DOCSLIB.ORG

Distribution Agreement in Presenting the Thesis Or Dissertation As a Partial

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Distribution Agreement in Presenting the Thesis Or Dissertation As a Partial Distribution Agreement In presenting the thesis or dissertation as a partial fulfillment of the requirements for an advanced degree from Emory University, I hereby grant to Emory University and its agents the non-exclusive license to archive, make accessible, and display my thesis or dissertation in whole or in part in all forms of media, now or hereafter known, including display on the world wide web. I understand that I may select some access restrictions as part of the online submission of this thesis or dissertation. I retain all ownership rights to the copyright of the thesis or dissertation. I also retain the right to use in future works (such as articles or books) all or part of this thesis or dissertation. Signature: ______________________________________ _______________ Abigail Parsons Date Sapphic Scarletts, Dixie Dykes, and Tomboys: Representing Female-Bodied Queerness in Contemporary Southern Novels and Films By Abigail Parsons Doctor of Philosophy Women’s, Gender, and Sexuality Studies ________________________________________________________ Martine Watson Brownley, Ph.D. Advisor ________________________________________________________ Michele Schreiber, Ph.D. Committee Member ________________________________________________________ Pamela Scully, Ph.D. Committee Member Accepted: _________________________________________________________ Lisa A. Tedesco, Ph.D. Dean of the James T. Laney School of Graduate Studies _________________ Date Sapphic Scarletts, Dixie Dykes, and Tomboys: Representing Female-Bodied Queerness in Contemporary Southern Novels and Films By Abigail Parsons M.Res., University of Central Lancashire, 2005 B.A., University of Central Lancashire, 2004 Advisor: Martine Watson Brownley, Ph.D. An abstract of a dissertation submitted to the Faculty of the James T. Laney School of Graduate Studies of Emory University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Women’s, Gender, and Sexuality Studies 2013 Abstract Sapphic Scarletts, Dixie Dykes, and Tomboys: Representing Female-Bodied Queerness in Contemporary Southern Novels and Films By Abigail Parsons This dissertation examines how representations of female-bodied queerness in contemporary fiction and film challenge dominant cultural narratives about the U.S. South. The events and images that configure prevailing narratives of southern exceptionalism – slavery, segregation, the Civil War, antebellum courtship rituals, evangelism, Southern Baptist doctrine, and redneck culture, for example – present few, if any, possibilities for a visible queer southern history. Queer southerners are all too aware of how hegemonic conceptions of the region erase or obscure their very existence, yet certain fictional texts capitalize on the flaws, contradictions, and ellipses in these conceptions to show that southern queerness is always already a possibility. Through close analyses of twentieth- and twenty-first-century novels and films set in the U.S. South, I illuminate how a concept I call female-bodied queerness is represented, and how, where, and when it manifests. I situate textual representations of queer female bodies, identities, and experiences within a distinctly regional context in order to ascertain what cultural and narrative work they perform on dominant narratives of the South. I critique the tendency in scholarship and creative works to reduce queer U.S. history to a series of binaries – urban/rural, North/South, gay/straight – that render the concept of southern queerness untenable or invisible. I examine how racial, class, religious, political, and cultural narratives of the region place limits on representations of queer characters, images, themes, and stories but then explore what strategies particular texts use to render queerness visible in spite of those limits. I draw on scholarship in the fields of history, cultural studies, film and literary theory, queer studies, and southern studies to in order to understand how dominant cultural narratives are produced and how they function as regulatory fictions that govern representations and perceptions of the South and southerners. Ultimately, this dissertation suggests that representations of female-bodied queerness in contemporary southern novels and films create counter- narratives about the region that demand we acknowledge and embrace the existence and complexity of queer southern histories. Sapphic Scarletts, Dixie Dykes, and Tomboys: Representing Female-Bodied Queerness in Contemporary Southern Novels and Films By Abigail Parsons M.Res., University of Central Lancashire, 2005 B.A., University of Central Lancashire, 2004 Advisor: Martine Watson Brownley, Ph.D. A dissertation submitted to the Faculty of the James T. Laney School of Graduate Studies of Emory University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Women’s, Gender, and