Phasmida, Phasmatidae, Clitumninae)

Belgian Journal of Entomology 76: 1–11 (2018) ISSN: 2295-0214 www.srbe-kbve.be

urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:34E2ECC5-5E63-45CA-B128-D39CA5D77491

Belgian Journal of Entomology

New synonymy and new records in the stick insect genus Medauromorpha Bresseel & Constant, 2017 (Phasmida, Phasmatidae, Clitumninae)

Jérôme CONSTANT¹ & Joachim BRESSEEL²

1,2 Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, O.D. Phylogeny and Taxonomy, Entomology, Vautier street 29, B-1000 Brussels, Belgium. 1 urn:lsid:zoobank.org:author:6E6072A1-9415-4C8D-8E60-2504444DB290 1 Email: [email protected] 2 urn:lsid:zoobank.org:author:3C4EF358-9716-46F0-8575-26BE1EDE4349 2 Email: [email protected] (corresponding author)

Published: Brussels, October 25, 2018 Citation: CONSTANT J. & BRESSEEL J., 2018. - New synonymy and new records in the stick insect genus Medauromorpha Bresseel & Constant, 2017 (Phasmida, Phasmatidae, Clitumninae). Belgian Journal of Entomology, 76: 1–11.

ISSN: 1374-5514 (Print Edition) ISSN: 2295-0214 (Online Edition)

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Front cover: Medauromorpha foedata (Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1907). Female specimen in nature, Ke Go N.R., 11.VII.2017.

Belgian Journal of Entomology, 76: 1–11 (2018)

New synonymy and new records in the stick insect genus Medauromorpha Bresseel & Constant, 2017

(Phasmida, Phasmatidae, Clitumninae)

Jérôme CONSTANT¹ & Joachim BRESSEEL²

Abstract

Ramulus augustus (Carl, 1913) is proposed as a new junior synonym of Medauromorpha regina (Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1907) and illustrated for the first time from its holotype. New records are given for M. foedata (Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1907) from Pu Mat National Park and Ke Go Nature Reserve, extending the distribution of the species further to the south in Central Vietnam.

Keywords: Phasmatodea, Medaurini, Clitumnini, Vietnam, China, Global Taxonomic Initiative

Introduction

We have recently described the genus Medauromorpha Bresseel & Constant, 2017 in the tribe Medaurini (Phasmatidae: Clitumninae) to include three species from North Vietnam and southern China: M. baviensis Bresseel & Constant, 2017, M. foedata (Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1907) and M. regina (Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1907) (BRESSEEL & CONSTANT, 2017). The identification of specimens of stick insects collected during a recent expedition in the framework of the Global Taxonomic Initiative project “A step further in the entomodiversity of Vietnam”, in July 2017, revealed two new locations for M. foedata that extend the distribution of the species to Central Vietnam. The examination of the female holotype of Ramulus augustus (Carl, 1913) showed that the species is a junior synonym of M. regina. The present paper aims to provide the new records of M. foedata together with an updated distribution map, to illustrate live specimens and eggs of the respective new populations, and to propose R. augustus as a junior synonym of M. regina.

Material and methods

Due to their nocturnal behaviour, like most Phasmida, the specimens of Medauromorpha were collected at night. A light-weight and water-proof Petzl MYO RXP head torch was used during collecting. The females were kept alive in a mesh pop up cage (Exo Terra explorarium™) for producing eggs. The specimens were euthanized by an injection with ethanol, stored in airtight plastic “zip”-bags in wood chips (used in rodent cages) and

CONSTANT J. & BRESSEEL J. Medauromorpha (Phasmatidae, Clitumninae) sprinkled with etylacetate (EtOAc) to prevent rotting, mould and keeping the specimens flexible. The bags were frozen on arrival and the specimens mounted later on.

The photographs of the collection specimen were taken with a Canon 700D camera equipped with a Sigma 50 mm Macro lens, these of the wild specimens with a Sony DSC-H300 camera and these of the eggs with a Leica EZ4W stereo-microscope with an integrated camera, and stacked with CombineZ software. They were optimized with Adobe Photoshop CS3. Observations were done with a Leica MZ8 stereo-microscope. The distribution map was produced with SimpleMappr (SHORTHOUSE, 2010).

Acronyms used for the collections: MHNG = Muséum d’Histoire Naturelle de Genève, Geneva, Switzerland. RBINS = Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, Brussels, Belgium. VNMN = Vietnam National Museum of Nature, Hanoi, Vietnam.

