Dawoodi bohra calendar 1440 pdf

Continue Palo Alto ads open its doors to people of all faiths - San Jose Mercury News - On Tuesday, about two dozen Moldaw residents walk and bussed over to the community, where the world of was quietly revealed by a two-man welcoming committee that gave lectures, laughed and answered all sorts of questions. Topics ranged from prayer practices and women's rights to the atrocious politics of extreme Islamic terrorism. We strongly and unequivocally condemn these atrocities in the harshest terms - the savagery that has been committed, said Zoaib Rangwala, community secretary who said terrorists are not representatives of Islam. Syedna Saifuddin received an honorary degree from DLitt - Journal - DAWN.COM - Syedna , spiritual leader of the Dawoodi Bohra community, received an honorary degree from DLitt (Doctor of Letters) from the University of to Governor House on Tuesday. Bohra Community Leader received an honorary degree - The Express Tribune - Ameer Syedna Mufaddal Saiduddin, community leader Dawoodi Bohra, received an honorary doctorate in literature by Governor Ishratul Ebad on Tuesday community kitchen gives Bohra women more freedom Jaipur NYOOOZ - No one in the Shiite Muslim community Dawoodi Bohra in Kota goes to bed hungry. Thanks to community cooking, a concept launched by the late religious leader of the community more than four years ago. Principal orders 40 students to stand in the sun for seven hours NYOOOZ - A majority of the students who would have been punished, belong to the Community Dawoodi Bohra, and did not report to the school on July 9 because of Laylat al-Qadr, or the Night of Power, which holds much importance to Muslims as the blessed night, and is considered the most auspicious time to pray for forgiveness. Al-Fateha - I started the city of Brass in March 2002 at Blogspot, and moved to Beliefnet in August 2008. More than a thousand posts and a million page views later, it's time to end this chapter and start a new one. However, I'm not technically going anywhere - Beliefnet recently acquired Patheos, where I'm going... The post Al-Fateha first appeared on the city of Brass. Arbaeen Diary, 1439 - My friend Taha Raja has just completed Arbaeen, a 53-mile walk from Najaf to in Iraq, a pilgrimage for the remembrance of Imam Husain's sacrifice for Islam and humanity. Inchallah I will soon participate, but in the meantime I had the privilege to share in Taha's journey, as he posted updates during the ... The post Arbaeen Diary, 1439 first appeared on the city of Brass. Arbaeen, Day 3 - It's guest position by Taha M. Raja. Third in a series; See Arbaeen Day 2 for the previous entry. After 1278. near the right turn to go to downtown Kerbala. Resting with an Iranian tea which is a light blend of black tea and and with a lot of sugar.... The post Arbaeen, Day 3 first appeared on the city of Brass. Subscribe, unsubscribe or change your subscription email address, and browse/search the archives of the online mailing list on the home page of the DBNet mailing list! Jamaat Directory Find jamaat/mohalla contact information in the Worldwide Directory Mumineen photo pool on Flickr Click here to join the Mumineen Pool on Flickr Salaam, here's our Dawoodi Bohra Hijri calendar. you can see English and Hijri Date in a screen. It shows all our Deeni Miqaat. you can chk Deeni Miqaat by selecting any date. You can also add Edit Miqaat. you can go directly to any Hijri date from year 1 to the year 99999. You can see the Namaz calendar for cities from all over the world. We do not host Dawoodi Bohra Hijri Calendar 3.0 on our servers, so we have not scanned it for viruses, adware, spyware or any other type of malware. This application is hosted by Google Play and has passed their conditions to be listed, but we always recommend caution when installing it. soft112.com lists download links hosted by Google Play, so if you have a question about a particular software contact the publisher directly. The download links for Dawoodi Bohra Hijri Calendar 3.0 are provided to you by soft112.com without any guarantees, representations or guarantees of any kind, so download it at your own risk. RELATED PROGRAMS Our recommendations of Ismaili - The POV model is under consideration for fusion. The neutrality of this article is disputed. The relevant discussion can be found on the discussion page. Please do not delete [Dawoodi Bohra family in their religious attire. Total Population1,000,000[1] — 1,500,000[2]2018Regions with large populations India500,000-1,000,000[3 ﺑُﻬﺮة داؤوْدِﻳﺔ this message until the conditions are met. (August 2020) (Find out how and when to delete this template message) Dawoodi Bohra [4]ReligionsShi'a IslamScripturesQuranLanguages Mainly spoken: Lisan al-DawatEnglIshGujarHindiUrdu History: Sacred Arab: Arab Ethnic groups linked to Shiite : FiversTwelvers Ismailis: DruzeNizariQarmati Mustaalis: Hafizi Tayyibis: AlaviJafariSulaymani Websitethedawoodibohras.com The Dawoodi Bohras are a religious denomination within the Issyel branch of Shiite Islam. [5] The largest number are in , , , East and the Gulf States. There are also a significant number of people living in the , , , , Southeast and Australia. Most of the estimate that the world's population is one million. Like all Muslims, they pray five times a day, fast during the month of , perform the Haj and and give . The Dawoodi Bohra communities are united by a set of centuries-old principles: an unwavering commitment to faith; law-abiding citizens and develop a genuine love for the country in which they live a belief in the value of society, education, hard work and equal rights; Engagement with other religions and a responsibility to take care of the environment and all the creatures that live there. They seek to embrace modernity while remaining true to their fundamental traditions and beliefs. They believe in self-reliance and are mostly merchants, businessmen and entrepreneurs. [9] [10] [11] The word Bohra comes from the word Gujarati vohrvu or vyavahar, which means trade, in reference to one of their traditional occupations that continues to this day. [13] History Main Articles: Shia, Ismailism, Taiyabi Ismaili, and Musta'li Dawoodi Bohras are a subset of Islam. They are traced as: Dawoodi, Taiyebi, Musta'li, Isma'ili, Shiites, Muslims. [14]:1-4[15] The Muslims of Dawood Bohra trace their inheritance to the , named after , the revered daughter of the Islamic Prophet . Devotion to the Fatimid imams and the family of Muhammad is a characteristic of the Dawoodi Bohra faith. The Dawoodi Bohras and the Fatimid dynasty The Fatimids first inhabited and later ruled large parts of the Islamic world during the 10th and 11th centuries, including North Africa and . They ruled in order to promote and strengthen the religious traditions established by Muhammad. The Fatimid Imams oversaw an unprecedented period of Islamic history in terms of its political, economic, literary, artistic