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Advancements of Microbiology 2019 POLSKIE TOWARZYSTWO MIKROBIOLOGÓW Kwartalnik Tom 58 Zeszyt 4•2019 PAèDZIERNIK – GRUDZIE¡ CODEN: PMKMAV 58 (4) Advancements of Microbiology 2019 Index Copernicus ICV = 101,48 (2017) Impact Factor ISI = 0,298 (2018) Punktacja MNiSW = 20,00 (2019) http://www.pm.microbiology.plhttp://www.pm.microbiology.pl RADA REDAKCYJNA JACEK BARDOWSKI (Instytut Biochemii i Biofizyki PAN), DARIUSZ BARTOSIK (Uniwersytet Warszawski), JACEK BIELECKI (Uniwersytet Warszawski), RYSZARD CHRÓST (Uniwersytet Warszawski), JERZY DŁUGOŃSKI (Uniwersytet Łódzki), NADZIEJA DRELA (Uniwersytet Warszawski), EUGENIA GOSPODAREK-KOMKOWSKA (Collegium Medicum w Bydgoszczy, Uniwersytet Mikołaja Kopernika w Toruniu), JERZY HREBENDA (Uniwersytet Warszawski), WALERIA HRYNIEWICZ (Narodowy Instytut Leków), MAREK JAKÓBISIAK (Warszawski Uniwersytet Medyczny), JACEK MIĘDZOBRODZKI (Uniwersytet Jagielloński), ANDRZEJ PIEKAROWICZ (Uniwersytet Warszawski), ANTONI RÓŻALSKI (Uniwersytet Łódzki), ALEKSANDRA SKŁODOWSKA (Uniwersytet Warszawski), RADOSŁAW STACHOWIAK (Uniwersytet Warszawski), BOGUSŁAW SZEWCZYK (Uniwersytet Gdański), ELŻBIETA TRAFNY (Wojskowa Akademia Techniczna), STANISŁAWA TYLEWSKA-WIERZBANOWSKA (Narodowy Instytut Zdrowia Publicznego), GRZEGORZ WĘGRZYN (Uniwersytet Gdański), PIOTR ZIELENKIEWICZ (Uniwersytet Warszawski) REDAKCJA JACEK BIELECKI (Redaktor Naczelny) Instytut Mikrobiologii, Wydział Biologii, Uniwersytet Warszawski, ul. Miecznikowa 1, 02-096 Warszawa; tel. 22 5541304; e-mail: [email protected] RADOSŁAW STACHOWIAK (Zastępca) Instytut Mikrobiologii, Wydział Biologii, Uniwersytet Warszawski, ul. Miecznikowa 1, 02-096 Warszawa; tel. 22 5541312; e-mail: [email protected] AGNIESZKA SOBOLEWSKA-RUTA (Sekretarz) Instytut Biotechnologii i Antybiotyków, ul. Starościńska 5, 02-516 Warszawa tel. 22 3786229, e-mail: [email protected] MARTA THOMSEN (korekta tekstów angielskich) ADRES REDAKCJI Instytut Mikrobiologii, Wydział Biologii, Uniwersytet Warszawski ul. Miecznikowa 1, 02-096 Warszawa; tel.: 22 3786229, 22 5541312 e-mail: [email protected] REDAKTORZY MONIKA ADAMCZYK-POPŁAWSKA (Uniwersytet Warszawski) ALEKSANDER DEPTUŁA (Uniwersytet Mikołaja Kopernika w Toruniu), HENRYK KRUKOWSKI (Uniwersytet Przyrodniczy w Lublinie), BOŻENA NEJMAN-FALEŃCZYK (Uniwersytet Gdański) RENATA MATLAKOWSKA (Uniwersytet Warszawski), ADRIANNA RACZKOWSKA (Uniwersytet Warszawski) AGATA GORYLUK-SALMONOWICZ (Szkoła Główna Gospodarstwa Wiejskiego w Warszawie) AGNIESZKA KWIATEK (Uniwersytet Warszawski), AGNIESZKA SZCZEPANKOWSKA (Instytut Biochemii i Biofizyki PAN) BOHDAN STAROŚCIAK (Warszawski Uniwersytet Medyczny), PIOTR ZALESKI (Instytut Biotechnologii i Antybiotyków) PUBLIKACJE METODYCZNE I STANDARDY Redaktor odpowiedzialny: STEFANIA GIEDRYS-KALEMBA (Pomorski Uniwersytet Medyczny w Szczecinie) Adres Redaktora działu Publikacje Metodyczne i Standardy ul. Malinowa 11, 72-003 Wołczkowo tel. 605031324; fax 91 3113186; e-mail: [email protected] STALI RECENZENCI: JERZY DŁUGOŃSKI (Uniwersytet Łódzki), WALERIA HRYNIEWICZ (Narodowy Instytut Leków), EUGENIUSZ MAŁAFIEJ (Instytut Centrum Zdrowia Matki Polki), ANNA PRZONDO-MORDARSKA (Akademia Medyczna we Wrocławiu) ISBN 978 - 83 - 923731 - 3 - 1 Informacja o zdjęciu na okładce: Komórki Neisseria gonorrhoeae, mutant szczepu FA1090. Preparatyka: dr Agnieszka Kwiatek, Zakład Wirusologii, Instytut Mikrobiologii, Uniwersytet Warszawski. Zdjęcie: dr Paweł Bącal, Pracownia Inżynierii Nanohybrydowych Biosystemów Regulacji, Instytut Biocybernetyki i Inżynierii Biome- dycznej im. M. Nałęcza Polskiej Akademii Nauk. Obraz SEM uzyskano przy użyciu aparatury zakupionej w ramach projektu CePT POIG.02.02.00-14-024/08-00. POLSKIE TOWARZYSTWO MIKROBIOLOGÓW Skład i druk: Zakład Wydawniczy Letter Quality, tel.: 22 115 38 10, 607 217 879 e-mail: [email protected]; projekt okładki: Jerzy Grzegorkiewicz Podziękowania Redakcja Postępów Mikrobiologii składa serdeczne podziękowania dla Recenzentów spoza Rady Redakcyjnej, którzy przyczynili się do utrzymania i polepszania standardów naszego czasopisma. Poniżej przedstawiamy listę recenzentów prac w 2019 roku: Dr hab. Tamara Aleksandrzak-Piekarczyk Dr hab. Daria Augustyniak Dr Jadwiga Baj Dr hab. inż. Maria Balcerek, prof. ITFiM Prof. dr hab. inż. Wiesława Barabasz Dr Małgorzata Biegańska Prof. dr hab. Marian Binek Prof. dr hab. inż. Elżbieta Daczkowska-Kozon Dr hab. Łukasz Drewniak, prof. ucz. Dr hab. Bożena Dworecka-Kaszak Dr hab. Tomasz Dzieciątkowski Prof. dr hab. Jan Fiedurek Dr hab. inż. Karol Fijałkowski Dr hab. Magdalena Florek, prof. UEP Prof. dr hab. Mariusz Gagoś Dr hab. Anna Goc, prof. UMK Dr hab. inż. Ewa Górska, prof. SGGW Prof. dr hab. Anna Goździcka-Józefiak Dr hab. n. med. Adam Junka Prof. dr hab. Ewa Karwowska Dr hab. Monika Kordowska-Wiater Dr hab. inż. Alina Kunicka-Styczyńska, prof. ITFiM Dr hab. n. o zdr. Cecylia Łukaszuk Prof. dr hab. Wanda Małek Dr hab. Aneta Nowakiewicz Dr hab. Egbert Piasecki Dr hab. n. med. Aldona Pietrzak Prof. dr hab. inż. Elżbieta Pląskowska Dr hab. n. med. Edyta Podsiadły dr hab. Katarzyna Potrykus, prof. UG Lek. Leszek Rudzki Prof. dr hab. Danuta Sosnowska Prof. dr hab. Zdzisław Targoński Dr hab. Beata Tokarz-Deptuła Dr hab. Agnieszka Tokarzewska, prof. UŁ Prof. dr hab. Stefan Tyski Mgr Paweł Urbanowicz Dr hab. Maciej Walczak Dr hab. Dariusz Wasyl, prof. nadz. Prof. dr hab. Grzegorz Węgrzyn Dr n. med. Iwona Wojciechowska-Koszko Dr hab. Agnieszka Wolna-Maruwka Dr Tomasz Wołkowicz Dr hab. Wiktoria Wróblewska, prof. SGH Dr Patrycja Zalas-Wiecek Dr Magdalena Zalewska Dr n. med. Dorota Żabicka Zakup numerów DOI dla publikowanych artykułów oraz profesjonalne tłumaczenie artykułów z języka polskiego na angielski – zadania finansowane w ramach umowy 659/P-DUN/2018 ze środków Ministerstwa Nauki i Szkolnictwa Wyższego przeznaczonych na działalność upowszechniających naukę. Wersja elektroniczna wydrukowanych w bieżącym zeszycie artykułów jest dostępna w archiwum internetowym czasopisma pod adresem: https://www.exeley.com/journal/advancements_of_microbiology ADVANCEMENTS OF MICROBIOLOGY – POSTĘPY MIKROBIOLOGII 2019, 58, 4, 367–373 DOI: 10.21307/PM–2019.58.4.367 AVOIDANCE OF MECHANISMS OF INNATE IMMUNE RESPONSE BY NEISSERIA GONORRHOEAE Jagoda Płaczkiewicz* Department of Virology, Institute of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw Submitted in July, accepted in October 2019 Abstract: Neisseria gonorrhoeae (gonococcus) is a Gram-negative bacteria and an etiological agent of the sexually transmitted disease – gonorrhea. N. gonorrhoeae possesses many mechanism to evade the innate immune response of the human host. Most are related to serum resistance and avoidance of complement killing. However the clinical symptoms of gonorrhea are correlated with a significant pres- ence of neutrophils, whose response is also insufficient and modulated by gonococci. 