Newsletter 2020 December
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The Collection of Oak Trees of Mexico and Central America in Iturraran Botanical Gardens
The Collection of Oak Trees of Mexico and Central America in Iturraran Botanical Gardens Francisco Garin Garcia Iturraran Botanical Gardens, northern Spain [email protected] Overview Iturraran Botanical Gardens occupy 25 hectares of the northern area of Spain’s Pagoeta Natural Park. They extend along the slopes of the Iturraran hill upon the former hay meadows belonging to the farmhouse of the same name, currently the Reception Centre of the Park. The minimum altitude is 130 m above sea level, and the maximum is 220 m. Within its bounds there are indigenous wooded copses of Quercus robur and other non-coniferous species. Annual precipitation ranges from 140 to 160 cm/year. The maximum temperatures can reach 30º C on some days of summer and even during periods of southern winds on isolated days from October to March; the winter minimums fall to -3º C or -5 º C, occasionally registering as low as -7º C. Frosty days are few and they do not last long. It may snow several days each year. Soils are fairly shallow, with a calcareous substratum, but acidified by the abundant rainfall. In general, the pH is neutral due to their action. Collections The first plantations date back to late 1987. There are currently approximately 5,000 different taxa, the majority being trees and shrubs. There are around 3,000 species, including around 300 species from the genus Quercus; 100 of them are from Mexico and Central America. Quercus costaricensis photo©Francisco Garcia 48 International Oak Journal No. 22 Spring 2011 Oaks from Mexico and Oaks from Mexico -
Amorpha Canescens Pursh Leadplant
leadplant, Page 1 Amorpha canescens Pursh leadplant State Distribution Best Survey Period Photo by Susan R. Crispin Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec Status: State special concern the Mississippi valley through Arkansas to Texas and in the western Great Plains from Montana south Global and state rank: G5/S3 through Wyoming and Colorado to New Mexico. It is considered rare in Arkansas and Wyoming and is known Other common names: lead-plant, downy indigobush only from historical records in Montana and Ontario (NatureServe 2006). Family: Fabaceae (pea family); also known as the Leguminosae. State distribution: Of Michigan’s more than 50 occurrences of this prairie species, the vast majority of Synonym: Amorpha brachycarpa E.J. Palmer sites are concentrated in southwest Lower Michigan, with Kalamazoo, St. Joseph, and Cass counties alone Taxonomy: The Fabaceae is divided into three well accounting for more than 40 of these records. Single known and distinct subfamilies, the Mimosoideae, outlying occurrences have been documented in the Caesalpinioideae, and Papilionoideae, which are last two decades from prairie remnants in Oakland and frequently recognized at the rank of family (the Livingston counties in southeast Michigan. Mimosaceae, Caesalpiniaceae, and Papilionaceae or Fabaceae, respectively). Of the three subfamilies, Recognition: Leadplant is an erect, simple to sparsely Amorpha is placed within the Papilionoideae (Voss branching shrub ranging up to ca. 1 m in height, 1985). Sparsely hairy plants of leadplant with greener characterized by its pale to grayish color derived from leaves have been segregated variously as A. canescens a close pubescence of whitish hairs that cover the plant var. -
Vegetative Growth and Organogenesis 555
Vegetative Growth 19 and Organogenesis lthough embryogenesis and seedling establishment play criti- A cal roles in establishing the basic polarity and growth axes of the plant, many other aspects of plant form reflect developmental processes that occur after seedling establishment. For most plants, shoot architecture depends critically on the regulated production of determinate lateral organs, such as leaves, as well as the regulated formation and outgrowth of indeterminate branch systems. Root systems, though typically hidden from view, have comparable levels of complexity that result from the regulated formation and out- growth of indeterminate lateral roots (see Chapter 18). In addition, secondary growth is the defining feature of the vegetative growth of woody perennials, providing the structural support that enables trees to attain great heights. In this chapter we will consider the molecular mechanisms that underpin these growth patterns. Like embryogenesis, vegetative