta pasta noun
OK (ookoo) ok expression
SAMPLE SENTENCES
Laita kattila tuohon. Laitan salaatin yleensä tähän
kulhoon. "Put the stockpot there." "I usually put salad in this bowl."
Onko uuni jo kuuma? Mies jynssäsi uunia.
"Is the oven hot already?" "The man scrubbed the oven."
Voinko auttaa? Pojat auttavat äitiään
"May I help you?" "The sons help their mother."
Pese kädet, ennen kuin alat Tyttö pesee kasvojaan.
laittaa ruokaa. "The girl washes her face." "Wash your hands bef ore you start cooking."
Kaikki on selvää. Valas ei ole kala.
"Everything is clear." "The whale is not a fish."
Syön usein pastaa. OK, tulen ihan pian.
"I often eat pasta." "OK, I’ll come in a minute."
FI NNI S HPOD101.COM ABSOLUTE BEGINNER S 1 #14 - WHERE DID MY FINNIS H BOOK GO? 3 Kyllä, se on OK (ookoo).
"Yes, it's ok."
VOCABULARY PHRASE USAGE laittaa ("to put;" "to prepare food")
The verb laittaa has two main meanings. On the one hand, it means "to put something somewhere." On the other hand, it means "to prepare a meal." When used in the sense of cooking, it is followed by the word ruokaa "food" or a specific dish: Äiti laittaa hyvää ruokaa "Mother makes good food"; Äiti laittaa tänään lihapullia "Mother is going to make meat balls today."
selvä ("all right;" "clear," "obvious")
The word selvä can be used in a wide variety of contexts. In the dialogue, it was used as an acknowledgement of a task. In that case, it can be translated as "all right" or "roger." In other contexts, it can mean "clear," "untangled," "obvious," "distinct," and even "sober" (= not drunk). GRAMMAR
The Focus of this Lesson is the Illat ive case, Which Expresses Movement into Something or Somewhere. Laita kala uuniin ja pasta kattilaan. "Put the fish into the oven and the pasta in the stockpot."
Back in lesson 8, we learned the inessive case that is used to express that something is "in" somewhere: Muki on kaapissa "The mug is in the cabinet." In this lesson, we will learn the case that is used when putting the mug into the cabinet in the first place.
If the word stem ends in a single vowel, the illative case is formed by extending that vowel and adding an -n at the end. For example, the stem of kaappi is kaappi-, so we extend i and add an -n: kaappiin.
However, if there already is a long vowel at the end of the word, as in tee "tea," you add an h in the middle: teehen.
Nominative Stem Illat ive English
FI NNI S HPOD101.COM ABSOLUTE BEGINNER S 1 #14 - WHERE DID MY FINNIS H BOOK GO? 4 lasi lasi- lasiin glass kahvi kahvi- kahviin coffee
Suomi Suome- Suomeen Finland koulu koulu- kouluun school sininen sinis-, sinise- siniseen blue sää sää- säähän weather salaatti salaatti- (salaati-) salaattiin salad
Sample Sentences
1. Laitatko teehen sokeria? "Do you put sugar in your tea?"
2. Laita muki kaappiin. "Put the mug into the cabinet."
3. Menen huomenna Helsinkiin. "I will go to Helsinki tomorrow."
Examples from this Dialogue
1. Pese salaatti ja laita se kulhoon. "Wash the salad and put it in the bowl."
2. Laita kala uuniin ja pasta kattilaan. "Put the fish into the oven and the pasta in the stockpot."
Some Less Concrete Us e s of the Illat ive Case
Illative has other uses that are more or less related to its basic meaning, but do not necessarily involve concrete movement into something. Many verbs, such as tutustua "to get to know," rakastua "to fall in love with," and väsyä "to get tired of" take an illative complement.
FI NNI S HPOD101.COM ABSOLUTE BEGINNER S 1 #14 - WHERE DID MY FINNIS H BOOK GO? 5 For example:
1. Pallo osui Jussiin. "The ball hit Jussi."
2. Jussin päähän tuli kuhmu. "Jussi got a knot on his head." (Lit. "a knot came into Jussi's head")
3. Siirrän tapaamisen toiseen päivään. "I will move the appointment to another day."
4. Käänny vasempaan. "Turn left."
5. Oli hauska tutustua Emmiin. "It was nice to get to know Emmi."
6. Menen nyt syömään. "I'm off to eat now."
CULTURAL INSIGHT
Finns' Favorite Foods
These days, Finns eat many of the same dishes that are common in so many other countries, such as pizza, pasta, tortillas, hamburgers, and sushi. Chinese and Indian restaurants are not hard to find. But there are still many traditional dishes that stand up to the competition. One of them is silakkapihvit, or fried Baltic herrings with mashed potatoes. People do not necessarily make them at home, but they are a favorite whenever they are served at restaurants at lunchtime. Another traditional dish is karjalanpaisti, a stew of pork and beef, sometimes also mutton, that is cooked in the oven for a long time at a relatively low temperature. Children love meatballs with mashed potatoes—or with French fries, as kids' menus usually have them these days. One of the things Finns miss most when abroad is rye bread. In many countries bread is mainly white wheat bread, but Finns like their bread dark and tasty.
FI NNI S HPOD101.COM ABSOLUTE BEGINNER S 1 #14 - WHERE DID MY FINNIS H BOOK GO? 6 LESSON NOTES Absolute Beginner S1 #15 Greetings from Finland!
CONTENTS
2 Finnish 2 English 2 Vocabulary 3 Sample Sentences 3 Vocabulary Phrase Usage 4 Grammar 5 Cultural Insight
# 15
COPYRIGHT © 2013 INNOVATIVE LANGUAGE LEARNING. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. FINNISH
1. Liisa: Kala on valmis. Ota se pois uunista.
2. Helen: Selvä.
3. Liisa: Kaada pastakattilasta vesi pois.
4. Helen: Selvä.
5. Liisa: Ota maito ja voi jääkaapista. Hae sitten Emmi ja Jussi yläkerrasta.
ENGLISH
1. Liisa: The fish is ready. Take it out of the oven.
2. Helen: All right.
3. Liisa: Pour the water out of the pasta stockpot.
4. Helen: All right.
5. Liisa: Take out milk and butter from the fridge. Then go and get Emmi and Jussi from upstairs.
VOCABULARY
Finnish English Class
jääkaappi fridge noun
voi butter noun
sitten then adverb
FI NNI S HPOD101.COM ABSOLUTE BEGINNER S 1 #15 - GREETINGS FROM FINLAND! 2 hakea to fetch, to pick up verb
yläkerta upstairs noun
vesi water noun
pois away, off adverb
kaataa to pour, to turn over verb
SAMPLE SENTENCES
Ota salaatti jääkaapista. Voi on kovaa.
"Take the salad from the fridge." "The butter is hard."
Käy kaupassa ja laita sitten Haenko Kaisan koulusta?
ruokaa. "Shall I pick up Kaisa from "Go to the grocery store and then school?" prepare the meal."
Emmi on yläkerrassa. Vesi on kylmää.
"Emmi is upstairs." "The water is cold."
Nainen juo vettä. Mene pois!
"The woman drinks water." "Go away!"
Emäntä kaataa kahvia.
"The hostess is serving coffee."
VOCABULARY PHRASE USAGE kaataa ("to turn over," "to pour")
The basic meaning of kaataa is "to turn over" or "to knock over." In the case of liquids, it is usually translated as "to pour," but you can use this verb with just about anything that can be moved from a vertical position to a horizontal position, such as bowling pins, mugs, flower vases, and trees—even animals, in which case it
FI NNI S HPOD101.COM ABSOLUTE BEGINNER S 1 #15 - GREETINGS FROM FINLAND! 3 usually means "to shoot."
yläkerta ("upstairs")
This is a compound word that consists of the parts ylä- and kerta. Ylä- is not used as an independent word by itself, but it appears in a number of compound words. Its opposite is ala-, so alakerta is "downstairs." Other pairs like this include yläkaappi "wall cabinet" - alakaappi "base cabinet," ylähylly "top shelf" - alahylly "bottom shelf" and yläpuoli "top half" - alapuoli "bottom half." GRAMMAR
The Focus of this Lesson is the Elative Case, which Expresses Movement Out of Somewhere. Ota se pois uunista. "Take it out of the oven."
The elative is the last member of the trio of so-called "inner locative cases" that express existence in, movement into, and movement out of something. Just like we have seen with the previous cases, it has both very concrete and rather abstract use cases, and it is also used in connection with certain verbs.
The elative ending is -sta/-stä. If the word has different stems, it is attached to the same stem as the genitive and inessive case endings. For example kaappi: kaapin, kaapissa, kaapista (but kaappia and kaappiin in the partitive and illative, respectively).
Nominative Stem Elative English
lasi lasi- lasista glass
tee tee- teestä tea
piirakka piirakka- (piiraka-) piirakasta pie
salaatti salaatti- (salaati-) salaatista salad
sininen sinis-, sinise- sinisestä blue
For example:
1. Liisa ottaa kaapista lasin. "Liisa takes a glass from the cabinet."
FI NNI S HPOD101.COM ABSOLUTE BEGINNER S 1 #15 - GREETINGS FROM FINLAND! 4 2. Emmi ottaa omenapiirakan uunista. "Emmi takes the apple pie out of the oven."
3. Jussi ottaa laukusta kirjan. "Jussi takes a book from the bag."
4. Minä olen Australiasta. "I'm from Australia."
5. Teen vanhasta takista liivin. "I'm going to make a vest out of an old jacket."
6. Takist a puuttuu nappi. "There is a button missing from the coat."
Examples From this Dialogue
1. Ota se pois uunista. "Take it out of the oven."
2. Kaada pastakattilasta vesi pois. "Pour the water out of the pasta stockpot."
3. Ota maito ja voi jääkaapista. "Take milk and butter from the fridge."
4. Hae sitten Emmi ja Jussi yläkerrasta. "Then go and get Emmi and Jussi from upstairs."
CULTURAL INSIGHT
How Much Do Finns Like Milk?