and scientific achievements. They founded educational institutions, such as Al-Azhar University, the oldest university in the world, as well as many architectural masterpieces in the city of , Egypt, which remain a lasting legacy of that era. Before the death of the 20th imam, Al-Amir bi-Ahkam Allah, he ordered his great emissary in Yemen, Sayyida Arwa al-Sulayhi, the queen of Yemen, to establish the office of the Da'i al-Mutlaq (or unrestricted missionary) to act as vice-president of the 21st imam in Tayyib Abu'l-Qasim while he was in secionlus. The Da'i al-Mutlaq was ordered to continue the mission of the imam, known as al-Da'wah al-Hadiyah (also Dawat-e-Hadiyah), which means providing advice to believers. The succession to the office of al-Dai al-Mutlaq is determined by a process called Nass, by which each Da'i - inspired and guided by the hidden imam - appoints his own successor. Each al-Dai al-Mutlaq has appointed a successor of his own life to continue the mission on behalf of the imams with all the authority and power inherent in this high office. The Da'is chain has continued uninterrupted to date. . [17] The current incumbent in the Da'i-al-Mutlaq is Dr. Syedna Mufaddal Saifuddin. [18] Faith and Traditions For a glimpse of the Mustaali Shiite faith, see Mustaali. Beliefs and Practices Devotion to Mohammed, His Family and Descendants a characteristic of the Faith Dawoodi Bohra, and is called walaayat. Other basic practices are taharat (purity in body and thought), (daily ritual prayers), zakaat (offering part of his income to Allah), sawing (fasting, especially in the month of Ramadan), and (a ritual pilgrimage to and its surroundings) and (striving on the way to Allah). Dawoodi Bohras establishes wherever they live and gather for prayers and majalis (enlightened gatherings) for the remembrance of Allah and his elect. Left: Burhanuddin, Dawoodi Bohras' 52nd Da'i al-Mutlaq, has held the position from the age of 49 from the age of 49. Right: Saifuddin, son and successor of Burhanuddin. Qardan Hasana Islam forbids (Usure) and ; Dawoodi Bohras follows the principle of Qardan Hasana. [19] Qardan Hasana (read. good loan) is a connotation towards borrowing or lending zero-rate interest rate loans also commonly known as interest-free loans. [14] The term Qardan Hasana is a unique terminology specific to Islam, which has been mentioned six times in the Koran. [20] The Bohras De Dawoodi follow this principle with strict respect for the principle of interest-free transactions. As it is based on the ideal of raising the borrower, this model has played a central role in economic growth within the community. Dawoodi Bohras voluntarily contributes to the corpus on a regular basis, at the institutional level, at the individual and personal level. The funds collected are managed by the respective municipal committees appointed by headquarters for this purpose. These loans are used by community members to buy homes, finance their studies and businesses. Mithaq The central rite of passage of Bohras is mithaq. This ceremony is an alliance between the believer and God, carried out by his representative on earth. In addition to spelling out the duties that a believer owes to Allah, he includes an oath of allegiance: a vow to accept Syedna's spiritual leadership wholeheartedly and unreservedly. The mithaq ceremony is obligatory to enter the fold of faith. The oath of mithaq is first taken at any age that a child is deemed to have reached maturity: most often, thirteen years for girls, fourteen or fifteen years for boys. At the beginning of puberty, a child will be brought by his parents for an interview with the local Amil (local community leader). Amil asks young people a series of questions about the Bohra faith, and it is only after providing adequate answers that the child will be accepted for the mithaq. On the eighteenth day of the Islamic month of Zil Hijjah, each Bohra congregation renews its vows of mithaq together. The Dawoodi Bohra Calendar follows the Islamic tabular era of the fatimid era[24] which perfectly corresponds to the lunar cycle and requires no correction. In this calendar, the lunar year has 354,354 Odd months have 30 days and equal number months have 29 days, except in a leap year where the 12th and last month has 30 days. [25] This contrasts with other Muslim communities, which base the beginnings of specific Islamic months on observations of the crescent moon. [25] Major calendar events It is stated in the Holy that the Koran descended into the month of Ramadan, the 9th month of the . During this month, Dawoodi Bohras fasts from dusk to dawn as a mandatory practice. Bohras gather in their mosques during this auspicious month for daily prayers, but especially during evening prayers, and break the fast of the day together, and have the iftaar (quick break) meal together. This is a season of increased devotional activity, which ends in one of the great festivals, Id al-fitr. In the month of Zil Hajj, the hajj (pilgrimage takes place). At the end of the pilgrimage (10th of Zil Hajj), another great feast is celebrated. On the 18th of Zil Hajj, according to the Bohra (and Shiite) tradition, Mohammed publicly named his son-in-law Ali ibn Abi Talib as his successor. This is a very important event in which the Dawoodi Bohras fasts and offer special prayers. Special prayers and congregations are also organized in other major events such as the day Muhammad began his mission, the birthday of Mohammed, some of the anniversaries of the death of community leaders, and the anniversary of the current Dai. In any case, devotion to Mohammed and his family is a recurring theme. Main Article: The memory of the martyrdom of Imam Husain ibn Ali, son of Ali ibn Abi Talib and grandson of Mohammed, is at the centre of the many expressions of devotion of the Dawoodi Bohras. According to the Scriptures, Mohammed's grandson, Imam Husain, was martyred with his family and companions on the plains of Karbala during a trip to through the burning deserts of modern Iraq. Many Muslims believe that the martyrdom of Imam Husain was foretold by his grandfather, Mohammed, and was intended to change the course of the history of Islam known as Ashara Mubaraka, or Blessed Ten, the commemoration of the martyrdom of Imam Husain consists of a series of ten gatherings that take place at the beginning of the Islamic New Year dedicated to the memory of the , his beloved family and his faithful companions in Karbala. Bohras believes that the martyrdom of Imam Husain embodies the universal values of humanity, justice, truth and the struggle against injustice and tyranny, even at the cost of great personal sacrifices. It offers lessons in bravery, loyalty and compassion for all. These values are said to encourage a spirit and adherence to the fundamental beliefs of faith. Muslims, especially Shia Muslims around the world, commemorate the martyrdom of Husain during the month of Muharram with the belief