organogenesis and secondary growth rely on local differences in the interactions and regulatory feedback among hormones, which trigger complex programs of gene expres- sion that drive specific aspects of organ development. Leaf Development Morphologically, the leaf is the most variable of all the plant organs. The collective term for any type of leaf on a plant, including struc- tures that evolved from leaves, is phyllome. Phyllomes include the photosynthetic foliage leaves (what we usually mean by “leaves”), protective bud scales, bracts (leaves associated with inflorescences, or flowers), and floral organs. In angiosperms, the main part of the foliage leaf is expanded into a flattened structure, the blade, or lamina. The appearance of a flat lamina in seed plants in the middle to late Devonian was a key event in leaf evolution. -
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RAFAEL AGUILAR-ROMERO1,4, FELIPE GARCÍA-OLIVA2, FERNANDO PINEDA-GARCÍA1, IGNACIO TORRES2, ERNESTO PEÑA-VEGA2, ADRIÁN GHILARDI3 AND KEN OYAMA1,2 Botanical Sciences 94 (3): 471-482, 2016 Abstract Elucidating the factors determining plant distribution is still on discussion. It has been stated that the distri- DOI: 10.17129/botsci.620 bution is mostly determined by environmental factors, but the evidence on whether this or other processes are the determinants remains inconclusive. In the present study, we hypothesized that oak species differ in their distribution, which might be mostly influence by the environment. Particularly, we explored: i) the patterns of distribution of Quercus species at a landscape scale; ii) the climatic, soil and topographic fac- tors that might determine their distribution, and iii) the degree of association between the species within fragments. The study included the analysis of 78 oak forest fragments at the Cuitzeo lake Basin in Micho- acán state, Mexico in which nine oak species were registered. The species showed clear differences in their distribution; three groups of oak species that differ significantly in their spatial arrangement were detected with a NMDS (Non-metric Multidimensional Scaling) analysis. We observed a relationship between oak species distribution with temperature and precipitation. In particular, Q. candicans, Q. crassipes and Q. rugosa were frequently distributed at sites with higher rainfall and lower temperature; in contrast, Q. deserticola, Q. gentryi and Q. glaucoides were at more arid areas. We found associations between pairs of oak species; the most recurrent one was between species from the Quercus and the Lobatae sections. Overall, the pattern of distribution among oak species was determined by environmental factors, which suggests that they partition their habitat to avoid competition for resources. -
Native Planting List.Csv
Morrison County Native Shoreland Vegetation* last updated 5/28/2020 *Based on MN DNR native plant encyclopedia LIFE FORM NAME SCIENTIFIC NAME HABITAT EXPOSURE HEIGHT (ft) FLOWER COLOR BLOOM TIME Ferns and Wildflowers Black-eyed Susan Rudbeckia hirta var. pulcherrima upland moist, upland dry full , partial 1.0 - 3.0 Yellow July-August Ferns and Wildflowers Blue Vervain Verbena hastata transitional, upland moist full 2.0 - 5.0 Blue July-Sept Ferns and Wildflowers Bottle Gentian Gentiana andrewsii transitional, upland moist full , partial 1.0 - 2.0 Blue August-Oct Ferns and Wildflowers Broad-leaved Arrowhead Sagittaria latifolia aquatic, transitional full , partial 2.0 - 3.5 White July-August Ferns and Wildflowers Clasping Dogbane Apocynum sibiricum upland moist full 1.0 - 4.0 White May-Sept Ferns and Wildflowers Columbine Aquilegia canadensis upland moist, upland dry full , partial , shade 2.0 - 3.0 Red and yellow May-July Ferns and Wildflowers Common Boneset Eupatorium perfoliatum transitional, upland moist full , partial 2.0 - 4.0 White July-Oct Ferns and Wildflowers Common Marsh Marigold Caltha palustris transitional full , partial , shade 0.5 - 2.0 Yellow-orange April-June Ferns and Wildflowers Giant Goldenrod Solidago gigantea transitional, upland moist full , partial 2.0 - 5.0 Yellow August-Sept Ferns and Wildflowers Golden Alexanders Zizia aurea transitional, upland moist full , partial 1.0 - 3.0 Yellow May-June Ferns and Wildflowers Great Blazing Star Liatris pycnostachya var. pycnostachya transitional, upland moist full , partial 2.0 - 5.0 Rose; lavender July-August Ferns and Wildflowers Long-headed Thimbleweed Anemone cylindrica upland moist, upland dry full 1.0 - 2.0 White June-July Ferns and Wildflowers New England Aster Symphyotrichum novae-angliae transitional, upland moist full , partial 3.0 - 5.0 Violet; blue; pink August-Oct Ferns and Wildflowers Northern Blue Flag Iris versicolor transitional full , partial 1.5 - 3.5 Blue-violet June-July Ferns and Wildflowers Purple Prairie Clover Dalea purpurea var. -