Milk is one of the most common drinks at meals in Finland. Even adults drink milk a lot. There is a wide variety of milk available, from fat-free to almost full-fat, low- lactose and lactose-free milk for those who do not tolerate lactose, ecologically produced milk, and even milk that has been extracted during the night (that supposedly may help you fall asleep more quickly in the evening). Some people drink cultured buttermilk, but there are also many who will not touch it because of the sour taste. Most people who do not drink milk drink water, and that usually means tap water, though there are also many who drink sparkling water or bottled
FI NNI S HPOD101.COM ABSOLUTE BEGINNER S 1 #15 - GREETINGS FROM FINLAND! 5 water. The idea of carrying bottled water home from the grocery store was largely considered ridiculous not very long ago, and there have actually been studies showing that the quality of Finnish tap water is better than that of bottled waters. Some drink beer or kotikalja "home beer," which is a kind of near-beer that is easy to make at home. Wine is mostly drunk with dinner at a restaurant or on special occasions at home. Sugary soft drinks are associated with fast food such as hamburgers and pizza.
FI NNI S HPOD101.COM ABSOLUTE BEGINNER S 1 #15 - GREETINGS FROM FINLAND! 6 LESSON NOTES Absolute Beginner S1 #16 Come to Finland With Me!
CONTENTS
2 Finnish 2 English 2 Vocabulary 3 Sample Sentences 3 Vocabulary Phrase Usage 4 Grammar 6 Cultural Insight
# 16
COPYRIGHT © 2013 INNOVATIVE LANGUAGE LEARNING. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. FINNISH
1. Jussi: Haenko videovuokraamosta jonkin elokuvan?
2. Emmi: Hyvä ajatus. Minä käyn samalla kirjastossa.
3. Jussi: Helen, tuletko mukaan videovuokraamoon ja kirjastoon?
4. Helen: Mielelläni.
ENGLISH
1. Jussi: Shall I get a movie from the video rental store?
2. Emmi: That's a good idea. I'll drop in at the library on the way.
3. Jussi: Helen, will you come along to the video rental store and library?
4. Helen: I'd love to.
VOCABULARY
Finnish English Class
mukaan along adverb
mielelläni I’d love to, with pleasure phrase
elokuva movie noun
ajatus thought, idea noun
videovuokraamo video rental store noun
some (object), jokin something pronoun
FI NNI S HPOD101.COM ABSOLUTE BEGINNER S 1 #16 - COME TO FINLAND WITH ME! 2 on the same (way), at the samalla same (time) pronoun
kirjasto library noun
SAMPLE SENTENCES
Tuletko mukaan elokuviin? Katsoisin mielelläni tuon
elokuvan. "Would you like to come along to the movies?" "I would like to watch that movie."
Tässä elokuvassa on Peter Sehän on loistava ajatus!
Franzén. "That’s a brilliant idea!" "This movie features Peter Franzén."
Tässä videovuokraamossa on Haluatko syödä jotakin?
hyvä valikoima. "Would you like to eat "There’s a good selection in this something?" video rental store."
Kun menet kouluun, veisitkö Lainaan kirjastosta jonkin samalla tämän kirjeen Koiramäki-kirjan.
postilaatikkoon? "I’m going to borrow a Doghill "When you go to school, could book from the library." you take this letter to the mailbox on the way?"
Lukion oppilaat opiskelivat kirjastossa.
"The high school students studied in the library."
VOCABULARY PHRASE USAGE jokin ("some (object)," "something")
FI NNI S HPOD101.COM ABSOLUTE BEGINNER S 1 #16 - COME TO FINLAND WITH ME! 3 This word is a bit tricky in terms of declension, because the case endings do not go to the end as they usually do, but in the middle. This is because the -kin is actually an enclitic particle that has formed a lexicalized compound with joka. So the word is actually joka+kin, where joka is declined just as usual (except for that the -ka is omitted from the nominative and genitive forms), and -kin is then just added to the end. In some cases, the k may be omitted. So, in the cases we have learned so far, the forms are: jokin, jota(k)in, jonkin, jossa(k)in, josta(k)in, johonkin.
It can be used together with a noun as in jokin kirja "some book," or alone as in Etsitkö jotakin? "Are you looking for something?" In both cases, the implication is that the exact identity of the thing is not known.
mielelläni ("I'd love to," "with pleasure")
We are not going to go into the details of the formation of this word here, but note that you can only use it of yourself. You cannot use it to say what someone else would like to do. GRAMMAR
The Focus of this Lesson is Invit ing Someone Along, with a Review of the Inner Locative Cases. Tuletko mukaan videovuokraamoon ja kirjastoon? "Will you come along to the video rental store and library?"
When you want to invite someone along, the phrase to use is Tu let ko mukaan...followed by the place in the illative case. This is a rather straightforward way of asking someone along, and there are more polite ways of doing it, but this is fine among friends and colleagues, when you do not need to be extra polite.
For example:
1. Tu let ko mukaan kirjastoon? "Will you come along to the library?"
2. Tu let ko mukaan kauppaan? "Will you come along to the store?"
3. Tu let ko mukaan puistoon? "Will you come along to the park?"
Examples from this Dialogue
FI NNI S HPOD101.COM ABSOLUTE BEGINNER S 1 #16 - COME TO FINLAND WITH ME! 4 1. Tu let ko mukaan videovuokraamoon ja kirjastoon? "Will you come along to the video rental store and library?"
Review of the Inner Locative Cases
We have now learned the three inner locative cases with meanings "in," "out of," and "into." The following table lists some words in all these cases.
Nominative Inessive Elative Illat ive Translation ("in") ("out of") ("into")
lasi lasissa lasista lasiin glass
koulu koulussa koulusta kouluun school
maito maidossa maidosta maitoon milk
salaatti salaatissa salaatista salaattiin salad
sininen sinisessä sinisestä siniseen blue
tämä tässä tästä tähän this
tuo tuossa tuosta tuohon that
se siinä siitä siihen it
Suomi Suomessa Suomesta Suomeen Finland
Ruo ts i Ruo ts is s a Ruo ts is ta Ruo ts iin Sweden
Saksa Saksassa Saksasta Saksaan Germany
Espanja Espanjassa Espanjasta Espanjaan Spain
Kiina Kiinassa Kiinasta Kiinaan China
Amerikka Amerikassa Amerikasta Amerikkaan America
Kenia Keniassa Keniasta Keniaan Kenya
Helsinki Helsingissä Helsingistä Helsinkiin Helsinki
Turku Turus s a Turus ta Turkuun Turku
FI NNI S HPOD101.COM ABSOLUTE BEGINNER S 1 #16 - COME TO FINLAND WITH ME! 5 Oulu Oulussa Oulusta Ouluun Oulu
CULTURAL INSIGHT
Finding Libraries in Finland
Finland has quite a good public library network. Anyone can get a library card and then borrow any books from the library collection free of charge. Most libraries also have audio books, music, and movies available for borrowing. There may also be events such as story times where the library staff reads stories to small children or even less obvious events such as concerts or dance performances. (These would probably be in separate rooms where they do not disturb those who want to read in peace.) A few libraries even have "library dogs" that are specially trained to listen to whatever someone reads to them. They are meant to encourage people with reading difficulties to read aloud without fear of being criticized.
FI NNI S HPOD101.COM ABSOLUTE BEGINNER S 1 #16 - COME TO FINLAND WITH ME! 6 LESSON NOTES Absolute Beginner S1 #17 Do You Like Finnish Movies?
CONTENTS
2 Finnish 2 English 2 Vocabulary 3 Sample Sentences 4 Vocabulary Phrase Usage 4 Grammar 6 Cultural Insight
# 17
COPYRIGHT © 2013 INNOVATIVE LANGUAGE LEARNING. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. FINNISH
1. Emmi: Mitä sanot tästä?
2. Jussi: Minä en pidä romantiikasta. Minä pidän enemmän toiminnasta.
3. Helen: Minä pidän komediasta.
4. Emmi: Entä käykö tämä sitten?
5. Helen: Se sopii hyvin.
6. Jussi: Kelpaa.
ENGLISH
1. Emmi: What do you say about this?
2. Jussi: I don't like romance. I like action better.
3. Helen: I like comedy.
4. Emmi: Would this one be ok, then?
5. Helen: That's fine.
6. Jussi: That will do.
VOCABULARY
Finnish English Class
romantiikka romance noun
FI NNI S HPOD101.COM ABSOLUTE BEGINNER S 1 #17 - DO YOU LIKE FINNIS H MOVIES? 2 enemmän more adverb
action (both as a movie genre and more toiminta generally), activity, noun functioning
komedia comedy noun
sopia to suit, to fit verb
kelvata to do, to be good enough verb
sanoa to say, to tell verb
pitää to like verb
SAMPLE SENTENCES
Minä pidän romantiikasta. Pidätkö enemmän sählystä vai
jääkiekosta? "I like romance." "Do you prefer floorball or ice hockey?"
Kaipaan toimintaa - lähden Tämä on loistava komedia.
lenkille. "This is a brilliant comedy." "I want some action - I’ll go for a run."
Tämä huivi sopii hyvin tämän Hänelle kelpaa vain paras.
takin kanssa. "Only the best is good enough f or "This scarf goes well with this her." jacket."
Älä sano mit ään. Voisitko sanoa missä on hotelli?
"Don’t say anything." "Could you tell me where the hotel is?"
FI NNI S HPOD101.COM ABSOLUTE BEGINNER S 1 #17 - DO YOU LIKE FINNIS H MOVIES? 3 Kun joku aivastaa, sanotaan Mitä hän sanoo?