that this is a source of blessings and a means of spiritual purification. Ashara Mubaraka is a spiritual, educational and material journey of growth and development. All Dawoodi Bohra communities around the world host a series of majalis, or assemblies, in the morning and evening during which sermons recounting the sacrifice of Imam Husain are given and prayer services are organized. The majals led by Mufaddal Saifuddin sometimes attract hundreds of thousands of followers. [27] In 2020, in accordance with government regulations in response to the coronavirus pandemic, the community observed Ashara Mubaraka away from their homes. The audio and video recording of the sermons delivered in previous years by , and Mufaddal Saifuddin was broadcast to the community around the world. While community kitchen volunteers Faiz al-Mawaid al-Burhaniyah prepared and distributed cooked meals in all the houses; members of the local Jami'at, especially young people, ensured that senior members had access to the facilities necessary to participate in all online sermons and prayers. Office and Administration The office of the Da'i al-Mutlaq, known as Dawat-e-Hadiyah, is at the heart of secular and religious affairs among Dawoodi Bohras. The current office is located in Badri Mahal, Mumbai, which is represented by Jamaat committees in all cities with a significant number of Dawoodi Bohra members. Aamil is the chairman of the local jamaat committee in its respective city. It is appointed by the Dawat-e-Hadiyah, with the permission of Dai al Mutlaq. There are several subcommittees and trusts under the Jamaat committee that deal with different aspects of the Dawoodi Bohra administration. The Dawoodi Bohras, being Ismailis and therefore Jafalis, are signatories to the Message. Demography and Culture The global number of Dawoodi Bohras is estimated at just over one million. [30] The majority of members reside in the state of in India and the city of Karachi, Pakistan. There are also large populations in Europe, North America, the Far East and East Africa. [31] Name and etymology The word Bohra comes from the Gujarati word 'vohrvu' (to trade), in reference to their traditional occupation. [32] The term Dawoodi comes from the support given to Dawood Bin Qutubshah during a schism that the community had to face in 1592. Dawoodi Bohras language have a mixture of ethnic cultures, including: Yemeni, Egyptian, African, Pakistani and Indian. In addition to local languages, the Dawoodi Bohra have their own language called Lisan al-Dawat. [34] which is written in Persian- and is derived from Arabic, and Gujarati. Dawoodi Bohras dress have a distinct form of clothing. Men of the faith traditionally wear a predominantly white three- piece outfit consisting of one of a tunic called , an overcoat of equal length called saaya, and pants or pants called . The men also wear a white cap with gold motifs called topi. Bohra's men are expected to adhere to Muhammad's practice of growing a full beard. Women of the faith wear a two- piece dress called rida that is distinguished from other forms of by its bright colors, decorative patterns and lace, and the fact that it does not cover the woman's face. [35] The rida can be of any color except black. It has a flap called a pardi that is usually bent to one side to allow the woman's face to be visible, but that can be worn on the face if desired. Common Kitchen Eat Dawoodi Bohras have a unique system of community meals involving eight or nine people sitting around a thaal (a large metal dish). [36] It's the same for joint dinners as well as eating at home with family. Each dish of the meal is served for those who are at the thaal to share. [37] [38] The meal begins with a taste of salt whose Islamic tradition is a prevention of many diseases. Bohras usually cover their heads during the meal. The tradition of hand washing before and after the meal is also followed and where one is a guest host the common etiquette is for the host to clean the hands of their guests using a chicamchi metal lota (basin and jug). At community festivals, Bohras eats mithaas (sweet dish) first, followed by kharaas (salted dish), then the main meal. As at the beginning, Bohras finish the meal with a pinch of salt. [39] Bohra cuisine is renowned for its unique taste and dishes such as Bohra-style and daal chaawal palidu (rice, lentils and curry). Community Kitchen - Faiz al Mawaid al Burhaniyah (FMB) In 2012, Bohra leader Syedna Mohammed Burhanuddin established community kitchens in Mumbai to provide Bohra families with at least one meal a day, in part to ensure that no one should go to bed hungry. These kitchens now operate in all bohra communities around the world. Their goal remains to provide at least one freshly cooked healthy meal for each Bohra family and to reduce - for women in particular - the time spent each day in food preparation, freeing them to pursue other productive activities. [38] [41] The regime has eliminated food poverty from within the community and, in recent times, in times of wider crisis (such as the floods in or during the COVIDE-19 pandemic) these community kitchens have provided meals and provisions to society as a whole. [42] [43] [44] Dana Committee (No Waste Most Bohra communities have an established Dana (grain) committee to eliminate food waste. Their task is to make sure that no grain or lump is wasted. There are more than 6,000 Dana Committee volunteers in 40 countries around the world, some of whom operate sophisticated RSVP applications[45] and others across Platforms to ensure that no waste results from unnecessary food during joint dinners. [46] This is done by combining the assessment of the actual needs for dinners by determining as precisely as possible the number of people who will attend, then taking any excess food after the event and distributing it among the needy in the locality. [47] Many Bohra communities support the annual campaign for for Healthy Eating for Zero Hunger. In addition, throughout the year, and as part of the Rise project,[48] a global dawoodi Bohra initiative created to improve the lives of the less fortunate through wellness initiatives. Bohras works in partnership with government agencies and local organizations around the world to help alleviate hunger, increase maternal and child health and nutrition levels, improve environmental and health conditions and reduce food waste. As an example of his work, in September 2019, more than 27,000 Bohras who gathered in to commemorate Muharram with Dr. Syedna Mufaddal Saifuddin, followed a zero food waste policy focusing on portion control and the distribution of remains to the homeless and needy. This policy was first adopted the previous year at the Muharram commemorations in . Masjid Community Centers For the Dawoodi Bohras, a masjid in addition to being a primary place of worship is considered one of the essential centers of education that provides a refuge for the socio-cultural