1942• CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 4373 PETIT10NS, ETC. tinsburg Ohio, urging the enactment of Sen­ The VICE PRESIDENT. The clerk ate bill 860, to prohibit liquor and prostitu­ will call the roll. Under clause 1 of rule XXII, petitions tion around military and naval establish­ - and papers were laid on the Clerk's desk ments; to the Committee on Military Affairs. · The Chief Clerk called the roll,. and the and referred as follows: 2854. By Mr. MURDOCK: Memorial of the following Senators answered . to their 2841. By Mr COLE of New York: Petition State of Arizona, objecting to legislation by names: of ·sundry citizens of Corning, N. Y., express­ Congress for the taxing of municipal bonds; Aiken George Nye ing approval of House bill 6486, which pro­ to the Committee on Ways and Means. Andrews Gerry O'Daniel 2855. By Mr. ROLPH: Resolution of the Austin Gillette OMahoney vides for a salary increase for certain post- Bailey Glass Overton . office employees; to the Committee on the . Musicians' Union, Local No. 6, American Fed­ Ball Green Pepper Post Office and Post Roads. eration of Musicians, San Francisco, Calif., Bankhead Guffey Radcliffe 284~. By Mr THOMAS F. FORD: Resolution . relative to House bill 6486, a bill to increase Barkley Gurney Reynolds of the boa]'d of direct ors, Metropolitan Water the salaries of certain postal employees; to Bilbo Hatch Rosier District Southern California, urging that the the Committee on the Post Office and Post Bone Hayden . Russell Roads. · Brewster Hill Schwartz existing situation on the Colorado River at Brooks Holman Smathers Needles, Calif., be investigated and action 2856. By the SPEAKER: Petition of the Brown Hughes Smith taken to remedy the flood conditions on that Texas Weights and Measures Association. Aus­ Bulow Johnson, Calif. Spencer river; to the Committee on Flood Control. tin, Tex., petitioning consideration of their Bunker Kilgore Stewart 2843. By Mr. HEIDINGER: Petition signed resolution with reference to House bill 6784, Burton La Follette Taft by R. Cannon and sundry members of the relative to weights and measures; to the Butler Langer ·Thomas, Okla. Byrd Lee · Tobey McCabe Baptist Church· at Flora, Ill., urging Committee on Coinage, Weights, and Meas­ Capper Lucas Truman the passage of Senate bill 860 as a contribu­ ures. Caraway 11.1:cCarran Tunnell tion to our national defense; to the Com­ Chandler McFarland Tydings mittee on Military Affairs. Chavez McKellar Vandenberg 2844. Also, petition signed by 0. D. Rise and Clark, Idaho McNary Van Nuys .()3 other citizens of Harrisburg, Ill., requesting SENATE Clark, Mo. Maloney Wagner · Connally Maybank Walsh the passage of Senate bill 860; to the Com­ Danaher Mead Wheeler mittee on Military Affairs. · WEDNESDAY, MAY 20, 1942 Davis Mlllikin White 2845. Also petition of Mrs. C. L. Swinney Doxey Murdock Wiley and 65 other residents of Eldorado, Ill., re­ (Legislative day of Friday, May 1,5, 1942) Ellender Norris Willis questing the passage of Senate bill 860 as a contribution to our national defense; to the The Senate met at 12 o'clock meridian, Mr. HILL. I announce that the Sena­ Committee on Military Affairs. on the expiration of the recess. tor from Iowa [Mr. HERRING], the Sena­ 2846. Also, petition signed by Sarah G. Rev. Howard Stone Anderson, D. r>., tor from Montana [Mr. MURRAY], the Johnston and sundry other citizens of Albion, pastor, First Congregational Church, Senator from Utah [Mr. THOMAS], and Ill., urging the passage of Senate bill 860 as a Washington, D. C., offered the following the Senator from Washington [Mr. contribution to our national defense; to the prayer: WALLGREN] are necessarily absent from Committee on Military Affairs. the Senate. 2847. Also, resolution adopted by the mem­ Our Heavenly Father:· Again we pause to acknowledge our dependence upon The Senator from California [Mr. bership of the Mill Shoals Baptist Church, of DowNEY] is detained on official business Mill Shoals, TIL, presented by B. B. Dame, Thee, the Author and Sustainer of life clerk of said church, opposing the manufac­ and the Giver of every good and perfect in his State. ture and sale of alcohol for beverage purposes gift. Purify our hearts with Thy love; The Senator from Colorado [Mr. JoHN­ for and during the duration of the war, as a illumine our minds with Thy wisdom; SON] has been called out of the city on part of our national defense program; to the important public business. Committee on Military Affairs. fire our hearts with cel~stial flames of Mr. AUSTIN. The Senator from New 2848. By Mr. LAMBERTSON: Petition of faith. Jersey [Mr. BARBOUR] is absent because John W. Keller and 200 other residents of the We commend to Thy loving care our of illness. city of Topeka, Kans., appealing for legisla­ sons who have gone forth to serve their The Senator from New Hampshire tion which will provide the largest possible country and the cause of freedom on protection for the men in our Army and land and sea and in the air. Sbield. them [Mr. BRIDGES] is absent as a result of an Navy against the insidious influence of vice from danger; keep them strong and injury and illness. and intoxicating liquors, and urging the pas­ steadfast; give them courage and chiv­ The Senator from Massachusetts [Mr. sage of Senate bill 860, the Sheppard bill, at LODGE], the Senator from Kansas [Mr. an early date; to the Committee on Military alry; inspire them with devotion to the REED], and the Senator from Idaho [Mr. Affairs. cause to which they are offering their THoMAs] are necessarily absent. 2849. Also, petition of the Thompsonville lives, and help them to achieve a just and The Senator from Minnesota [Mr. Methodist Church, Perry, Kans., and 53 resi­ lasting peace for the whole world. Hold dents of Perry, appealing for legislation to in Thy holy, tender keeping all those dear SHIPSTEAD] is absent because of illness protect our boys and men from insidious to them whom they have left behind. in his family. forces of vice and intoxication, especially in We pray for the President of these The VICE PRESIDENT. Eighty-four securing the passage of Senate bill 860, the United States, the Members of the Con­ Senators have answered to their names. ~eppard bill, at an early date; to the A quorum l.s present. Committee on Military Affairs. gress, and for all in our Government upon 2850. Also, petition of Rev. H. P. Basquin whom responsibility rests. We pray for AGRICULTURAL DEPARTMENT APPROPRI­ and 37 other residents of Williamsburg, the leaders and people of every nation ATIONS Kans., appealing for legislation which will upon the face of the earth. Open their The Senate resumed the consideration provide the largest possible protection for the minds toward Thee, that, at last, Thy of the bill Michigan with W. Mr. BARKLEY. I appreciate the [Mr. . VANDENBERG] also paid tribute to The report of the Senator from Ken­ statement of the Senator. the confidence the Senate has in DAVE tucky makes it perfectly obvious· that The Senator has mentioned Mr. Morris WALSH. · there has been subornation of perjury, Ernst, whom I do not know. I know In closing my brief remarks I simp1y to which the trial judge himself, in view that there is such a lawyer. · I was told desire to say that DAVE WALSH is and has . of the statement from the trial judge by a certain person that he had been in­ been my friend of many years standing . quoted in the New York paper, must have formed that Ernst sat oli the bench with in my birth State .of Massachusetts, and, been a party. I think he should be sum­ the judge in Brooklyn who tried the case. to me, it is terrible that this thing could moned to the bar of the Senate to ascer­ I asked the Attorney General about it, have happened to him and to the Sen­ tain whether he was a party to suborna­ and he said that that statement was in­ ate of the United States, through the tion of perjury. correct; that sometime during this epi­ calumny and abuse of this vermin group In addition, I think that the great re­ sode, when these statements were being in Brooklyn, N.Y., and in New York City. former, Morris Ernst, who sat with the made, Mr. Ernst was present as attorney To my mind come the words of Ed­ trial judge in the trial of the case, and for the New York Post. I am informed mund Spenser, written many years ago . who afterward brought these charges to that he is the attorney for the New York with reference to the fact that in the end Washington, as I ur derstand, in an effort Post, and that he was supposed to be justice will make her own cause right: to smear the Senator from Massachu­ present in his capacity as attorney, prob­ It often falls in course of common life setts, should be brought to the bar of the ably to determine whether the statements That right long time is overborne of Senate. If there is a conspiracy or an should be published. I do not know what wrong, organized effort, as has appeared from happened, but that is the information I Through avarice, or power, or guilt, or strife, have. Which weal\:ens that, and makes this power time to time, to smear Members of the strong. Senate and the House who do not hap­ Mr. CLARK of Missouri. Mr. Presi­ But justice, though her doom she do pro­ pen to agree with certain newspapers dent: may I ask the Senator another long, on public questions, the people should question?.· · Yet at the last will make her own c·ause know it. Mr. BARKLEY. I yield. right. 1942 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 4377 Justice is making her own cause right Mr. WHEELER. Yes; as the Senator the position I took before we got into in the incident before us this morning, suggests, the scum of the earth. this war. I know that there is not a and the Senate of the United States, both It is reported that Judge Leibowitz said Member of the-senate, and I do not think parties, all groups, and all thoughts will to Beekman, after the latter was con­ there is a Member of the House of Rep­ join with the senior Senator from Ken­ victed: resentatives, who does not want to do tucky in helping justice make her own The- defendant's fate lies in his own hands. everything he possibly can and humanly cause right in the present instance. If he assists us and tells the truth and makes can do to aid in the winning of this war More power to the Senator from Ken­ a clean breast of his activities and those in in the shortest possible time. Yet anum­ tucky; we join with him in solid phalanx connection with them, and if he uncovers the ber of persons constantly attack Mem­ to vindicate the good name of DAVE whole spy ring with which he was connected, bers of the Senate who disagreed with WALSH and the State of Massachusetts the court will give him extreme leniency. If them prior to Pearl Harbor, and then and the Senate of the United States. he fails to tell the truth, I will give him the maximum of 20 years. they say they want to bring about unity Mr. BARKLEY. I thank the Senator in this country. for his remarks. I should state, if I have In other words, if this man does not Unity in the country under those cir­ not already done so, that in all the state­ make a statement detailing what Judge cumstances. ments made by these various persons to Leibowitz and the New York Post want, he I hold in my hand an advertisement the Federal Bureau of Investigation and will be given 20 years. which appeared in the New York Herald the special agents sent to Brooklyn, all Some Members of the Senate have Tribune. The headline reads as follows: of ·them stated, as will be shown, that been prosecuting attorneys, as I have Will you help stop votes for Hitler? they made those statements freely, with­ been. How many Members of the Senate out coercion and without influence or who have prosecuted cases would believe The advertisement says: pressure brought to bear upon them to under oath a man who was running a Join us today- make such statements. I think that house of degradation-the very scum of and is signed by a committee of­ should be stated. the earth? How many decent men or Mr. WHEELER. Mr. President, will women would take his word if he should Citizens for Victory. National headquar­ the Senator yield? attempt to smear a Member of the United ters, 8 West Fortieth Street, New York, N. Y. Mr. BARKLEY. I yield. State Senate, a man who has been The advertisement contains an appeal Mr. WHEELER. I understand that elected by the people of the great State for money with which to carry on their even after the Federal Bureau of Investi­ of Massachusetts at least five different campaign. I am not up for election, so gation made the investigation-! was told times, if my recollection serves me cor­ it does not affect me; but they are asking this yesterday-the New York Post sub­ rectly, and who has been Governor of his money with which to carry on a cam­ sequently published a statement to the State and Lieutenant Governor of his paign against candidates, whether Demo­ effect that this same man-Beekman­ State? crat or Republican, who do