Abbreviations: B.S.: Biological Station N.P.: National Park N.R.: Nature Reserve

Taxonomy

Family Phasmatidae Gray, 1835 Subfamily Clitumninae Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1893 Tribe Medaurini Hennemann & Conle, 2008

Genus Medauromorpha Bresseel & Constant, 2017

Medauromorpha BRESSEEL & CONSTANT, 2017: 5 [described, distribution, key to species, biology]. Type species: Cuniculina regina Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1907 by original designation.

Medauromorpha – HO, 2017: 518 [species from China].

DISTRIBUTION. Currently known from different localities in North and Central Vietnam and from Guangxi Province, southern China (Fig. 4).

Species included

1. Medauromorpha baviensis Bresseel & Constant, 2017 [Vietnam: Ba Vi N.P.]. 2. Medauromorpha foedata (Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1907) [Vietnam: Tam Dao N.P., Cuc Phuong N.P., Tay Yen Tu N.R., Ngoc Son-Ngo Luong N.R., Ba Vi N.P., Mt. Mauson, Pu Mat N.P., Ke Go N.R.; China: Guangxi, Shangsi: Shiwadashan]. 3. Medauromorpha regina (Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1907) [Vietnam: Ba Be N.P., Cham Chu N.P, Tay Yen Tu N.R., Me Linh B.S., Than Moi, Mt. Mauson, Na Hang; China: Longzhou County, Longgang]. = Baculum spinicornum Chen & He, 2000 (BRESSEEL & CONSTANT, 2017). = Ramulus augustus (Carl, 1913) syn. nov.

Belgian Journal of Entomology 76: 1–11 (2018)

Medauromorpha foedata (Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1907) Figs 1–4

Clitumnus foedatus BRUNNER VON WATTENWYL, 1907: 190 [description].

Clitumnus foedatus – GIGLIO-TOS, 1910: 16 [redescription]. Baculum foedatum – BROCK, 1998: 29 [catalogued]. Ramulus foedatus – OTTE & BROCK, 2005: 302 [catalogued]. Medauromorpha foedata – BRESSEEL & CONSTANT, 2017: 15 [keyed], 21 [redescription], figs 1 B; 4–5; 8 B–D; 11–12 [male, female, eggs, nymphs, distribution map]. — HO, 2017: 518 [keyed, first record from China].

MATERIAL EXAMINED

VIETNAM: 12♂♂, 6♀♀: Ha Tinh Province, Ke Go Nature reserve, 18°09’N 105°55’E, 10- 14.VII.2017, GTI project, leg. J. Constant & J. Bresseel, I.G.: 33.498 (RBINS); 4♂♂, 3♀♀: Nge An Province, Pu Mat National Park, 18°59’N 104°40’E, 4-9.VII.2017, night collecting, GTI project, leg. J. Constant & J. Bresseel, I.G.: 33.498 (RBINS) [see BRESSEEL & CONSTANT (2017) for the additional material examined by the authors].

NOTE. The eggs of the populations from Ke Go N.R. (Fig. 3 A–B) and Pu Mat N.P. (Fig. 3 C– D) perfectly match the description given in Bresseel & Constant (2017), confirming the species identification.

DISTRIBUTION. The new records greatly extend the distribution of the species to the south, to Ha Tinh and Nge An provinces in Central Vietnam (Fig. 4).

Medauromorpha regina (Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1907) Fig. 5

Cuniculina regina BRUNNER VON WATTENWYL, 1907: 201 [described]. Cuniculina augusta CARL, 1913: 17 [described, compared with C. regina]. syn. nov. Baculum spinicornum CHEN & HE, 2000: 396 [described (in Chinese)], fig. 3 [male habitus and terminalia illustrated] (synonymised by BRESSEEL & CONSTANT, 2017).

Baculum reginum – HAUSLEITHNER, 1988: 195; fig. 2 I [transferred to Baculum; egg described, illustrated; placed in Baculum hyphereon group]. — BROCK, 1998: 53 [2 female syntypes catalogued; male syntype not traced]. Ramulus reginus – OTTE & BROCK, 2005: 306 [catalogued]. Ramulus spinicornus – OTTE & BROCK, 2005: 307 [transferred to Ramulus, catalogued]. — HENNEMANN et al., 2008: 33 [catalogued from China]. Baculum spinicornum – CHEN & HE, 2008: 269 [described (in Chinese)], fig. 232 [male habitus and terminalia illustrated]. Medauromorpha regina – BRESSEEL & CONSTANT 2017: 15 [keyed], 26 [redescription], figs 1 A; 6–7; 8 E–H; 13 A–C; 14–17 [male, female, eggs, nymphs, distribution map]. — HO, 2017: 518 [keyed]. non Baculum reginum — BROCK, 1998: 53 [typo for B. regulum].