development of all members of the community. In addition to serving the purpose of religious congregations, masjid also plays an important role as a civic affairs center. A Masjid complex in Dawoodi Bohra usually houses several community administrative offices as well as a ceremonial banquet hall. Contemporary Dawoodi Bohra Masjids have an aesthetic style that combines the past with the present. The architectural features found in Cairo's Fatimi masjids serve as blue print for these new structures. The reproduction of these features on contemporary masjids testify to Fatimi architecture and the eras of Syedna Taher Saifuddin and Syedna Mohammed Burhanuddin have seen an exponential increase in the construction of masjids in different parts of the world. Under the leadership of Syedna Mufaddal Saifuddin, the community continues to foster the same spirit of construction to ensure a rich socio-cultural environment that engenders peace and harmony for all. Masjid e Moazzam in , India is the largest masjid in the community Masjid e Moazzam, Surat Markaz Dawoodi Bohras communities (or jamaats) are centered around a Masjid (or mosque) or markaz (center) where there is no masjid. The Jamaat - or Anjumans - committees operate all over the world where Dawoodi Bohra members live and work. Bohra communities have populations ranging from 100 to 100 in the big cities. Amil is the president of the local Anjuman in its respective city. It is appointed by the Dawat-e-Hadiyah, the office of The Da'i al-Mutlaq. There are several subcommittees and trusts under each Jamaat committee that deal with different aspects of the administration of the Dawoodi Bohra community. As a leader, the Amil administers and manages the socio-religious affairs of the jamaat. The Amil leads prayers and gives speeches. Jamaat Khaana's community meals are served in dining rooms called jamaat khaana, which are usually part of the mosque complex. The Dawoodi Bohras manage an elaborate administrative system set up by the central organization. The office of the Da'i al-Mutlaq, known as Dawat-e-Hadiyah, is at the heart of the administration of secular and religious affairs of all Dawoodi Bohras. The main office is currently located in Badri Mahal, Mumbai, India. Institutes of Education and Education Key articles: Aljamea-tus-Saifiyah and MSB Educational Institute Mohammed have made it also the responsibility of every Muslim man and woman to pursue knowledge. [14] In the community of Dawoodi Bohra, religious and secular education is highly valued. The community has a very high rate and there is no disparity between the opportunities for learning between boys and girls. [14] This can be seen in the community's own schools, especially the Madrasah Saifiyah Burhaniyah who teach an integrated science program, the humanities, languages and theological subjects with girls and boys being equal in number in these institutes. In 1984, Syedna Mohammad Burhanuddin established the MSB Educational Institute in and Mumbai. Currently, there are 25 school branches around the world. [49] This continues to be seen in the community's primary education institute, Al Jamea tus Saifiyah, with its four campuses in Surat, Mumbai, Karachi and Nairobi. In all of these campuses, the ratio of male to female students is equal for the first seven years of its program. [50] Women's education is actively encouraged with the understanding that an educated girl, who will most likely become a mother, leads to families that value education and thus to an educated society. This is confirmed by the high rate of Bohra children who are going to higher education. [51] Today, university education is commonplace for community members around the world. During the 20th century, the 51st and 52nd Dais established colleges, schools and madrasas in villages, towns and towns around the world. The Bohras' emphasis on literacy and education has enabled a high percentage of the Bohras Men and women - to obtain degrees and have a successful career in fields such as medicine, law, architecture, engineering, teaching, computer science and industry. Many also continue to create and manage successful businesses. [22] Community the educational institution is an Arab academy called Al Jamea tus Saifiyah. Here, the young people of the community are prepared in religious traditions and trained to lead the community. He trains students, both boys and girls, up to the age of 11, in arabic, Koranic sciences and religious doctrine. It also gives high school and college students through the National Councils and Cambridge International with whom it is affiliated. Students are therefore equipped to take courses elsewhere if they wish. The institution is inspired by the religious traditions of the community and is well known for housing some of the oldest Arabic manuscripts in the world. He specializes in the arts of quran recitation, , and geometric design in the Islamic tradition. The first campus was established in the 19th century in the city of Surat in Gujarat, India. In the early 19th century, the 43rd Dai, Syedna Abdeali Saifuddin, founded the Dars e Saifee, a theological boarding school. [53] This was eventually converted by the 51st Dai into a modern university teaching English and science and renamed Al Jamea tus Saifiyah. A second campus was founded in 1983 and located in the northern foothills of Karachi, Pakistan. A third campus was established in Nairobi, , in 2011, and a fourth in 2013 in Marol, Mumbai, . The BohraS themselves illustrate this learning through the many Arab literary works they have written in both poetry and prose. In addition, many advice poems, which give isamic values of life in the language that most of the community speak - the Gujarati dialect known as Lisan ud-Dawat. For example, many treaties from the 51st Dai (d. 1965) are housed in the institution's library. These have since been joined by the works of the 52nd and 53rd dais. The dairy personally presides over the institution's annual reviews. Oral exams are reserved for senior students, with each student being interviewed by the rectors in the presence of the ai at the Bohras' public gatherings. [50] Social Responsibilities Dawoodi Bohras are primarily merchants and businessmen and have now expanded into a community that includes philanthropic business people, industrialists, entrepreneurs and highly skilled professionals. An important article of faith for the Dawoodi Bohras is the Islamic teaching of loyalty to his country of residence. Dawoodi Bohras seeks to participate in the cultures and communities in which they live, to integrate and while preserving their own identity. According to Dawoodi Bohra's beliefs, true realization requires that members of the community resourceful and proactive contributors to the societies in which they live and loyal citizens of the countries they call their countries of origin. [54] Environmental Protection The Bohra Faith Places Great Great