not agree had retracted the statement which he Yet this newspaper, the New York Post, with the views of this committee. If a had made to the F. B. I.; they asserted publishes the statement of a man such as candidate does not agree with this or­ Beekman said he was forced to make a Beekman all over the country, attempt­ ganization which is raising money to new statement by the F. B. I. This ing to give the aura of credibility and carry out their purpose, that candidate is shows, in my judgment, the viciousness honesty to the words of a man whom no to be guillotined; in their judgment that of the Ne\\'1 York Post in attempting to honest and decent man would believe un­ candidate is not an American, that can­ continue to smear the Senator even after der oath, and whom no competent official didate must not hold public office. The the F. B. I. made an impartial investi­ could believe unless supported by over­ effrontery of these people, these people gation. I am also informed that when whelming evidence. who are the same people who were mem- the man· Beekman first made the affi­ Some people approve official action to . bers of the Fighi for Freedom group and davit, it was made at approximately 12 halt publication of some newspapers in similar groups, who also raised money to o'clock at night; and I also desire to call the name of unity. I say to the Members carry on a program a few months ago the Senate's attention to the . fact that of the Senate that this newspaper, the before Pearl Harbor to bring this country the New York Post boasts of its part in New York Post, and some other news­ into war. this sordid affair---1 hold in my hand a papers of similar character are doing I say that, in. my judgment, it is not copy of the New York Post-in this man­ more to promote disunity in the United only an attack upon Senator WALSH, but ner: States of America and they are doing if the Members of the Senate had per­ When the notorious Beekman case is prose­ more to break down the confidence of the mitted those responsible to get away with cuted in Brooklyn County Court next week people in the Government of the United a smear upon Senator WALSH, it would it will involve one of the highest ranking States than anything that could be done only have b"een a question of time before legislators in the country. wittingly by anyone. In one breath the they would have tried to smear and Then the New York Post continues: New York Post shouts about democracy frame every ·Member of the Senate who The first mention of the sensational Beek­ and the need to fight for it all over the had the courage to stand up in the Sen­ man case in which a United States Senator world, and yet at the same time it is do­ ate and vote his convictions. is linked with a Nazi spy ring, appeared in ing more to tear down democracy and to This is not a personal matter as to one the Lion's.Den, thus registering another scoop stir up racial and religious hatreds in the Senator; it is a question of whether the for the Post's scintillating columnist. . United States than any individual or Members of the Senate shall permit indi­ group of individuals could possib y do. If viduals to hold up to ridicule Members Then there appears a photostat. a newspaper should be stopped because of the Senate, to intimate that Members The newspaper says: it spreads disunity or is detrimental to of the Senate are traitors to their coun­ The jury wa£ out 50 minutes when the the waging of war, certainly the New try, to assert that they are guilty of the verdict of guilty was announced. Judge York Post, which was aided financially lowest kind of degradation that could be Leibowitz said in_ part- by the Federal Reserve bank, should come imagined by the human mind. And then the Post explains that Judge under the ban of the Government of the , I agree that to bring the owner of this. Leibowitz knew that a Senator was in­ United States. newspaper and those responsible for this volved. Of course, he knew that a Sen­ I agree with the Senator from Missouri outrage to the bar of this Senate would ator was involved. All he had to do was that this matter should not stop here. be far too easy on them. We should not to read the New York Post which had Some persons may say, "Well, it involves let them off so lightly. Certainly some­ carried this story saying that a Senator only one Senator." No; that is not cor­ thing should be done about this matter. was going to be involved. I call atten­ rect. Let me say that, in my judgment, If a Federal judge, for example, were in­ tion to the fact that the man to whom this is a diabolical attempt on the part volved, I would say that he should be the judge spoke had been running a of certain individuals in the city of New impeached. I &hould say that any Fed­ house of degradation, .and, therefore, he York to smear every Member of the Sen­ eral judge who made such a statement, was one of the lowest types of individuals ate of the United States who has dis­ under the conditions this man made it, who could possibly be found on earth. agreed with them on matters of foreign should be impeached by the Congress -of Mr. TOBEY. The scum of the earth. policy. I have no apologies to make for the United States. I doubt if there is a 4378 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE ·· MAY 20 man in this body who would not vote for Then ,comes in quotation . marks this . for the common defense in relat ion to the impeachment. statement: sale of alcoholic liquors .to the memb3rs o.f the land and naval forces of the United I say that all those who are involved in The American Senate must be taught the States. and to provide for the suppression of this conspiracy-for it is a conspiracy- facts of life. • • • The important thing vice in the vicinity of military camps and should be prosecuted, and the lawyer, is to put an end to criticism of the Roose- naval establishm~ts; ordered to lie on the whoever he may be'-if the story is true velt administration by whatever means may table. that the lawyer urged·Beekman to make be necessary. Be as ruthless as the enemy. -the statement-ought to be disbarred. • • Get him ·on his income tax or the PROHIBITION OF LIQUOR SALES AND Mr. BARKLEY. Mr. President, I wish Mann Act. • • ' • Hang him, shoot him, . SUPPRESSION OF VICE AROUND MILI- to state that the lawyer referred to, or lock him up in a concentr'ation camp. TARY CAMP8-PETITION whose name I could not recall a moment Let me say a further word. I should Mr. CAPPER. Mr. President, I a~k ago, was one Mr. Harvey L. Strelzin. He like to join with the Senator from Mis­ unanimous consent to present a petition is the man who represented Beekman, souri and others in the insistence that signed by 158 citizens of Kansas C~ty, -and. wrote. the affidavit which Beekman we not let this matter drop here. I am Kans., urging the enactment of Senate said he had not read, which was not read sure that reasonable inquiry by the Sen- .bill 860. I ask that the body of-the peti:­ . to him, and. which he does not recall ate will reveal the existence in this coun- tion, without the signatures, be printe~ . having sworn to. try of a secret society that has been en- in the RECORD and that the petition be In regard to the New .York newspa- gaged for the last 2 years in an under- appropriately referred . . pers, I think, in fairness, it ought to be taking to gather such information as There being no objection, the petition said that, so far as I know, the Post' is would permit the smearing of individual . was ordered to lie on the table and to be the only New York newspaper that car- Members of the Senate. . I have in my printed in the RECORD, without the sig­ ried this particular story. possession information that goes directly natures attached, as follows: · Mr. WHEELER. Walter Winchell, to the existence of such a society, and I To the M€mbers of the Senate and House of who, as has been said, wears a Navy uni- hope, not now-for this is not the time R epresentativ es of tlJ,e Congress of the form, both wrote in his newspaper col- to be doing it, I know-but before we United States: umn and made a statement over the radio are done with this thing, I hope the Sen- Whereas in the War Act of 1917 the Con­ saying that the name of the man involved ate will provide for a study of the motives gress of the United Stat~s included_ legisla­ tion forbidding the exploitation of the men begfi,n with the twenty-third letter of the lying back of this experience which has in the Army and Navy by liquor and com­ alphabet. He did not know, apparently, befallen a very respected Member of this -mercialized vice, even though liquor was then or care, that there are seven Members of body. forbidden in any military unit; and .the Senate whose names begin with that · Mr. WHEELER. Mr. President, when . Whereas in the Selective Service Act the .letter. . Here is. a man-Winchell-who .the Senator from KentuckY, our leader, Congress of 1940 called the -young men of -is just as contemptible as those connected was speaking he said he knew of no other the present time to train. for defense of our with this' affair, in my judgment. He newspaper in the city of Ne.w York,. or Nation, if need be, and there now exists for .wears a naval uniform as a commander in the country, which mentioned this these young men _defenders no defense from the activities of what Gen. George C. Mar­ in the Navy, and yet he does not dare to article. I think it is true that no other shall, Chief of Staff of · the Army of the show his face in public in Washington newspaper carried the story, but I should United States, r"eferred ·to as "a sordid busi­ because of the libel suits already pending like to call attention to the fact that ness for the accumulation of money," namely, _against him. Mar~hall Field's PM, in the city of New the traffic in alcoholic beverages, .and since Mr. BARKLEY. I was speaking of Yvrk, did say that the Senator mentioned beer. is now sold in the camps by Govern­ newspapers and not radio commentators, in this story, known as S2natot X, was ment authority, and since commercialized because I do not listen to all of them. Senator . WALSH. They did not dare to prostitution in camp areas threatens health, 'morals, a·nd efficiency of service: Now there­ I wish also to state fo; the record that carry the story, but they did carry in their fore the agents of the F. B. I. who made this· newspaper the statement that the myste­ We, the undersigned citizens of- Kansas investigation were Mr. R. A. NewbY, Mr. rious Senator X was Senator WALSH, of City; State of Kansas, do · respectfully peti­ H. 0. Hawkins, Mr. A. F. Spigner, and ·Massachusetts. tion you to vote for S. 860, as a contribution other spe9ial agents. Mr. Newby came .COMPENSATION FOR OVERTIME WORK to a wholesome defense· program and a - re­ here yesterda.y..with the Attorney General . OF PER ANNUM GOVERNMENti'AL · EM- ' .enactment .of -legislation_simillir -to ..that . of ~ when he called upon me- and . gave ·me ; PLOYEES .- 1917 and- l>Q .give to the ~" young nien of 1942 .these papers. the protection their· fathers had in 19l ~· I thank the Senator from. Wyoming for irhe VICE PRESIDENT laid befci're the REPORTS .OF COMMI~ES " . his courtesy in yielding to .me in order ·senate a letter from the Civil Service . that· I might make this statemeht. There Commissioners, transmitting a diaft of T-he following reports of committees is nothing further now that I wish to· say . proposed legislation purposing to pro­ .were submitted: · about i.t. . . 'vide a greater degree of uniformity and By Mr. CONNALLY, froin th'e Committee on . Mr. NYE. Mr. President, will the sen- ·equity in the c.o;mpemsation: of tbe per Foreign ·Rela-tions-:· - _ . S. J. Res. 140. Joint resolution granting .per­ ator from Wyoming yield to me? - ·annum 'empioy.ees of the G.overnment for _mission to Hugh S. pumtp.ing, Surgeon Gen:­ Mr. O'MAHONEY. I yield to. the Sen._ ·overtime work, which, with. an aecom.:. ~ral (retired) or · the United Sta,tes Public ·ator· from North Dakota. · ·panying-paper, was referred to the Com- He_s;lth Servic~ , :to accept certa_in decorations . Mr. NYE-. Mr. Pr-esident; at the time mittee on Civil Service. -- · best~wed lJ,p_on him by the ~epublics of po­ -the Senator· from· MiSSouri: r:Mr. CLARK] · ·PETITIONS AND MEMORIALS lombla~ · Haiti, ~ and ··chile'; · ~ithout amend:. ment.-' ..... :was on the floGr -I sought ·to interrupt to y • • .the end ·that there infght ·be-- a. · clarifica~ - Petitions, etc,, were presented and re·:. By Mr: · HA 'l'CH, . from :the Committ'ee ·, on tioii of cert'ahi language ·that.' had been ' ·ferred" as indiGa-ted: .. Agriculture ·and Forestry·: - · · · - · · · · :: iCR-.-5.636.· A · bili tO -expedite \the settle­ 'resorted at di-nner of '-:the I • -_ • -By ;Mr: TY:DINGS: -' _-: . . .. to- a· so-called -~ ment' of· claims· and accounts incident: to overseas writer-s in Washington.' Fer the ' . Peti~ions, _ - n~mEn: ousiy - s}g~ed,~ 0~ :· SUndr-y I . . :citizens 6!