Sexuality Studies 2013 Acknowledgements Thank you to my advisor, Martine Watson Brownley, for not only being an incredible intellectual resource but a fierce advocate and seal trainer par excellence. I can only apologize for making your life more difficult with my maddening comma misuse. Thank you to my committee members, Pamela Scully and Michele Schreiber, for your unwavering support and encouragement throughout this process and your insightful commentary that helped me create a dissertation I could be proud of. Thank you to Berky Abreu for being a constant source of comfort, humor, care, help, light, and inspiration. Thank you to April Biagioni and Cheryl Delaney for not just your willingness to help me when you could just tell me to go read the handbook but your friendship and general awesomeness. Thank you to Aimi, Chanel, and Nikki, the members of Professor Beth Reingold’s Research Design class in the Fall of 2010. Your questions and ideas during the formative stages of this project were essential in helping me find direction and break through critical plateaus. I must extend a huge thank you to Michael Shutt, Director of the Office of LGBT Life, for being an incredible mentor and advocate. Thank you for the opportunities you have given me in the Office and for planting the seed at Creating Change in Minneapolis that maybe, just maybe, I should consider a career in Student Affairs. Thank you to Danielle Steele, Jodi Jackson, and Kate Bulger for being the best neighbors I could ask for. You have made my off-campus life fun and fulfilling. I am so lucky to call you my friends. Thank you to my parents who don’t really understand why I am still in school at the age of 31 but have finally stopped giving me a hard time about it. Thank you to Kelly, Karen, and Simone who remind me there is more to life than reading books and who give me a place to come home to. Thank you to the Helblings for cheering me on from afar. Your support means the world to me. Finally, thank you to Kal Helbling for your unending support, patience, and love. We did it! Table of Contents Page Foreword 1 Chapter One 19 “Behaving Like a Lady:” Crossdressing Women and Same-Sex Desire in Contemporary Civil War Novels Chapter Two 48 “I just cain’t wait to get to heaven”: Nostalgia and Idealized Queer Community in Fried Green Tomatoes at the Whistle Stop Café and Fried Green Tomatoes Chapter Three 75 Neither Here Nor There: Black Female Sexuality and Queer (Invisibility) in The Color Purple Chapter Four 107 “Share Our Anger and Our Love”: Imagining Queerness in Hostile Spaces in Ann Allen Shockley’s Say Jesus and Come to Me and Dorothy Allison’s Cavedweller Afterword 149 Works Cited 156 1 Foreword Nell Irvin Painter writes “there is seldom a singular ‘the South,’ for simple characterizations eliminate the reality of sharp conflicts over just about everything in Southern culture” (Color Line 111). In so doing, she draws attention to the ways in which denying multiple and often conflicting histories results in a privileging of one history over others. This project is concerned with one particular collection of heretofore marginalized southern histories, those of female-bodied queer people. I aim to explore certain kinds of queerness in representations of the South that scholars in the field of southern studies have thus far critically ignored. The focus on gay southern men, especially white men, has dominated the already narrow field of queer southern studies and much of the gay literature set in the South. Therefore, instead of focusing on queer images and narratives in their most visibly recognizable forms – the figure of the isolated gay white male, or the story of gay migration to urban queer havens, for example – I turn to a set of marginalized images that constitute what I call female-bodied queerness. This project suggests that a collection of interdependent dominant narratives and counter-narratives help define the region, and in particular, it focuses on the ways in which films and novels either conform to dominant cultural narratives about the region or diverge to create counter-narratives of their own. Through close analyses of twentieth- and twenty-first-century novels and films set in the U.S. South, I illuminate how a concept I call female-bodied queerness is represented, and how, where, and when it manifests. For the purposes of this project, “female-bodied” refers to characters whose assigned or assumed sex is female but who may not necessarily present or identify as 2 girls or women. For example, the term “female-bodied queerness” might more accurately describe a tomboy who was born female-bodied but
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Review: Black Feminist Cultural Criticism by Jacqueline Bobo
