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The Beaver Restoration Guidebook Working with Beaver to Restore Streams, Wetlands, and Floodplains Version 2.01, April 10, 2018 Photo credit: Worth A Dam Foundation (martinezbeavers.org) Prepared by US Fish and Wildlife Service Janine Castro National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Michael Pollock and Chris Jordan University of Saskatchewan Gregory Lewallen US Forest Service Kent Woodruff Funded by North Pacific Landscape Conservation Cooperative Version 2.01. Get the latest version at: https://www.fws.gov/oregonfwo/promo.cfm?id=177175812 i Version 2.01. Get the latest version at: https://www.fws.gov/oregonfwo/promo.cfm?id=177175812 ii Recommended citation: Pollock, M.M., G.M. Lewallen, K. Woodruff, C.E. Jordan and J.M. Castro (Editors) 2018. The Beaver Restoration Guidebook: Working with Beaver to Restore Streams, Wetlands, and Floodplains. Version 2.01. United States Fish and Wildlife Service, Portland, Oregon. 189 pp. Online at: http://www.fws.gov/oregonfwo/ToolsForLandowners/RiverScience/Beaver.asp Version 2.01. Get the latest version at: https://www.fws.gov/oregonfwo/promo.cfm?id=177175812 iii Contents Acknowledgements .................................................................................................................... v About This Guidebook ............................................................................................................ vii Michael M. Pollock, Janine Castro and Gregory Lewallen Section I - Beaver Ecology .......................................................................................................... 1 Chapter 1—Effects of Beaver Dams on Physical and Biological Processes ........................ 2 Gregory Lewallen, Michael M. Pollock, Chris Jordan and Janine Castro Chapter 2—Frequently Asked Questions about Beaver ..................................................... 20 Gregory Lewallen, Janine Castro, Chris Jordan and Michael M. Pollock Chapter 3—Beaver Myth Busters ........................................................................................... 43 Gregory Lewallen Section II - Beaver Restoration and Management ................................................................ 45 Chapter 4—Watershed Planning for Beaver Restoration Projects ..................................... 46 Michael M. Pollock and Kent Woodruff Chapter 5—Relocating Beaver ................................................................................................ 64 Kent Woodruff and Michael M. Pollock Chapter 6—Beaver Dam Analogues (BDAs) ........................................................................ 85 Michael M. Pollock, Nick Weber and Gregory Lewallen Chapter 7— Urban Beaver Population Management ........................................................ 100 Gregory Lewallen, Heidi Perryman, Kaegan Scully-Engelmeyer, Ellen Wohl Chapter 8—Managing Habitat for Beaver ........................................................................... 115 Michael M. Pollock and Gregory Lewallen Chapter 9—Non-lethal Options for Mitigating the Unwanted Effects of Beaver .......... 117 Michael M. Pollock and Gregory Lewallen Chapter 10—Beaver Dam Viability Matrix: A User’s Guide ............................................ 126 Janine Castro Chapter 11—Beaver Restoration Case Studies ................................................................... 132 Gregory Lewallen, Heidi Perryman, Kaegan Scully-Engelmeyer Mark Beardsley, Daniel Armichardy, Scott Jay Bailey, Bob Hassmiller, Sean Bistoff, David Helzer, Kendra Smith, Susan Firor, Janet Hohle, Scott Reid, Jessica Doran, Brad Johnson, Mike Claffey, Matt Weaver, David Kliegman, Julie Ashmore, Lauren Rich and Cathryn Wild Section III – Additional Information and Resources .......................................................... 187 Beaver Resources .................................................................................................................... 187 Acronyms and Abbreviations ............................................................................................... 189 Literature Cited ....................................................................................................................... 190 Appendix A. Plant Species Eaten by North American Beaver ......................................... 211 Appendix B. Subspecies of C. canadensis Considered “Invalid” by ITIS ......................... 