"Terveydeksi." "What is he/she saying?" "When somebody sneezes, we say, 'Bless you.'"
Pidätkö mustasta kahvista? Nuori tyttö todella pitää
koiranpennuista. "Do you like black coffee?" "T he young girl really likes the puppies."
VOCABULARY PHRASE USAGE pitää ("to like")
Pitää is one of the most common verbs for liking something in Finnish. It also has the meaning "to hold onto something." (If you like something, you will probably hold onto it, as well.)
The casual verb for "to like" often used in everyday conversations (and in Facebook) is tykätä.
sopia ("to suit," "to fit")
Sopia indicates fitness for a purpose or suitability with respect to something else in terms of size, colour, etc. It is also often used when trying to schedule a meeting or event: Sopiiko huomenna? "Is tomorrow ok?"
kelvata ("to do," "to be good enough")
Kelvata means that the thing in question passes the criteria set on it, so the thing is good enough. Often (but not necessarily) it also implies that it is only just barely good enough. GRAMMAR
The Focus of this Lesson is Saying What you Like and Do Not Like. Minä pidän komediasta. "I like comedy."
FI NNI S HPOD101.COM ABSOLUTE BEGINNER S 1 #17 - DO YOU LIKE FINNIS H MOVIES? 4 The basic way of saying you like something is Minä pidän... and adding the thing in the elative case (meaning "from"). Similarly, if you want to say you do not like something, you just say Minä en pidä... and again follow with the thing in the elative case.
Naturally, you can also ask what other people like by using the question formats we have learned before: Pidätkö mustikkapiirakasta? "Do you like blueberry pie?" and Mistä sinä pidät? "What do you like?" Note that in the latter sentence, it is the question word mikä that is in the elative case, because it is the placeholder for the thing that is asked about.
Sample Sentences
1. Minä pidän mustasta kahvista. "I like black coffee.
2. Minä en pidä tästä elokuvasta. "I don't like this movie."
3. Minä pidän Tom ist a. "I like Tomi."
4. Jussi pitää toiminnasta. "Jussi likes action."
5. Mistä Emmi pitää? "What does Emmi like?"
Examples from this Dialogue
1. Minä en pidä romantiikasta. "I don't like romance."
2. Minä pidän enemmän toiminnasta. "I like action better."
3. Minä pidän komediasta. "I like comedy."
A Little Extra
FI NNI S HPOD101.COM ABSOLUTE BEGINNER S 1 #17 - DO YOU LIKE FINNIS H MOVIES? 5
If you paid close attention, you may have noticed we had one more noun in the dialogue that was in the elative case. It was in the very first sentence: Mitä sanot tästä? "What do you say about this?" In the Finnish expression corresponding to "to say something about something," it is the "about something" part that is in the elative case.
CULTURAL INSIGHT
Videos Unde r Threat in Finland
Traditional video rental stores face tough competition with the emergence of various kinds of pay-per-view services and other Internet services that allow you to watch thousands of movies and TV series without leaving the comfort of your home to rent a DVD. Video rental stores already get about half of their income from candy. Candy sales are probably not insignificant in movie theaters, either. Even though year 2012 saw an increase in movie theatre visits, Finns still go to the movies only 1.5 times per year on average.
FI NNI S HPOD101.COM ABSOLUTE BEGINNER S 1 #17 - DO YOU LIKE FINNIS H MOVIES? 6 LESSON NOTES Absolute Beginner S1 #18 Put the Finnish Candies on the Table, Sit Back, and Relax!
CONTENTS
2 Finnish 2 English 2 Vocabulary 3 Sample Sentences 3 Vocabulary Phrase Usage 4 Grammar 7 Cultural Insight
# 18
COPYRIGHT © 2013 INNOVATIVE LANGUAGE LEARNING. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. FINNISH
1. Emmi: Onko kaikki valmista?
2. Helen: Karkkipussi on pöydällä.
3. Emmi: Missä DVD on?
4. Jussi: Tuo lilla.
5. Emmi: Entä kaukosäädin?
6. Helen: Se on sohvalla.
ENGLISH
1. Emmi: Is everything ready?
2. Helen: The bag of candies is on the table.
3. Emmi: Where's the DVD?
4. Jussi: On the chair.
5. Emmi: And what about the remote control?
6. Helen: It's on the couch.
VOCABULARY
Finnish English Class
DVD DVD noun
FI NNI S HPOD101.COM ABSOLUTE BEGINNER S 1 #18 - PUT THE FINNIS H CANDIES ON THE TABLE, S IT BACK, AND RELAX! 2 tuoli chair noun
kaukosäädin remote control noun
sohva couch, sofa noun
pussi bag, sachet noun
pöytä table noun
kaikki everything, everyone, all pronoun
karkki candy, sweet noun
SAMPLE SENTENCES
Vuokraan tämän DVD:n. Jussi istuu tuolilla.
"I’ll rent this DVD." "Jussi is sitting on the chair."
Kaukosäädin on sohvalla. Tämä sohva ei sovi verhojen
väriin. "The remote control is on the couch." "This couch doesn’t match the color of the curtains."
Tässä pussissa on reikä. Haluaisin pussin karkkia, kiitos.
"There’s a hole in this bag." "I'd like a bag of candy please."
Kukkamaljakko on pöydällä. En pidä tästä pöydästä.
"The flower vase is on the table." "I don't like this table."
Ymmärrätkö kaiken? Emmi syö paljon karkkia.
"Do you understand everything?" "Emmi eats a lot of candies."
VOCABULARY PHRASE USAGE karkki ("candy")
Karkki is a somewhat casual abbreviation of karamelli. Unlike "caramel" in English,
FI NNI S HPOD101.COM ABSOLUTE BEGINNER S 1 #18 - PUT THE FINNIS H CANDIES ON THE TABLE, S IT BACK, AND RELAX! 3 karkki includes all kinds of sweets from hard candies to chocolate, licorice, marmalade, and gummies. Depending on the context, the full word karamelli could be used for both burnt sugar and any kind of sweet, but karkki is only used of sweets in general. In formal contexts, makeinen "sweet" would be used instead.
pussi ("bag")
Pussi is a simple, usually small thing you can put something into. It often appears in compound words such as paperipussi "paper bag" and muovipussi "plastic bag." A handbag would not be called a pussi.
sohva ("couch," "sof a")
The Finnish language does not have any native words with the f sound. Only relatively recent or scientific loan words have the letter f in them, such as farmakologia "pharmacology." In older loan words, it has become either hv or v. For example, univormu "uniform," väri "color" ("färg" in Swedish). In the case of "asphalt," both are possible: asfaltti/asvaltti. GRAMMAR
The Focus of this Lesson is the Adessive Case Us e d to Say That Something is On Top of Something. Karkkipussi on pöydällä. "T he bag of candies is on the table."
So far, we have learned three locative cases that have the basic meanings of "in," "from inside of," and "into." They are called the "inner locative cases," because they involve existence in or movement out of or into something. There is also another set of three cases called the "outer locative cases." As you may guess, their basic meanings are "on," "from top of," and "onto." In this lesson, we will look at the first one of these, called the adessive. It means "on," and its ending is -lla/- llä.
Nominative Stem Adessive English
lautanen lautas-, lautase- lautasella plate
päivä päivä- päivällä day, daytime
väsynyt väsynyt-, väsyneellä tired väsynee-
sisko sisko- siskolla sister
FI NNI S HPOD101.COM ABSOLUTE BEGINNER S 1 #18 - PUT THE FINNIS H CANDIES ON THE TABLE, S IT BACK, AND RELAX! 4 kitara kitara- kitaralla guitar
Us e
The basic use of the adessive is to indicate that something is on top of something. In the table below, you will find a comparison between sentences that have the adessive and sentences that have the inessive case.
For example:
Adessive Inessive
Salaatti on lautasella. Maito on lasissa. "The salad is on a plate." "The milk is in a glass."
Lautanen on pöydällä. Muki on kaapissa. "The plate is on the table." "The mug is in the cabinet."
Jussi istuu tuolilla. Liisa istuu autossa. "Jussi is sitting on a chair." "Liisa is sitting in the car."
Leivällä on voita. Leivässä on siemeniä. "There's butter on the (piece of) "There are seeds in the bread." bread."
In addition to this basic meaning, the adessive case has many other uses, including position close to something (instead of on top of it), possession, personal characteristics, certain time expressions, and a way or means of doing something.
Sample Sentences
1. Nähdään autolla. "Let's meet by the car."
2. Minulla on koira. "I have a dog."
3. Minulla on siniset silmät. "I have blue eyes."
FI NNI S HPOD101.COM ABSOLUTE BEGINNER S 1 #18 - PUT THE FINNIS H CANDIES ON THE TABLE, S IT BACK, AND RELAX! 5 4. Tu leeko Liisa päivällä vai illalla? "Will Liisa come during the daytime or in the evening?"
5. Menen kouluun bussilla. "I go to school by bus."
Examples from this Dialogue
1. Karkkipussi on pöydällä. "The bag of candies is on the table."
2. Tu olilla. "On the chair."
3. Se on sohvalla. "It's on the couch."
Adding Case Endings to Acronyms
Finnish has its share of acronyms, many of which are borrowed from other languages. But even acronyms need to have case endings added to them to make a sentence grammatical. So how do you do it? It is quite simple: take the last letter, see how it is pronounced in isolation, and then add the case ending as appropriate. For example, the letter d is pronounced as dee, which is declined similarly to the word tee "tea." The case ending is separated from the acronym by a colon.
