Sre-Psc-73/2021. Promovente: Morena

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Sre-Psc-73/2021. Promovente: Morena PROCEDIMIENTO ESPECIAL SANCIONADOR EXPEDIENTE: SRE-PSC-73/2021. PROMOVENTE: MORENA. INVOLUCRADOS: Partido de la Revolución Democrática y otros. MAGISTRADO EN FUNCIONES: Gustavo César Pale Beristain PROYECTISTA: Georgina Ríos González. COLABORARON: Shiri Jazmyn Araujo Bonilla y Santiago Jesús Chablé Velázquez. Ciudad de México, a veintisiete de mayo de dos mil veintiuno. La Sala Especializada del Tribunal Electoral del Poder Judicial de la Federación1 dicta la siguiente SENTENCIA: ANTECEDENTES I. Proceso electoral federal 2020-2021. 1. El 7 de septiembre de 20202 inició el proceso electoral federal para elegir las diputaciones que integrarán el Congreso de la Unión, cuyas etapas se llevarán a cabo conforme a lo siguiente3: Cargo por Día de la Periodo de precampaña Periodo de campaña elegir elección Diputaciones Del 23 de diciembre de Del 4 de abril al 2 de 6 de junio federales 2020 al 31 de enero junio II. Trámite del Procedimiento Especial Sancionador. 2. 1. Denuncia. El 15 de abril, MORENA presentó queja contra el Partido de la Revolución Democrática4 por calumnia y uso indebido de la pauta, derivado de la difusión en radio y televisión de los promocionales "NAC BUS" (folio RV00775-21)5, "NAC SEXENIO" (folios RV00780-21 y RA00893-21), "NAC MUJERES", (folios 1 En adelante Sala Especializada. 2Todas las fechas se refieren a 2021, salvo referencia en contrario. 3 https://www.ine.mx/voto-y-elecciones/elecciones-2021/eleccion-federal-2021/ 4 En lo subsecuente PRD 5 Este promocional sólo se pautó para su difusión en televisión. 1 SRE-PSC-73/2021 RV00782-21 y RA00894-21) y "NAC ALTO MOR" (folios RV00810-21 y RA00891- 21). 3. Asimismo, denunció el uso indebido de la imagen de personas del servicio público y que los promocionales no permiten la participación equilibrada de los contendientes, con lo que se altera el modelo de comunicación política, por parte de los partidos que integran la coalición “Va por México”6. 4. 2. Registro y admisión. En la misma fecha, la Unidad Técnica de lo Contencioso Electoral7 de la Secretaría Ejecutiva del Instituto Nacional Electoral8 registró el expediente y, entre otros aspectos, admitió la queja por lo que hace a calumnia y uso indebido de la pauta9. 5. 3. Acuerdo de medidas cautelares10. El 16 de abril, la Comisión de Quejas y Denuncias11 del INE decretó la improcedencia de las medidas cautelares porque, bajo la apariencia del buen derecho, el contenido de los spots está amparado en la libertad de expresión, sin que se advierta que su difusión ponga en peligro la equidad en la contienda electoral12. 6. 4. Emplazamiento y audiencia. El 5 de mayo, la UTCE emplazó a las partes a la audiencia de pruebas y alegatos, la cual se llevó a cabo el 11 siguiente. 7. 5. Remisión del expediente. En su oportunidad, la autoridad instructora remitió el expediente y el informe circunstanciado a la Sala Especializada. III. Trámite ante la Sala Especializada. 8. 1. Recepción, turno y radicación del expediente. Cuando llegó el expediente se revisó su integración y el 26 de mayo, el magistrado presidente le dio la clave SRE- PSC-73/2021, lo turnó a la ponencia del magistrado en funciones Gustavo César 6Por acuerdo de 15 de enero de 2021, el Consejo General del Instituto Nacional Electoral aprobó la coalición parcial “Va por México”, para postular 176 fórmulas de candidaturas a diputaciones de mayoría relativa, integrada por los partidos políticos Acción Nacional, Revolucionario Institucional y de la Revolución Democrática, para contender bajo esa modalidad en el proceso electoral federal 2020-2021. Dicho acuerdo fue confirmado por la Sala Superior mediante sentencia dictada en el recurso de apelación SUP-RAP-25/2021. 7 En adelante la UTCE o autoridad instructora. 8 En lo subsecuente INE. 9Procedimiento especial sancionador UT/SCG/PE/MORENA/CG/113/PEF/129/2021. 10 Acuerdo ACQyD-INE-64/2021 11 En lo sucesivo Comisión de Quejas. 12 El 21 de abril del presente año, la Sala Superior de este Tribunal Electoral confirmó esa determinación en la sentencia dictada en el SUP-REP-112/2021. 2 SRE-PSC-73/2021 Pale Beristain, quien, en su oportunidad, lo radicó y procedió a elaborar la sentencia correspondiente. C O N S I D E R A C I O N E S PRIMERA. Facultad para conocer. 9. Esta Sala Especializada es competente (tiene facultad) para resolver el procedimiento especial sancionador13, al tratarse de un asunto que cuestiona el contenido de diversos promocionales pautados por un partido político en radio y televisión, infracción que es del ámbito federal, ya que se relaciona con la administración del tiempo que corresponde al Estado en esos medios de comunicación social14. SEGUNDA. Justificación para resolver en sesión no presencial. 10. La Sala Superior del Tribunal Electoral del Poder Judicial de la Federación15 estableció la resolución no presencial de todos los asuntos por medio del sistema de videoconferencias16, durante la emergencia sanitaria. TERCERA. Causales de improcedencia. 