    Masthead Logo Smith ScholarWorks Africana Studies: Faculty Publications Africana Studies Summer 2005 Review: Black Feminist Cultural Criticism by Jacqueline Bobo: Feminism Is for Everybody: Passionate Politics by bell hooks: Feminist Theory: From Margin to Center by bell hooks Daphne Lamothe Smith College, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.smith.edu/afr_facpubs Part of the Africana Studies Commons Recommended Citation Lamothe, Daphne, "Review: Black Feminist Cultural Criticism by Jacqueline Bobo: Feminism Is for Everybody: Passionate Politics by bell hooks: Feminist Theory: From Margin to Center by bell hooks" (2005). Africana Studies: Faculty Publications, Smith College, Northampton, MA. https://scholarworks.smith.edu/afr_facpubs/6 This Book Review has been accepted for inclusion in Africana Studies: Faculty Publications by an authorized administrator of Smith ScholarWorks. For more information, please contact [email protected] Review: Book Reviews Reviewed Work(s): Black Feminist Cultural Criticism by Jacqueline Bobo: Feminism Is for Everybody: Passionate Politics by bell hooks: Feminist Theory: From Margin to Center by bell hooks Review by: Daphne Lamothe Source: Signs , Vol. 30, No. 4, New Feminist Approaches to Social Science MethodologiesSpecial Issue EditorsSandra Harding and Kathryn Norberg (Summer 2005), pp. 2265-2270 Published by: The University of Chicago Press Stable URL: https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.1086/429809 JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact [email protected].
    [Show full text]
  • A Phenomenological Examination of Self-Identifying LGBTQ Public School Educators
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by DigitalCommons@CSP (Concordia University St. Paul) Concordia University St. Paul DigitalCommons@CSP Concordia University Portland Graduate CUP Ed.D. Dissertations Research Spring 6-21-2017 Storied Lives, Unpacked Narratives, and Intersecting Experiences: A Phenomenological Examination of Self-Identifying LGBTQ Public School Educators Robert J. Bizjak Concordia University - Portland, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.csp.edu/cup_commons_grad_edd Part of the Education Commons Recommended Citation Bizjak, R. J. (2017). Storied Lives, Unpacked Narratives, and Intersecting Experiences: A Phenomenological Examination of Self-Identifying LGBTQ Public School Educators (Thesis, Concordia University, St. Paul). Retrieved from https://digitalcommons.csp.edu/ cup_commons_grad_edd/88 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Concordia University Portland Graduate Research at DigitalCommons@CSP. It has been accepted for inclusion in CUP Ed.D. Dissertations by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@CSP. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Concordia University - Portland CU Commons Ed.D. Dissertations Graduate Theses & Dissertations Spring 6-21-2017 Storied Lives, Unpacked Narratives, and Intersecting Experiences: A Phenomenological Examination of Self-Identifying LGBTQ Public School Educators Robert J. Bizjak Concordia University - Portland Follow this and additional works at: https://commons.cu-portland.edu/edudissertations Part of the Education Commons CU Commons Citation Bizjak, Robert J., "Storied Lives, Unpacked Narratives, and Intersecting Experiences: A Phenomenological Examination of Self- Identifying LGBTQ Public School Educators" (2017). Ed.D. Dissertations. 39. https://commons.cu-portland.edu/edudissertations/39 This Open Access Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate Theses & Dissertations at CU Commons.
    [Show full text]
  • Silent Outsiders: Searching for Queer-Identity in College
    SILENT OUTSIDERS: SEARCHING FOR QUEER IDENTITY IN COMPOSITION READERS by TRAVIS W. DUNCAN B.S. Radford University, 2002 A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in the Department of English in the College of Arts and Humanities at the University of Central Florida Orlando, Florida Fall Term 2006 © 2006 Travis W. Duncan ii ABSTRACT This study searches twenty composition readers’ table of contents for the degree of inclusivity of queer people and issues. Four means of erasure are labeled as possible erasing of queer identity: presuming heteronormativity, overt homophobia, perpetuating tokenism, and pathologizing queer identity. The presence of other differences are compared to the number of times that queer identity is referenced in the table of contents. The final portion of the analysis examines the two most inclusive composition readers to understand more clearly how the readers present queer individuals and issues. In a sense, I want to explore the question of how often queer people are discussed or addressed and in what forms within these composition readers. My hope is to develop a means for instructors and students to investigate whether or not, and in what ways a composition reader prescribes presence for the queer individual. iii “Other people have ‘sexuality’ but heterosexual people are ‘just people’”. — Shaun Best This is dedicated to those teachers that strive to make an impact in all students’ lives: students who are straight and those who are queer identified. If not for teachers like those, I would not have the courage to do this type of project.