Nominative tee "tea" DVD (read as deeveedee)
Partitive teetä DVD:tä (deeveedeetä)
Genitive teen DVD:n (deeveedeen)
Inessive teessä DVD:ssä (deeveedeessä)
Elative teestä DVD:stä (deeveedeestä)
Illat ive teehen DVD:hen (deeveedeehen)
FI NNI S HPOD101.COM ABSOLUTE BEGINNER S 1 #18 - PUT THE FINNIS H CANDIES ON THE TABLE, S IT BACK, AND RELAX! 6 Adessive teellä DVD:llä (deeveedeellä)
CULTURAL INSIGHT
Finnish Movies
The Finnish movie industry is currently going strong. The previous heyday in the mid-20th century was followed by several decades where good movies were few and far between. The most notable directors from the 1970s and 1980s were Spede Pasanen, whose comedies were very popular though not necessarily well received in reviews, and Aki and Mika Kaurismäki, whose movies have been acknowledged even abroad, which is quite unusual for Finnish movies. By the turn of the millennium, however, a new generation of filmmakers had emerged, and a great number of high-quality movies have been made in the 21st century. There are more noteworthy filmmakers than we can list here, but Aku Louhimies, Olli Saarela, Timo Koivusalo, Jalmari Helander, Zaida Bergroth, Klaus Härö, Petri Kotwica, and Liisa Helminen, among others, have drawn people to the theaters and made interesting new movies.
FI NNI S HPOD101.COM ABSOLUTE BEGINNER S 1 #18 - PUT THE FINNIS H CANDIES ON THE TABLE, S IT BACK, AND RELAX! 7 LESSON NOTES Absolute Beginner S1 #19 Do all Finns have Blue Eyes?
CONTENTS
2 Finnish 2 English 2 Vocabulary 3 Sample Sentences 3 Vocabulary Phrase Usage 4 Grammar 6 Cultural Insight
# 19
COPYRIGHT © 2013 INNOVATIVE LANGUAGE LEARNING. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. FINNISH
1. Emmi: Onko sinulla yhtään veljeä tai siskoa?
2. Helen: Minulla on yksi sisko.
3. Emmi: Onko hän saman näköinen kuin sinä?
4. Helen: Jonkin verran, mutta minulla on ruskeat hiukset ja hänellä punaiset. Hänellä on myös vihreät silmät.
ENGLISH
1. Emmi: Do you have any brothers or sisters?
2. Helen: I have a sister.
3. Emmi: Does she look like you?
4. Helen: Somewhat, but I have brown hair and she has red hair. She also has green eyes.
VOCABULARY
Finnish English Class
sama same pronoun
näköinen looking adjective
ruskea brown adjective
adverb/pronoun any (used in questions or yhtään (depending on how it is negative sentences) used)
silmä eye noun
FI NNI S HPOD101.COM ABSOLUTE BEGINNER S 1 #19 - DO ALL FINNS HAVE BLUE EYES? 2 yksi one numeral
than, as (in kuin comparisons), like conjunction
jonkin verran somewhat, some phrase
hius hair noun
punainen red adjective
SAMPLE SENTENCES
Onko tämä väri sama kuin tuo? Liisa on iloisen näköinen.
"Is this color the same as that "Liisa looks happy." one?"
Emmi käyttää ruskeaa takkia. Minulla ei ole yhtään rahaa.
"Emmi wears a brown jacket." "I don’t have any money."
Minulla on siniset silmät. Kykloopilla on yksi silmä.
"I have blue eyes." "A cyclops has one eye."
Minulla on yksi omena. Emmi on yhtä pitkä kuin Helen.
"I have one apple." "Emmi is as tall as Helen."
Meksiko on suurempi kuin Kulhossa on vielä jonkin verran Belize. sokeria.
"Mexico is bigger than Belize." "There’s still some sugar in the bowl."
Kyllä, puhun jonkin verran. Petrillä on mustat hiukset.
"Yes, I speak somewhat." "Petri has black hair."
Maijulla on punaiset posket.
"Maiju has red cheeks."
VOCABULARY PHRASE USAGE
FI NNI S HPOD101.COM ABSOLUTE BEGINNER S 1 #19 - DO ALL FINNS HAVE BLUE EYES? 3 yhtään ("any")
Yhtään is a word that appears in negative sentences or questions. In negative sentences, it emphasizes the fact that there is none of the thing that is mentioned: Lasissa ei ole yhtään maitoa. "There isn't any milk in the glass." In questions, you use it to ask if there is any of that particular thing. Onko lasissa yhtään maitoa? "Is there any milk in the glass?" It is followed by a word in the partitive case.
jonkin verran ("some," "somewhat")
In a way, jonkin verran is the positive counterpart of yhtään. It only appears in affirmative sentences, never in negative sentences: Lasissa on jonkin verran maitoa. "There is some milk in the glass." It may appear in questions, but even then the underlying assumption is that there should actually be some of the thing, and you want to confirm that that is the case. Onko lasissa jonkin verran maitoa? "Is there some milk in the glass?"
hius ("hair")
Hius always refers to a single hair, so you use it a bit differently from the word "hair" in English. While in English, the word "hair" is singular in "I have red hair," in Finnish you have to use the plural form: Minulla on punaiset hiukset. Als o, hius only refers to the hair that people have on top of their head. It cannot be used of the hair on the rest of the human body, or of animal hair. GRAMMAR
The Focus of this Lesson is the Nominative Plural Form Minulla on ruskeat hiukset. "I have brown hair."
Finally, we learn to talk about many things instead of just one thing or some of a mass! Pronouns usually have special plural forms, but the nominative plurals of all nouns, adjectives, and numerals are regular. They are formed by adding the ending -t to the stem that ends in a vowel.
Nominative Stem Nominative English singular plural
muki muki- mukit mug
kaappi kaappi- (kaapi-) kaapit cabinet
tuoli tuoli- tuolit chair
FI NNI S HPOD101.COM ABSOLUTE BEGINNER S 1 #19 - DO ALL FINNS HAVE BLUE EYES? 4 piirakka piirakka- (piiraka-) piirakat pie sininen sinis-, sinise- siniset blue vesi vet-, vete- (vede-) vedet water
äiti äiti-, (äidi-) äidit mother
Some Plural Pronouns
Pronouns typically have irregular plural forms that do not follow the normal rules. Here are the nominative plural forms of some common pronouns.
Singular Plural
minä "I" me "we"
sinä "you" te "you all"
hän "he/she" he "they"
tämä "this" nämä "these"
tuo "that" nuo "those"
se "it" ne "they"
Sample Sentences
1. Minulla on siniset silmät. "I have blue eyes."
2. Liisalla on vaaleat hiukset. "Liisa has blond hair."
3. Jussilla on siniset housut. "Jussi has blue trousers."
4. Emmillä on pitkät jalat. "Emmi has long legs."
FI NNI S HPOD101.COM ABSOLUTE BEGINNER S 1 #19 - DO ALL FINNS HAVE BLUE EYES? 5 5. Isällä on kylmät kädet. "Father has cold hands."
6. Laita siniset mukit kaappiin. "Put the blue mugs in the cabinet."
7. Hae lapset yläkerrasta. "Fetch the kids from upstairs."
Examples from this Dialogue
1. Minulla on ruskeat hiukset ja hänellä punaiset. "I have brown hair and she has red hair."
2. Hänellä on myös vihreät silmät. "She also has green eyes."
Note about Verbs
In case you are wondering, yes, there are plural forms of verbs as well, even though we have not seen any yet. Normally plural subjects are accompanied by plural verb forms, but the Minulla on... sentence structure we have used in this lesson is special in that the verb is always in the third person singular.
CULTURAL INSIGHT
What Do Finns Look Like?
The stereotypical Finn has blue eyes, fair skin and blond hair. Many Finns do indeed have blond hair when they are children, but it often gets darker when they grow up. A typical adult hair color is a kind of grayish light or mid-brown that is referred to as maantien väri, or "dirt road color." Women especially would rather have some "better" color, and dying your hair is very common. Some men dye their hair, too, but it is much less common, because it is considered a rather feminine thing to do. There are people with naturally black or red hair, but it is quite rare. At the moment, the majority of Finns have blue eyes, but brown eyes are quite common as well, and will become more common in the future, since brown eyes are caused by a dominant gene. The skin color, however, is almost invariably fair. If a Finn has dark skin in February, they have most likely either taken a vacation someplace hot, or spent time on a tanning bed.
FI NNI S HPOD101.COM ABSOLUTE BEGINNER S 1 #19 - DO ALL FINNS HAVE BLUE EYES? 6 LESSON NOTES Absolute Beginner S1 #20 Do You Have Any Finnish Dogs?
CONTENTS
2 Finnish 2 English 2 Vocabulary 3 Sample Sentences 3 Vocabulary Phrase Usage 4 Grammar 5 Cultural Insight
# 20
COPYRIGHT © 2013 INNOVATIVE LANGUAGE LEARNING. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. FINNISH
1. Emmi: Onko sinulla mitään eläimiä?
2. Helen: Ei, mutta siskolla on akvaariokaloja. Ja isoisällä on koiria.
3. Emmi: Millaisia koiria hänellä on?
4. Helen: Sekarotuisia ja todella suloisia.
ENGLISH
1. Emmi: Do you have any animals?
2. Helen: No, but my sister has aquarium fish. And my grandfather has dogs.
3. Emmi: What kinds of dogs does he have?
4. Helen: They are mixed-breed and really cute.
VOCABULARY
Finnish English Class
sekarotuinen mixed-breed adjective
rotu breed, race noun
todella really, truly adverb
suloinen cute, sweet adjective
akvaariokala aquarium fish noun
koira dog noun
FI NNI S HPOD101.COM ABSOLUTE BEGINNER S 1 #20 - DO YOU HAVE ANY FINNIS H DOGS? 2 any, anything, nothing (in mitään negative sentences) pronoun
eläin animal noun
SAMPLE SENTENCES
Tuo koira on sekarotuinen. Suomalaiset kuuluvat
kaukasialaiseen rotuun. "That dog is mixed-breed." "Finns belong to the Caucasian race."
Hänellä on todella tummat Vauvat ovat niin suloisia!
hiukset. "Babies are so cute!" "He has really dark hair."
