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Impact of Rural and Community Bank Credit Access on Technical IMPACT OF RURAL AND COMMUNITY BANK CREDIT ACCESS ON TECHNICAL EFFICIENCY OF SMALLHOLDER CASSAVA FARMERS IN FANTEAKWA DISTRICT OF GHANA ARNOLD MISSIAME A56/9491/2017 A THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE AWARD OF THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF SCIENCE IN AGRICULTURAL AND APPLIED ECONOMICS DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS FACULTY OF AGRICULTURE UNIVERSITY OF NAIROBI JULY, 2020 DECLARATION Declaration This thesis is my original work and has not been presented for an award in any other academic institution. Arnold Missiame (Reg. No. A56/9491/2017) Signature……………………………… Date……………………………………… Approval This thesis has been submitted with our approval as university supervisors: Prof. Rose A. Nyikal Department of Agricultural Economics, University of Nairobi Signature……………………………… Date……………………………………… Dr. Patrick Irungu Department of Agricultural Economics, University of Nairobi Signature……………………………… Date……………………………………… i DEDICATION To my Father ii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I thank God for His grace while working on this thesis. My sincere gratitude goes to my supervisors; Prof. Rose Nyikal and Dr. Patrick Irungu both of the Department of Agricultural Economics, for their patience, motivation, informative suggestions and constructive criticisms from the proposal stage to the final stage of this thesis. Comments from other lecturers at the Department are also highly appreciated. I am thankful to the African Economic Research Consortium (AERC) for the financial support without which this thesis would not have been possible. I am very grateful to Ms. Grace Darko Apiah-Kubi as well as Ms Gilberthe Benimana, Mr. Solomon Amoabeng-Nimako and Mr. Rexford Akrong. Your comments and suggestions were very instrumental in completing this thesis. Finally, I acknowledge my enumerators, especially Mr. Baafi, for his immense support during data collection. iii TABLE OF CONTENTS DECLARATION ............................................................................................................................. i DEDICATION ................................................................................................................................ ii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ............................................................................................................. iii LIST OF TABLES ......................................................................................................................... vi LIST OF FIGURES ....................................................................................................................... vi LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS ................................................................... iviii ABSTRACT .................................................................................................................................... x CHAPTER ONE ............................................................................................................................. 1 INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Background ........................................................................................................................... 1 1.2 Statement of the Problem ...................................................................................................... 5 1.3 Objectives of the Study ......................................................................................................... 7 1.4 Hypotheses ............................................................................................................................ 7 1.5 Justification ........................................................................................................................... 7 1.6 Description of the Study Area ............................................................................................... 9 1.7 Organization of the Thesis .................................................................................................. 11 CHAPTER TWO .......................................................................................................................... 12 LITERATURE REVIEW ............................................................................................................. 12 2.1 Rural Banking in Ghana ...................................................................................................... 12 2.2 Theoretical Review ............................................................................................................. 13 2.3 Empirical Review ................................................................................................................ 18 2.4 Summary ............................................................................................................................. 21 CHAPTER THREE ...................................................................................................................... 22 METHODOLOGY ....................................................................................................................... 22 iv 3.1 Conceptual Framework ....................................................................................................... 22 3.2 Theoretical Framework ....................................................................................................... 23 3.3 Empirical Framework .......................................................................................................... 25 3.3.1 Assessment of Smallholder Farmer Awareness of RCB Credit Programmes ................. 25 3.3.2 Estimating Smallholder Cassava Farmers’ Technical Efficiency .................................... 30 3.3.3 Assessment of Impact of RCB Credit Access on Cassava Farmers’ Technical Efficiency ................................................................................................................................................... 35 3.4 Diagnostic Tests .................................................................................................................. 43 3.5 Sampling.............................................................................................................................. 44 3.6 Data Collection .................................................................................................................... 45 3.7 Data Management and Analysis .......................................................................................... 45 CHAPTER FOUR ......................................................................................................................... 46 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION ................................................................................................... 46 4.1 Respondents’ Socio-demographic Profiles ......................................................................... 46 4.2. Factors Influencing Farmer Awareness of RCB Credit Programmes ................................ 50 4.3 Technical Efficiency of Cassava Farmers ........................................................................... 54 4.4 Impact of RCB Credit Access on Cassava Farmers’ Technical Efficiency ........................ 64 CHAPTER FIVE .......................................................................................................................... 73 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS ....................................................................... 73 5.1 Summary ............................................................................................................................. 73 5.2 Conclusions ......................................................................................................................... 74 5.3 Recommendations ............................................................................................................... 75 5.4 Areas for Further Research ................................................................................................. 76 REFERENCES ............................................................................................................................. 77 APPENDICES .............................................................................................................................. 95 v LIST OF TABLES Table 3.1: Definition and measurement of variables hypothesized to influence farmer awareness of RCB credit programmes in Fanteakwa district, Ghana. ........................................................... 26 Table 3.2 Description of variables hypothesized to influence technical inefficiency of smallholder cassava farmers, and their hypothesized signs .......................................................... 33 Table 3.3: Stochastic frontier hypotheses validation .................................................................... 35 Table 3.4 Description of variables in the ESR and their expected signs ...................................... 40 Table 4.1 Socio-demographic characteristics of farmers based on awareness of RCB credit programmes................................................................................................................................... 46 Table 4.2: Determinants of smallholder cassava farmers’ awareness of RCB credit programmes ....................................................................................................................................................... 50 Table 4.3. Summary statistics of cassava yield and quantity of inputs used by smallholder farmers
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