-the·state:-of·.Mar.yland, praying- for certain agricul ~ura . a-djust:inen-~ ~progr~ms, purpose of the : record, ' I -· am· sure · -we .tl!e e1_18,ctment. ot tne :.bUl _(s .. 860) ·to; provide .an-d f-or other-pur-poses; without amendment' ~should have: as reported;. tbe 'language . for th:e common. def~ns~ in re_lJ~-~ion ~ ~0 .tlle -(Rep.t. No. 1-359) .' · · .- : --··: . ·• • -.. _- · · that was used by at least ~ o'ne r'of the -sale .of- alcoholic _liquors _te the m;em~ers .of . . By ·r.;ir.. ~ BB.OWN. ~ 'fronf 'tlie- Committee . on ·speakers at that oahqtiet oh that evening: ·the land and naval forces of the United llanki:rig and ·currency:··- · · · · . It was reported on March 30 in the Time·s- ·states ' and to p}:-pvide for the suppression of H. :R ." 7008': A ·bill to authorize the Recon~ Herald; of \Vashlngton, :D. c.: by John :vice in the vicinity of militiny 'camps and struction Finance Corporation to issue notes, :O'Donnell in ·his column entitled "Capital ·naval establishments;· oi.·dered tb lie on the bonds, and debentures in the sum of :. $5,­ -00.0,000,000 in excess of ·existing authority~ ;stu:tf," and he said: :table. By Mr. AIKEN: . with amendment_s (Rept. No. 1361) . . . . The signiflmint point is that such potent The petition of Rev. Frank W. Grippin, By Mr. McNARY, from the Committee on Roosevelt advisers as· Supreme Court' Justice minister of tne First Methodist Church, an·d ·commerce: · · · · · · Felix Frankfurter and the paid personnel of · ·60 other citizens, all of Rutland~ Vt.,·praying s. Res. 233. Resolution for an h:iquiry ·rela.:. the official propaganda agencies - applauded for the prompt ·. enactment of the ·so-called tive ·to the training of air pilots for military lustily such declarations a!i- - ·Sheppard bill; the bill (S. 860) to provide an·d· naval service ('submitted by Mr. BROOKS 1942 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 4379 on March 31, 1942); with an amendment; and, the subject First Things . First, delivered two Houses thereon, and that Mr. MAY, under the rule, referred to the Committee to by him before the Service Club of Wausau, Mr. THOMASON, Mr. HARTER, Mr. ANDREWS, Audit and Control the pontingent Expenses Wis .. on May 4, 1942, which appears in the of the Senate. Appendix.] and Mr. SHORT were appointed managers on the part of the House at the con· HAROLD SINGER SYNTHETIC THINKERS--ADDRESS BY ference. Mr. LUCAS. Mr. President, from the SENATOR WILEY The message further announced that Committee to Audit · and Control the [Mr. WILEY asked and obtained leave to the House had disagreed to the amend­ Contingent Expenses of the Senate I re­ have printed in the RECORD an address en­ ment of the Senate to the bill duction as a part of the satisfied with perfection. Therefore, it lished by Congress on wheat, corn, cotton, campaign of "food for freedom." It is is said that when Senators, such as the hogs, cattle, and all American commodities. proposed by the Department of Agricul­ Senator from Iowa [Mr. GILLETTE], the Also have many friends send similar tele­ ture that the area devoted to the produc­ Senator from Georgia [Mr. RussELL], the grams to Senators. This is in accordance with declaration adopted at special meeting, tion of corn be increased from something Senator from Alabama [Mr. BANKHEAD], national association, Washington, May 5, 6, over 87,000,000 acres to at least 92,000,000, and the Senator from Oklahoma [Mr. and 7. I am sending this telegram to all and probably to 95,000,000 acres. I have THOMAS], and all the ·other Senators who our members. in my hand a statement which was pre­ have constituted the so-called farm R. A. TROVATTEN, pared for me by the Department of bloc-! almost used the word "greedy" President, National Association, Com­ Agriculture showing the goals for all in connection with it--are defending the missioners, Secretaries, and Direc­ these agricultural commodities, and with agricultural industry and asking for tors of Agriculture. respect to corn the goal is 108 percent of parity, or 110 percent of parity; they are r Mr. O'MAHONEY. Mr. President, I the 1941 acreage. asking for something more than perfec­ desire to address myself briefly to the It seems to me, Mr. President, to be tion. We know that that is not the fact. subject matter which is before the Sen­ perfectly logical that if the Department We know, and the records show, that the ate, namely, the amendment which has of Agriculture wants the corn farmers of farmer, the producer, does not receive been brought in by the committee, and the United States to increase the num­ more than 50 percent of the consumer's modified upon the floor, with respect to ber of acres devoted to the production of dollar. the disposal of certain surplus farm com­ corn by at least 8 percent over 1941, it is Mr. RUSSELL. Mr. President­ modities, and the substitute amendment . only a perfectly reasonable request upon The PRESIDlNG OFFICER · (Mr. which was presented yesterday by the the part of the representatives of the McFARLAND in the chair). Does the Sen­ senior Senator from Oklahoma [Mr. corn farmers that the Government shall ator from Wyoming yield to the Senator JI'HOMAsl. It is my purpose to express, not use its surplus supply of wheat to from Georgia? at least in summary form, the reasons drive down the price of corn. Mr. O'MAHONEY. I yield. for my belief that the amendment of There is no question that that would Mr. RUSSELL. I should like to see the the Senator from Oklahoma, rather than be the result. The committee recognized figures which the Senator from Wyo­ the committee amendment, should be it. The action of the chairman of the ming has by which he can prove that the agreed to. subcommittee, in offering to the commit­ farmer receives 50 percent of the con­ In general outlines, of course, the stQI'y tee amendment the proviso that wheat sumer's dollar. of the committee amendment is perfectly shall not be sold for less than 85 percent Mr. O'MAHONEY. I said the farmer well known to all Members of the Sen­ of corn parity, is in itself an acknowl­ does not receive more than 50 percent ate. The very lucid and eloquent ad­ edgment that the result of the proposed of the consumer's dollar.· dress delivered yesterday by the Senator campaign would be to depress the price Mr. RUSSELL. I have never been able from Iowa [Mr. GILLETTE] made clear of corn, and the explanation of the pro­ to see how the farmer received any­ most of the reasons why many Senators posed amendment is that it is to prevent where near 25 percent. He receives a feel that the Commodity Credit Corpora­ the decrease going below 85 percent. It larger proportion of the consumer's dol- tion should not be given the power to sell is argued that that is a permissible de­ . lar in the case of beef, I think, than in wheat in competition with corn. crease in the price of corn, because, it is the case of almost ariy other commodity, , When this matter was before the sub­ said, the prcducer of corn will be recom- · but when-it comes to such commodities committee of the Committee on Appro­ pensed by parity payments out of the as cotton and wheat the farmer does priations dealing with the agricultural Treasury. In that very argument lies the not get 12 percent of ftle consumer's appropriation bill, I suggested an amend­ heart of this whole problem. dollar. ment, which was not adopted by "the The agricultural industry of America Mr; O'MAHONEY. The Senator from committee. The amendment provided has been steadily declining for more than Georgia is quite correct. There is no that wheat should not be sold for feed 50 years. In 1880, the rural population question about that. With respect to in competition with corn in such manner of the United States represented almost certain commodities, such a.s cotton and or at such price as to depress the market 75 percent of the total population. To­ wheat, the farmer does not get so large price of corn. day it represents less than 23 percent of - a percentage of the consumer's dollar. ·I 1942 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 4381 have before me the statistics covering all ing is that, with every other element of pending before the Senate, the Senator agricultural products, as prepared by the cost steadily increasing, and the farmer's from Wyoming offered an amendment Bureau of Agrjcultural Economics for all share of the consumer's dollar below 50 to compel a revision of the method of the years from 1913 down to and includ­ percent, in spite of everything the Gov­ computing the parity prices. He did not ing 1941. In 1913, according to this ernment has done to carry· out this pro­ have a more zealous and earnest sup­ statement, the farmer's share of the con­ gram, he has not received parity for the porter of that amendment than the Sen­ sumer's food dollar for 58 foods was 53 commodities with which we are dealing. ator from Georgia. If the Senator will percent. -In 1941 it was 48 percent. I now yield to the Senator from Iowa. recall, when the bill was on its final pas­ During all that period of years the high­ Mr. GILLETTE. Mr. President, I sage and his provision had been done est :figure I -:find is for the year 1917, when merely wanted to supplement the very to death in the conference room. I Tas the farmer's share of the consumer's illuminating argument the Senator from one of the 13 or 14 Senators who vot(;d dollar was 60·percent. In all other years, W'yoming is making by calling attention against the bill in its entirety because as the Senator from-Iowa [Mr. GILLETTE] to the fact that the Federal Trade Com­ I thought we were abandonlng the one pointed out so well yesterday when he mission for a 2-year period conducted a chance we had when we were dealing quoted from the letter of the Secretary of study into the share of the consumer's - with the proposition of prices as a.n over­ Agriculture, the principal burden upon dollar which the farmer received, and, all thing to see that the farmer was the consumer comes from the cost of based on that study, made a report to the done a greater share of justice in the processing and distributing. Those are Congress in which it is shown that on computation of parity. I was one of factors in the agricultural problem to the basis of 100 commodities the farmer's that small group which went down in the which we are paying little attention. share was an average of 43 percent, last avalanche of votes which adopted the Mr. President, it is not only true that which is well under the 50-percent figure price-control bill. Certainly I have no the farmer's share of the consumer's to which the Senator has alluded. quarr~l with that part of the Senator's dollar is less than 50 percent, but it is also I also wish to refer to a table to which argument. I heartily concur in the be­ true that wages on the farm have during I alluded yesterday showing the per­ lief that the parity prices of practi­ this period been constl:j,ntly increasing, centage of national income which was cally all farm commodities today are but, though they have been increasing received by the farming communities entirely too low when they are considered upon the farm, they have not been in­ over the period of years from 1909 to 1941. in the light of the profits which accrue creasing in anything like the degree in It shows a substantial decline in the to producers in industry. Unfortunately which factory wages have been 'increas­ farmers' percentage of national income. this is an appropriation bill. We might ing. In the period from 1909 to 1918 the farm differ with respect to the manner of In the preparation of this table the population's share of the national in­ arriving at the present parity prices, but Bureau of Agricultural Economics took come ran from 16 to 18 or 19 percent, if the Senator has any suggestion as to the period from 1910 to 1914 as the base and from 1920 it has steadily declined, the way in which we can force a higher period representing 100 for both wages until in 1941 . it is less than 6 perc·ent, parity price, or a parity price that will on the farm and factory wages. That being 5.8 percent of the national income. be more nearly adjusted to the theory is the base }Jeriod for the computation of There has been a steady decline in the of parity, a more true parity, certainly parity. Observe what the story is. farm population's share of the national I shall be happy . to j-oin the' Senator in Farm wage rates in the period 1910-14 income over that -period of 25 years. any effort to that end. stood at 100. In 1941 they stood at 154. Mr. O'MAHONEY. The Senator's :fig­ Mr. O'MAHONEY. I am very happy Factory wages per employed worker, ures,· I take it, are based upon the re­ that the Senator has interrupted me to 1910-14, were 100, and for 1941 were 262.9. ceipts of the farmer, less Government make that statement. · I am r.eady to We find the farmer's position to be subsidies. acknowledge that the farmer has never that he is receiving less than 50 percent Mr. GILLETTE. Yes. I will also