218 Version 2.01. Get the latest version at: https://www.fws.gov/oregonfwo/promo.cfm?id=177175812 iv Acknowledgements This guidebook builds on the hard work and dedication of many people and organizations who have recognized the potential of beaver to restore ecosystems. All contributions, insight, and support are gratefully acknowledged. Contact information for some of the organizations we found most helpful, along with additional reading suggestions, are found in the “Additional Resources and Information” section at the end of this guidebook. We have tried to identify, recognize, and fully acknowledge the work and ideas of others, but undoubtedly, there are omissions. If there are statements, facts, figures, or images that are not properly attributed, please let us know and we will make the appropriate corrections on the next version. Please send corrections to Gregory Lewallan at [email protected]. Principle Authors Gregory Lewallen, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada. [email protected]. Michael M. Pollock, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Northwest Fisheries Science Center, Seattle, Washington. [email protected]. Kent Woodruff, United States Forest Service (retired), Winthrop, Washington. [email protected]. Chris Jordan, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Northwest Fisheries Science Center, Corvallis, Oregon. [email protected]. Janine Castro, United States Fish and Wildlife Service & National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Marine Fisheries Service, Portland, Oregon. [email protected]. Editors Michael M. Pollock Gregory Lewallen Janine Castro Technical Editor Ann Sihler Contributors Thanks to the numerous individuals who provided case studies, figures and images, with a special thanks to those who reviewed the document and offered their suggestions and advice. The following is an alphabetical list of contributors to the Beaver Restoration Guidebook. Armichardy, Dan US Forest Service Leary, Ryan The Klamath Tribes Armstrong, Bob www.naturebob.com Lundquist, Kate OAEC Water Institute Beardsley, Mark EcoMetrics, LLC Moore, Kelly Oregon Dept. of Fish and Wildlife Bouwes, Nick Ecological Research O’Brian, Mary Grand Canyon Trust Version 2.01. Get the latest version at: https://www.fws.gov/oregonfwo/promo.cfm?id=177175812 v Brennan, Matthew Clean Water Services Ojala-Barbour Reed The Methow Beaver Project Caldwell, Chuck The Beaver Patrol, Juneau, AK Portugal, Elijah Utah State University Conley, Kimberly US Forest Service Rustay, Michael Snohomish County Public Works Fetherston, Kevin R2 Resource Consultants Slocum, Tom Skagit Conservation District Firor, Susan Terra Graphics Environmental Smith, Karri K.A. Smith Consulting, Inc. Frey, Jennifer K. New Mexico State University Stengle, James B. Certified Wildlife Biologist (retired) Gilgert, Wendell Point Blue Conservation Sci. Stockard, Torre The Methow Beaver Project Hocker, Katherine SE Alaska Sketchbook Vickerman, Sara Defenders of Wildlife Hartman, Heidi Oregon Dept. of State Lands White, Seth Columbia River Inter-Tribal Fish Comm. Hemphill, Nina US Forest Service Willson, Mary, The Beaver Patrol, Juneau, AK Hoehne, Suzanne Biohabitats.com, Ohio River Weber, Nick Ecological Research Contributors to Beaver Restoration Case Studies Armichardy, Dan US Forest Service Helzer, David City of Portland Environ. Services Beardsley, Mark EcoMetrics, LLC Hohle, Janet Idaho Office of Species Conservation Ashmore, Julie Okanogan Highlands Alliance Johnson, Brad Johnson Environ. Consulting Bailey, Scott Jay Tillamook Esturary Partnership Kliegman, David Okanogan Highlands Alliance Bistoff, Sean City of Portland Environ. Services Reid, Scott The Town of Breckenridge Claffey, Mike Claffey Ecological Consulting, Inc. Rich, Lauren Upper Skagit Indian Tribe Doran, Jessica Ecomentrics Smith, Kendra Bonneville Environ. Foundation Firor, Susan Terra Graphics Environ. Engineering Weaver, Matt Five Rivers, Inc. Hassmiller, Bob US Forest Service Wild Cathryn Seventh Generation Institute Funding Provided By: The North Pacific Landscape Conservation Cooperative US Fish and Wildlife Service National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration US Forest Service Finally, many thanks to all the participants that attended and provided feedback at the Beaver Restoration Workshops held in Oregon, Washington, California and Alaska, and to the invited speakers, Melissa Babik of the Mid-Columbia Fisheries Enhancement Group, Shelly Blair, California Department of Fish and Wildlife, Mark Cookson, US Fish and Wildlife Service, William Meyer, Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife, Thomas Stahl, Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife and Charlie Corrarino (retired), Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. Also, many thanks to Brian Turner, Mary Anne Schmidt and Patrick Edwards of Portland State University, Environmental Professionals Program, for helping to organize those workshops. Version 2.01. Get the latest version at: https://www.fws.gov/oregonfwo/promo.cfm?id=177175812 vi About This Guidebook Michael M. Pollock, Janine Castro and Gregory Lewallen Beaver as a Partner in Restoration
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