11. Esta Sala Especializada no advierte de oficio la actualización de alguna causa de improcedencia, ni las partes involucradas hicieron valer manifestaciones sobre ello. CUARTA. Delimitación de la materia de análisis. 12. MORENA denunció un posible uso indebido de la pauta, derivado de la difusión de los promocionales "NAC SEXENIO", "NAC MUJERES" y "NAC ALTO MOR" en sus versiones para radio y televisión y del spot "NAC BUS", en su versión de televisión, al no permitir la participación equilibrada en la contienda y al considerar que su contenido podría constituir calumnia en su contra. 13 Con fundamento en los artículos 41, párrafo segundo, base III, apartado A y C, párrafo primero; 99, párrafo cuarto, fracción IX, de la constitución federal; 186, fracción III, inciso h), 192, 195, último párrafo, de la Ley Orgánica del Poder Judicial de la Federación; 470 párrafo 1, inciso a) y 471, párrafo 1, 475 y 476 de la Ley General de Instituciones y Procedimientos Electorales (LGIPE). 14 Jurisprudencias 25/2010 y 25/2015 de rubro “PROPAGANDA ELECTORAL EN RADIO Y TELEVISIÓN. COMPETENCIA DE LAS AUTORIDADES ELECTORALES PARA CONOCER DE LOS PROCEDIMIENTOS SANCIONADORES RESPECTIVOS” y “COMPETENCIA. SISTEMA DE DISTRIBUCIÓN PARA CONOCER, SUSTANCIAR Y RESOLVER PROCEDIMIENTOS SANCIONADORES”, respectivamente. 15 En lo sucesivo Sala Superior. 16Acuerdo General 8/2020, consultable en https://www.dof.gob.mx/nota_detalle.php?codigo=5602447&fecha=13/10/2020 3 SRE-PSC-73/2021 QUINTA. Acusaciones y defensas. 13. MORENA manifestó en sus escritos de denuncia y de comparecencia que los spots pautados por el PRD: Transgreden el modelo de comunicación política, ya que exceden los límites constitucionales y legales de la libertad de expresión, porque contienen manifestaciones falsas, emitidas con el fin de desprestigiarlo. Señalan que MORENA ha engañado al electorado, sin contar con elementos que acrediten esa información. Se hace un evidente llamado a no votar por MORENA, con lo cual se altera el modelo de comunicación política, práctica realizada por PAN, PRI y PRD, que conforman la alianza “Va por México”. Imputan hechos falsos a MORENA. Se emitieron a sabiendas que tienen afirmaciones que son falsas, sin sustento en indicios objetivos, y que solo buscan promover una imagen negativa de MORENA. Utilizan la imagen no autorizada de personas del servicio público. 14. PRD, PAN y PRI se defendieron así: Los spots se encuentran amparados por la libertad de expresión y no se configura la calumnia. En los promocionales no se imputan hechos o delitos falsos a MORENA, pues se trata de una crítica u opinión respecto del desempeño del gobierno emanado de ese instituto político. El hecho de que en los promocionales se aduzcan cuestiones negativas no genera perjuicio a MORENA, pues se encuentra dentro del debate público. SEXTA. Hechos y acreditación. 15. Antes de realizar el estudio de fondo, es necesario verificar los elementos de prueba que se encuentran en el expediente, con la finalidad de acreditar la existencia de los hechos, así como las circunstancias en las que ocurrieron. 4 SRE-PSC-73/2021 Existencia de los promocionales. 16. El PRD pautó los spots "NAC BUS" (folio RV00775-21)17, "NAC SEXENIO" (folios RV00780- 21 y RA00893-21), "NAC MUJERES", (folios RV00782-21 y RA00894-21) y "NAC ALTO MOR" (folios RV00810-21 y RA00891-21) para la etapa de campaña federal, en diversas entidades federativas, del 4 al 21 de abril18. 17. Lo que se corrobora con el reporte total de monitoreo que realizó la Dirección Ejecutiva de Prerrogativas y Partidos Políticos19 y del cual se aprecia que se emitieron 127,500 impactos20: REPORTE DE DETECCIONES POR FECHA Y MATERIAL NAC NAC NAC NAC ALTO FECHA NAC BUS MOR ALTO NAC SEXENIO SEXENIO MUJERES MUJERES MOR TOTAL INICIO RV00775-21 RA00891-21 RA00893-21 RV00780-21 RA00894-21 RV00782-21 RV00810-21 04/04/2021 604 1,160 630 1,249 2,290 630 647 7,210 05/04/2021 536 1,469 610 2,100 1,223 632 697 7,267 06/04/2021 601 1,915 621 1,481 1,417 702 617 7,354 07/04/2021 614 1,517 697 1,295 2,083 627 614 7,447 08/04/2021 648 1,315 597 1,791 1,627 623 654 7,255 09/04/2021 597 1,894 602 1,700 1,287 621 722 7,423 10/04/2021 643 1,518 641 1,308 1,974 651 620 7,355 11/04/2021 590 1,563 700 1,738 1,545 696 651 7,483 12/04/2021 606 1,502 640 1,779 1,501 640 606 7,274 13/04/2021 441 1,549 549 1,271 1,483 644 633 6,570 14/04/2021 633 1,685 643 1,452 1,597 528 686 7,224 15/04/2021 671 1,277 378 1,509 1,516 636 599 6,586 16/04/2021 619 1,503 677 1,638 1,718 603 608 7,366 17/04/2021 636 1,850 616 1,771 1,195 659 629 7,356 18/04/2021 628 1,312 594 1,202 1,559 357 567 6,219 19/04/2021 518 1,328 563 1,498 1,236 640 401 6,184 20/04/2021 643 1,554 598 1,270 1,659 528 587 6,839 21/04/2021 629 1,436 604 1,603 1,613 630 573 7,088 TOTAL 10,857 27,347 10,960 27,655 28,523 11,047 11,111 127,500 GENERAL 18.
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