Recommended Native and Adapted Plants for KB Home in Boerne
Recommended Native and Adapted Plants for Boerne Native Plant Society of Texas - Boerne Chapter www.npsot.org/boerne Using native and well-adapted plants to landscape will save time and money. Once established, natives require less water, fertilizer, pesticides, and maintenance than most non-natives. Before buying plants, identify the characteristics of your yard, such as how much morning and afternoon sun or shade you have, available moisture, and drainage. All these will impact plant survival and the plant selections you make. Choose plants that are suited to your site. Use a variety of heights in your design. For example, plant a canopy tree to provide shade. Plant understory (U) trees, shade-loving shrubs, and shade tolerant perennials under existing canopy trees. Not only will your landscape be more appealing, but you will have a better survival rate when you provide some shade for plants that need protection from the blistering Texas sun. Consider leaving any existing native vegetation undisturbed, as these areas will be very low-maintenance, and will help preserve the “Hill Country Heritage” that attracts many people to this area. You may enhance these native areas by adding favorite compatible selections for increased color or wildlife food to attract hummingbirds , butterflies , and songbirds to your yard. In general, avoid acid-living plants as the soil in central Texas is very alkaline. Also, avoid water-requiring plants as the average rainfall in the area is usually only around 30 inches per year. This list includes non-native plants which grow compatibly with drought-tolerant native plants. These are listed because of their hardiness in the Hill Country soil and climate and because of their availability in local nurseries. -
Characterisation of Bacteria Associated with the Root Nodules of Hypocalyptus and Related Genera
Characterisation of bacteria associated with the root nodules of Hypocalyptus and related genera by Chrizelle Winsie Beukes Dissertation submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree Magister Scientiae In the Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa Promoter: Prof. E.T. Steenkamp Co-promoters: Prof. S.N. Venter Dr. I.J. Law August 2011 © University of Pretoria Dedicated to my parents, Hendrik and Lorraine. Thank you for your unwavering support. © University of Pretoria I certify that this dissertation hereby submitted to the University of Pretoria for the degree of Magister Scientiae (Microbiology), has not previously been submitted by me in respect of a degree at any other university. Signature _________________ August 2011 © University of Pretoria Table of Contents Acknowledgements i Preface ii Chapter 1 1 Taxonomy, infection biology and evolution of rhizobia, with special reference to those nodulating Hypocalyptus Chapter 2 80 Diverse beta-rhizobia nodulate legumes in the South African indigenous tribe Hypocalypteae Chapter 3 131 African origins for fynbos associated beta-rhizobia Summary 173 © University of Pretoria Acknowledgements Firstly I want to acknowledge Our Heavenly Father, for granting me the opportunity to obtain this degree and for putting the special people along my way to aid me in achieving it. Then I would like to take the opportunity to thank the following people and institutions: My parents, Hendrik and Lorraine, thank you for your support, understanding and love; Prof. Emma Steenkamp, for her guidance, advice and significant insights throughout this project; My co-supervisors, Prof. -
Conservation Assessment for Iowa Moonwort (Botrychium Campestre)