1. Introduction. 2. Adherence ability. 3. Serum resistance and complement system. 4. Neutrophils. 4.1. Phagocytosis. 4.1.1. Oxygen- dependent intracellular killing. 4.1.2. Oxygen-independent intracellular killing. 4.2. Neutrophil extracellular traps. 4.3. Degranulation. 4.4. Apoptosis. 5. Summary UNIKANIE MECHANIZMÓW WRODZONEJ ODPOWIEDZI IMMUNOLOGICZNEJ PRZEZ NEISSERIA GONORRHOEAE Streszczenie: Neisseria gonorrhoeae (gonokok) to Gram-ujemna dwoinka będąca czynnikiem etiologicznym choroby przenoszonej drogą płciową – rzeżączki. N. gonorrhoeae posiada liczne mechanizmy umożliwiające jej unikanie wrodzonej odpowiedzi immunologicznej gospodarza. Większość z nich związana jest ze zdolnością gonokoków do manipulowania układem dopełniacza gospodarza oraz odpor- nością tej bakterii na surowicę. Jednakże symptomy infekcji N. gonorrhoeae wynikają między innymi z obecności licznych neutrofili, których aktywność jest modulowana przez gonokoki. 1. Wprowadzenie. 2. Zdolność adherencji. 3. Surowica i układ dopełniacza. 4. Neutrofile. 4.1. Fagocytoza. 4.1.1. Wewnątrzkomórkowe zabijanie zależne od tlenu. 4.1.2. Wewnątrzkomórkowe zabijanie niezależne od tlenu. 4.2. Neutrofilowe sieci zewnątrzkomórkowe. 4.3. Degranulacja. 4.4. Apoptoza. 5. Podsumowanie Key words: bacterial pathogenesis, inflammation, innate immune response Słowa kluczowe: bakteryjna patogeneza, stan zapalny, wrodzona odpowiedź immunologiczna 1. Introduction The crucial challenge related to gonorrhea treatment is increased multi-drug resistance of N. gonorrhoeae Nowadays, sexually transmitted infections (STIs) still [54]. What is more, there are problems with construct- remain a major global health problem with about 1 mil- ing an effective vaccine due to the highly antigenically lion of new cases of chlamydia, gonorrhea, trichomo- variable surface of these bacteria and lack of appro- niasis or syphilis daily [55]. However, in 2017 the World priate animal model of this disease, with the exception Health Organization qualified Neisseria gonorrhoeae, as of chimpanzees [20, 26]. Additionally, infection with the only etiological agent of STIs, among the “priority N. gonorrhoeae does not induce protective immunity pathogens” that pose the greatest threat to human health [12]. Hence it is crucial to understand the mechanisms because of antibiotic resistance [54]. In 2012, an esti- underlying the ability of gonococci to avoid the first mated 78 million new cases of gonorrhea caused by an line defence in the human host, which is the innate obligatory human pathogen N. gonorrhoeae (gonococ- immune response [26]. cus), occurred among 15–45 year-old patients world- wide [16, 55]. Gonococci infect a diverse array of human 2. Adherence ability mucosal surfaces,
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