state had a better or more effective champion of the consumer's dollar, that farm that the same table contains the state­ on the floor of the Senate or in its com­ wages, involving the problem of labor, ment by years from 1923 to 1941, with the mittees than the distinguished Senator are constantly increasing, but increas­ Government subsidies, the conservation from Georgia. ing at a disproportionate rate with wages and the parity payments, added, show­ Mr. RUSSELL. I thank the Senator. in other industries, and that the farmer ing that in 1941 the agricultural popu­ Mr. O'MAHONEY. I know of no Sena­ does not yet have i.Jarity in the market lation received the stupendous share of tor who understands the problem bet­ places on the commodities which are 6.6 percent of the national income. ter than does the Senator from G2orgia, under consideration here. Mr. O'MAHONEY. I thank the Sen­ or who can more effectively defend Mr. GILLETTE. Mr. President, will ator from Iowa. the farmer's position. He has always the Senat,or yield? Mr. HATCH. Mr. President, will the done so. Mr. O'MAHONEY. I yield. Senator yield? However, I do not rise today to argue Mr. GILLETTE. Before the Senator Mr. O'MAHONEY. I yield. the question of a higher parity price, be­ proceeds to another phase of the dis­ Mr. HATCH. Will the Senator advise cause I recognize the fact that we are cussion I wonder if I can supplement the me of the date of the :figures he has just now involved in a very serious war. figures to which he has just referred. given of the percentage of parity at What I have said thus far has been Mr. O'MAHONEY. Before the Sena­ which certain farm commodities wete merely by way of summary for the pur­ tor interrupts me to do that I simply selling? poses of the RECORD, so that the argu­ wish to point out that on April 15, 1942, Mr. O'MAHONEY. The :figures I last· ment I am now about to make will be 'wheat was selling at 75 percent of parity, · gave are as of April 15, 1942. more understandable to those who are corn was selling at 82 percent of parity, Mr. HATCH. Does the Senator have not quite so familiar as is the Senator oats were selling at 86 percent of parity, the percentage of parity at which pork from Georgia with the fundamentals of beans at 87 percent of parity, and butter products were sold on that date? the farm problem. fat at 93 percent of parity. In order to Mr. O'MAHONEY. Hogs were.sold at Mr. RUSSELL. I am happy to have feed chickens it is desired to depress the 123 percent of parity. interrupted the Senator if my interrup­ price of corn, and chickens were selling Mr. RUSSELL. Mr. President-­ tion provoked the · compliment, which I on that date· at 107 percent of parity. The PRESIDlNG OFFICER (Mr. deeply appreciate. However, the question Mr. President, I come from a cattle­ ·DOXEY in th.e chair). Does the Senator of what is parity for the several com­ growing State, a livestock State, and I from Wyoming yield to the Senator from modities undoubtedly does control the am very glad 1K> he able to say that the Georgia? proportion of the total income of the prices of livestock are now well above Mr. O'MAHONEY. I yield. United States received by the farmers. parity. Beef is 131 percent of parity, Mr. RUSSELL. If I correctly under­ Both the Senator from Iowa and the veal calves 120 percent of parity, and stand the argument of the Senator from Senator from Wyoming have referred to Iambs 142 percent of parity. Of course, Wyoming and the Senator from Iowa it the pathetically small proportion of the as I have frequently pointed out hereto­ is to the effect that parity prices, as at total income which the farmers of the fore, the parity period of 1914 for the present fixed, are too low. I may say Nation receive. livestock industry was a particularly de­ that I heartily concur in that opinion. Mr. O'MAHONEY. I think that any­ pressed period, but the point I am mak- When the so-called price-fixing bill was body who has studied the farm question LXXXVIII--276 4382 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE lVIAY 20 knows that today the agricultural indus­ honest price basis we. must follow the the market would make it essential . to try, so far as the producer is concerned, policy of subsidy. When the price­ subsidize the production. Such.a subsidy is in a Lore depressed state than is any control bill was brought before us, and can be paid only out of the Treasul.'y of other single industry in the country. The when those who sponsored the bill re­ the United States. If the consumer of policy of the Congress to lift agriculture fused to adopt the so-called Baruch plan agricultural products does not pay an and the agricultural producer out of that against inflation, the refusal was clearly honest price in the market, he pays it in depressed state has been wise, but it has made on the ground that we should not the form of an increasing deficit of the not been completely successful. I want do anything to reduce agricultural prices. Federal Government in the subsidization it understood, Mr. President, that that is When the bill was presented to the House program. why I referred to the consumer. The Banking and Currency Committee it Let us see what the subsidy has share which the producer receives for the called for price ceilings at 80 percent of amounted to in the past. I have before commodities which the housewife buys parity; and when the House refused to me a table showing the payments made does not exercise any substantial effect agree to that proposal and the bill came under the Agricultural Adjustment Act, upon the cost of living. Rather, the cost to the Senate, the Senate Committee on the Soil Conservation Act, and the parity of living is affected by the multiplying Banking and Currency was asked to per­ programs by years, from 1933 to 1942. costs in processing and distribution costs mit price ceilings at 100 percent of parity, It shows the payments which have been with which, apparently, we are making and that proposal was rejected. When made under the Soil Conservation Act no effort at this moment effectively to the bill was reported to the Senate it con­ and the so-called parity payments which deal. tained a provision allowing the Price have been made under the authority of I wish now to a

1941 (pre· 1942 (e~ti· Commodity 1933 1934 1935 1936 1937 1938 1939 1940 liminary) mated)

Cotton: Adjustment or conservation.----···----··--· $181, 025,000 $115,226,000 $120,451,000 $86,884,000 ~68, 742,000 $142,595,000 $118,817,000 $102,564.000 $100,003,000 $88,358,000 ParitY------·-----·-·------· ...... -----·--···· 39,771,000 ....•...... 123,000,000 96,195,000 95,752,000 88,045,000 ...... TotaL.------·------· 181,025, 000 115,226,00. 120,451,000 126,655, 000 68,742,000 265,595,000 215,012,000 198,316,000 188,048,000 88,358,000 Wheat: Adjustment or conservation~------·--- 93,806,000 105,554,000 114,988,000 43,389, 000 ------· .50, 126,000 83,941,000 47,754, 000 49,759,000 62, 296, 000 Parity·---~----·------··------· ...... ~. ···--······· -·--·--·-··· .. ·-··---·-· --·-········ 53, 614, 000 55, 884, 000 58, 061, 000 78, 827, 000 TotaL------93,806,000 105,554,000 114,988, 000 43,389, 000 ···-········ 50, 126, 000 137, 555, 000 103,638,000 107,820,000 141, 123,000 ·corn, hogs: Adjustment·------··------·--· ··------· 311,852,000 176,886,000 ·------· ··---··----· ------···· ·-----···-·· ·--···-·--·· ·----·-·-··· ··-·-··-·---- Corn: Con~rvation 1 ~---·------·· ------· ·---·------· -··------· ----·--·--·· ··--··-·-·-· 61,048,000 89,791,000 85,956,000 88,593,000 64,2M,OOO Parity·-··------·-·-·------··--·-·--·----·· ·······-···· ··-·--··-··· ---···· ····· ...... •...... •.•...... 60,131,000 43,826, 000 47,650,000 118,327,000 TotaL------·------··--· ·······-···· 311, E52, 000 170,886, 00 ··-·····--·· ...... 61,048,000 149,922,000 129,782,000 136,243,000 182,591,000 Bice: Adjustment or conservation.------·------9, 642,000 2, 593,000 2, 763,000 1, 966,000 1, 539,000 916,000 853,000 700,000 ParitY------·---··------·------·--·------·-··------·····-·-·-·- ·--·-···-·-· ··--·-···-·· ·-----··--·· 1, 801,000 1, 299,000 2, 690,000 ·---········· TotaL------·------~------·-·····-···· ...... 9, 642,000 2, 593,000 2, 763,000 1, 966,000 3, 340,000 2, 215,000 3, 543,000 700,000 Tobacco: Adjustmentorconservation..______2,059,000 43,930,000 16,020,000 15,380,000 11,471,000 10,622,000 7,476;000 12,573,000 11,234,000 8, 493,000 Parity ..•. -·--._-----_ .•....•.• ______.•. ___ . ______..... ___ ..•.... _...... ___ ·-... ·-. _ . __ -· __ ..... ____ .. ___ . _. . -··-_. ··-.. 4,.502, 000 846,000 TotaL·-----·------2, Oli9, 000 43,930,000 16,020,000 15,380,000 11,471,000 10, 622, 000 7, 476,000 12, 573,000 15.736, ()()(} 9,339,000 Peanuts: Adjustment or conservation ....•...... ·······-·--- ···-········ 3, 713,000 1, 251,000 871,000 . 1, 217,000 625,000 464,000 1, 159,000 933,000 Rye: Adjustment ... ················------·· ·----·-·-··· ...... 203,000 ...... ••...... ·-----·-···· ··--···---··· ·--····---·· ··---···-·--- ~!::~~~l~~=~r~:-~~:=~~~Ii~~======:::::::::::: ==~~=~~~=: ==~~·=~=~~ ·--~~~~~~ ===~·=~~=: :::::::::::: ===j;~i~;~ =.==i=~i=~ =~=i;~~=~ =====~~?===== Potatoes, commercial: Conservation ______·-·-·---··-· -···-·---·-· .. .:-...... · ········-·· ·····-······ 6, 095,000 5, 632,000 5, 491,000 ·4, 692, 000 4,865, 000 General depleting: Conservation._-----·------·· ·-·--·-----· ·-·-·-·-·-·· ...... : ._. 202,342,000 129,926,000 77, 057,000 70, 502,000 68, 401, 000 76,881, 000} Soil building .•...... •...... · ----···----···· ------·-·· ······-·-··· ···------· 58,456,000 81,666, ooo 80,734,000 103,.221, 000 }114 830 000 130 871 000 •193, 860,000 Range ...... ------···--···----·-·-·-·-·--··-· ··--·-----·· ··--·-·--··· ·-···------· 1, 810,000 .8, 765,000 12,188,000 12,218,000 ' ' ' • Naval stores ... ------·----·-·-··------· ·-·--····--· ·········-·· ·······-···· 466,000 360,000 997,000 1, 639,000 1, 178,000 1, 748,000 ...... • Grand totaL·-·------·-----·-· 276,890,000 636,523,000 466,988, ~0 459,859,000 308, 193, .000 567,645,000 709,052,000 639,472,000 669,205,000 621,769,000 Agricultural conservation programs ... ·---·------· ········---· ·--·--·-·-·· 420,088,000 308,193,000 444,645,000 497,311,000 442,711,000 468, 257,000 423,769,000 Parity··---·-·---·-·······-·····--····· ·------·--· ··--··-····· --·-······-· 39, 771,000 ...... •.•. 123,000, 000 211.742,000 196, 761, 000 .200, 948,000 HIS, 000,000

t Wheat and corn included in general soil-depleting acreage under the 1936 and 1937 agricultural conservation programs. 2 Commercial corn area only. a Included in soil building. 4 Includes soil and range building, naval stores, and insular. Mr. O'MAHONEY. Perhaps I should Without reading all the :figures, we be­ with the slight increase of agricultural point to the difference between soil con­ gan in 1933 with a subsidy to agriculture prices from 1940-41 to 19'42 it will not servation payments and parity payments. of $276,890,000. In 1938 the amount had be necessary to delve as deeply into the Soil conservation is, in fact, a national increased to $567.645,000; in 1939 to Treasury for subsidies as it was in the program to preserve the fertility of the $709,052,000. In 1941, last year, the past. But under present war conditions soil. The parity payments, however, are subsidy paylilents totaled $669,205,000. which prevail those in charge of price an out-and-out subsidy, and are made The amount carried in the bill before administration well know that it will be from the Treasury simply because the us is smaller than the amount provided impossible to produce the agricultural market prices have not been sufficient to in the measure which was passed last commodities which we need unless the maintain agriculture as a whole, even year, because of a reduction in parity subsidy system is continued. So the upon the low basis it occupied from 1910 payments which is expected this year. issue is between a subsidy out of an empty to 1914. Why? Because the feeling now is that treasury and honest prices. In such a 1942 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 4383 condition shall we clothe the Commodity mittee did not want to contribute Mr. O'MAHONEY subsequently said: Credit Corporation with the authority to toward the paupcrization of the agricul­ Mr. President, during the hearings on sell wheat in such a manner as to depress tural labor of the country. It was the the pending bijl one o.f the witnesses who the price o( corn, when we know that to opinion of the committee that ·men appeared was Mr. R. B. Corbett, director do so would mean an increase in subsidy should be encouraged to obtain work 'in of the Maryland Agricultural Experi­ payments out of the Treasury of the self-respecting status, in self-sustaining ment Station, located at the University United States, which would not only in- industry and ·that they should not be sup­ of Maryland. He gave some very illu:mi- crease the national deficit but also would ported by the Government. .nating testimony