Conservation Assessment for Iowa Moonwort (Botrychium campestre) Botrychium campestre. Drawing provided by USDA Forest Service USDA Forest Service, Eastern Region 2001 Prepared by: Steve Chadde & Greg Kudray for USDA Forest Service, Region 9 This Conservation Assessment was prepared to compile the published and unpublished information on the subject taxon or community; or this document was prepared by another organization and provides information to serve as a Conservation Assessment for the Eastern Region of the Forest Service. It does not represent a management decision by the U.S. Forest Service. Though the best scientific information available was used and subject experts were consulted in preparation of this document, it is expected that new information will arise. In the spirit of continuous learning and adaptive management, if you have information that will assist in conserving the subject taxon, please contact the Eastern Region of the Forest Service Threatened and Endangered Species Program at 310 Wisconsin Avenue, Suite 580 Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53203. Conservation Assessment for Iowa Moonwort (Botrychium campestre) 2 Table of Contents EXECUTIVE SUMMARY .......................................................................... 4 INTRODUCTION/OBJECTIVES.............................................................. 4 NOMENCLATURE AND TAXONOMY .................................................. 5 DESCRIPTION OF SPECIES .................................................................... 5 LIFE HISTORY........................................................................................... -
An Updated Infrageneric Classification of the North American Oaks
Article An Updated Infrageneric Classification of the North American Oaks (Quercus Subgenus Quercus): Review of the Contribution of Phylogenomic Data to Biogeography and Species Diversity Paul S. Manos 1,* and Andrew L. Hipp 2 1 Department of Biology, Duke University, 330 Bio Sci Bldg, Durham, NC 27708, USA 2 The Morton Arboretum, Center for Tree Science, 4100 Illinois 53, Lisle, IL 60532, USA; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] Abstract: The oak flora of North America north of Mexico is both phylogenetically diverse and species-rich, including 92 species placed in five sections of subgenus Quercus, the oak clade centered on the Americas. Despite phylogenetic and taxonomic progress on the genus over the past 45 years, classification of species at the subsectional level remains unchanged since the early treatments by WL Trelease, AA Camus, and CH Muller. In recent work, we used a RAD-seq based phylogeny including 250 species sampled from throughout the Americas and Eurasia to reconstruct the timing and biogeography of the North American oak radiation. This work demonstrates that the North American oak flora comprises mostly regional species radiations with limited phylogenetic affinities to Mexican clades, and two sister group connections to Eurasia. Using this framework, we describe the regional patterns of oak diversity within North America and formally classify 62 species into nine major North American subsections within sections Lobatae (the red oaks) and Quercus (the Citation: Manos, P.S.; Hipp, A.L. An Quercus Updated Infrageneric Classification white oaks), the two largest sections of subgenus . We also distill emerging evolutionary and of the North American Oaks (Quercus biogeographic patterns based on the impact of phylogenomic data on the systematics of multiple Subgenus Quercus): Review of the species complexes and instances of hybridization. -
Chapter Four: Landscaping with Native Plants a Gardener’S Guide for Missouri Landscaping with Native Plants a Gardener’S Guide for Missouri
Chapter Four: Landscaping with Native Plants A Gardener’s Guide for Missouri Landscaping with Native Plants A Gardener’s Guide for Missouri Introduction Gardening with native plants is becoming the norm rather than the exception in Missouri. The benefits of native landscaping are fueling a gardening movement that says “no” to pesticides and fertilizers and “yes” to biodiversity and creating more sustainable landscapes. Novice and professional gardeners are turning to native landscaping to reduce mainte- nance and promote plant and wildlife conservation. This manual will show you how to use native plants to cre- ate and maintain diverse and beauti- ful spaces. It describes new ways to garden lightly on the earth. Chapter Four: Landscaping with Native Plants provides tools garden- ers need to create and maintain suc- cessful native plant gardens. The information included here provides practical tips and details to ensure successful low-maintenance land- scapes. The previous three chap- ters include Reconstructing Tallgrass Prairies, Rain Gardening, and Native landscapes in the Whitmire Wildflower Garden, Shaw Nature Reserve. Control and Identification of Invasive Species. use of native plants in residential gar- den design, farming, parks, roadsides, and prairie restoration. Miller called his History of Native work “The Prairie Spirit in Landscape Landscaping Design”. One of the earliest practitioners of An early proponent of native landscap- Miller’s ideas was Ossian C. Simonds, ing was Wilhelm Miller who was a landscape architect who worked in appointed head of the University of the Chicago region. In a lecture pre- Illinois extension program in 1912. He sented in 1922, Simonds said, “Nature published a number of papers on the Introduction 3 teaches what to plant. -