Minulla on punaisia Minä rakastan koiria.
akvaariokaloja. "I love dogs." "I have red aquarium fish."
Takkuinen koira juoksee pallon En tarvitse mitään.
perässä. "I don’t need anything." "The shaggy dog is running after a ball."
Älä ruoki eläimiä.
"Do not feed the animals."
VOCABULARY PHRASE USAGE mitään ("any," "anything," "nothing")
Just like the word yhtään that we saw in the previous lesson, mitään is a word that quantifies something and appears in negative sentences and questions. There is an important difference, however. Yhtään refers to the amount of a specific thing mentioned, whereas mitään modifies a class. You can think of mitään as meaning
FI NNI S HPOD101.COM ABSOLUTE BEGINNER S 1 #20 - DO YOU HAVE ANY FINNIS H DOGS? 3 "any kind of." So, by asking Onko sinulla mitään eläimiä? Emmi is not only asking about if Helen has any animals, but also what kinds of animals she has, if any. When asking about brothers and sisters in the previous lesson, however, she used yhtään, because people usually do not have different kinds of brothers or sisters, so it would sound odd to use mitään in that context.
todella (really, truly)
Tod ella is an adverb that adds emphasis. It was originally the adessive form of the word tosi which means "truth." GRAMMAR
The Focus of this Lesson is the Partitive Plural Form Isoisällä on koiria. "My grandfather has dogs."
In the previous lesson, we learned the nominative plural form that ends in -t. As you may have guessed, all other cases have plural variants as well. But the good news is that you do not need to learn a full set of new endings for the plurals, because apart from the nominative, the other cases basically retain the same endings as in the singular. You just add a little something before them to mark the form as plural.
The plural marker is -i-, although it sometimes changes into -j- between vowels. Also, sometimes the preceding vowel changes or disappears, but do not worry about that now.
Partitive singular Partitive plural English
eläin-tä eläim-i-ä animal
kala-a kalo-j-a fish
koira-a koir-i-a dog
millais-ta millais-i-a what kind of
sulois-ta sulois-i-a cute
lasi-a lase-j-a glass
kaappi-a kaappe-j-a cabinet
FI NNI S HPOD101.COM ABSOLUTE BEGINNER S 1 #20 - DO YOU HAVE ANY FINNIS H DOGS? 4 Nominative or partitive with Minulla on...?
Just like in the singular, the partitive indicates an unspecified amount of something, and the nominative indicates a specific set of things. See the following examples.
Sample Sentences
Nominative Partitive
Minulla on harmaat hiukset. Minulla on harmaita hiuksia. "I have gray hair (= all my hair is "I have some gray hair." gray)."
Minulla on siniset silmät. Minulla on pisamia. "I have blue eyes." "I have freckles."
Minulla on kaikki jääkiekkokortit. Minulla on jääkiekkokortteja. "I have all the ice hockey cards." "I have some ice hockey cards."
Minulla on mukavat vanhemmat. Minulla on paljon serkkuja. "I have nice parents." "I have lots of cousins."
Minulla on tämän kylän alligaattorit. Minulla on alligaattoreita. "I have all the alligators in this village." "I have alligators."
Examples from this Dialogue
1. Onko sinulla mitään eläimiä? "Do you have any animals?"
2. Ei, mutta siskolla on akvaariokaloja. "No, but my sister has aquarium fish."
3. Ja isoisällä on koiria. "And my grandfather has dogs."
4. Millaisia koiria hänellä on? "What kinds of dogs does he have?"
5. Sekarotuisia ja todella suloisia. "They're mixed-breed and really cute."
CULTURAL INSIGHT
FI NNI S HPOD101.COM ABSOLUTE BEGINNER S 1 #20 - DO YOU HAVE ANY FINNIS H DOGS? 5 Indigenous Dogs in Finland
There are a few indigenous dog breeds in Finland. They were all originally used either for hunting or for herding reindeer. Three of them are still among the top ten most popular breeds in Finland: the Finnish spitz (suomenpystykorva), the Finnish hound (suomenajokoira), and the Finnish Lapphund (suomenlapinkoira). The Finnish spitz is the national dog of Finland. It is a smallish, golden-red dog. The Finnish hound is a bit like a foxhound. The Finnish spitz and the Finnish hound are hunting dogs. The Finnish Lapphund is a smallish dog of the spitz type. The color varies quite a lot, many are mostly black with light brown and white markings, while some are entirely light brown. The Finnish Lapphund has been used for herding reindeer in Lapland.
FI NNI S HPOD101.COM ABSOLUTE BEGINNER S 1 #20 - DO YOU HAVE ANY FINNIS H DOGS? 6 LESSON NOTES Absolute Beginner S1 #21 How Many Finnish Christmas Cards Are You Sending?
CONTENTS
2 Finnish 2 English 2 Vocabulary 2 Sample Sentences 4 Vocabulary Phrase Usage 4 Grammar 6 Cultural Insight
# 21
COPYRIGHT © 2013 INNOVATIVE LANGUAGE LEARNING. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. FINNISH
1. Emmi: Yksi, kaksi, kolme, neljä, viisi, kuusi, seitsemän, kahdeksan, yhdeksän, kymmenen.
2. Helen: Kuinka monta joulukorttia lähetät?
3. Emmi: Kymmenen.
ENGLISH
1. Emmi: One, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten.
2. Helen: How many Christmas cards are you sending?
3. Emmi: Te n.
VOCABULARY
Finnish English Class
viisi five numeral
kuusi six numeral
yhdeksän nine numeral
kolme three numeral
moni many pronoun
neljä four numeral
seitsemän seven numeral
kahdeksan eight numeral
kymmenen ten numeral
kuinka how adverb
SAMPLE SENTENCES
FI NNI S HPOD101.COM ABSOLUTE BEGINNER S 1 #21 - HOW MANY FINNIS H CHRIS TMAS CARDS ARE YOU S ENDING? 2 Viidellä pojalla on sama nimi. Viisi t yt t öä.
"Five boys have the same name." "Five girls."
Kuudella tytöllä on omena. Kuusi pulloa olut t a.
"Six girls have an apple." "Six bottles of beer."
Käyn huomenna yhdeksässä Kissoilla on yhdeksän elämää. kaupassa. "Cats have nine lives." "I will visit nine stores tomorrow."
Saisinko kolme päärynää. Isälläni on kolme sisarusta.
"May I have three pears, please." "My father has three siblings."
Kolme meistä menee tänä Monet koirat ovat seurallisia. iltana. "Many dogs are social." "The three of us are going tonight."
Neljästä kortista puuttuu Se maksaa 4 (neljä) euroa. osoite. "It's 4 euros." "The address is missing from four cards."
Hän osti neljä villapuseroa . Neljä ihmistä ei tullut.
"She bought four jumpers." "Four people did not come."
Ota ruokaa seitsemästä Seitsemän kääpiötä. kulhosta. "Seven dwarves." "Take food from seven bowls."
Kortti menee perille Kahdeksan lausetta. kahdeksassa päivässä. "Eight sentences." "The card will reach its destination in eight days."
FI NNI S HPOD101.COM ABSOLUTE BEGINNER S 1 #21 - HOW MANY FINNIS H CHRIS TMAS CARDS ARE YOU S ENDING? 3 Kello on kahdeksan. Kymmenessä mukissa on
kahvia. "It's eight o'clock." "There’s coffee in ten mugs."
Sinulla on kymmenen sormea. Kuinka hyvä tuo elokuva on?
"You have ten fingers." "How good is that movie?"
Kuinka pitkä sinä olet? Kuinka vanha sinä olet?
"How tall are you?" "How old are you?"
Kuinka kauan olet opiskellut suomea?
"How long have you been studying Finnish?"
VOCABULARY PHRASE USAGE
Kuinka ("how")
Kuinka is used very much like "how" in English. It is used in questions about amounts, times, etc. as in kuinka monta "how many," kuinka kauan "how long (time)," kuinka pitkä "how long (length)," kuinka suuri "how big." It is also an adverb of way or means or manner as in Kuinka voin auttaa? "How can I help you?" or Kuinka voit? "How are you?
Moni ("many")
Moni is a pronoun that means "many." Note, however, that even though it refers to many things, it can be used either in singular or in plural, and the word it refers to always follows its number. So "many dogs" would be either moni koira or monet koirat, but never *moni koirat. And, of course, the words are always in the same case, too: monella koiralla (singular adessive), monilla koirilla (plural adessive), monen koiran (singular genitive), monien koirien (plural genitive). There is no difference in the meaning of the singular and plural forms. GRAMMAR
The Focus of this Lesson is Numbers From 1 to 10. Yksi, kaksi, kolme, neljä, viisi, kuusi, seitsemän, kahdeksan, yhdeksän, kymmenen. "One, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine,
FI NNI S HPOD101.COM ABSOLUTE BEGINNER S 1 #21 - HOW MANY FINNIS H CHRIS TMAS CARDS ARE YOU S ENDING? 4 ten."
After you have learned the numbers from one to ten, there are three things to remember when using them:
1. Numbers are syntactically singular. Therefore, the noun that follows a number is also singular, not plural as you might expect.
2. When the number is in the nominative, the word that follows is in the partitive singular for all numbers except 1 (for 1, it is nominative).
1. Minulla on yksi koira. "I have one dog."
2. Minulla on kaksi koiraa. "I have two dogs."
3. Pöydällä on seitsemän lasia ja viisi lautasta. "There are seven glasses and five plates on the table."
3. For all other cases, the number and the noun that follows it take the same case ending.
1. Kaada kahteen mukiin kahvia. "Pour coffee in two mugs."
2. Koira haukkuu neljää poikaa. "The dog barks at four boys."
3. Teen näistä kuudesta omenasta piirakan. "I'll make a pie out of these six apples."
Number Declension
The rules for adding case endings to numbers are the same as for other words, so there is nothing new there. But a little review does no harm, so here is a table with a few of the cases we have learned so far.
