Sharing Sounds: Musical Innovation, Collaboration, and Ideological Expression in the Chilean Netlabel Movement by James Ryan Bodiford A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy (Music: Musicology) in the University of Michigan 2017 Dissertation Committee: Associate Professor Christi-Anne Castro, Chair Professor Kelly Askew Professor Charles H. Garrett Assistant Professor Meilu Ho Professor Bruce Mannheim James Ryan Bodiford
[email protected] ORCID iD: 0000-0002-9850-0438 © James Ryan Bodiford 2017 Dedicated to all those musicians who have devoted their work to imagining a better world… ii Table of Contents Dedication ii List of Figures vi Abstract viii Chapter I – Introduction: Sharing Sounds 1 A Shifting Paradigm 10 The Transnational Netlabel Movement and its Chilean Variant 14 Art World Reformation 20 Social Discourse, Collaboration, and Collectivism 23 Experimentalism, Ideology, and Social Movements 29 Methodology 34 Chapter Summaries 36 Chapter II – “This Disc Is Culture”: Mass Media Hegemony and Its Subversion in Chilean Musical Culture, 1965-2000 39 Mass Media Hegemony and the Culture Industry 44 Social Activism and Subversion 58 DICAP, Unidad Popular and the Emergence of Nueva Canción 1965-1973 64 Musical Dissemination Under Dictatorship (1973-1989): Alerce, Clandestine Cassette Distribution 80 Democratic Re-Transition and Post-Dictatorship Transformations in the Chilean Music Industry 1990-2000 96 iii Chapter III – “My Music Is Not A Business”: New Media Transformations