on the costs of distri­ increase the tax burden to be paid by Here is the whole issue, Mr. President: bution. Under his direction studies have every worker, every farmer, every pro- What sort of a government do we want? been made of modern costs in some of the fessional man, and every other person What sort of a country do we want to live large cities. He has also made a review in the United States? in? Are we willing to contribute to the of some of the publications issued by the In my opinion, there can be no ques- building up in this country of the con­ Department of Agriculture dealing with tion as to which of these policies is bet- dition which has brought chaos to Eu­ this matter. . ter-Government subsidies upon the one rope-the_condition of complete govern­ I a,Eked .nim . if he would. be kind hand, or, on the other hand, honest mar- ment control of the individual citizen? enough to send me a memorandum in ket prices, for which the Senator from So, Mr. President, I say to you that the which he would gather _some of the facts South Carolina [Mr. SMITH] pleaded so principle which is involved here is the he mentioned before the committee. lucidly and effectively yesterday. principle of free enterprise, and I do About a week ago he did send me such a This question goes to the very funda- not believe that the Senate or the Con­ memorandum. It is of great significance mentals of the issue which is now wreck- gress should by its vote contribute to the in connection with this problem. For ing the world. It is a question of inde- depression of the agricultural industry example, it shows that, according to the pendent free enterprise upon the one at a time when we know that to do so is study made by the United States Depart­ hand, or totalitarian government in one certain to -increase the burden of the ment of Agriculture, in 3 years while form or another upon the other hand. Federal Government in its payment of farm~rs received a total cash income of If we are to continue to support the· subsidies, a program which is the total­ about $1,000,000,000 from the sale of economy of the country by subsidies out itarian program in all its evil. fruit and vegetables, the consumers paid of the Federal Treasury, then we must Mr. McCARRAN. Mr. President, will for those commodities, when delivered to confront the 'inevitable result of increas- the Senator yield for a question? them, more than two and cne-half bil­ ing the power of government to regi- Mr. O'MAHONEY. I yield. lion dollars. Other illuminating facts ment and direct the lives of the cit:zens Mr. McCARRAN. I am naturally very are stated in the memorandum. I ask of this country. · much interested in what the Senator has ·unanimous consent .. that it may be I know that there are Government said with reference to the action of the printed in the RECORD at the conclusion planners who would be willing to scrap committee in refusing to recommend a of my remarks .. the whole system of private enterprise in larger appropriation or any appropria­ There being no objection, the memo­ order that they might build anew. :r-;o tion for migratory farm labor camps. randum was ordered to be printed in the one knows bztter than they that the best The Senator will recall that the record RECORD, as follows: way to wreck a government or to change disclosed that these work camps passed COSTS OF DISTRIBUTION (Memorandum p:r;epared by R. B. Corbett, Di­ a system is to wreck its financial policy. out of the category of being camps for rector, Maryland Agricultural Experiment So, if we place 23 percent of the people migratory workers, and became p:aces of Station, University of Maryland) of the United States, representing the perpetual habitation for the persons who According to a study made by the United agricultural industry, permanently on came to them. The record also discloses States D3partment of Agriculture entitled the dole, we undermine the very foun- that not only were they places of per­ "The Wholesale Markets for Fruits and Vege­ dations of the system to defend which petual hab-itation, but they became more tables in 40 Citi3s," the farmers' cash income we are waging war on all the seven seas. and more overstaffed by those who made from the sale of fruits and vegetables in·1936 So, Mr. President, it seems to me that, a place of welcome and a place of con­ amounted to a little · over $1,000,000,000: confronted by this issue as we are, we- tinuous living for the persons who came Consumers are estimated to have paid in th<;l should not surrender the principle wh-ich - -- there, rather .than to encourage· them. to I).eighborhopd of ,$2.,500,000,000 for the fr\lits Congress has enunciated over ·ahd-- oVer·· · obtain permanent. employment. an~ .vegetables for which the growers receiveq and over again-the principle that the · Mr ..O'MAHONEY. Mr. President,.the $1,000,000,000. Tbi.s. m.eans. that it. cost ap~ proximately $1,pOO,OOO,OpQ t_o ~a;rket tl'l:~ b_il7 agricultural industry should be made Senator is quite correct. That is ex­ lion .dollars' worth of fruits and vegetable_s ·self-sustaining. , If the farmer . were"de- . actly. the condition which was developed sold by farmexs, .or that. 60 percent of tbe con­ strayed, such ·a result would do the con- by the committee. sumer's dollar spent for fruits and vegetables sumers in the city no. good. The point clearly brought out by the was used to pay the ·distribution costs from Does anyone _think it is idle · talk· for testimony, and ·which is clearly .involved the farm to the consumer. · me to say that danger confronts the - in this issue, is that with W. P ..A. camps . THE BALTIMOR~ MARKET Nation or the farmer? . In this very bill and w. P. A. appropriations being· cut The value of fr·uits and,vegetables at retail · the committee brought in a provision down, with· c. c: c. c.amps disappearing, in the Baltimore market in 1938 was 'to · $31,620,533. The value of frui-ts and vege .. increase the appropriation for . and· to· the qnly proposal · for. the e~pansion <;>f tables to first-hand' receivers was $21,013,859-. increase the amount of money, to be government activity of this kind -had to Th~ cost of :distributing fruits and vegetabl_es loaned by the Farm Security--Adminis- . -dO wi-th agriculturatlabor, because it WaS. ·was $10;606,674. · The -farmers . received for tration. -What- was the ·theer.y -upon- --recognized -that- agriculture... is the_ in.­ 'fruits and vegetables $13·,108,846, or 41. petc;:ent which the provision for that increase·was dustry which· is at the--very bottom ef the , ·of ~he retai:l -price-. The -total costs .of distri­ suggested? The ·theory was that we- pile. The· farm has· been· the founda­ butioll in 1ih~ Bal1jimor.e ·market .w~re - $:18,-:­ :Should encourage the .family-sized .farin; . tion of our economy. ,5p,687. . In ot~~r words, it-cost $18,000,000 I supported that proposal. ·The com--- : · ·As I said, it-is ·the only industry· which to disrribu~e fruits1 and vege;tables for which the farmer~ receiv:e~ : $13,000,000.' . .. , J mittee, however, _cut ·down · the - a:mou~t .still remains. operated b-y ·individual ci-ti­ Bulletin No. 409, , of t~e Maryland Agricul- c.ontained in. the. recommendation of the zens; ancJ if we .co.ntribute to the dest,r-uc- ' .tural Ex·perlrp.ent Station; entitled "Baltimore · Bt_Ir~au .of the Budget .. '!h~ com_mi.tt~e ,tion of _the self-:~;ustaining ch~r. acter · of · wholesal'~ Friii~ and Vege'table Markets,''. in­ ellmmated from the recommended ap- agriculture, by that very act we s]1all dicates 'that excessive d~livery co~~s 11:). tbe ·propriation provision ·to-t ·_the 'appr.o:Pria- 'contribute to the destruction of the free .Baltimore market for fruits and vegetables: ~tion of several ·mmiqn dollars for the .enterprise system in. ~inerica. I ·believe amounted to approximately $500,000. Thes~ .. costs include .the cartage charges for trans­ establishment of new migratory . farm that the Senate .of the United States­ ferring produce from wholesale markets in labor camps .. _ - should not do that; and for that reason Ba~timore to the Camden jobbing market; the . What was. the reason for tl)e refusal , I hope that when the Senate comes to ·cost ' to farmers of ·deHv:erlng their produce ·of the committee to permit the estab- ·vote, it Will vote in S'QPPOJ.'t.of the. amend­ sold through commission brokers at Marsh lishment of -new mi-gratory farm-labor ment offered by the Senator from Okla­ Market to the jobb.ers and . canners ·in Balti­ ~camps? The reason was that the com- , horpa [Mr. THOMAS]. more; and porter~ge and other costs inciden~ • 4384 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE MAY 20 to the congestion and inadequate facilities TABLE I.-Summary of estimated city whole­ than $36,000,000, of which $21,600,000 was for loading ~nd unloading at the jobbing sale marketing costs on 154,367 carloads of incurred at the market. The remainder rep­ markets. fruits and vegetables sold through lower resented the cost of moving the supplies from A complete modern market in Baltimore Manhattan market, May 1938-April 1929- the market to metropolitan retailers. can be constructed for a cost of approximately Continued The cost of cartage alone within the lower $1,500,000. This includes the value of the Manhattan market area amounted to more land and the cost of constructing the build­ than $4,000,000 a year. This charge was tngs. Cost made for moving the ~upplies from the many THE ST. LOUIS MARKET Item 1~:-a~ ~::. Amount scattered unloading points to the central A study made by the United States De­ load market area and for other movement from partment of Agriculture in cooperation with one place to another within the market. This $4,000,000 bill for intramarket car­ the University of Missouri of the wholesale Costs from lower Manhattan fruit and vegetable market of St. Louis market · to metropolitan re­ (Num­ (1,000 tage is one of the items on which a very shows that in 1940, 24,000 carloads of fruits tail outlets: ber) dols.) material saving could be made in a modern, and vegetables were sold through the Third Cartage ______------136,012 $62 8, 393 well-organized market. It should be ob­ Margins, excluding cart- served that porterage costs amounted 'to Street Market in St. Louis for $19,200,000. age. ____ ------___ ------89,347 70 6, 243 The total costs of operation in this market $1,340,000. The unloading, sorting, labor, were as follows: Total ______~------1 136,012 108 14,636 and maintenance of piers amounted to $1,225,000. Waste and deterioration due to Selling expenses ______$1,075,000 Total costs from unloading (}eneral expenses ______460,000 point to metropolitan retail inadequate facilities amounted to $1 ,852,000. 440,000 outlets or to trucks of out-of- The time lost by motortrucks due to inade­ CreditDrayage------______I 180,000 town buyers ______154,367 235 36,239 quate facilities amounted to $1,223,000. Special handling ______85,000 Cartage costs from the lower Manhattan Preventable spoilage ______market to the metropolitan retail markets 240,000 1 These are not the totals of the carloads given in items preceding tbt> total. amounted to $8,393,000. Total------~------2,480,000 A better indication of the savings that The total cost of handling ~hat part of would be effected through the reorganization The estimated costs of a modern market the city's supplies which moved through the In St. Louis are as follows: of the lower Manhattan market is illustrated lower Manhattan market amounted to more in tables 1 and 2. Cost of market facilities ______$1, 500, 000 Cost of 35 acres of land______500, 000 TABLE I.-Summary of estimated annual marketing costs tor fruits and vegetables sold. through present lower Manhattan market, from unloading pOint to metropolitan retail Total------2,000,000 outlets or to trucks of out-oj-town buyers, and estimated costs and saving's tor modern markets at 3 Locations THE NEW YORK MARKET A study made by the Bureau of Agricul­ tural Economics of the· United . States De­ Present A modern market in- partment of Agriculture of the wholesale lower fruit and vegetable markets of New York Item Man­ hattan Lower New Long City indicates that for the year ending April market Man­ Jersey Island 30, 1939, the total marketing cost of the hattan entire quantity of 201,790 carloads of fruits and vegetables, from the time they were un­ Cost~ at central market: loaded until they arrived at the retail out­ Cartage (trucking)_------$4, 181; ceo $1, 553, coo $1, 64(), oco $1, 622,000 -lets in New York City, amounted to $209 Porterage. ______------______------_ 1, 340, 000 730,000 730, coo 750,000 Unloading and maintenance of piers at present market (paid by per carlot. This was 15 percent of the esti­ railroads); unloading, float bridge operation and switching at mated retail sale value of $1,400 per carload modern markets ______------1, 225,000 823, coo 747,000 84.5, 000 and 26 percent of the estimated wholesale Waste and deterioration due to inadequate facilities ______1, 852,000 value of $800 per carload. Time lost by motort.rucks due to inadequate facilities: Trucks hauling to market.