protection and improvement of the natural environment and awareness of the need for sustainable development. Nazafat (or cleanliness) is an integral part of the Islamic faith, and members of the Bohra community are invited to engage in clean-up campaigns, tree planting and other green initiatives to promote and promote a clean living environment wherever they reside; Avoid waste and pollution Recycle and feed all forms of life. In 1992, the Bohra Spiritual Chief, the late Syedna Mohammed Burhanuddin, established the Burhani Foundation, a charitable trust dedicated to making environmental preservation the responsibility of every Bohra, and to raise awareness of the relationship between environmental health and people's health. [ The Burhani Foundation aims to improve the natural environment by planting trees, controlling water pollution, promoting sustainable development techniques, raising public awareness and funding research. In 2017, Syedna Mufaddal Saifuddin, the 53rd and current Da'i al-Mutlaq, launched a global program to plant 200,000 young trees to preserve the environment and raise awareness of environmental issues. [56] Turning the Tide Together with , Afroz Shah, the Dawoodi Bohras Turning the Tide campaign is working to eliminate single-use plastic; Remove plastic from India's oceans, rivers and beaches; and educate people about the need to protect the natural environment. Bohras regularly makes practical efforts to protect, improve and clean up the natural environment in which they live, while raising community awareness of the need for sustainable development. [57] [58] [59] [60] Project Rise - Social Uprising In June 2018, the Dawoodi Bohra community launched Project Rise, a global initiative created to help improve the lives of marginalized, neglected or poverty-s living people. In partnership with government agencies and local organizations around the world, Rise Project Improvement Programs cover a range of policy areas, including health care, nutrition, sanitation and hygiene, environmental responsibility and conservation, and education. Project Rise is inspired by the teachings of Islam and prophetic traditions, which call on Muslims to work for the betterment of others. [61] The Rise Project was launched in Mumbai in partnership with the Fight Hunger Foundation, part of the Global network, to help alleviate hunger in some of India's poorest regions; significantly improve the health and nutrition levels of severely malnourished children and mothers; and provide local health care providers of disease prevention techniques. [62] The Rise Project began by supporting nutrition among families in Mokhada in Maharashtra's district and the suburb[63] has since expanded its reach and reach throughout India and the global bohra community. In September 2019, volunteers in Bohra helped residents recover from devastating floods and landslides in Kerala, Karnataka, Maharashtra and Gujarat by providing essential meals and supplies to affected families. In October 2019, Bohras in North America marked World Food Day by undertaking a series of project rise initiatives, including donations to local food banks and help to feed vulnerable members of society. [65] Many of the values at the heart of the Rise project, including eradicating poverty and hunger, improving health and education, empowering women, avoiding waste and preserving the natural environment, are closely aligned with the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals. For centuries, Bohras around the world have lived their daily lives according to these principles, regularly taking concrete steps to support the members of society who need help the most. In addition, as part of the Dawoodi Bohra campaign, thousands of volunteers from Bohal communities around the world undertake a series of initiatives to improve the standard of living of the less fortunate members of society who need additional support in terms of housing, food, health and spiritual well-being. [67] [68] Hunger, nutrition, the homeless Bohras subscribe to the idea that no one should go to bed hungry, and consider it their duty to help the less fortunate members of society. Bohra communities regularly organize food drives to feed the homeless and hungry in cities around the world. In October 2019, Bohras in North America marked World Food Day by undertaking a series of Project Rise initiatives, including donations to local food banks and help to feed vulnerable members of society. In March and April 2020, Bohra communities around the world donated large volumes of food to local charities that supported the economically vulnerable people most affected by COVID-19. [67] [68] Cluster Development Project Main Article: Saifee Burhani Upliftment Trust Planning on the Saifee Burhani Upliftment Trust (SBUT) began in 2009 and was envisioned by the late Dr. Syedna Mohammed Burhanuddin to transform the unhealthy community into a planned and sustainable neighbourhood. The project, which includes 16.5 acres of land, includes approximately 250 existing buildings, 1,250 businesses and 3,200 families; who are integrated into state-of-the-art holistic development with 13 new buildings, wide roads, modern infrastructure, more open spaces and highly visible commercial areas. Once completed, all residential and commercial tenants will become owners of their premises. [69] [70] [71] [72] Currently, the first two rounds of Phase I - Al Saadah - are completed and more than 600 residents and 128 store owners have returned to their new Health Care Bohras focus on health care and personal hygiene. Around the world, there are thousands of Bohra men and women working in medical professions. The Bohra community manages more than 25 hospitals and clinics in India, as well as a number of facilities in Pakistan and around the world. [75] Main Article: Saifee Saifee Hospital is a flagship project of the Dawoodi Bohra community. It was established in Mumbai, India in 1948 with the aim of providing safe, ethical and affordable medical assistance to people of all faiths and socio-economic backgrounds. In 2005, the hospital was rebuilt on the existing site. Then Prime Minister joined the 52nd Dai, Syedna Mohammed Burhanuddin, in an opening ceremony. Saifee Hospital specializes in bariatric surgery, cardiology, intensive care medicine, dentistry, dermatology, gynecology, hepatology, oncology, neurology, nephrology, ophthalmology, neonatology, high-dose radioactive therapy units and intra-peritoneal pressure chemotherapy (PIPAC). The hospital has a very advanced robotic surgical system to facilitate the surgeon in the execution of complex but minimally invasive surgery. The hospital has won numerous awards in quality and is now one of the highly sought after hospitals in the country, for local and tourist medical interventions. A new bohra hospital of the same name is being built in Dahod, India. U.S. Recognitions: 2011: The Burhani Foundation, as part of its Save