    [Show full text]
  • Feminisms 1..277
    Feminisms The Key Debates Mutations and Appropriations in European Film Studies Series Editors Ian Christie, Dominique Chateau, Annie van den Oever Feminisms Diversity, Difference, and Multiplicity in Contemporary Film Cultures Edited by Laura Mulvey and Anna Backman Rogers Amsterdam University Press The publication of this book is made possible by grants from the Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research (NWO). Cover design: Neon, design and communications | Sabine Mannel Lay-out: japes, Amsterdam Amsterdam University Press English-language titles are distributed in the US and Canada by the University of Chicago Press. isbn 978 90 8964 676 7 e-isbn 978 90 4852 363 4 doi 10.5117/9789089646767 nur 670 © L. Mulvey, A. Backman Rogers / Amsterdam University Press B.V., Amsterdam 2015 All rights reserved. Without limiting the rights under copyright reserved above, no part of this book may be reproduced, stored in or introduced into a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means (electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise) without the written permission of both the copyright owner and the author of the book. Contents Editorial 9 Preface 10 Acknowledgments 15 Introduction: 1970s Feminist Film Theory and the Obsolescent Object 17 Laura Mulvey PART I New Perspectives: Images and the Female Body Disconnected Heroines, Icy Intelligence: Reframing Feminism(s) and Feminist Identities at the Borders Involving the Isolated Female TV Detective in Scandinavian-Noir 29 Janet McCabe Lena Dunham’s Girls: Can-Do Girls,
    [Show full text]
  • Mammy Figure
    Mammy: A Century of Race, Gender, and Southern Memory Kimberly Wallace-Sanders http://www.press.umich.edu/titleDetailDesc.do?id=170676 The University of Michigan Press INTRODUCTION The “Mammi‹cation” of the Nation: Mammy and the American Imagination Nostalgia is best de‹ned as a yearning for that which we know we have destroyed. —david blight The various incarnations of the mammy ‹gure have had a profound in›uence on American culture. There is virtually no medium that has not paid homage to the mammy in some form or another. In his series “Ameri- can Myths,”for example, artist Andy Warhol included both the mammy and Aunt Jemima, along with Howdy Doody, Uncle Sam, Dracula, and the Wicked Witch of the West (‹gs. 1 and 2).1 In the late 1980s, Italian pho- tographer Olivero Toscani created an advertisement for Benetton featuring a close-up of a white infant nursing at the breast of a headless, dark- skinned black woman wearing a red Shetland sweater (‹g. 3). The adver- tisement was met with unbridled criticism from African Americans, yet it won more advertising awards than any other image in Benetton’s advertis- ing history.2 Today, tourists visiting Lancaster, Kentucky, can tour the for- mer slave plantation of Governor William Owsley, ironically called Pleas- ant Retreat. The restored home features many remnants of the Old South, including a “charming mammy bench,” a combination rocking chair and cradle designed to allow mammies to nurse an infant and rock an additional baby at the same time.3 Diminutive mammy “nipple dolls” made in the 1920s from rubber bottle nipples with tiny white baby dolls cradled in their arms are both a “well-kept secret”and an excellent investment by collectors of southern Americana (‹g.