CONSTANT J. & BRESSEEL J. Medauromorpha (Phasmatidae, Clitumninae)

Fig. 1. Medauromorpha foedata (Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1907). Specimens in nature, Ke Go N.R., 11.VII.2017. A, male. B–C, female.

Belgian Journal of Entomology 76: 1–11 (2018)

Fig. 2. Medauromorpha foedata (Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1907). Specimens in nature, Pu Mat N.P., 6.VII.2017. A–B, pair in copula.

CONSTANT J. & BRESSEEL J. Medauromorpha (Phasmatidae, Clitumninae)

Fig. 3. Medauromorpha foedata (Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1907) eggs. A–B, egg from Ke Go N.R. population. A, lateral view. B, dorsal view. C–D, egg from Pu Mat N.P. population. C, lateral view. D, dorsal view.

Fig. 4. Medauromorpha foedata (Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1907). Distribution map.

Belgian Journal of Entomology 76: 1–11 (2018)

Fig. 5. Cuniculina augusta Carl, 1913, holotype ♀ (MHNG). A, habitus, dorsal view. B, habitus, lateral view. C, head and thorax, dorsal view. D, head and thorax, lateral view. E, terminalia, dorsal view. F, terminalia, lateral view. G, labels.

CONSTANT J. & BRESSEEL J. Medauromorpha (Phasmatidae, Clitumninae)

MATERIAL EXAMINED

TYPE MATERIAL. HT ♀ of Cuniculina augusta Carl, 1913 (Fig. 5): Tonkin, Than-Moi, Juni- Juli, H. Fruhstorfer; Cuniculina augusta Carl (MHNG) [see BRESSEEL & CONSTANT (2017) for the additional material examined by the authors].

The female holotype of Cuniculina augusta Carl, 1913 bears the same collection data as the male lectotype of Medauromorpha regina (Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1907) and represents the female of the latter, as described in BRESSEEL & CONSTANT (2017). Hence C. augusta is here proposed as a junior synonym of M. regina.

Discussion

The results presented above extend the distribution of the genus Medauromorpha and notably of M. foedata, about 250 km to the south, confirming the need of further exploration and sampling to build an accurate view of the biodiversity and distribution of the species of Vietnamese stick insects. In the case of the genus Medauromorpha, there are several gaps in the recorded distribution and additional samplings in these yet undocumented areas are necessary to assess the probable continuous distribution of the species of Medauromorpha. However the destruction of their habitat in many locations probably results in a fragmented distribution. The new synonymy illustrates again the necessity of reviewing the status of many species based on their type material, especially these placed in previously rather poorly defined genera like Ramulus Saussure, 1862. Hans Fruhstorfer (1866–1922) was a German collector and insect trader (HORN et al., 1990) who sampled in North and Central Vietnam around 1900. His material was included in several European institutions (e.g. London, Berlin, Paris, Geneva and Brussels) where it was independently studied by different specialists. Hence single species were regularly described more than one time, resulting in a number of synonymies.

Acknowledgments

We thank Dr Hong Thai Pham, Mrs Thi Men Tran, Mr Van Dat Nguyen (VNMN) for all their help and friendship during the collecting trips; Dr John Hollier, Dr Giulio Cuccodoro and Dr Lionel Monod for their king help during the visit at MHNG; Dr Patrick Grootaert, Dr Yves Samyn and Dr Marie-Lucie Susini (RBINS) for their permanent support to our projects in Vietnam; Mr Thies Büsher (Germany) and Mr Royce T. Cumming (U.S.A.) for their valuable comments; the authorities of the national parks in Vietnam for their support. This paper is a result of the project “A step further in the Entomodiversity of Vietnam” supported through a grant issued by the capacity building Programme of the Belgian Global Taxonomic Initiative National Focal Point that runs under the CEBioS programme with financial support from the Belgian Directorate-General for Development Cooperation (DGD).

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