·------~------218,000 0 0 0 About three-fourths of the total receipts, or Trucks of buyers.------•----- 1, 005,000 0 0 0 154,367 carloads, were sold through the lower Manhattan market. The city marketing costs TotaL ______------__ ------9, 821, 000 3, 106, 000 3, 117,000 3, 217,000 Savings in modern markets due to proper market lay-out. ______------6, 715,000 6, 704, coo 6, 604,000 were considered to begin when 'the supplies Rent (includes $488,000 at present market paid by railroads. For actually reached the point where they were modern markets the amounts are the estimated costs of amortiza- unloaded from the transportation agency that tion, taxes, and administration) _____ ------1, 888,000 5, 000,000 -1,400, coo 1, 400,000 brought them into the city. A summary of Increase or decrease in rents in modern markets~------+3,112,000 -488,000 -488,000 the cost is shown in table 1. Margins, excluding cartage, porterage, and rent._------9, 894,000 10,061, 000 10,003, GOO 10, 511, ()()() Increase in margins in modern markets'------167,000 109,000 617,000 TABLE I.-Summary of estimated city whole­ 1======1======1======1======Total costs at central markets------21, 603, 000 18, 167,000 14, 520,000 15, 128, ()()() sale marketing costs on 154,367 carloads of Total savings in modern markets------_ 3, 436,000 7, 083, ()()() 6, 475, ()()() fruits and vegetables sold through lower Manhattan market, May 1938-April 1939 Costs from central market to metropolitan retail outlets: Cartage (trucking)------~------8, 393,000 8, 212,000 2, 160, COO 7, 573,000 Margins, excluding cartage·------6, 243,000 5, E93, 000 6, 015,000 4, 950,000 Cost Car- per TotaL·------14,636,000 14,112,000 15,175,000 12,523,000 Item loads car- Amount Increase or decrease from modern markets to metropolitan load retail outlets 1 ------524,000 +53!l, 000 -2,113,000 ---- Total costs· from unloading J;Oints to metropolitan retail Costs at lower Manhattan (Num- (1,000 outlets or to trucks of out-of-town buyers ______36, 239,000 32,279,000 29,695, GOO 27,651,000 market: ber) dols.) Indicated annual savings for modern markets compared with present Cartage _____ ------127,498 $33 4,181 market------3, 960,000 6, E44, 000 8, 588,000 Porterage ______------134,000 10 1,340 Rent for fruit and vege- table stores and offices ... 154,367 9 1, 400 1 Plus (+) or minus ( --,) denotes an increase or decrease over costs in present ~arket. Rent for fruit and vege- 2 Margins in a central market at each location are assumed to be at the same rate for the same type of transaction table pier space (paid by as in the present market, but the totals are increased because greater quantities would be sold direct to retailers. railroads) ______63,850 8 488 There would then be comparable decreases in margins accruing after the produce has left the central market, because Unloading, sorting labor, of lesser quantities handled by other dealers outside the market. and maintenance of piers (paid by railroads) . 63,850 19 1, 225 The estimated net savings resulting from Lower Manhattan-Continued. Margins, excluding cart- a modern market in each location, compared Increase in margins ______$167,000 age, portcrage, and rent. 196,046 50 9,S94 with the present lower Manhattan market, Waste and deterioration Total increases ______3,279,000 ~1:1e to inadequate facil- are shown in the following tabulation: · ltil'S ------154,367 12 1, 852 Time lost by motortrucks Lower Manhattan: Net savings ______3,960,000 due to inadequate facil- Savings in lay-out ______$6,715,000 ities: Trucks bringing prod- Savings from market to re- New Jersey: ucts to market ______43,570 218 tailers______524,000 Savings in lay-out ______6,704,000 Trucks of buyers ______154,367 1,005 Savings in rent ______488,000 ------TotaL------1154,367 140 21,603 Total savings______7, 239, 000 Total savings ______7,192,000 ------t These are not the totals of the carloads given iu items preceding the total. Increase in rents ______8,112,000 Increase in margins______109,000 19~2 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 4385 New Jersey-Continued. If any direct or more positive information agricultural interests. I hope you will do Increase- froni market to re­ comes to me, please be assured that it will be all ·you · can to protect minimum prices es­ tailers______$539,000 furnished you promptly. tablished by Congress on all American farm Thanking you for your good work in the commodities. Total increases______648,000 past, and with personal regards, I am, HARRY D. WILSON, Sincerely yours, CommisSiOneT. Net savings------'----- . 6, 544, 000 · N. C. WILLIAMSON, President. NASHVILLE, TENN., Long Island: May 19, 1942. Savings in lay-out ______6,604,000 MAY 20, 1942. Savings in rent______Hon. ELLISON D. SMITH, 488,000 Senator ELLISON SMITH, Senate Office Building, Savings from market to re- Senate Office Bui lding, Washington, D. C.: tailers------~-- 2,113, 000 Washington, D . C.: I do not think that selling wheat _below Your fight for the farmers · and against Total savings ______.:. ___ _ parity price of corn is fair to wheat growers 9,205,000 proposed· sale o! wheat has the unqualified or below $1.05 per bushel. I have consulted Increase in margins ______617,000 endorsement of the farmers of Georgia and principal agricultural · leaders of State and of the Nation. The proposal to sell wheat Net savings ______8,588,000 we are in accord on this. · ;:tt reduced prices is intended as entering C. C. FLANERY, wedge to create dissensio'n among friends of Commissioner of Agriculture. It :ohould be observed that the net savings agriculture m the Senate.; If successful it that would result from a modern market in would mean lower prices for all agriculture lower Manhattan are $3,960,000; in the New products. Every bushel of ~heat not needed . RALEIG~, N. C., May 19, 1942 . .Iersey market, $6 ,544,000; and in the Long for food should be converted into alcohol and Hon. ELLISON D. SMITH, Island market, $8,588,000. byproducts, especially -rubber. The farmers Senate Office Building, Approximations of the costs of developing of Georgia are in danger of total loss of Washington, D. C.: a complete market on reasonably priced land many crops due to rubber shortage and truck Sincerely hope you will vigorously oppose and of the annual expenditures for operation regulations. The effort to authorize sale of proposed amendment to agricultural appro­ and amortization are as follows: wheat at reduced prices is most insidious priation bill to permit selling Government Cost of market: effort to divide and conquer agriculture in Land ______$6,000,000 surplus wheat at 85-percent parity price of this country. Now is the time for every pa­ corn for feeding purposes. We are of opin­ Buildings and facilities_____ 8, 000, 000 triotic American in the Senate to realize that ion such action will depress not only price the production of food crops constitutes our Total ______14,000, 000 of corn, wheat, and oats, but also depress greatest war effort. They should realize that prices of hogs, cattle, and cotton. To main._ the effort to produce food for the Nation can­ tain parity of income f.or farmers price of Annual expenditures: not be carried on at lower prices than those surplus wheat should not be sold below 110 Amortization ($14,000,000 in provided by ceilings fixed in:price-fixing belt. percent of parity price o{ corn. 25 years, at 4 percent)_____ 900,000 The effort to reduce prices on wheat at this W. KERR SCOTT, Management, maintenance, time amount to an effort to create still fur­ Commissioner of Agriculture. taxes, etc______500,000 ·ther shortage of vital foods for the Nation in its hour of peril. · ~- TotaL ______. ______1, 400, 000 This bill is being largely sponsored by a AUSTIN, TEX., May 19, 19a. representative of the manufacturers of mixed Senator ELLISON D. SMITH, Mr. SMITH. Mr. President, I desire to feed. It is a part of Leon Henderson's plan Senate Office Building, present and have printed in the RECORD a to bleed the farmers white. The General Washington, D. C .: letter and certain telegrams which I have Maximum Price Regulation Bulletin No. 1, Please oppose with all your might proposal received from various States relative to dated April 28 1942, on page 5, section 9, sell surplus wheat for feeding purposes be­ the pending matter. I shall not take the subsection 7, exempts mixed feed for ani­ low 110-percent parity. Any amendment to mals. The passage of the measure to sell recently pa:osed agricultural legislation will time of the Senate· to read them, but grain lower would only result in lower prices undermine confidence and demoralize mar­ merely ask that they be printed in the for farmers to sell grain, demoralize agricul­ kets. With acute labor shortage, high RECORD. ture generally, without any benE;lfit · to the wages, and unfavorable climatic conditions The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. puplic. Subsection 3, section 9, fixes the farmers have enough production handicaps. DoxEY in the chair). Without objection, price on milk sold by dairymen but exempts Farmers must have stabilization and not it is so ordered. from the price ceiling order all milk prod­ ever-changing legislation if they are to pro­ ucts, including butter, cheese, condensed duce adequate crops for national defense. The telegrams and letters submitted by and evaporated milk. ';['hes.e milk prices are Regards, Mr. SMITH are as follows: · fixed by a representative of Borden Milk Co. J". E. McDoNALD, AMERICAN COTTON and their' products are exempted from opera­ Commissioner of AgricultuTe. CoOPERATIVE ASSOCIATION, ' tion of the rule. It is my -understanding and Mr. SMITH subsequently said: Mr. Lake Prov ~dence, La., May 18, 1942. information that the prices on cottonseed oil, ·senator ELLISON D. SMITH, peanut oil, and soybean oil were fixed by a President, relative to the telegrams United Stat.es Senate, Washington, D. C. representative of Procter & Gamble, working which I sent to the desk and asked to DEAR SENATOR: You may know that there is for Henderson at $1 a year, while Procter & have printed in the RECORD, I desire to an organized campaign being made in at least Gamble were paying him $27,000 a year. Not call the particular attention of those some of the cotton-growing States to :oell only the welfare of the farmer is at stake in who may read them to one from the farmers on the idea that they should not op­ this fight bUt the welfare of the entire Na­ State of Georgia, which adjoins my pose t he President's idea of selling surplus tion. "He who makes his country live, makes State. The telegram covers certain de­ farm commodities below parity price levels. all things live, and all things living bless him,, but he who lets his country die, lets all things tails with which every Member of this . It is reported to me that in Texas, Arkansas, body should be familiar. I hope that and Louisiana directors of Extension Service, die and all things dying curse him." district agents, and county agents have been ToM LINDER, those who read · the telegrams will read instructed to sell cotton farmers the idea Commissioner of Agriculture the one from the Commissioner of Agri­ that to demand 110 percent of parity, or even from Georgia. culture of the State of Georgia. It gives parity prices, is unpatriotic and will stimulate certain details, and I think it should be inflat ion-in fact, that it is not in line with BATON ROUGE, LA., read by everyone who is interested in the duty of patriotic citizens who want to May 20, 1942. this problem and who understands some­ support the President in his all-out war effort. Hon. E. D. SMITH, thing about it. My information does not go further than United States Senator, the three States mentioned; however, I am Washington, D. C.: The PRESIDING OFFICER. The taking for granted that the purpose of this Have been advised division is threatened question is ·on agreeing to the amend­ quiet campaign is an attempt to show our among farm Senators account of proposed ment of the Senator from Georgia [Mt. friends in the Senate that the cotton farmers amendment to agriculture appropriation bill Russ~LLJ to the committee amendment are not supporting them in their position re­ to permit selling of surplus Government on page 80, proposing to insert after the garding cotton prices. They may succeed in wheat at 85 percent of parity price of corn. word "purposes", in line 25, the folloW~ .having some telegrams and letters sent to In my opinion this would depress the price ing': ''Provided further, That no grain you under the pressure that may come from of corn, wheat, and oats and no doubt official sources; however, I do not believe very soon lower price of hogs, cattle, milk, -shall be sold. for feed at a price less than much progress will be made along this line. and cotton. Owing to the high prices of 85 percent of the parity price of corn at The cotton farmers are standing behind you .all commodities used by farmers and the the time such sale is made." and our other friends in· the Senate who scarcity and high wages being paid farm Mr. WHITE. Mr. President, I suggest have been making the fight for us. labor this would be a grave injustice to our the absence of a quorum. 