    [Show full text]
  • A Southern Belle Goes North a Southern Belle Goes North A
    A Southern Belle Goes North Virgie Mueller A Southern Belle Goes North Virgie Mueller “Let each generation tell its children Of your mighty acts; Let them proclaim your power. I will meditate on your majestic splendor And your wonderful miracles Your awe-inspiring deeds will be on every tongue; I will proclaim your greatness. Everyone will share the story Of your wonderful goodness; They will sing with joy about your righteousness.” A SOUTHERN BELLE GOES NORTH Psalm 145:4-7 Copyright © 2014 by Virgie A. Mueller All rights reserved. No part of this publication my be reproduced without permission. Design and layout – Northern Canada Mission Press ISBN: 978-0-9938923 Printed in Canada Dedication To our children: Steven Mueller, Glen Mueller, and Sheryl Mueller Giesbrecht, who have journeyed with us on paths not necessarily of their choosing, I dedicate this book. They say they have no regrets of being raised on the mission field. God has blessed them and kept them and today they are Godly parents and grandparents. They have raised children who also love the Lord. And To our grandchildren: Tyler Mueller, Rashel Giesbrecht Pilon, Stephanie Mueller Baerg, Graeme Mueller, Joel Giesbrecht, Colton Mueller, Hannah Mueller and Caleb Mueller I dedicate this book. “The Lord bless you and keep you. The Lord make His face shine upon you and be gracious to you; the Lord turn His face toward you and give you peace.” Numbers 6:24-26 Table of Contents Part 1 A Memoir: The Years in Paint Hills, Quebec 1962-1968 The Story of Chapter 1 - The Unknown .
    [Show full text]
  • To Better Serve and Sustain the South: How Nineteenth Century
    CORE Metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk Provided by Digital Commons at Buffalo State State University of New York College at Buffalo - Buffalo State College Digital Commons at Buffalo State History Theses History and Social Studies Education 8-2012 To Better Serve and Sustain the South: How Nineteenth Century Domestic Novelists Supported Southern Patriarchy Using the "Cult of True Womanhood" and the Written Word Daphne V. Wyse Buffalo State College, [email protected] Advisor Jean E. Richardson, Ph.D., Associate Professor of History First Reader Michael S. Pendleton, Ph. D., Associate Professor of Political Science Department Chair Andrew D. Nicholls, Ph.D., Professor of History To learn more about the History and Social Studies Education Department and its educational programs, research, and resources, go to http://history.buffalostate.edu/. Recommended Citation Wyse, Daphne V., "To Better Serve and Sustain the South: How Nineteenth Century Domestic Novelists Supported Southern Patriarchy Using the "Cult of True Womanhood" and the Written Word" (2012). History Theses. Paper 8. Follow this and additional works at: http://digitalcommons.buffalostate.edu/history_theses Part of the Literature in English, North America Commons, United States History Commons, Women's History Commons, and the Women's Studies Commons Abstract During the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, American women were subjected to restrictive societal expectations, providing them with a well-defined identity and role within the male- dominated culture. For elite southern women, more so than their northern sisters, this identity became integral to southern patriarchy and tradition. As the United States succumbed to sectional tension and eventually civil war, elite white southerners found their way of life threatened as the delicate web of gender, race, and class relations that the Old South was based upon began to crumble.
    [Show full text]
  • The Erasure of Queer Blackwomxn in Post-Apartheid South Africa By
    Violent Anxiety: The erasure of queer blackwomxn in Post-Apartheid South Africa by Lethabo Mailula Submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree Master of Law in the Department of Jurisprudence Faculty of Law UNIVERSITY OF PRETORIA December 2018 SUMMARY Violent Anxiety: The erasure of queer blackwomxn in Post-Apartheid South Africa Supervisor: Prof. Karin Van Marle & Dr, Isolde de Villiers Department: Jurisprudence University: University of Pretoria Degree: Master of Law Keywords: Queer, erasure, blackwomxn. Symbolic erasure, material erasure, epistemicide Summary The research problem is aimed at identifying the various ways in which queer blackwomxn are erased in Post-Apartheid South Africa. The three levels of erasure identified are: epistemic, material and symbolic. The manifestation of these different forms of erasure overlaps and facilitates as unique experience of oppression for queer blackwomxn in Post-Apartheid South Africa. Thus, I explore the unique positioning of queer blackwomxn in Post-Apartheid South Africa by interrogating how race, gender, economic standing and sexual orientation affect the way these bodies experience citizenship and belonging. I use an intersectional approach in answering the questions of how erasure manifests epistemically, materially and symbolically. This approach challenges the singular analysis which ignores how the various identities intersect and create a unique experience of oppression for blackwomxn. Therefore, this approach acknowledges that the different systems of oppression such as racism, patriarchy and heterosexism intersect to create a specific experience for queer blackwomxn. Plagiarism Declaration: Lethabo Mailula 13213319 LLM Dissertation Declaration 1. I understand what plagiarism is and am aware of the University’s policy in this regard.