Nominative Partitive Genitive Inessive Illat ive
yksi yhtä yhden yhdessä yhteen
kaksi kahta kahden kahdessa kahteen
FI NNI S HPOD101.COM ABSOLUTE BEGINNER S 1 #21 - HOW MANY FINNIS H CHRIS TMAS CARDS ARE YOU S ENDING? 5 kolme kolmea kolmen kolmessa kolmeen neljä neljää neljän neljässä neljään viisi viittä viiden viidessä viiteen kuusi kuutta kuuden kuudessa kuuteen seitsemän seitsemää seitsemän seitsemässä seitsemään kahdeksan kahdeksaa kahdeksan kahdeksassa kahdeksaan yhdeksän yhdeksää yhdeksän yhdeksässä yhdeksään kymmenen kymmentä kymmenen kymmenessä kymmeneen
Examples from this dialogue:
1. Yksi, kaksi, kolme, neljä, viisi, kuusi, seitsemän, kahdeksan, yhdeksän, kymmenen. "One, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten."
CULTURAL INSIGHT
Christmas in Finland
Christmas is a big peak season for the Finnish mail service. Finns send a great number of Christmas cards every year. Traditional Christmas card imagery includes snowy scenery, Santa Claus, Christmas elves (particularly in a 19th-century setting or with animals), candles, Christmas trees, and sleigh rides. People who are into handicrafts make their own cards. People with small children often take a picture of their children, typically wearing Santa hats, and make it into a Christmas card. This is quite convenient, especially when sent to people you do not see very often, because then people stay up to date on how big their friends' children are. ("Oh, did you know they've got three kids now?")
Every year, two new stamps are published specifically for Christmas mail: one for first-class letters and one for Christmas cards. The Christmas card stamp is cheaper than the regular second-class stamp, and you can use it if you mail your cards before a specified date around the middle of December. There are special red envelopes that are distributed to every home in November. They are used for
FI NNI S HPOD101.COM ABSOLUTE BEGINNER S 1 #21 - HOW MANY FINNIS H CHRIS TMAS CARDS ARE YOU S ENDING? 6 mailing Christmas cards. The red envelopes are separated from the rest of the mail and their contents sorted separately.
FI NNI S HPOD101.COM ABSOLUTE BEGINNER S 1 #21 - HOW MANY FINNIS H CHRIS TMAS CARDS ARE YOU S ENDING? 7 LESSON NOTES Absolute Beginner S1 #22 Who Took the Finnish Book from the Table?
CONTENTS
2 Finnish 2 English 2 Vocabulary 3 Sample Sentences 3 Vocabulary Phrase Usage 4 Grammar 5 Cultural Insight
# 22
COPYRIGHT © 2013 INNOVATIVE LANGUAGE LEARNING. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. FINNISH
1. Emmi: Miksi ikkunalla on kaksi kynttilää?
2. Jussi: Koska tänään on itsenäisyyspäivä. Saisinko tulitikut pöydältä?
3. Emmi: Tarkoitat kai tuolilta?
4. Jussi: Totta, tuolillahan ne ovat.
ENGLISH
1. Emmi: Why are there two candles in the window?
2. Jussi: Because it's Independence Day today. May I have the matches from the table?
3. Emmi: I suppose you mean from the chair?
4. Jussi: Oh, that's right, they are on the chair.
VOCABULARY
Finnish English Class
supposedly, probably, I kai think adverb
kynttilä candle noun
koska because adverb
tarkoittaa to mean, to signify verb
miksi why adverb
ikkuna window noun
FI NNI S HPOD101.COM ABSOLUTE BEGINNER S 1 #22 - WHO TOOK THE FINNIS H BOOK FROM THE TABLE? 2 itsenäisyyspäivä Independence Day noun
tulitikku match noun
SAMPLE SENTENCES
Emmi on kai kirjastossa. Kynttilä on ikkunalla.
"I think Emmi is in the library." "The candle is in the window."
En tiedä, miksi kirja putosi, Mitä tarkoitat?
koska olin yläkerrassa. "What do you mean?" "I don’t know why the book fell, because I was upstairs."
A "dog" tarkoittaa suomeksi Miksi kirja putosi pöydältä?
koiraa. "Why did the book fall off the "'Dog' in Finnish is koiraa." table?"
Liisa katsoo ulos ikkunasta. Taloudenhoitaja puhdisti
ikkunaa. "Liisa looks out of the window." "The housekeeper cleaned the window."
Itsenäisyyspäivänä poltetaan Saisinko tulitikut?
kynttilöitä. "May I have the matches, please?" "Candles are burnt on Independence Day."
VOCABULARY PHRASE USAGE tarkoittaa ("to mean," "to signify")
Tarkoit t aa is a useful word for any language learner. You can ask Mitä ... tarkoittaa? "What does .... mean?" or Mitä tämä lause tarkoittaa? "What does this sentence mean?"
FI NNI S HPOD101.COM ABSOLUTE BEGINNER S 1 #22 - WHO TOOK THE FINNIS H BOOK FROM THE TABLE? 3
kai ("supposedly," "probably," "I think")
Kai indicates a guess or assumption by the speaker. The speaker is relatively confident that things are the way they assume, but not certain. It can also be used in questions asking for confirmation from the listener: Kai sinä tulet huomenna? "You will be coming tomorrow, right?" GRAMMAR
The Focus of this Lesson is the Ablat ive Case Meaning "f rom top of." Saisinko tulitikut pöydältä? "May I have the mat ches from the table?"
The ablative is the outer locative case corresponding to the elative "from inside of." The ending is -lta/-ltä (remember the elative ending is -sta/-stä). Us e See the following table for a comparison in the use of the ablative and elative cases.
Ablat ive ("from top of") Elative ("from inside of")
Ota lautanen pöydältä. Ota lautanen kaapista. "Take a plate from the table." "Take a plate from the cabinet."
Nouse ylös sohvalta. Nouse ylös sängystä. "Get up from the couch." "Get up from the bed."
Ota lelu lattialta. Ota lelu laatikosta. "Take the toy from the floor." "Take the toy from the box."
Liisa tulee torilta. Liisa tulee kaupasta. "Liisa comes from the marketplace." "Liisa comes from the store."
In addition to physical location, the ablative is used to indicate the source or giver of something and a person who undergoes some kind of loss or adverse event, among other things. It is also used in certain time expressions.
Sample Sentences
1. Sain Maijulta joulukortin. "I got a Christmas card from Maiju."
FI NNI S HPOD101.COM ABSOLUTE BEGINNER S 1 #22 - WHO TOOK THE FINNIS H BOOK FROM THE TABLE? 4 2. Minulta kaatui maitolasi. "I accidentally knocked over my milk glass. (literally: the milk glass fell over from me)"
3. Jussi tulee kuudelta. "Jussi will come at six o'clock."
Examples from this Dialogue
1. Saisinko tulitikut pöydältä? "May I have the matches from the table?"
2. Tarkoit at kai tuolilta? "I suppose you mean from the chair?"
CULTURAL INSIGHT
Finland's Independence
Finland's Declaration of Independence was given on December 6, 1917. Independence Day is a public holiday. In the evening, it is customary to put two candles in windows. The most notable event of Independence Day is the President's Independence Day reception. Approximately 2,000 guests will arrive at the Presidential Palace. The event is broadcast live and is one of the most popular shows of the year. It also provides the yellow press material for weeks. First it speculates about who will be invited, then it writes about who did and who did not receive invitations, interviews first-timers, and cries for explanation if someone declines the invitation. After the event, it is full of pictures of the ladies' best and worst dresses and accounts of what happened at the after-party.
The Presidential Palace is currently (2013) under renovation, so the 2013 reception cannot be held there.
FI NNI S HPOD101.COM ABSOLUTE BEGINNER S 1 #22 - WHO TOOK THE FINNIS H BOOK FROM THE TABLE? 5 LESSON NOTES Absolute Beginner S1 #23 Let's Make a Finnish Snowman!
CONTENTS
2 Finnish 2 English 2 Vocabulary 3 Sample Sentences 3 Vocabulary Phrase Usage 4 Grammar 6 Cultural Insight
# 23
COPYRIGHT © 2013 INNOVATIVE LANGUAGE LEARNING. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. FINNISH
1. Helen: Mitä tuo on, jota tippuu nurmikolle?
2. Emmi: Se on lunta.
3. Helen: Lunta? Ihan oikeasti? Menen pihalle.
4. Emmi: Ota takki päälle ja pipo päähän. Siellä on kylmä.
5. Helen: Kyllä, äiti.
ENGLISH
1. Helen: What's that falling onto the lawn?
2. Emmi: It's snow.
3. Helen: Snow? Really? I'm going out.
4. Emmi: Put on your coat and stocking cap. It's cold out there.
5. Helen: Ye s , Mo m.
VOCABULARY
Finnish English Class
lumi snow noun
oikeasti really, truly adverb
pipo stocking cap noun
nurmikko lawn noun
FI NNI S HPOD101.COM ABSOLUTE BEGINNER S 1 #23 - LET'S MAKE A FINNIS H S NOWMAN! 2 kylmä cold adjective
tippua to fall, to drip verb
piha yard noun
päälle on, on top adverb
pää head, end (of a rope etc.) noun
siellä there adverb
SAMPLE SENTENCES
Huomenna sataa lunta. Lumi sataa metsään.
"It’s going to snow tomorrow." "The snow is falling in the woods."
Söitkö oikeasti viisi palaa Emmillä on sinivalkoinen pipo.
mustikkapiirakkaa? "Emmi has a blue-and-white "Did you really eat f ive pieces of stocking cap." blueberry pie?"
Leikkaa nurmikko tänään. Suomessa on kylmä talvella.
"Mow the lawn today." "It’s cold in Finland in the winter."
