DOCSLIB.ORG

Eurasian Beaver (Castor Fiber)

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Eurasian Beaver (Castor Fiber) See discussions, stats, and author profiles for this publication at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/349031376 Eurasian beaver (Castor fiber) health surveillance in Britain: Assessing a disjunctive reintroduced population Article in The Veterinary record · February 2021 DOI: 10.1002/vetr.84 CITATIONS READS 0 29 12 authors, including: Róisín Campbell-Palmer Frank Rosell Self-employed University of South-Eastern Norway 52 PUBLICATIONS 326 CITATIONS 182 PUBLICATIONS 3,529 CITATIONS SEE PROFILE SEE PROFILE Adam Naylor Georgina Cole Royal Zoological Society of Scotland (RZSS) Royal Zoological Society of Scotland (RZSS) 16 PUBLICATIONS 16 CITATIONS 13 PUBLICATIONS 87 CITATIONS SEE PROFILE SEE PROFILE Some of the authors of this publication are also working on these related projects: BVR Project - Beavers.Voyageurs.Research. View project Species Action Framework View project All content following this page was uploaded by Frank Rosell on 11 February 2021. The user has requested enhancement of the downloaded file. Received: 28 April 2020 Revised: 20 December 2020 Accepted: 10 January 2021 DOI: 10.1002/vetr.84 ORIGINAL RESEARCH Eurasian beaver (Castor fiber) health surveillance in Britain: Assessing a disjunctive reintroduced population Róisín Campbell-Palmer1 Frank Rosell2 Adam Naylor3 Georgina Cole3 Stephanie Mota3 Donna Brown3 Mary Fraser4 Romain Pizzi3 Mark Elliott5 Kelsey Wilson6 Martin Gaywood7 Simon Girling3 1 Independent Consultant, Edinburgh, UK Abstract 2 Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Department of Background: Numerous translocations of Eurasian beavers have occurred Environmental Health Studies, University of with little implementation of standardised health screening. Pre-release Southeast Norway, Bø, Norway health screening enables the selection of individuals with the best survival 3 Veterinary Department, Royal Zoological prospects and reduces potential health risks, but this is by-passed during Society of Scotland, Scotland, UK unofficial releases. Beaver reintroduction to Britain has been haphazard and 4 G&F Academy, Perthshire, UK currently disjunctive populations of varying status exist. 5 Devon Wildlife Trust, Exeter, UK Methods: This observational cross section study investigated the health sta- 6 Independent Consultant, Kinloch Rannoch, tus of three beaver populations, with 90 live beavers tested for a range of UK pathogens comprising 56 from Tayside (unofficially released Scotland), nine 7 NatureScot, Great Glen House, Inverness, from Knapdale (officially released Scotland) and 25 from Devon (unofficially UK released England). In addition, a further 32 cadavers were screened (25 from Tayside and seven from Knapdale). Correspondence R. Campbell-Palmer, Independent Consul- Results: All beavers were in good physical condition, did not harbour any tant, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK. non-native disease or parasites of concern and demonstrated remarkably low Email: [email protected] levels of any disease or parasite exposure. Conclusion: Beavers are establishing and adapting well to British landscapes and are not acting as reservoirs of significant zoonotic diseases. Official, licensed reintroduction programmes may appear overly convoluted; how- ever, reputational damage of unofficial releases should be considered, along with the health and welfare of the animals involved and collateral damage to other wildlife, domestic animals and humans. KEYWORDS beaver, reintroduction, retrospective survey, wildlife disease INTRODUCTION England7 and Eurasian beaver in Belgium8). In unplanned or unauthorised reintroductions, or those The importance of animal health in conservation pro- founded through escapes, baseline data (on the ani- grammes is increasingly recognised as the success mals involved or ecological baselines on which they of any translocation or reintroduction can be signifi- may impact) are lacking and so can present sig- cantly affected by disease. Despite this, the implemen- nificant issues when attempting to assess either tation and development of pre-reintroduction (e.g. the suitability of founders or their environmental robust disease risk analysis) and post-release (e.g. impacts. wildlife surveillance programmes) veterinary health Unofficial releases and potential escapees by-pass programmes tend to receive less investment com- medical health assessments. In