Our Sparrows (SOS) campaign, received the Guinness World Records Award for the largest distribution of bird feeders. [77] [78] India: 2018: The Dawoodi Bohra community received an award for organizing the largest zero-waste religious event during Mubaraka's ashara sermons in Indore, by the Golden Book of World Records. [79] [80] India: 2018: The Dawoodi Bohra community in Indore received the Swachh City Award for being the best citizen initiative for the Swachh Bharat mission on March 9, 2019. Mausoleums, mausoleum of the 51st and 52nd Dai (covered with a temporary canopy to protect it from the dust of the nearby construction project) Every year, thousands of Dawoodi Bohras visit a number of places to pay tribute to the Dai-al-Mutlaqs and other pious dignitaries of the faith who have been buried there. [82] These places have a community complex (mazaar) that provide accommodation, business centres, catering and various recreational activities for visiting pilgrims. The strength of these complexes is to make it easier to at the mausoleum of a spiritual leader. Prominent in central and western India, these mausoleums offer a spiritual retreat to the Bohras of Dawoodi and common ground for community members to meet and mingle. [82] The remarkable features of a Dawoodi Bohra Bohra is the plush white color of its exterior, accompanied by a golden finish at the top of the dome. The interior of the mausoleum is usually lit in an incandescent light with many Qur'anic inscriptions that run through its walls. Home to both austere and aesthetic beauty, a mausoleum also embodies several meanings in the form of its structure and construction. Raudat Tahera in Mumbai stands out as a worthy example, where, although resembling a simple and elegant structure on the beginning, it has a range of deliberate subtleties in its manufacture. For example, the inner height of the mausoleum is 80 feet above the plinth: the number means the age of Syedna Taher Saifuddin - the spiritual leader buried there - when he died. The mausoleum shrine is 51×51 feet long, symbolizing its position as the 51st spiritual leader. [84] In addition, the Dawoodi Bohras make pilgrimages to various mausolea outside India composed of Islamic prophets, Ahl al-Bayt, and Da'i al-Mutlaqs in and around the regions, namely, Iraq, Yemen, Syria, Jerusalem and Cairo. [85] Interfaith Commitment It is an article of faith for the Bohras that universal truths and true knowledge are found in all societies and religions. Let the whole creation share the same purpose and the same ancestry and the same purpose. It is a teaching of Muhammad that all humanity, even creation, are one family of Allah, and that the one who is dearest to Allah is the one who benefits the family of Allah the most. Thus, the Bohras must be good neighbours and good citizens, and strive to achieve what is beneficial for all. State of the Woman Overview The status of women in the community of Bohra underwent a major change in the second half of the twentieth century. According to , women of the Bohra faith are among the best educated women in the Indian subcontinent. [86] Female Bohra in the and Europe have become business owners, lawyers, doctors, teachers and leaders in a range of professions. At an interfaith celebration of Eid al-Fitr organized by the Dawoodi Bohra community in Detroit, Michigan, USA, on June 7, 2019, U.S. Congresswoman Brenda Lawrence (Democrat, 14th District of The Michigan Congress) praised the Bohras for using their voices to make progress on countless issues, including and the environment. [88] Female Genital Mutilation Additional Information: Female Genital Mutilation in India Dawoodi Bohra practices what they call khatna,[89] khafd,[90] or khafz,[91] a practice that critics regard as female genital mutilation (FGM). The procedure is for the most part without anesthesia by a traditional circumcizing device when the girls reach grade seven. [92] Non-Bohra women seeking marriage in the community are also required to marry. [93] There are no authoritative studies on the extent of practical practice A 1911 Bombay census of unknown reliability noted that they were performing clitorirectomy. [95] According to a 1991 article in Manushi, the Bohra remove either the clitoral hood or the tip of the clitoris. [96] Proponents of this practice say that Bohra removes only the clitoral hood or makes symbolic cuts, and that it should be called female circumcision, not mgf. [91] A 2018 qualitative study by WeSpeakOut, a group opposed to FGM,[98] concluded that most Bohra girls undergo type I FGM, removal of the clitoral hood or clitoral gland. [99] [100] A gynecologist who participated in the study examined 20 Bohra women and found that the clitoris and clitoral hood had been cut in most cases. [a] According to the Dawoodi Bohra Women's Association for Religious Freedom, the study's findings did not reflect the views of most Bohra women. [100] In Australia in 2018, the convictions of three members of the Bohra community, related to the execution of FGM on two girls, were overturned when the Court of Appeal accepted that each girl's clitoris tip was still visible and had not been mutilated; the defence's position was that only the symbolic khatna had been executed. [102] The High Court of Australia overturned this decision in October 2019, ruling that the term uutile differently in Australian law includes cutting or crading the clitoris. As a result, the convictions were upheld and the defendants were sentenced to at least 11 months' custodial sentences. [103] Dawoodi Bohra Mosques Burhanuddin in conversation with Rowan Williams, Archbishop of Canterbury, (2010). The first Dawoodi Bohra masjid (mosque) in the Gulf was built in , in 1983. After which another masjid was built in 2004 and later after cities like , Ajman and Abu Dhabi masjids were inaugurated The first Dawoodi Bohra masjid (mosque) in the west was built in Farmington Hills, Michigan in 1988. Immediately thereafter, the first Canadian masjid was inaugurated by Dr. Syedna Mohammed Burhanuddin in . Mohammed Burhanuddin inaugurated the masjid in 1996, which was rebuilt into a larger masjid that is four times the size of the original. This new masjid was inaugurated in October 2015 by Mufaddal Saifuddin. The first Dawoodi Bohra masjid Mosque in Europe was built in London, England in 1996, after which masjid were built and inaugurated in subsequent cities such as Bradford, Manchester, Birmingham and Leicester In 1999, Mohammed Burhanuddin inaugurated Masjid-ul-Hussaini in , Sri Lanka. In June 2001 the Masjid ul-Badri in Chicago was inaugurated. In July 2004, new mosques in New Jersey (Masjiduz-Zainy), Washington DC and were inaugurated. [104] The following year, August 2005, the D'l-Mutlaq inaugurated another masjid in Fremont, California (San Francisco Metropolitan) and was congratulated by U.S. government officials and dignitaries. President George W. Bush also sent a letter from the