    [Show full text]
  • Crossroads Film and Television Program List
    Crossroads Film and Television Program List This resource list will help expand your programmatic options for the Crossroads exhibition. Work with your local library, schools, and daycare centers to introduce age-appropriate books that focus on themes featured in the exhibition. Help libraries and bookstores to host book clubs, discussion programs or other learning opportunities, or develop a display with books on the subject. This list is not exhaustive or even all encompassing – it will simply get you started. Rural themes appeared in feature-length films from the beginning of silent movies. The subject matter appealed to audiences, many of whom had relatives or direct experience with life in rural America. Historian Hal Barron explores rural melodrama in “Rural America on the Silent Screen,” Agricultural History 80 (Fall 2006), pp. 383-410. Over the decades, film and television series dramatized, romanticized, sensationalized, and even trivialized rural life, landscapes and experiences. Audiences remained loyal, tuning in to series syndicated on non-network channels. Rural themes still appear in films and series, and treatments of the subject matter range from realistic to sensational. FEATURE LENGTH FILMS The following films are listed alphabetically and by Crossroads exhibit theme. Each film can be a basis for discussions of topics relevant to your state or community. Selected films are those that critics found compelling and that remain accessible. Identity Bridges of Madison County (1995) In rural Iowa in 1965, Italian war-bride Francesca Johnson begins to question her future when National Geographic photographer Robert Kincaid pulls into her farm while her husband and children are away at the state fair, asking for directions to Roseman Bridge.
    [Show full text]
  • Florida Southern College Assessing the Vanishing Lesbian in Book-To
    Florida Southern College Assessing the Vanishing Lesbian in Book-to-Film Adaptations: A Critical Study of Rebecca, Fried Green Tomatoes, and Black Panther Felicia Coursen Thesis Advisor: Dr. Moffitt May 2, 2021 Coursen 2 A Framework for Understanding the Vanishing Lesbian Popular media consistently disregards lesbian voices and identities. The film industry, as a facet of popular media, often neglects to tell lesbian stories. When films do include lesbian characters, the depictions are often problematic and grounded in stereotypes. Literary critic and queer theorist Terry Castle argues the following in her book, The Apparitional Lesbian: Female Homosexuality and Modern Culture: “The lesbian remains a kind of ‘ghost effect’ in the cinema world of modern life: elusive, vaporous, difficult to spot – even when she is there, in plain view, mortal and magnificent, at the center of the screen. Some may even deny she exists at all” (2). Castle explains the “ghost effect” of lesbian characters in cinema, which is better identified as the process of lesbian erasure. Although the two terms are synonymous, “lesbian erasure” provides a more clear-cut verbalization of this process (i.e., there once were lesbian characters, but they are now erased). Lesbian erasure is a direct result of the following: (1) the absence of lesbian characters, (2) the inclusion of only one-dimensional/stereotyped lesbian representation, and/or (3) the use of subversion and subtextualization to hide lesbian characters from audiences. Book-to-film adaptations reveal the ghost effect most clearly. Lesbians in book-to-film adaptations are not only apparitional; they vanish right before the viewers’ eyes.