the normal course pared to other project aspects.1 Although success- of events, pre-release health screening is essential ful projects are well documented, many conserva- to enable the selection of individuals with the best tion reintroductions have failed (defined as lack of survival prospects and reduce potential health risks self-sustaining population establishment and/or fail- associated with any conservation translocation.9 ure to meet conservation objectives) for a variety Along with the prevention of disease and parasite of reasons.2–6 Species reintroductions have occurred introduction at release sites, pre-release health checks through uncoordinated releases or escapes from ensure that any individual potentially unlikely to captive collections (e.g. wild boar, Sus scrofa,in survive or to experience welfare challenges on release, Vet Rec. 2021;e84. wileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/vetr © 2021 British Veterinary Association 1of9 https://doi.org/10.1002/vetr.84 2of9 Veterinary Record is identified.10 Unofficial releases should still be animals.17,18 Outside of this official trial, a significant assessed, health-wise, to determine whether they population (∼114 active territories19) of wild-living are coping with their release habitat and to assess beavers is also resident throughout the River Tay and whether they are carriers for significant pathogens Earn catchment, Perthshire, east Scotland (referred to for other animals and humans. The establishment of in this publication as ‘Tayside’). baseline species-specific health parameters and rou- Two families of breeding beavers were reported on tine analyses of diagnostic samples allows informed the River Otter, Devon, in February 2014 (referred to decision-making and improvement in animal health in this publication as ‘Devon’). After a successful pub- and welfare.11 lic campaign to see them remain in place, Natural The range of pathogens that can be harboured by England granted a 5-year licence to Devon Wildlife the Eurasian beaver has been previously reviewed Trust in 2015. The River Otter Beaver Trial is a sci- along with pre-release health screening recommenda- entifically monitored trial reintroduction of Eurasian tions for beaver importation to Scotland.10,20 Beavers beavers and will conclude in March 2020. The Tay- can carry host-specific parasites that were previously side and Devon populations have established outside present in Britain, but which died out with their of statutory procedures, through unlicensed releases demise, which include the beaver beetle Platypsyllus and/or accidental escapees, therefore not subject to castoris, a stomach nematode Travassosius rufus and IUCN reintroduction guidelines and formal disease a specialised trematode or intestinal fluke Stichorchis risk analysis.20 Therefore, they are of unknown ori- subtriquetrus. These species have now all been gin and health status with no baseline data collected recorded in wild beavers in Scotland.10,21,22 Other par- on the originally released individuals. The aim of asites such as Giardia spp. and Cryptosporidium spp. this study is to determine health status in free living are already present in British wildlife and domestic beavers in Britain. animals , therefore it is likely that beavers may also The data presented in this paper help to further our act as carriers. Like all other rodents, beavers may understanding of the potential disease risk of Eurasian harbour common European rodent pathogens.10,20 beaver reintroduction to Britain. For any beavers of unknown origin, the presence of Echinococcus multilocularis and Francisella tularensis (the causative agent of tularaemia) would be of con- METHODS cern as these are notifiable diseases under EU law, significant zoonoses, not currently present in the UK Following the Strobe guidelines,26 an observational and have been reported in Eurasian beavers in con- cross section study was undertaken. Data were exam- tinental Europe.20,23,24 Other significant diseases and ined from that collected from 2013 to 2019 in Tay- parasites associated with beaver reintroduction (i.e. side, Knapdale and Devon populations. A convenience those which are Notifiable under EU Animal Health sampling method was taken as detailed below. legislation and/or are likely to result in significant dis- ease to domestic animals and humans) according to DEFRA (the UK Government’s Department for Envi- Study areas ronment, Food and Rural Affairs) are considered to be Cryptosporidium spp., Giardia