4386 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE MAY '20 The PRESIDING OFFICER. The the different groups of farm representa­ approximately 17 cents a bushel more clerk will call the roll. tives disagreeing so thoroughly, so pub­ than the feeders would have· to pay for The legislative clerk called the roll, licly, and in such a vital manner as they corn today, and inasmuch as the feeding and the following Senators answered to are doing here today. value of corn and wheat is approximately their names: The situation as I see it is this: The the same, the effect of the amendment of­ Aiken George Nye wheat-storage bins are filled to over­ fered by the Senator from Oklahoma Andrews Gerry O'Daniel flowing; there is a question whether the would be to make it impossible for the Austin Gillette O'Mahoney ·Bailey Glass Overton new wheat crop -coming on can be ade­ Commodity Credit Corporation to sell Ball Green Pepper quately taken care of; the Comm.odity wheat for feeding purposes, because no Bankhead Guffey Radcliffe Credit Corporation is taking over wheat feeder wants to pay 17 cents a bushel Barkley Gurney Reynolds day after day. I do not know how much more for wheat than he does for corn, Bilbo Hatch Rosier Bone · Hayden Russell they have now on hand, but probably when the feeding value is approximately Brewster Hill Schwartz about 200,000,000 bushels, and, before the same. Brooks Holman Smathers · they get through taking over wheat, the As I have stated, it disturbs me very Brown Hughes Smith Bulow Johnson, Callf. Spencer Commodity Credit Corporation, which is much to see the wheat and corn growers Bunker Kilgore Stewart the branch of the Federal Government fail to agree upon the proper wording of Burton La Follette Taft that handles this matter, may hold as the bill, or the amendment. It is my be­ Butler Langer Thomas, Okla. Byrd Lee Tobey much as 300,000,000 bushels of wheat .• lief that, should the committee amend­ Capper Lucas Truman Mr. BANKHEAD. Mr. President, may ment be defeated, the result would be a Caraway McCarran Tunnell I give the Senator information on that drop in the price not only of corn, but of Chandler McFarland Tydings Chavez McKellar Vandenberg point? wheat, and in the prices of other com- Clark, Idaho McNary Van Nuys Mr. AIKEN. I yield to the Senator modities as well. · Clark, Mo. Maloney Wagner from Alabama. In yesterday's New York Times, in two Connally . Maybank Walsh Danaher Mead Wheeler Mr. BANKHEAD. The Corporation columns on the same page, I read items Davis Millikin White now holds 360,000,000 bushels of wheat. which I should like to read to the Senate Doxey Murdock Wiley Mr. AIKEN. That is rather more than at this time. The first is as follows: Ellender Norris Willis I thought; but it is a very large amo-unt CHICAGO, May 18.-The controversy in the The PRESIDING OFFICER. -Eighty­ which the Commodity Credit Corpora­ Senate as to whether the Commodity Credit four Senators have answered to their tion is holding, and it is bound to prove Corporation shall be ~rmitted to sell cash names. A quorum is present. an embarrassment if something cannot wheat and corn below parity prices continues Mr. AIKEN. Mr. President, I should be done with aJ; ·least a part of it. to rage, but reports today that the farm Then the Commodity Credit Corpora­ bloc had split on the question resulted in like to say a few words before the vote turning the grain markets downward and the is taken. tion owns about 66;000,000 bushels of close was near the lowest levels of the day. Anyone listening to . the debate which corn, and we were told yesterday that, has proceeded yesterday and today might under the law as it is now, the Federal That applies not only to corn and get the impression that corn and wheat Government can dispose of any of its wheat, but to rye, and I think to oats as were the principal important crops of this wheat or any of its corn for any purpose well. All grains are today substantially country and that other crops produced whatsoever at any price it sees fit to lower than they were a week ago today. are of considerably less value than corn charge for it; in fact, I believe the Sena­ In another column I read the follow­ and wheat. As a matter of fact, there are tor from Iowa [Mr. GILLETTE] told us ing: several other branches of farming which that some of the grain sold for alcohol The fear that the farm bloc rift over selling produce in value a great deal more than netted the Commodity Credit Corpora­ prices for wheat and corn may lead even­ corn and wheat combined, that is, corn tion only about 5 cents a bushel. That, tually to the inclusion of cotton in adminis­ and wheat which are sold for cash. however, we will concede was due to a tration designs on agricultural price ceilings bad policy of shipping into far-removed at parity was refiected yesterday in a sharp Among these other farm-production decline in the cotton market. items are beef, hogs, dairy products, sections of the country, in some instances, fruits, and vegetables, the value of any · and using up the value in transportation In other words,- this difference of one of which amounts during the year to charges. · opinion which has arisen on the floor of more than the value of the cash sales of The feeding value of corn and wheat is the Senate ha-S already resulted in gen­ corn and wheat combined. approximately the same; that is, a farmer erally fallin~ farm prices. I come from a State which sells for who is feedin_g grain can afford to pay It has been said by some that they cash very little of the basic crops; in fact, about as much. for a bushel of corn as prefer to wipe out all amendments if they almost none whatever, and our farmers he can for a bushel of wheat. The dif­ cannot oblige the Commodity Credit Cor­ receive practically no parity payment~ ferent elements contained vary some­ poration to sell wheat for the parity price whatsoever. I think there et.re two erst­ what, but, bushel for bushel, they are of corn, or 17 cents a bushel more than while tobacco growers in the State who worth just about the same. corn is bringing today, but I do not see still receive some parity payments, but, The pending bill, as amended by the how that is going to help the grain prices if I remember correctly, those are the committee, permits the Commodity at all, l;>ecause there would be no control only parity payments made in Vermont. Credit Corporation to dispose of a lim- whatsoever over the Commodity Credit We produce dairy products; we produce , ited amount of wheat-125,000,000 bush­ Corporation, and they ·could sell corn, butter, which is selling for less than parity els, which, I understand, includes about wheat, or any other grain crop for what­ today; we produce eggs, a.s do all the 25,000,000 bushels of substantially dete­ ever tpey pleased. other Northeastern States. In New Eng­ riorated wheat, at a price which will not The amendment offered by the com­ land eggs are selling today for less than be below 85 percent of the parity price for mittee does put a floor of 85 percent of parity prices. We produce a large corn. the parity price of corn, which is ap­ amount of fruit and a tremendous Yesterday the Senator from Oklahoma proximately what corn is selling for to­ amount of fresh vegetables. On all these offered an amendment which appears to day, under both corn and 125,000,000 crops we receive no parity payments be substantially the same as the pro­ bushels of wheat, which the bill would . whatsoever. vision in the bill, except that it prohibits authorize to be sold. Coming from a State which consumes the sale of wheat at less than the parity In closing, Mr. President, I wish to say hundreds of thousands of tons of grain, I price of corn. The present farm price of that today agriculture in this country is suppose that I should be glad to hav_e corn corn, according to the figures which have receiving an income which is very and wheat producers become involved been sent to the Members of the Senate definitely not on a parity with that re­ in a controversy which_it appears to me, by the Farm Bureau Federation, is to­ ceived by other groups. It is very neces­ would ultimately reduce the price of both day 79-.7 cents a bushel. The parity price sary that those who recognize the im­ com and wheat and make it possible for of corn is 96.9 cents a bushel. portance of agriculture to our country our farmers to buy them for less money; If the Commodity Credit Corporation shall not divide against themselves in but, as a matter of fact, I do not know is prohibited from selling any wheat at Congress. I am very sorry that we have of anything that has happened here less than the parity price of cotn, it divided even to the extent we have. As which has distressed me more than to see means· they must charge for that wheat I stated before, I come from a State which 1942 CONGRESSIONAL. RECORD-SENATE 4387 undoubtedly would profit for a time by compromise is between us Members of was never heard of before in connection lower prices for both wheat and corn, but this body who are so intensely interested. with any commodity, to fix a price upon we know p·erfectly well that, once those in agriculture. What we are dealing one commodity based upon the parity who believe in the importance of Ameri­ with is the Government-owned corn and price of some other commodity. That can agriculture divide against them­ wheat, and the wheat has to be disposed has never been done before. What ·is selves, or once the produce from one part of. · the purpose of it? Can the Senator of the .country starts on a down grade, Mr. SMITH. And what the farmer has explain it to me? all the rest will soon follow, and if wheat must be disposed of. Why say to the Mr. AIKEN. The purpose is to dis­ prices are depressed too far we know that Government, "You can dispose of yours, pose of not ·aver 125,000,000 bushels of an the commodities produced in New but the farmer must stand to his guns"? Government wheat, which is Govern­ England, in northeastern United States, What kind of reasoning is that? The ment owned, which is likely to embarrass will also go below the price levels we are Government owns a certain amount. the wheat growers as well as the Govern- · getting. in that section. Who is the Government? It is the Sena­ ment if it occupies storage space; and I think the committee has done the tor a-nd I and the whole American people. the best way to dispose of it appears to best it could. I think it has brought in In times of distress we have asked the be to sell it for feed; and in order to get a very fair compromise bill. I do not Treasury to lend certain amounts, and rid of it at all for feeding, it has to be think anyone is getting everything he they have done so. I take it we are the sold for the same price as other grains wants, but it seems to me it is the very responsible body so far as legislation is of the same feeding value. best we can do under the circumstances, concerned. We have said what we think I should be very glad to support the and I hope the Senate will support the is right for wheat, and what we think is Senator from Iowa [Mr. GILLETTE] in his committee amendment. right for cotton, for tobacco, and other proposal to dispose of it for the purpose Mr. SMITH. Mr. President, may I ask things, and then are we to come here, be­ of making automobile tires, by way of the Senator a question? cause the Government happens to have a producing alcohol from it, and, I believe, Mr. AIKEN. I yield to the Senator. supply of a commodity on hand, and say, by way of the butadiene process. If I am Mr. SMITH. What is the use of our "Well, we wir let you do so and so"? I correctly informed, some eighty to one · compromising and fooling about in this am not going to join in that. hundred million bushels of wheat could be matter when we have already settled the Mr. AIKEN. I say further to the Sena­ used for that purpose. I will support any question as to the parity price? Why tor from South Carolina that during the move the Senator from Iowa sees fit to not leave the responsibility on the Gov­ 16 months I have been a Member of the make in that direction, but I think in all ernment? The Commodity Credit Senate we have all worked together to­ fairness we should not prohibit the sale Corporation could have sold the surplus ward the same end-100-percent, parity or the disposal of this embarrassing of the commodity with which I am most for all farm products. I shall continue to amount of wheat. work toward that end. I should much famil!ar, namely, cotton at any price, but Mr. HATCH. Mr. President, will the I say in all justice to those Government