Use of Nest and Pollen Resources by Leafcutter Bees, Genus Megachile (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae) in Central Michigan
The Great Lakes Entomologist Volume 52 Numbers 1 & 2 - Spring/Summer 2019 Numbers Article 8 1 & 2 - Spring/Summer 2019 September 2019 Use of Nest and Pollen Resources by Leafcutter Bees, Genus Megachile (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae) in Central Michigan Michael F. Killewald Michigan State University, [email protected] Logan M. Rowe Michigan State University, [email protected] Kelsey K. Graham Michigan State University, [email protected] Thomas J. Wood Michigan State University, [email protected] Rufus Isaacs Michigan State University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://scholar.valpo.edu/tgle Part of the Entomology Commons Recommended Citation Killewald, Michael F.; Rowe, Logan M.; Graham, Kelsey K.; Wood, Thomas J.; and Isaacs, Rufus 2019. "Use of Nest and Pollen Resources by Leafcutter Bees, Genus Megachile (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae) in Central Michigan," The Great Lakes Entomologist, vol 52 (1) Available at: https://scholar.valpo.edu/tgle/vol52/iss1/8 This Peer-Review Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Department of Biology at ValpoScholar. It has been accepted for inclusion in The Great Lakes Entomologist by an authorized administrator of ValpoScholar. For more information, please contact a ValpoScholar staff member at [email protected]. Use of Nest and Pollen Resources by Leafcutter Bees, Genus Megachile (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae) in Central Michigan Cover Page Footnote We thank Katie Boyd-Lee for her help in processing samples, Yajun Zhang for her help with landscape analysis, and Marisol Quintanilla for the use of her microscope to collect images of pollen. We thank Jordan Guy, Gabriela Quinlan, Meghan Milbrath, Steven Van Timmeren, Jacquelyn Albert, and Philip Fanning for their comments while preparing the manuscript. -
A Review for the Pollinators of Papilionaceous Flowers
Turkish Journal of Biodiversity Turk J Biod, March 2021, 4(1): 36-52 https://doi.org/10.38059/biodiversity.814617 Journal homepage: http://turkbiod.artvin.edu.tr/ e-ISSN:2667-4386 http://dergipark.org.tr/biodiversity REVIEW ARTICLE Open Access A review for the pollinators of Papilionaceous flowers Kelebek şeklinde çiçek açan çiçeklerin tozlayıcıları için bir inceleme Deniz AYGÖREN ULUER Ahi Evran University, Çiçekdağı Vocational College, Department of Plant and Animal Production, 40700, Çiçekdağı, Kırşehir, Turkey Article Info ©2021 Ali Nihat Gökyiğit Botanical ABSTRACT Garden Application and Research The evolution of keel flowers within Fabaceae, Polygalaceae and some other clades of angiosperms is Center of Artvin Coruh University. attributed to skilled and strong bees. However, whether this is true or not, is still an open question. Therefore, the literature is surveyed for the Hymenopteran pollinators of keel flowers, for 119 sources Corresponding author and for 112 species, six genera and two tribes for five characters which are the size of the flowers, e-mail: [email protected] Hymenopteran flower visitors/pollinators, size of the Hymenopteran pollinators, pollen and nectar ORCID: 0000-0002-2095-3816 robbers/thieves and size of the Hymenopteran thieves/robbers. The results suggest that Fabales keel Article history flowers are mainly pollinated by long-tongued bees, from Apidae and Megachilidae families; and the Received: October 22, 2020 most common pollinators of the keel flowers are small Megachile and Osmia; medium-sized Apis, Received in revised form: March 29, 2021 Anthophora and Eucera; and large Xylocopa, Bombus and Centris. While the literature suggests that Accepted: March 30, 2021 keel flowers are pollinated by skilled and strong bees, the results of the current review have shown Available online: March 31, 2021 that this is not the whole case in terms of flower size and bee size.