spp., Leptospira spp., The ‘Tayside’ beavers include those found within Mycobacterium bovis (bovine mycobacteriosis) and the River Tay and Earn catchment that covers over Salmonella spp., which is supported by a recent peer- 5000 km2 (main River Tay ∼193 km long), rising at Ben reviewed Eurasian beaver disease risk assessment.20 Lui, in Argyll, west Scotland, flowing into the North Sea Comparison of blood parameters measuring haema- at the Firth of Tay, Dundee, east Scotland.27 The main tological and biochemical values for healthy beavers land-use in the lowland part of the catchment area is can also be valuable in assessing health status prior intensive agriculture. Although unverified,28 beavers and after release.25 From a health and
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Scotland Vacation
    WALKINGWALKING HOLIDAYHOLIDAY ININ SCOTLANDSCOTLAND An East-West Traverse fromfrom thethe HighlandsHighlands toto thethe IslandsIslands In what may seem like an empty wilderness to the fi rst-time visitor, life is rich and abundant in Scotland, the largest wilderness area re- “The Grand Dame” of Women’s maining in the U.K. and in Europe. Storm-wrapped mountains, ver- Adventure Travel Since 1982 dant stone-walled hills, unspoiled sand beaches, highlands bathed 2014 ~ Celebrating 32 Years! in northern light, wild and vast wind-swept lochs, fuschia heather DATES on a balmy afternoon.....this is Scotland, the world’s undiscovered June 20 - 29, 2014 secret. Dramatic, wild, and curiously unknown, it is also the home COST of a fi ercely independent people, the Scots. $4,295 from Edinburgh, Scotland ($800 deposit) For AdventureWomen’s fi fth trip to this fascinating destination RATING and our 2014 Walking Holiday in Scotland, we have gathered the Moderate perfect combination of activities: hiking and exploring the diverse landscapes of Scotland (some of which are accessible only by ACTIVITIES Hiking, Walking, Cultural Exploration, Sight- water); enjoying the company of a knowledgeable, Scottish natu- seeing, Natural History, Boat Rides, Wildlife ralist-guide; experiencing fi rst-hand the history and culture of the Excursions, Photography, Whiskey Tasting self-reliant Scots; and even tasting the “water of life,” Scotland’s term for their fi nest whiskey! MAIN ATTRACTIONS • Explore three of Scotland’s distinct Our walking holiday hikes take us on an exploration of three of Scot- regions: Central Perthshire, the land’s distinct regions: Central Perthshire, the Western Highlands, Western Highlands, and the Inner Hebrides islands.
    [Show full text]
  • The River Tay - Its Silvery Waters Forever Linked to the Picts and Scots of Clan Macnaughton
    THE RIVER TAY - ITS SILVERY WATERS FOREVER LINKED TO THE PICTS AND SCOTS OF CLAN MACNAUGHTON By James Macnaughton On a fine spring day back in the 1980’s three figures trudged steadily up the long climb from Glen Lochy towards their goal, the majestic peak of Ben Lui (3,708 ft.) The final arête, still deep in snow, became much more interesting as it narrowed with an overhanging cornice. Far below to the West could be seen the former Clan Macnaughton lands of Glen Fyne and Glen Shira and the two big Lochs - Fyne and Awe, the sites of Fraoch Eilean and Dunderave Castle. Pointing this out, James the father commented to his teenage sons Patrick and James, that maybe as they got older the history of the Clan would interest them as much as it did him. He told them that the land to the West was called Dalriada in ancient times, the Kingdom settled by the Scots from Ireland around 500AD, and that stretching to the East, beyond the impressively precipitous Eastern corrie of Ben Lui, was Breadalbane - or upland of Alba - part of the home of the Picts, four of whose Kings had been called Nechtan, and thus were our ancestors as Sons of Nechtan (Macnaughton). Although admiring the spectacular views, the lads were much more keen to reach the summit cairn and to stop for a sandwich and some hot coffee. Keeping his thoughts to himself to avoid boring the youngsters, and smiling as they yelled “Fraoch Eilean”! while hurtling down the scree slopes (at least they remembered something of the Clan history!), Macnaughton senior gazed down to the source of the mighty River Tay, Scotland’s biggest river, and, as he descended the mountain at a more measured pace than his sons, his thoughts turned to a consideration of the massive influence this ancient river must have had on all those who travelled along it or lived beside it over the millennia.