Kylmä mies ponnistelee Kypsät omenat tippuvat pysyäkseen lämpimänä. maahan.
"The cold man is struggling to "Ripe apples fall onto the ground." stay warm."
Pirjon piha on aina hyvin Laita kaukosäädin television hoidettu. päälle.
"Pirjo’s yard is always well kept." "Put the remote on top of the TV."
Ota pipo päästä sisällä. Onko siellä kuuma?
"Take off your stocking cap when "Is it hot out there?" you’re indoors."
VOCABULARY PHRASE USAGE
FI NNI S HPOD101.COM ABSOLUTE BEGINNER S 1 #23 - LET'S MAKE A FINNIS H S NOWMAN! 3 tippua ("to fall," "to drip")
Tippua is often used of the dripping of a liquid, such as hanasta tippuu vettä "water is dripping from the tap," but it can also be used of other things falling repetitively. For example, omenat tippuvat puusta "the apples are falling from the tree." In principle, it should not be used of a single thing falling once, but it is not uncommon to see it used that way, too.
piha ("yard")
Piha is the plot of land that belongs to a house. In the outer locative cases pihalla, pihalta, and pihalle, it also has the more general sense as the opposite of "indoors." Menen pihalle does not necessarily mean that the speaker is going to stay in the yard, it may just mean they are going out. A figurative use that is further removed from the literal meaning is often heard in sports: Maalivahti oli ihan pihalla. It means that the goalkeeper had no idea what was going on.
pää ("head," "end of a rope")
Pää can be used of the end of any long object, including human beings (in which case it only means the head, though, not the feet). So you also have köyden pää - "the end of a rope," kynän pää - "the end of a pen/pencil," and tien pää - "the end of a road." GRAMMAR
The Focus of this Lesson is the Allat ive Case Meaning "onto" Menen pihalle. "I'm going out."
The allative is the last of the Finnish six locative cases. It means "onto" and is the outer equivalent of the illative meaning "into." The ending is -lle.
Nominative Stem Allat ive English
tuoli tuoli- tuolille chair
pöytä pöytä- (pöydä-) pöydälle table
sininen sinis-, sinise- siniselle blue
piirakka piirakka- (piiraka-) piirakalle pie
lumi lun-, lume- lumelle snow
FI NNI S HPOD101.COM ABSOLUTE BEGINNER S 1 #23 - LET'S MAKE A FINNIS H S NOWMAN! 4 Us e
The basic use of the allative case is to indicate that something goes onto something. See the following table for a comparison of the allative and illative cases.
Allat ive ("onto") Illat ive ("into")
Jussi menee pihalle. Jussi menee taloon. "Jussi goes out (to the yard)." "Jussi goes into the house."
Liisa menee torille. Liisa menee kauppaan. "Liisa goes to the marketplace." "Liisa goes to the store."
Emmi laittaa ruokaa lautaselle. Emmi kaataa maitoa lasiin. "Emmi puts food on the plate." "Emmi pours milk into the glass."
Poika laittaa lautasen pöydälle. Poika laittaa lautasen kaappiin. "The boy puts the plate on the table." "The boy puts the plate in the cabinet."
Vettä tippuu lattialle. Vettä tippuu kulhoon. "There is some water dripping on the "There is some water dripping into the floor." bowl."
In addition to the literal physical meaning, the allative is used to indicate a recipient, and in expressions of suitability of approval, the allative marks the person to whom something is (or is not) suitable or who approves (or does not approve) it. With certain action-related nouns, the allative indicates doing that action.
Sample Sentences
1. Emmi lähettää kymmenelle ystävälle joulukortin. "Emmi sends a Christmas card to ten friends."
2. Vihreä sopii sinulle. "Green looks good on you."
3. Romanttinen elokuva ei kelvannut Jussille. "The romantic movie wasn't ok for Jussi."
4. Lähden kävelylle. "I'm going for a walk."
FI NNI S HPOD101.COM ABSOLUTE BEGINNER S 1 #23 - LET'S MAKE A FINNIS H S NOWMAN! 5 Examples from this Dialogue
1. Mitä tuo on, jota tippuu nurmikolle? "What's that falling onto the lawn?"
2. Menen pihalle. "I'm going out."
3. Ota takki päälle ja pipo päähän. "Put on your coat and stocking cap."
Inner or outer locative case?
In many situations, it is quite obvious whether you need an inner or outer locative case. You put things into a cabinet but onto a table. Sometimes, however, there does not seem to be much logic: as we saw in the dialogue, you say takki päälle but pipo päähän, even though there does not seem to be so much difference in what is actually happening. So there are some situations where you just have to learn which to use. Also, there are many words for which Finns are not quite sure themselves which ones should be used. Examples of such words include "list" listalla/listassa and "computer" tietokoneella/tietokoneessa. But when it comes to the non-literal uses of the cases, you do need to use the correct ones. For example, even though you will be just fine saying either Tiedot ovat tietokoneella or Tiedot ovat tietokoneessa "The data is on the computer," you would definitely need to say Teen töitä tietokoneella "I work using a computer" instead of Teen töitä tietokoneessa "I work inside a computer." The adessive has the meaning of a way or means of doing something, but the inessive does not.
CULTURAL INSIGHT
The Hardy Finns
Finns take pride in being very resistant to cold, because we have cold winters. There is an old joke about what people do in various parts of the globe when temperatures go down. It starts at +15 degrees Celsius, where Spaniards wear winter coats and Finns sunbathe, and goes gradually down drawing a very much exaggerated contrast between Finns and the rest of the world. The last line, below the absolute zero, says "Hell freezes over and Finland wins the Eurovision song contest." (In 2006, hell apparently did freeze over and the demons came out and won the Eurovision song contest for Finland.) Actually, Finns are not particularly
FI NNI S HPOD101.COM ABSOLUTE BEGINNER S 1 #23 - LET'S MAKE A FINNIS H S NOWMAN! 6 cold-resistant. It appears that cold-resistance is, at least partly, an acquired property, and the daily exposure to cold of the average adult Finn is quite limited, so tolerance does not develop. We have good heating in all buildings, and people do not spend much time outdoors when it is cold. Still, it is true that freezing temperatures do not prevent Finns from going about their normal lives. In kindergartens, children go out to play even when it is -15 degrees Celsius, and babies (apart from newborns) take their naps outdoors in prams in the winter. Schools and workplaces are never closed due to weather conditions.
FI NNI S HPOD101.COM ABSOLUTE BEGINNER S 1 #23 - LET'S MAKE A FINNIS H S NOWMAN! 7 LESSON NOTES Absolute Beginner S1 #24 Feeling the Cold in Finland
CONTENTS
2 Finnish 2 English 2 Vocabulary 3 Sample Sentences 3 Vocabulary Phrase Usage 4 Grammar 5 Cultural Insight
# 24
COPYRIGHT © 2013 INNOVATIVE LANGUAGE LEARNING. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. FINNISH
1. Liisa: Onko sinulla kylmä?
2. Helen: Ei, mutta minulla on vähän nälkä.
3. Liisa: Ruoka on kohta valmista.
4. Jussi: Minulla on tylsää!
5. Liisa: Katso hetki televisiota Emmin kanssa. Emmillä ainakin on hauskaa.
ENGLISH
1. Liisa: Are you cold?
2. Helen: No, but I am a bit hungry.
3. Liisa: Dinner will be ready soon.
4. Jussi: I'm bored!
5. Liisa: Watch TV with Emmi for a while. At least Emmi is having a good time.
VOCABULARY
Finnish English Class
kanssa with conjunction
ainakin at least adverb
kohta soon adverb
FI NNI S HPOD101.COM ABSOLUTE BEGINNER S 1 #24 - FEELING THE COLD IN FINLAND 2 tylsä boring, dull adjective
nälkä hunger noun
ruoka food noun
katsoa to look, to watch, to view verb
televisio television noun
SAMPLE SENTENCES
Jussi pelaa sählyä kavereiden Lunta on ainakin kymmenen kanssa. senttimetriä.
"Jussi plays floorball with his "There is at least ten centimeters friends." of snow."
Tulen ihan kohta. Tämä veitsi on tylsä.
"I’ll be there in a minute." "This knife is dull."
Koiralla on varmaan nälkä. Onko sinulla nälkä?
"The dog must be hungry." "Are you hungry?"
Mitä ruokaa meillä on tänään? Tämä on tyypillistä suomalaista
ruokaa. "What are we having for dinner today?" "This is typical Finnish food."
Katso tuota suloista Perhe katsoi televisiota.
koiranpentua! "The family watched television." "Look at that cute puppy!"
Tuleeko televisiosta tänään Perhe katsoi televisiota.
mit ään hyvää? "The family watched television." "Is there anything good on T V today?"
VOCABULARY PHRASE USAGE
FI NNI S HPOD101.COM ABSOLUTE BEGINNER S 1 #24 - FEELING THE COLD IN FINLAND 3 ruoka ("food," "meal")
Ruoka means both food in general as in Onko sinulla mitään ruokaa? "Do you have anything to eat?" and a meal, as in Tu le kotiin ennen ruokaa "Come home before dinner." Don't be confused if you see two different versions of the stem with consonant gradation (ruoan/ruuan, ruoassa/ruuassa, ruoalta/ruualta etc.). The ruoa- stem is the original one, but ruua- is increasing in popularity because it is easier to pronounce. Both are acceptable.
tylsä ("dull," "boring")
Tylsä means dull both in the sense of "boring" and in the sense of "not sharp." In some situations, it can also have a meaning close to "spoilsport" in English: if you want to do something you think would be fun, but the other person refuses or forbids you to do it, you can say Älä ole tylsä "Don't be a spoilsport." GRAMMAR
The Focus of this Lesson is Expressing Physical and Mental States. Minulla on tylsää! "I'm bored!"