    [Show full text]
  • 2 Buck Chuck Anton Lebear Bad Eye Lefty* A.M
    2 Buck Chuck Anton LeBear Bad Eye Lefty* A.M. Wiker Any Time Kid Bad Leg John Abbie Rose Apache Bob Bad Leroy Aces & Eights* Appalachian Cowboy Bad Medicine Acky Mace Appalachian Hillbilly Bad to the Bone Adirondack Kid Appaloosa Kid Badlands Ben Adorable Kissable Katie Apple Pie Badwater Bob Aguafrea Kid Arapaho Kid Badwolf Bart Akarate Zach Arctic Annie Bailey Boy Alabama Arizona Bakwudz Alamo Buck Arizona Cactus Kid Bald Eagle Alamo Kid Arizona CoyDog Bam Bam Alamo Red Arizona Desert Rose Bandana Kid Albuquerque Duke Arizona Nate Bandit Alchimista Arizona Ranger Bandito Bob Ali Cat Arizona Shootist Banker Bob Aliby Arizona Thumber Banning Bandit All Over Arkansas Angel Bar Stool Bob Alleluia Ruah Arkansas Blue Eyes Baraboo Thunder Alley Oop Arkansas Josh Barbwire Alonzo Slim Arkansas Muleskinner Barbwire Bill Alotta Lead Arkansas Outlaw Bar-E Alvira Sullivan Earp Arkansas Smokey Bark River Kid Aly Oakley Artful Dodger Barry James Amazing Grace Ashe Bart Star Amboy Kid Aspen Bashful Ambrosia Auburn Angel Basket Weaver Ambush AZ Filly Bass Reeves American Caliber Aztec Annie Bat Masterson American McGee B.A. Bean Counter Ana Oakley B.S. Shooter Bear Angel Lady Baba Looey Beardy Magee Angel of Valhalla Baby Belle Beaver Creek Kid Angry Jonny Baby Blue Bebop Anna Belle Diamond Baby Boulder Beckaroo Annabell Burns Bacall Bee Stinger Annie B. Goode Bad Boy Beer Money Annie James Bad Bud Belle Annie Moose Killer Bad Burro Beller The Kid Annie Oakley Bad Diehl Ben Quicker Annie Wells Bad Eye Burns Ben Rumson Ben Shootin Black Eyed Susan Bonnie Ringo Ben Wayde Black Gold Booger T Benhittin Black Gun Boomer Benny the Bullet Black Gun Stranger Boot Shot Bent Barrel Black Jack Jim Boothill Bandit BFI Black Rock Rick Boothill Belle Big Al Black Rose Boothill Bryce Big Bad John Black Widow Border Ranger Big Bear Blackball Mason Boss Big Bill Blackbook Boss 45 Big D.J.
    [Show full text]
  • An Analysis and Expansion of Queerbaiting in Video Games
    Wilfrid Laurier University Scholars Commons @ Laurier Cultural Analysis and Social Theory Major Research Papers Cultural Analysis and Social Theory 8-2018 Queering Player Agency and Paratexts: An Analysis and Expansion of Queerbaiting in Video Games Jessica Kathryn Needham Wilfrid Laurier University Follow this and additional works at: https://scholars.wlu.ca/cast_mrp Part of the Communication Technology and New Media Commons, Gender and Sexuality Commons, and the Gender, Race, Sexuality, and Ethnicity in Communication Commons Recommended Citation Needham, Jessica Kathryn, "Queering Player Agency and Paratexts: An Analysis and Expansion of Queerbaiting in Video Games" (2018). Cultural Analysis and Social Theory Major Research Papers. 6. https://scholars.wlu.ca/cast_mrp/6 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Cultural Analysis and Social Theory at Scholars Commons @ Laurier. It has been accepted for inclusion in Cultural Analysis and Social Theory Major Research Papers by an authorized administrator of Scholars Commons @ Laurier. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Queering player agency and paratexts: An analysis and expansion of queerbaiting in video games by Jessica Kathryn Needham Honours Rhetoric and Professional Writing, Arts and Business, University of Waterloo, 2016 Major Research Paper Submitted to the M.A. in Cultural Analysis and Social Theory in partial fulfillment of the requirements for Master of Arts Wilfrid Laurier University 2018 © Jessica Kathryn Needham 2018 1 Abstract Queerbaiting refers to the way that consumers are lured in with a queer storyline only to have it taken away, collapse into tragic cliché, or fail to offer affirmative representation. Recent queerbaiting research has focused almost exclusively on television, leaving gaps in the ways queer representation is negotiated in other media forms.
    [Show full text]