    [Show full text]
  • January 2021 Newsletter
    Scottish Heritage USA NEWSLETTER JANUARY 2021 Vikings leading the Hogmanay Torchlight Parade, Edinburgh ISSUE #1-2021 HAPPY NEW YEAR & HAPPY HOGMANAY! H OGMANAY may be Scotland’s New Year celebration, but it lasts three to five days with unusual, weird and wild H traditions. It starts on Christmas with the Edinburgh Torchlight Parade and is all downhill from there! Look to Scotland to find the best, most spectacular fire festivals in the UK. Combine the primitive impulse to light up the long nights (the ancient idea that fire purifies and chases away evil spirits) and the natural Scottish impulse to party to the wee small hours and you end up with some of the most dazzling and daring midwinter celebrations in Europe. At one time, most Scottish towns celebrated the New Year with huge bonfires and torchlight processions. Many have disappeared, but those that are left are real Site where the horde was found humdingers. Here are the five of the best winter fire festivals in Scotland: STONEHAVEN FIRE FESTIVAL: Strong Scots dare-devils parade through the town on New Year's Eve swinging 16-pound balls of fire around themselves and over their heads. Each "swinger" has his or her own secret recipe for creating the fireball and keeping it lit. Thousands come to watch this famous event on the North Sea, south of Aberdeen. It all gets underway before midnight with bands of pipers and wild drumming. Then a lone piper, playing Scotland the Brave, leads the pipers into town. At the stroke of midnight, they raise their flaming balls over their heads and begin to swing and twirl them, showering the street, themselves and usually the 12,000 strong crowd, with sparks.
    [Show full text]
  • Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections
    SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOLUME 104, NUMBER 7 THE FEEDING APPARATUS OF BITING AND SUCKING INSECTS AFFECTING MAN AND ANIMALS BY R. E. SNODGRASS Bureau of Entomology and Plant Quarantine Agricultural Research Administration U. S. Department of Agriculture (Publication 3773) CITY OF WASHINGTON PUBLISHED BY THE SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION OCTOBER 24, 1944 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOLUME 104, NUMBER 7 THE FEEDING APPARATUS OF BITING AND SUCKING INSECTS AFFECTING MAN AND ANIMALS BY R. E. SNODGRASS Bureau of Entomology and Plant Quarantine Agricultural Research Administration U. S. Department of Agriculture P£R\ (Publication 3773) CITY OF WASHINGTON PUBLISHED BY THE SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION OCTOBER 24, 1944 BALTIMORE, MO., U. S. A. THE FEEDING APPARATUS OF BITING AND SUCKING INSECTS AFFECTING MAN AND ANIMALS By R. E. SNODGRASS Bureau of Entomology and Plant Quarantine, Agricultural Research Administration, U. S. Department of Agriculture CONTENTS Page Introduction 2 I. The cockroach. Order Orthoptera 3 The head and the organs of ingestion 4 General structure of the head and mouth parts 4 The labrum 7 The mandibles 8 The maxillae 10 The labium 13 The hypopharynx 14 The preoral food cavity 17 The mechanism of ingestion 18 The alimentary canal 19 II. The biting lice and booklice. Orders Mallophaga and Corrodentia. 21 III. The elephant louse 30 IV. The sucking lice. Order Anoplura 31 V. The flies. Order Diptera 36 Mosquitoes. Family Culicidae 37 Sand flies. Family Psychodidae 50 Biting midges. Family Heleidae 54 Black flies. Family Simuliidae 56 Net-winged midges. Family Blepharoceratidae 61 Horse flies. Family Tabanidae 61 Snipe flies. Family Rhagionidae 64 Robber flies. Family Asilidae 66 Special features of the Cyclorrhapha 68 Eye gnats.