In this lesson, we are looking at another use of the Minulla on... structure. In addition to expressing looks and possession, it is also used when you want to say you are hot, cold, hungry, etc.
If you paid close attention, you probably noticed that the word expressing the state was sometimes in the nominative, sometimes in the partitive. It is in the nominative for physical states and in the partitive for ment al states. See below for examples. Note that the nouns nälkä, jano, kylmä, and kuuma keep the nominative form even in negative sentences and questions.
Nominative Partitive
Minulla on nälkä. / Minulla ei ole nälkä. / Onko sinulla nälkä? Minulla on tylsää. "I'm hungry. / I'm not hungry / Are you "I'm bored." hungry?"
Minulla on jano. Minulla on hauskaa. "I'm thirsty." "I'm having a good time."
Minulla on kylmä. Minulla on mukavaa. "I'm cold." "I'm having a pleasant time."
FI NNI S HPOD101.COM ABSOLUTE BEGINNER S 1 #24 - FEELING THE COLD IN FINLAND 4 Minulla on kuuma. Minulla on kurjaa. "I'm hot." "I'm having a terrible time."
Note on word choice:
Note that you cannot use just any word in this way. The words listed here are the most common ones you will see used like this, although there are a few more. For most adjectives, you will need to say Minä olen... For example: Minä olen väsynyt "I'm tired," Minä olen iloinen "I'm happy."
Examples from this Dialogue
1. Onko sinulla kylmä? "Are you cold?"
2. Ei, mutta minulla on vähän nälkä. "No, but I am a bit hungry."
3. Minulla on tylsää! "I'm bored!"
4. Emmillä ainakin on hauskaa. "At least Emmi is having a good time."
CULTURAL INSIGHT
How Much Does Language Af f ect T hinking?
Linguists and philosophers have argued for a long time over whether the grammar of a language affects the way the speakers of that language think. Do Finns think differently about being cold, because they use the case meaning the cold is "on top of them," than English speakers, who "are" cold? Does it affect the way Finns see the world that they have to distinguish between objects of incomplete actions (Syön omenaa - "I'm eating an apple") and objects of complete actions (Söin omenan - "I ate an apple")? Are Finns more prone to equality between genders, because there is no grammatical gender in Finnish? It is hard to tell how much language affects thinking, but apparently it does have some effect, even though people are not conscious of it.
FI NNI S HPOD101.COM ABSOLUTE BEGINNER S 1 #24 - FEELING THE COLD IN FINLAND 5 LESSON NOTES Absolute Beginner S1 #25 Look What I Got From Santa in Finland!
CONTENTS
2 Finnish 2 English 2 Vocabulary 3 Sample Sentences 4 Vocabulary Phrase Usage 5 Grammar 6 Cultural Insight
# 25
COPYRIGHT © 2013 INNOVATIVE LANGUAGE LEARNING. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. FINNISH
1. Jussi: Tämä paketti on Helenille.
2. Helen: Kiitos.
3. Emmi: Keneltä se on?
4. Helen: Ei tässä lue.
5. Emmi: Minulla on samanlainen. Se tuntuu pehmeältä.
6. Helen: Voi, miten kaunis villapaita!
ENGLISH
1. Jussi: This package is for Helen.
2. Helen: Thank you.
3. Emmi: Who is it from?
4. Helen: It doesn't say.
5. Emmi: I have a similar one. It feels soft.
6. Helen: Oh, what a beautiful knitted sweater!
VOCABULARY
Finnish English Class
samanlainen similar adjective
FI NNI S HPOD101.COM ABSOLUTE BEGINNER S 1 #25 - LOOK WHAT I GOT FROM S ANTA IN FINLAND! 2 to feel (soft, hot, etc.), to tuntua seem (nice etc.) verb
miten how, what a adverb
paketti package, packet, parcel noun
paita shirt, blouse noun
lukea to read verb
pehmeä soft adjective
voi oh interjection
kaunis beautiful adjective
villapaita knitted sweater noun
SAMPLE SENTENCES
Tiinalla on samanlainen paita Täällä tuntuu kylmältä.
kuin minulla. "It feels cold here." "Tiina has a shirt just like mine."
Miten pian tulet kotiin? Miten voit?
"How soon will you come home?" "How are you doing?"
Lähetän tämän paketin "Haluaisin lähettää tämän Kaisalle. paketin isoäidilleni.".
"I will send this package to Kaisa." "I would like to send this package to my grandmother."
Otanko sinisen vai vihreän Lähettäjän nimi lukee paidan? paketissa.
"Shall I take the blue or the green "The sender’s name is stated on shirt?" the package."
FI NNI S HPOD101.COM ABSOLUTE BEGINNER S 1 #25 - LOOK WHAT I GOT FROM S ANTA IN FINLAND! 3 Isä lukee lehden aamulla. Olen pahoillani, en osaa lukea
nimeäsi. "Dad reads the newspaper in the morning." "I'm sorry, I can't read your name." (formal)
Tällä koiralla on pehmeä turkki. Voi ei, kahvia kaatui pöydälle!
"This dog has soft fur." "Oh no, coffee spilled on the table!"
Hevoset ovat kauniita eläimiä. Äiti kutoo Emmille villapaitaa.
"Horses are beautiful animals." "Mother is knitting Emmi a sweater."
VOCABULARY PHRASE USAGE lukea ("to read")
We have actually had this verb before, way back in lesson 12. Then it was used in an ordinary sentence Vieläkö luet tuota kirjaa? - "Are you still reading that book?" As you can see in this dialogue, it is quite often also used in a sentence without a subject: Tässä lukee... "It s ays here..."
tuntua ("to feel," "to seem")
Note that the verb tuntua is intransitive. That is, it is used in sentences such as Se tuntuu kylmältä/kuumalta/pehmeältä "It feels cold/hot/soft." You cannot use it to translate the English sentence "I felt the package, trying to figure out what was inside." In Finnish, you would need a different verb for that. You also cannot say Minä tunnun kylmältä if you mean "I feel cold." For that, you'll need the construction from the previous lesson: Minulla on kylmä. Minä tunnun kylmältä would mean that you feel cold to the touch. Tu n t u a can also be used in the figurative sense "to seem" as in Kalle tuntuu mukavalta pojalta "Kalle seems like a nice boy."
paita ("shirt," "blouse")
Paita is a garment on the upper body, and it often has something attached in front of it to specify what kind of a garment it is, such as teepaita "t-shirt," kauluspaita
FI NNI S HPOD101.COM ABSOLUTE BEGINNER S 1 #25 - LOOK WHAT I GOT FROM S ANTA IN FINLAND! 4 (kaulus = "collar") "dress shirt," yöpaita "nightshirt," aluspaita "undershirt." It is used of both men's and women's garments. GRAMMAR
The Focus of this Lesson is Reviewing the Outer Locative Cases in the Context of Having, Giving, and Receiving. Keneltä se on? "Who is it from?"
We have looked at a number of situations where you use the adessive case ("on top of"). As we have seen, one of its very important uses is indicating possession. The ablative ("from top of") and allative ("onto") have the related uses of indicating a giver and a recipient, respectively. The verb will often be antaa "to give" or saada "to receive," but many kinds of verbs indicating some kind of a transfer will be seen in this context.
Sample Sentences:
Adessive ("on") Ablat ive ("from") Allat ive ("to")
Lapsi saa äidiltä ruokaa. Äiti antaa lapselle "The child receives food ruokaa. Lapsella on ruokaa. from the mother." "The mother gives food "The child has food." to the child."
Isällä on talo. Talo siirtyy isältä pojalle. Talo siirtyy isältä pojalle. "Father has a house." "The house passes from "The house passes from father to son." father to son."
Helen lainaa Liisalta Liisa lainaa Helenille sateenvarjon. sateenvarjon. Liisalla on sateenvarjo. "Helen borrows an "Liisa lends Helen an "Liisa has an umbrella." umbrella from Helen." umbrella."
Pyydä äidiltä lupa. Antaako äiti minulle "Ask for permission luvan? Minulla on lupa. from mom." "Will mom give me "I have permission." permission?"
Äiti, Miia ei anna minulle Saanko Miialta leluja? mitään leluja! "Will I get some toys Miialla on leluja. "Mom, Miia doesn't give from Miia?" "Miia has toys." me any toys!"
FI NNI S HPOD101.COM ABSOLUTE BEGINNER S 1 #25 - LOOK WHAT I GOT FROM S ANTA IN FINLAND! 5 Emmillä on turkkilainen Emmi saa kortin Emmi lähettää kortin kortti. saksalaiselta ystävältä. japanilaiselle ystävälle. "Emmi has a Turkish "Emmi receives a card "Emmi sends a card to a card." from a German friend." Japanese friend."
Examples from this Dialogue
1. Täm ä paketti on Helenille. "This packet is for Helen."
2. Keneltä se on? "Who is it from?"
3. Minulla on samanlainen. "I have a similar one."
CULTURAL INSIGHT
Christmas in Finland
Finland is the home of Santa Claus (even though some people erroneously believe he lives in the north pole). Therefore, he visits Finnish homes at the start of his journey, and thus he gets there before people go to sleep on Christmas Eve and he can just ring the doorbell instead of climbing in through the chimney. His visit is the eagerly anticipated climax of Christmas Eve in families with children. Unfortunately, it sometimes happens that the father/grandfather/uncle just happens to be somewhere when Santa comes, and therefore misses the best part of the evening entirely. It may also happen that Santa is behind schedule, and then he just makes a phone call informing the people that he has left the presents behind the door. He might also get some delivery assistance from the local boy scouts, for whom Christmas may be a significant source of income. Santa usually only visits families with small children. When the children grow older, the presents just turn up under the Christmas tree during the day.
FI NNI S HPOD101.COM ABSOLUTE BEGINNER S 1 #25 - LOOK WHAT I GOT FROM S ANTA IN FINLAND! 6