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Stories of the Berkshires Kimberly Bolduc Union College - Schenectady, NY

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Stories of the Berkshires Kimberly Bolduc Union College - Schenectady, NY Union College Union | Digital Works Honors Theses Student Work 6-2017 A Monumental History: Stories of the Berkshires Kimberly Bolduc Union College - Schenectady, NY Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalworks.union.edu/theses Part of the American Literature Commons, Literature in English, North America Commons, and the Nonfiction Commons Recommended Citation Bolduc, Kimberly, "A Monumental History: Stories of the Berkshires" (2017). Honors Theses. 9. https://digitalworks.union.edu/theses/9 This Open Access is brought to you for free and open access by the Student Work at Union | Digital Works. It has been accepted for inclusion in Honors Theses by an authorized administrator of Union | Digital Works. For more information, please contact [email protected]. A Monumental History: Stories of the Berkshires By Kimberly Bolduc ******* Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for Honors in the Department of English Union College June 2017 Bolduc ii Abstract BOLDUC, KIMBERLY A. A Monumental History: Stories of the Berkshires. Department of English, June 2017. ADVISORS: Andrew Burkett, Bernhard Kuhn A Monumental History: Stories of the Berkshires is a creative-nonfiction work focusing on stories surrounding forgotten monuments in the Berkshire region of western Massachusetts. The Berkshires exhibit a distinct regional culture that has set them apart from the rest of Massachusetts and indeed from the rest of the rural and urban United States. As one of the first American frontiers, the region was settled by self-reliant and determined pioneers who had to endure harsh environments, Native American unrest, wars, and political and religious disturbances and disagreements. Utopian communities like the Shakers would settle in the Berkshires, drawn by their promise of frontier religious freedoms. At the same time, the region also attracted celebrities who were drawn to the unperturbed natural beauty of the mountains. No other landscape can boast the attentions of literary giants like Herman Melville and Nathaniel Hawthorne, while also showcasing the artistic work of residents like Norman Rockwell. Even the natural landscape poses a contrast to the rest of Massachusetts. While Massachusetts is relatively flat, the Berkshires are a land of mountain ranges, including both the Berkshire mountains in the east, really the southern branch of the Hoosac Range, and the Taconic Mountains in the west. The geology of the region has made it distinctive and created a crucible for the unique culture that colors its hills. Bolduc iii Yet, while the wild beauty of the area has attracted people like the Shakers, Herman Melville, and Nathaniel Hawthorne, it has also attracted industries that have left the land scarred with old abandoned railroad lines and quarries, for instance. The land was left ravaged and the inhabitants were decimated by the loss of these industries. However, in the past century the Berkshires have come back to life, as exemplified by the outpouring of local aid that accompanied a military plane crash in the region in 1942 and the memorialization of the site on Garnet Peak. To tell the story of the Berkshires, this work focuses on four sites: the Hancock Shaker Village in Hancock, Monument Mountain in Great Barrington, the Hudson and Chester Granite Quarry in Becket, and the Garnet Peak plane crash monument in Peru. Each of these areas is described firsthand as they exist in the present day through descriptions of hikes that serve to take the reader into the very woods where these stories took place. Then, the history of each area is analytically explored using historical texts, which provide the historical context of the Berkshires. Ultimately, by contrasting the present day with the past, the goal of this work is to establish how the natural environments of each of these sites were changed by human hands and what human happenings these changes memorialize. By focusing on and exploring these specific sites, it is possible to reveal greater trends about the relationship between religion, art, industry, and community, on the one hand, and nature, on the other. Also, this project aims to evaluate the effects of Americans’ inhabitance upon the land. Literary works dealing with these topics are cited and unpacked in order to add dimension to the question of how Americans might properly memorialize regional land. The works of William Cullen Bryant and Percy Bolduc iv Bysshe Shelley serve to provide a Romantic perspective on the purpose and longevity of humanity’s monuments in nature. Expanding on this creative analysis, the Berkshires can serve as a microcosm from which the extensive history of America can be understood. From the history of the Berkshires, greater conclusions can be drawn about the United States as a country of progress, innovation, and hope. Bolduc v Acknowledgements Special thanks to my two thesis advisors, Professor Andrew Burkett and Professor Bernhard Kuhn, for spending countless hours poring over this work. Your assistance during the writing process was indispensable and will not be forgotten. To the staff at Schaffer Library for helping me obtain documents and books necessary to complete this thesis. To Mr. James Odato, whose willingness to read my work in addition to all his other responsibilities warmed my heart. To the other seven members of my thesis class for being a constant inspiration and a pillar from which I could continually draw support. To the entire English Department for their support and assistance. To my family, without whom this project would not have come to fruition. From an early age my parents instilled in me a love of the natural world and of my homeland, which sustained me throughout this project. To my friends for their unwavering support and their dedication to me. I cannot believe I am worthy of such kindness and I appreciate it from the bottom of my heart. Bolduc vi Table of Contents Introduction ..................................................................................... 1 The Experience of Nature ............................................................................................................. 1 An Equal Partnership: Nature and Humankind ........................................................................... 3 The Berkshires .............................................................................................................................. 9 Chapter 1: HANCOCK SHAKER VILLAGE .............................. 15 Mountain Utopia ........................................................................................................................ 15 Pilgrimage Up the Mountain...................................................................................................... 17 Hands to Work, Hearts to God ................................................................................................... 26 The City of Peace ....................................................................................................................... 36 More Than Just Furniture .......................................................................................................... 39 Chapter 2: MONUMENT MOUNTAIN ...................................... 41 Land of Legends ......................................................................................................................... 41 The Mountain ............................................................................................................................. 43 The Monument ............................................................................................................................ 49 An Artist’s Memorial .................................................................................................................. 55 Chapter 3: HUDSON AND CHESTER GRANITE QUARRY ... 58 In Search of a Sustainable Industry ........................................................................................... 58 Wounded Hills ............................................................................................................................ 63 “Art Combined with Nature” ..................................................................................................... 71 A Monument to Honor All Monuments ...................................................................................... 76 Chapter 4: PERU CRASH SITE ................................................... 79 The Power of Community ........................................................................................................... 79 Sixteen Deaths ............................................................................................................................ 80 Three Survivors .......................................................................................................................... 83 Bloodstained Nature ................................................................................................................... 95 The Crash That Shouldn’t Have Happened ............................................................................. 100 Conclusion .................................................................................. 108 Works Cited ................................................................................ 110 Introduction The Experience of Nature For most of my life my idea of ‘tall things’ were mountains—not skyscrapers. As a native of the Berkshires of western Massachusetts, everything I held dear in my early life, including
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