    [Show full text]
  • Guidance for All Water Users
    Using Inland Water Responsibly: Guidance for All Water Users Developed in Partnership with This guidance was developed with nancial support from Scottish Natural Heritage This document has been endorsed by the following organisations: The Association of Salmon Fishery Boards Atlantic Salmon Trust The British Association for Shooting and Conservation British Waterways Scotland Royal Yachting Association Scottish Advisory Panel for Outdoor Education Scottish Anglers National Association Scottish Rowing sportscotland Contents Introduction Section1 - Legislative context Part 1 Land Reform (Scotland) Act 2003 Scottish Outdoor Access Code Rights of Navigation Section 2 - Inland Water Use Types of recreational activities Types of angling activities Informal Camping (as part of a paddling or angling trip) Glossary of terms Fishing, stalking and shooting seasons Section 3 - Sharing the Water General considerations on land and water Face to face communication Communication through signage Section 4 - Considerations for larger groups/intensive use Enhanced communication and co-operative working Provision of facilities Local agreements Users’ groups Section 5 - Indigenous species (and threats to them) The Atlantic Salmon Gyrodactlylus salaris North American Signal Crayfish Other biosecurity considerations Section 6 - Useful Contacts Appendix 1: Shooting and Stalking Seasons Using Inland Water Responsibly: Guidance for all water users 1 Introduction This Guidance is intended to assist all water users to share inland water in Scotland in such a way
    [Show full text]
  • The Earldom of Ross, 1215-1517
    Cochran-Yu, David Kyle (2016) A keystone of contention: the Earldom of Ross, 1215-1517. PhD thesis. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/7242/ Copyright and moral rights for this thesis are retained by the author A copy can be downloaded for personal non-commercial research or study This thesis cannot be reproduced or quoted extensively from without first obtaining permission in writing from the Author The content must not be changed in any way or sold commercially in any format or medium without the formal permission of the Author When referring to this work, full bibliographic details including the author, title, awarding institution and date of the thesis must be given Glasgow Theses Service http://theses.gla.ac.uk/ [email protected] A Keystone of Contention: the Earldom of Ross, 1215-1517 David Kyle Cochran-Yu B.S M.Litt Submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the Degree of Ph.D. School of Humanities College of Arts University of Glasgow September 2015 © David Kyle Cochran-Yu September 2015 2 Abstract The earldom of Ross was a dominant force in medieval Scotland. This was primarily due to its strategic importance as the northern gateway into the Hebrides to the west, and Caithness and Sutherland to the north. The power derived from the earldom’s strategic situation was enhanced by the status of its earls. From 1215 to 1372 the earldom was ruled by an uninterrupted MacTaggart comital dynasty which was able to capitalise on this longevity to establish itself as an indispensable authority in Scotland north of the Forth.
    [Show full text]
  • Ultimate Scottish Quiz So, You Think You Know Scotland?
    Ultimate Scottish quiz So, you think you know Scotland? From Castles to Celebrities put your knowledge to the test! Find the answers further down the page. Question 1 Question 2 A ‘Munro’ is the name for a Scottish mountain Where did President Eisenhower of the above which height? United States have a residence in Scotland? 1,000 feet Culzean Castle, Ayrshire 2,000 feet Glamis Castle, Angus 3,000 feet Holyrood Palace, Edinburgh 4,000 feet Edinburgh Castle Question 3 Question 4 The Gaelic for whisky is Uisge Beatha. What is its Where do the smoked haddock known as literal meaning? ‘smokies’ come from? Spirit of Scotland Aberdeen Heart-warming liquid Oban Good Health Arbroath Water of Life Peterhead Question 5 Question 6 Which famous US novel based its title from a poem Roughly, how many golf courses does Scotland have? by Robert Burns? 250 ‘Catcher in the Rye’ by J.D. Salinger 350 ‘Catch 22’ by Joseph Heller 450 ‘One Flew Over the Cuckoo’s Nest’ by Ken Kesey 550 ‘The Grapes of Wrath’ by John Steinbeck Question 7 Question 8 This castle is said to be one of Scotland’s most In the Scots language what does it mean haunted. What is it? to ‘haver’? Fyvie Castle near Aberdeen Talk profoundly Glamis Castle in Angus To boast Brodick Castle on the Isle of Arran Brood in silence Eilean Donan Castle in the Scottish Highlands Talk nonsense Question 9 Question 10 Gerard Butler is one of Scotland’s most successful The first ever Scotland football team was made up actors, but what did he originally train to become? entirely of players from which club?