White House. On July 8, 2007, Mohammad Burhanuddin inaugurated a new masjid in . In March 2015, Mufaddal Saifuddin inaugurates masjids in , San Jose, Bakersfield and Orange County In July 2018, Mufaddal Saifuddin inaugurates a Shujai Masjid in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. V K Singh praised the role of the Dawoodi Bohra community in assisting the 's Operation Rahat[b] in evacuating civilians during the 2015 Yemeni civil war. [108] Tombs from the gallery of Fatima and others in Medina. Mousoleum Imam Abadullah, Salamia, Syria, (1st- Daur-us-Satr) 07 to 10th Imam, 765 AD - 881/909 AD Fatimid Imam era, Cairo, Egypt, 11 to 21st Imam, 881/909 AD-1138 AD Syedna Hatim Rauza, Yemen era 2nd Daur us Satr start with 1st Dai Zoeb, 1138 AD Syedna Idris Court Syedna Idris Rauza Syedna Ali Rauza Mausoleum Syedna bin Suulaman, Tayba, Yemen era end with 24th Dai, 1567AD Ujjain, 39 - 40th Dai era, 1738-1780 AD Mausoleum Dawoodi Bohra Duwat, Burhanpur,41st dai era 1780-1787 AD Rauzas of seven Dai al Mutlaq in Surat, Gujarat era 1787-1915 Grave 51st Dai Taher Saifuddin, Mumbai, era 1915-1965 AD-contd. Mausoleum of the 1st Wali-ul-Hind:Moulai Abadullah, Khambat, Gujarat, (10-11th century AD) Mausoleum of Moulai Fakhruddin Shaheed, Galiakot, Rajasthan, India (10-11th century AD) Dargah de Maula Qazi, Halvad. See also Succession at the 52nd Dai al-Mutlaq Dai List of Dawoodi Bohra Progressive Dawoodi Bohra Family Tree of Muhammad-Family Tree Connecting the Prophets to Imams Notes - Sujaat Vali (The Clitoral Cap: A Contested Site, 2018): Given that most girls are cut at the age of seven, without anesthesia, by traditional cutters, and the procedure is done in a minute or two, the operator cannot get enough separation between the clitoris and the skin surrounding the clitoris. So, usually, they end up cutting the clitoris with the skin covering the clitoris. [101] - India today evacuated 1,052 of its nationals from Yemen, bringing the total number of Indians rescued from the conflict-torn country to nearly 3,300 as the government planned to complete the massive evacuation operation 'Rahat' in a matter of days. [107] References - About Us. thedawoodibohras.com. Archived of the original on June 11, 2020. Excerpted June 11, 2020. Horah, Deborah (October 24, 2006). Same faith, with a difference. Chicago Tribune. ISSN 2165-171X. Bohra in India. Archived from the original of June 11, 2020. Excerpted June 11, 2020. Who are Dawoodi Bohras: 5 points to understanding this Muslim community in India. dnaindia.com. Diligent Media Corporation. 24 2018. Archived of the original of June 11, 2020. Why Bohra's Muslims are so in love with . Society: Why We Work. A b c White, White, (2001). Mullahs on the mainframe: Islam and modernity among the Daudi Bohras. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. 11. ISBN 0226056767. 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The Dawoodi Bohras. Excerpted April 22, 2020. Sarkar, Gaurav (August 27, 2020). Dawoodi Bohras watching sermons at home, recreating the spiritual atmosphere. mid-day.com. Mumbai: Mid-day infomedia. Archived of the original on August 29, 2020. Administrator. e official website of the Amman message - large list of approvals of the amman message and its three points. ammanmessage.com. Recovered on March 11, 2016. Tehelka - India's Independent Weekly News Magazine. archive.tehelka.com. Archived of the original on March 4, 2016. Excerpted March 11, 2016. Paul, Eva (2006). Die Dawoodi Bohras - eine indische Gemeinschaft in Ostafrika (PDF). Beitrege zur 1. Afrikawissenschaftlichen Afrikawissenschaftlichen White 2001, 14. Kumar Suresh Singh; Rajendra Behari Lal; Anthropology Survey of India (2003). Gujarat. Popular Prakashan. pp. 248. ISBN 978-81-7991-104-4. Excerpted March 22, 2012. Michel Adam (2009). Indian Africa: minorities of Indo-Pakistan origin in East Africa. KARTHALA Editions. pp. 272. ISBN 978-2-8111-0273-9. Excerpted March 22, 2012. Hiladri Banerjee (July 10, 2009). Calcutta Mosaic: Essays and interviews on the minority communities of Calcutta. Anthem Press. pp. 200. ISBN 978-81-905835-5-8. Excerpted March 22, 2012. Bohra's Kitchen. Travel kitchen. Excerpted May 1, 2020. Priyadershini, S. A slice of Gujraat. The Hindu. A b Bhattacharyya, Sourish (March 30, 2013). Faith and food in the manner of Bohra. Mail Today. New Delhi. Excerpted May 6, 2014. Ankolkar, Sama (June 15, 2018). The Story of Bohri. Mumbai Foodie. Excerpted May 1, 2020. Dal Chawal Palidu - a Bohri Classic . theroute2roots. October 24, 2019. Excerpted May 1, 2020. Parmar, Vijaysinh (February 15, 2012). a cuisine communautair gives Bohra women the freedom to cook. . Excerpted May 6, 2014. Food drive for needy by North Texas Bohras. March 8, 2012. Bahrain Food Drive. The Dawoodi Bohras. May 15, 2019. World Food Day 2019. The Dawoodi Bohras. October 15, 2019. Wp_tdb_master (February 2, 2018). 'Izan RSVP': AN APPLICATION TO PREVENT FOOD WASTE. The Dawoodi Bohras. Excerpted May 1, 2020. In St. Ramzan, Muslims have urged not to waste food. The Times of India. May 27, 2018. No waste of food this Eid. The Hindu. June 16, 2018. Project Rise. The Dawoodi Bohras. Excerpted May 1, 2020. MSB Al-Madrasa-tus-Saifiya-tul-Burhaniyah. www.msbdar.com. Recovered April 26, 2020. a b c ddmin. Home. Aljamea-tus-Saifiyah. Excerpted April 26, 2020. EDUCATION. The Dawoodi Bohras. Excerpted April 26, 2020. From Gurukul to IBO University. The Times of India. November 6, 2009. Al-Di al-Ajal Syedna Abdeali Saifuddin RA. Aljamea-tus-Saifiyah. Excerpted July 10, 2019. Archives of Social Initiatives. The Dawoodi Bohras. Excerpted May 1, 2020. Vision Statement. Al Nazafat Minal Iman: Hygiene and cleanliness are an integral part of belief. Excerpted October 23, 2019. Basic message. Burhani India Foundation. Excerpted October 23, 2019. Linah Baliga (June 24, 2019). Afroz Shah gives new life to Mithi River, manages to free 1.25 km of plastic waste. . Dawoodi Bohras join the river cleanup. The Hindu. November 29, 2018. The women of Dawoodi Bohra enlist in the clean-up army . The Hindu. March 5, 2019. Turning The Tide Plastic Pollution - The Dawoodi Bohras. Youtube. December 20, 2019. About Project Rise. The Dawoodi Bohras. March 25, 2019. Get involved with us to support a child in need. Action against hunger. June 20, 2018. 