    [Show full text]
  • Hutton S Geological Tours 1
    Science & Education James Hutton's Geological Tours of Scotland: Romanticism, Literary Strategies, and the Scientific Quest --Manuscript Draft-- Manuscript Number: Full Title: James Hutton's Geological Tours of Scotland: Romanticism, Literary Strategies, and the Scientific Quest Article Type: Research Article Keywords: James Hutton; geology; literature; Romanticism; travel writing; Scotland; landscape. Corresponding Author: Tom Furniss University of Strathclyde Glasgow, UNITED KINGDOM Corresponding Author Secondary Information: Corresponding Author's Institution: University of Strathclyde Corresponding Author's Secondary Institution: First Author: Tom Furniss First Author Secondary Information: All Authors: Tom Furniss All Authors Secondary Information: Abstract: Rather than focussing on the relationship between science and literature, this article attempts to read scientific writing as literature. It explores a somewhat neglected element of the story of the emergence of geology in the late eighteenth century - James Hutton's unpublished accounts of the tours of Scotland that he undertook in the years 1785 to 1788 in search of empirical evidence for his theory of the earth. Attention to Hutton's use of literary techniques and conventions highlights the ways these texts dramatise the journey of scientific discovery and allow Hutton's readers to imagine that they were virtual participants in the geological quest, conducted by a savant whose self-fashioning made him a reliable guide through Scotland's geomorphology and the landscapes of
    [Show full text]
  • The Journal of the Scottish Ornithologists' Club
    ISSN 0036·9144 THE JOURNAL OF THE SCOTTISH ORNITHOLOGISTS' CLUB Vot 11 No. 7 AUTUMN 1981 BOOI(S on Binocular BIRDS Repairs and ISLANDS you a cross-eyed birdwatch- ARE St Kilda, Orkney, Shetland, er? Even with careful use, Hebrides and Natural History binoculars can become mis-aligned especially Ornithology over a period. We offer a special service of cleaning and re-align­ ment at the prices listed below for Books and libraries bought. Collection can usually be any make or size of hand-held arranged during my visits binocular. RSPB and SOC members to Scotland and the High- (please state you are a member) lands and Islands. £11.85 including p and p and VAT. Non-members £13.80. A full repair service is also available. Send to: Service Dept. Charles Frank Ltd, DAVID WILSON PO Box 5, Saxmundham, Suffolk 95 Worlds End Lane IP17 2NL. Weston Turville Aylesbury, Bucks. (St oke MandevUle 2247) CENTRALLY HEATED ISLE OF MULL FULLY MODERNISED SELF CATERING STAFFA COTTAGES HOLIDAY COTTAGES GUEST HOUSE to let In GALLOWAY TOBERMORY Caldow Lodge, Corsock, Castle-Douglas, Get away from it all . Kirkcudbrightshire, beautiful scenery, good bird­ Scotland, DG7 3EB. ing and comfortable accom­ Tel. Corsock 286. modation at Staffa Cottages. Proprietors, Norman and Anthea Gray Quiet situation looking across the Sound of Mull to Morvern. Amidst Moor, Marsh, Forest SAE for colour brochure. and Lochs, glorious country­ side. Birdwatchers' paradise. Proprietors : Off Season Lets. Richard & Elizabeth Coomber Please send for brochure, stamp appreciated. Tobermory (0688) 2464 Third Edition Publication 27th July 1981 FLIGHT IDENTIFICATION OF EUROPEAN RAPTORS by R.
    [Show full text]
  • SB-4207-January-NA.Pdf
    Scottishthethethethe www.scottishbanner.com Banner 37 Years StrongScottishScottishScottish - 1976-2013 Banner A’BannerBanner Bhratach Albannach 42 Volume 36 Number 11 The world’s largest international Scottish newspaper May 2013 Years Strong - 1976-2018 www.scottishbanner.com A’ Bhratach Albannach Volume 36 Number 11 The world’s largest international Scottish newspaper May 2013 VolumeVolumeVolume 42 36 36 NumberNumber Number 711 11 TheThe The world’s world’s world’s largest largest largest international international international ScottishScottish Scottish newspaper newspaper May January May 2013 2013 2019 Up Helly Aa Lighting up Shetland’s dark winter with Viking fun » Pg 16 2019 - A Year in Piping » Pg 19 US Barcodes A Literary Inn ............................ » Pg 8 The Bards Discover Scotland’s Starry Nights ................................ » Pg 9 Scotland: What’s New for 2019 ............................. » Pg 12 Family 7 25286 844598 0 1 The Immortal Memory ........ » Pg 29 » Pg 25 7 25286 844598 0 9 7 25286 844598 0 3 7 25286 844598 1 1 7 25286 844598 1 2 THE SCOTTISH BANNER Volume 42 - Number 7 Scottishthe Banner The Banner Says… Volume 36 Number 11 The world’s largest international Scottish newspaper May 2013 Publisher Offices of publication Valerie Cairney Australasian Office: PO Box 6202 Editor Marrickville South, Starting the year Sean Cairney NSW, 2204 Tel:(02) 9559-6348 EDITORIAL STAFF Jim Stoddart [email protected] Ron Dempsey, FSA Scot The National Piping Centre North American Office: off Scottish style PO Box 6880 David McVey Cathedral you were a Doonie, with From Scotland to the world, Burns Angus Whitson Hudson, FL 34674 Lady Fiona MacGregor [email protected] Uppies being those born to the south, Suppers will celebrate this great Eric Bryan or you play on the side that your literary figure from Africa to America.