'Project Rise' food aid programme launched. ». Standard. June 20, 2018. The community contributes to the flood relief fund. The Dawoodi Bohras. September 17, 2019. Dawoodi Bohras in North America Supports World Food Day of the United Nations. Global Newswire. October 24, 2019. About the Sustainable Development Goals . Nations. Excerpted November 15, 2019. A b Feeroz, Mustafa (April 16, 2020). Covide relief: April 16 - USA, Reunion, India. The Dawoodi Bohras. Excerpted April 17, 2020. A b April 13, TNN Update; 2020; Ist, 1:39 p.m. Dawoodi Bohras serve poor, needy Surat News - Times of India. The Times of India. Excerpted On April 17, 2020.CS1 many: digital names: list of authors (link) - [1]; Largest Urban Makeover: How a Mumbai Trust Brings Free Homes for $20,000 [2]; Mumbai's bustling is ready for a makeover. Mahale, Ajeet (March 23, 2020). A whole new world. The Hindu. ISSN 0971-751X. Excerpted April 16, 2020. CongestionD Bhendi Bazaar in Mumbai gets a new look of spanking. Rediff. Excerpted April 16, 2020. HEALTH CARE. The Dawoodi Bohras. Excerpted May 1, 2020. Saifee Hospital Mumbai: multi-specialty, professional health care. www.saifeehospital.com. Recovered May 1, 2020. Largest distribution of bird feeders. Guinness World Records. Excerpted November 3, 2018. :: BFI :: . www.burhanifoundationindia.org. Recovered November 3, 2018. Dawoodi Bohras set the world record for the largest zero waste religious event - Odorless Mirror. Mirror Indore. September 20, 2018. Excerpted November 3, 2018. Bohras set the world record for the largest religious event of zero waste . The Dawoodi Bohras. September 20, 2018. Excerpted November 3, 2018. PTI. Swachh Survekshan Awards 2019: Indore named 'Cleanest City' for the third year in a row. @businessline. Excerpted June 27, 2019. a b SIGATULMAZARAAT. www.mazaraat.org. Recovered April 27, 2020. Shelar, Jyoti (June 26, 2019). Raudate Tahera: Engraved in stone, a labour of love. The Hindu. ISSN 0971-751X. Excerpted April 27, 2020. Syedna laid to rest. Business Standard. Excerpted January 18, 2014. Fayz-e-Husayni. www.fayzehusayni.net. Recovered April 27, 2020. Blank 2001, 125-126. Letter: The women of Dawoodi Bohra of Detroit speak up. Detroit News. December 12, 2018. Dawoodi Bohras of Detroit Share the message of unity and peace with friends and neighbors. April 21, 2017. Ghadially, R. (September-October 1991). Everything for 'Izzat' The practice of female circumcision among Bohra Muslims (PDF). Manushi (66): 17-20.CS1 main: ref-harv (link), quoted Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting: A Global Concern, New York: United Nations Children's Fund, February 2016, footnote 2. A b Nair, Shalini (December 28, 2017). No official data on the existence of female genital mutilation in India, sc. . a b Dawoodi Bohra women's group defends khafz. The Hindu. Press Trust of August 26, 2018. Anantnarayan, Lakshmi; Diler, Shabana; Menon, Natasha (2018). The Clitoral Hood: A Contested Site (PDF). WeSpeakOut. 40, 42. Archived (PDF) of the original of September 1, 2018.CS1 main: ref-harv (link) - Anantnarayan, Diler and Menon 2018, p. 28. Cole, Diana (February 8, 2016). UNICEF's estimate of female genital mutilation has increased by 70 million. National public radio. White 2001, 57. Ghadially 1991, 17, 19. Baweja, Harinder (February 21, 2016). India's black secret. Hindustan Times. Cantera, Angel L. Martinez (March 6, 2018). e wepted with pain insuportabl: a study reveals the extent of FGM in India. The Guardian. Anantnarayan, Diler and Menon 2018, p. 2. A b Batha, Emma (February 5, 2018). 'Heartwrenching's study shows that FGM is widespread within the Bohra Indian sect. Reuters. Anantnarayan, Diler and Menon 2018, 37. A2 v R; Magennis v. R; Vaziri v R [2018] NSWCCA 174 (August 10, 2018), Court of Criminal Appeal (NSW, Australia). Laurence, Emily (August 11, 2018). The convictions for genital mutilation were quashed after new evidence showed that the victims remained intact. ABC News (Australia). The Queen v A2 [2019] HCA 35 Judgment Summary (PDF), High Court of Australia, 16 October 2019. The High Court upholds NSW's genital mutilation convictions. The Sydney Morning Herald. October 16, 2019. History of Masjid. Anjuman-E-Burhani. Archived from the original of January 27, 2008. 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A short history of the Ismailis: traditions of a Muslim community. Islamic investigations. Edinburgh University Press. ISBN 9780748606870. ISSN 0075-093X - via books.google.com. Farhad Daftary (1992). Isma'ilis: Their history and doctrines. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9780521429740 - via books.google.com. Joseph W. Meri; Jere L. Bacharach, Editor's Note (2005). Civilization médiévale : une encyclopédie. 1. Routledge. ISBN 9781135455965. Farhad Daftary. « Sayyida Hurra: The Isma’ili Sulayhid Queen of Yemen » (PDF). Londres: Londres: ismaili studies. Archived from the original of June 23, 2020. Recovered on June 23, 2020 - via iis.ac.uk. Cite newspaper requires 'journal' (help) Frederic P. Miller; Agnes F. Vandome; John McBrewster, Editor's note (2010). Arwa Al-Sulayhi. VDM Editions. ISBN 9786131811661 - via books.google.com. Farhad Daftary (2001). Medieval Isma'ili History and thought. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9780521003100 - via books.google.com. Simonetta Calderini (1996). Cosmology and Authority in Medieval Ismailism. London: Roehampton Institute. Archived of the original on June 23, 2020 - via jbasr.com. Cite journal requires 'journal' (help) Farhad Daftary (2005). Ismaili literature: Bibliography of sources and studies. I.B. Tauris. ISBN 9780857713865 - via books.google.com. Mr. J. L. Young; John Derek Latham; Robert Bertram Serjeant (2006). Religion, learning and science in the Abbasid era. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9780521028875 - via books.google.com. Garry W. Trompf; Gunner B. Mikkelsen; Jay Johnston, Editor's note (2018). The Gnostic world. ISBN 9781317201847 - via books.google.com. Electricwala, Mohammed Abbas (2015). Intellectual elevation through the memorization of the Koran: a social aspect. inflibnet.ac.in (thesis). Shri Jagdishparasad Jhabarmal Tibrewala University. Archived of the original on June 18, 2020 - via shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in. Farhad Daftary (2017). Ismaili history and intellectual traditions. Routledge. ISBN 9781351975032 - via books.google.com. Peter Adamson,'s editor (2008). At the time of Al-Furb: Arab philosophy in the 4th century. University of California. ISBN 9780854811472 - via academic.oup.com. Peter Adamson,'s editor '2006' Women and Fatimids in the world of Islam. London: Edinburgh University Press. ISBN 9780748626298. Archived of the original on June 23, 2020 - via books.google.com. Heinz Halm (1997). The Fatimids and their learning traditions. Ismaili studies. Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN 9781850439202 - via books.google.com. James W. Morris, Editor's note (2020). The Master and the Disciple: An early Islamic spiritual dialogue. Bloomsbury Academic. ISBN 9780755602629 - via books.google.com. Farhad Daftary; Shainool Jiwa, Editor's note (2017). The Fatimid Caliphate: diversity of traditions. Bloomsbury Publishing. ISBN 9781786733092 - via books.google.com. John Eberly (2005). Al-Kimia: The mystical Islamic essence of the sacred art of alchemy. Sophia Perennis. ISBN 9781597310109 - via books.google.com. External links Wikimedia Commons has media related to Dawoodi Bohra. The official website of the Dawoodi Bohras. Excerpt from

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