    [Show full text]
  • Beaver Management Technical Paper #3 Beaver Life History and Ecology Best Science Review
    Beaver Management Technical Paper #3 Beaver Life History and Ecology Best Science Review April 2020 Alternate Formats Available Beaver Management Technical Paper #3 Beaver Life History and Ecology Best Science Review Submitted by: Jen Vanderhoof King County Water and Land Resources Division Department of Natural Resources and Parks Beaver Life History and Ecology Best Science Review Acknowledgements Extensive review and comments were provided by Bailey Keeler on the “Diet” and “Territoriality & Scent Mounds” sections, and she wrote a portion of the “Predation” section. Review and comments were provided by Bailey Keeler, Brandon Duncan, Matt MacDonald, and Kate O’Laughlin of King County. Dawn Duddleson, librarian for Water and Land Resources Division, obtained the majority of the papers cited in this report. Tom Ventur provided technical support and formatting for this document. Citation King County. 2020. Beaver management technical paper #3: beaver life history and ecology best science review. Prepared by Jen Vanderhoof, Water and Land Resources Division. Seattle, Washington. King County Science and Technical Support Section i April 2020 Beaver Life History and Ecology Best Science Review Table of Contents 1.0 Introduction .....................................................................................................................1 2.0 Beaver Populations .........................................................................................................3 2.1 History .........................................................................................................................3
    [Show full text]
  • Ectoparasitic Insects Genera of Veterinary Importance and Some Aspects of Their Control
    American Journal of Economics, Finance and Management Vol. 4, No. 4, 2018, pp. 116-123 http://www.aiscience.org/journal/ajefm ISSN: 2381-6864 (Print); ISSN: 2381-6902 (Online) Ectoparasitic Insects Genera of Veterinary Importance and Some Aspects of Their Control Muhammad Sarwar 1, *, Arfa Rauf 2 1National Institute for Biotechnology & Genetic Engineering (NIBGE) , Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan 2Allied Hospital- Punjab Medical College, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan Abstract Agricultural animals (those used for production of food and fibre- livestock) and companion animals (pets such as dogs and cats) may be affected by arthropod pests. Insects as veterinary ectoparasites have a significant impact on the health, wellbeing and productivity of their animal vertebrate hosts. These impacts can be either direct, through tissue damage and blood loss, or indirect, through their role as vectors of viral, bacterial, protozoa and helminth pathogens. A second category of indirect effects are those that result from the alteration of host behaviour induced by arthropod attack and blood-feeding activity. So, the present article aims to contribute fundamental scientific knowledge in the areas of insects as veterinary ectoparasites and also the processes ensuring to the public for underlying the protection from biting and diseases borne. The insect ectoparasites include flies (Diptera), lice (Mallophaga), fleas (Siphonaptera) and bugs (Hemiptera). These insects have a profound impact on the health of animals by causing annoyance, inflicting bites and stings, and transmitting of diseases. Animals can be greatly annoyed by the presence and activity of certain insects. For example, cattle will bunch up and put their lowered heads together to seek relief when fly strike is severe; scratching may be symptoms of fleas or lice; and head shaking may indicate the presence of insects in ear.
    [Show full text]