prefer to have the farmer get 100 percent as the price for his produce, sp that he Senator yield further? officials that they never sold it at below Mr. AIKEN. Yes,,. the market pPice. Of course, it was there would not be dependent to any extent whatsoever on Federal subsidies; but we Mr. HATCH. If the purpose is to pro':.. as a menace, and the trade was afraid vide storage space for the oncoming crop, they would do it, but they never did. are faced with a condition which con­ fronts us at this moment, and I do not then why fix a limitation of 125,000,000 Why should we bring in a controversial bushels, because the disposal of 125,000,- measure when, so far as the votes of the believe we can say to the wheat growers · in t:!le West who are producing a. tre­ 000 bushels will not even begin to start to Senate and the House are concerned, we solve the problem of storage. have already established a parity on mendous crop, and have no storage facili­ ties for it, that they shall not be per­ Mr. AIKEN. I .think it would start to wheat and corn and cotton? Why not solve it. I should like to ask the Senator leave the decision with those who have mitted to have storage · for at least 125,000,000 bushels more, so long as that from New Mexico what he would do with the responsibility? Why are we asked to that wheat? Would the Senator destroy authorize them, by legislative enactment, wheat, which has the same feeding value as has corn, will not be solc'i for less than it? to undo the very thing we wo.rked for 10 Mr. HATCH. Not at all. I am trying years to accomplish? It is asinine. We the price for which corn is selling today. should say, "All right, we have expressed In spite of my great admiration and to find out the purpose behind th~ ourselves, and if you see fit now to go respect for the chairman of the subcom­ amendment, because I cannot see any out and break the market, the responsi­ mittee, I still think the committee reason for it whatsoever. It does not It bility is on you." amendment is a fair compromise among solve the question of storage. would A great poet has said a truth which ourselves. We are not compromising not establish a floor under corn prices, with the Federal Government. The as was so eloquently argued by the·Sen .­ applies to the situation now confronting a tor from Georgia [Mr. RussELL] and the us: Federal Government has been very wrong in many ways. Senator from· Oregon [Mr. MeN ARYL Is I'll no say, men ~re villains a': The real, harden'd wicked, Mr. HATCH. Mr. President, will the it not going around Robin Hood's barn Wha hae.nae check but human law, Senator yield? to establish a price based on 85 percent of Are to a few restricked; Mr. AIKEN. I yield. the price of corn, below which the De­ But, och! mankind are unco weak Mr. HATCH. I wish to ask the Sen­ partment may not be authorized to sell An' little to be trusted; ator a question, because I know he has 125~000,000 bushels of wheat? If Self the wavering balance shake, consistently supported the agricultural Mr. AIKEN. I think if we establish It's rarely right adjusted! program calculated to bring parity this floor of 85 percent -of parity,_we shall We try to adjust the practice as to one prices for all farm products. That has establish a floor considerably higher than kind of grain, which is higher in price been the· Senator's desire. I have lis­ that we have now. As a matter of fact, and more universally used than corn, but tened to his remarks and tried to recon­ at present there is absolutely no floor at we simply cannot do it, and should not cile that purpose with the committee all. If the amendment providing that try to do it. We fix a price on wheat, amendment · which now proposes to the Department shall sell the wheat at a and we fix a price on corn, and then we establish a new standard and set up a price 85 percent of the parity price of try to compromise when "self the waver­ new rule so far as 125,000,000 bushels corn is not agreed to, the Commodity ing balance" is shaking. I do not believe of wheat are concerned. That new Credit Corporation can sell this wheat at in it. standard ·is not parity price for wheat. 80 percent of the parity price of corn. I Mr. AIKEN. Mr. President, let me say It has no connection at all with the do not think it would do so, but it has a to the Senator from South Carolina that parity price for wheat· for which we have right to do so today. It seems to me we I have a. great deal of respect for his phi­ all been striving for years. The new are making some gain toward our goal losophy. I realize that there are many standard says that at least this much of 100 percent of parity by establishing very wrong Federal policies in effect to­ wheat now-and I do ·not know when this floor, which is 85 percent of parity. day; but I do not consider that the bill that figure might be enlarged-shall be Mr. HATCH. Mr. President, will the before us is a compromise with the wrong sold for 85 percent of the parity price of Senator yield? policies of the Government. I think the corn. It is a brand-new standard, which Mr. AIKEN. I yield, 4388 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE MAY 20 Mr. HATCH. If we want to establish it is proposed to take the contemplated. above condition may generalw result, with a :floor for coni would it not be more action. the effect that the commodity will not be simple and more direct simply to say that Mr. AIKEN. What the Senator just used for feed·at all, but will be simply resold later for the market price and be a drug on corn shall not be sold for less than 85 said would seem to indicate that it would the market. . percent of parity, or whatever percent be good business for the wheat and corn might be fixed? Would not that estab­ growers to market more of their produce Mr. AIKEN. Mr. President, I really do lish a :floor under corn? in the form of livestock, which is selling · not believe that·many farmers would re­ Mr. A.IKEN. As I understand, today far above parity. sort to that sort of practice; but if they both the wheat growers and the corn Mr. RUSSELL. Mr. President, will the should it would be up to the Commodity growers have a :floor of 85 percent of Senator yield? Credit Corporation, the Department of parity, because they can borrow 85 per­ Mr. AIKEN. I yield. Justice, or whoever is in command, to cent of parity on their crops. But the Mr. RUSSELL. I should like to point see that such persons are properly penal­ amendment refers to that part of the out that no wheat can be sold by the ized for violations of that sort. I under­ crop which is not in the hands- of the Commodity Credit Corporation at a price stand that when grain is sold for feeding producer. I do not see why the sale of below wheat parity except the 125,000,000 purposes, it is sold with the understand­ 125,000,000 bushels of wheat by the Com­ bushels proposed to be sold for feeding ing that it shall be u.sed for feeding pur­ modity Credit Corporation is going to purposes. Therefore any wheat which poses. interfere in the slightest with the corn is sold for the purpose of making flour or The amount authorized by the amend­ or the wheat growers borrowing 85 per­ for any purpose would have to be sold at ment is 125,000,000 bushels. Last Febru­ cent of parity as usual from· the Gov­ the full wheat .parity price. ary, during the late winter and early ernment and in effect selling it at that Mr. HATCH. I understand that is the spring, while we were discussing and price if they do not reclaim their grain. situation, but the amendment relates enacting legislation which was supposed Mr. HATCH. I wish to ask the Sena­ only to 125,000,000 bushels of wheat to be to establish a minimum price on wheat tor what he thinks the establishment of used for. feeding purposes. The purpose and to prevent the Commodity Credit the policy of a price for wheat at 85 per­ is ·to sell that grain to feed livestock Corporation from selling so as to depress cent of parity price of corn is going to do which is selling away above parity, and the market, it sold something like 200,- to the wheat market? I am thinking now forcing down the wheat price, which is 000,000 bushels while we were discussing in terms of wheat. · already under parity. the matter That is almost twice · as Mr. AIKEN. I will say to the -Senator Mr. RUSSELL. Most of the grain much as it is proposed by the committee from New Mexico that the average farm used for feeding purposes is fed to live­ amendment to authorize the Commodity price of wheat today is 99.7 cents per stock on the farm where the grain is ac­ Credit Corporation to sell. I think the bushel. The parity price of corn today tually produced. amendment offers definitely more pro­ is 96.9 cents per bushel. · There is not Mr. GILLETTE. Mr. President, will tection to the wheat and corn growers much difference. the Senator yield to me? ~han the legislation, or lack of legisla­ Mr. HATCH. W.llere. are those prices Mr. 1\IKEN. I yield. tion, which we have today. figured, at Chicago, or on the farms? Mr. GILLETTE. The pending commit­ Mr. !JAPPER. Mr. President, I call the Mr. AIKEN. The figures I gave were tee amendment will permit the sale of attention of the Senate to a telegram given me by the American Farm Bureau 125,000,000 bushels of wheat for feed at which I have just received from E. K. Federation, and it says the prices are the 51 cents under parity price for wheat, Dean, president of the Kansas Farmers' farm prices. The price of wheat today on and at 30.7 cents under 85 percent of Union, who makes a convincing appeal the farm is 99.7 cents, but the United parity price of wheat, and at 17 cents for approval of the pending bill as pro­ States parity price is 133.5 cents. In under the price of wheat on the farm. posed by the Senate committee. I ask other words, the wheat farmer is getting In that connection I rose to ask the Sen­ unanimous consent to have the telegram only the loan value of his grain today, ator a question relating to the disastrous printed in the RECORD. and he will continue to get that for this effect of a policy of this kind, and it is in There being no objection, the telegram year's era!). But the Commodity Credit . line with the question just asked by the was ordered to be printed in the RECORD, Corporation is going to be embarrassed Senator from New Mexico. I hold in my as follows: by this great surplus which might be hand a letter which· was just brought to · SALINA, KANS., May 18, 1942, used to produce some of the extra milk my desk by a Senator who, for obvious Han. Senator ARTHUR CAPPER, which we are asked to produce for our reasons, desires not to have his name Senate Office Building, Allies some of the extra eggs and pow­ mentioned or his State mentioned. He Washington, D. C.: dered' milk for which t~e poultry and addressed a letter to a judge, a personal We now have our grain elevators as full dairymen of the United States are not friend, in his State, asking him to in­ of wheat Jl,nd grain as though a new crop receiving parity today. terview the farmers as to their attitude were just stored. Materials for additional They simply cannot operate on a 100- storage space are not available. Yet we have on this type of legislation, and I wish to prospects for bountiful crops this year. A percent cost level and sell for 90 percent read an excerpt from the letter. The tremendous surplus of wheat is now on hand of the cost and get by. The sale of some letter is dated May 18, 1942. He said he Must we pile wheat on the ground and thus of this wheat, however, would enable had interviewed a number of farmers. I not avail farmers of wheat loans on new them to do so, by feeding a little more . quote from the letter: crop? Corn surplus is now melted. We face than otherwise would be fed. One condition was mentioned by these possible meat rationing next year. We can't · , Mr. HATCH. Will the Senator yield men that rather opened-my eyes. It is that build new elevator facilities for wheat stor­ some of the farmers have been purchasing age. Is it right to ask farmers to cut their further? wheat acreage in half for the next year? Mr. AIKEN. I yield. this wheat already sent in here, much of which I am informed is a good grade, ~nd Must we isolate wheat from the feed market Mr. HATCH. I will say that evidently are placing the same in their bins with no to assure corn producers 110 percent of par­ the Senator was not in the Senate Cham­ apparent attempt to conc-eal an intention of ity? Must poultry and milk producers be ber awhile ago when the comparative mixing the same with the other wheat and held up for high-cost feed? We should in­ prices as of April 15 were put into the later selling the same along with their own crease wheat production and assure plenty record by the Senator from Wyoming product at the market price. of feed to produce meat and milk, thus give a fair chance to producers of wheat, [Mr. O'MAHONEY]. According to those Wheat is being bought at 17 cents meat, and milk. We are at war. We must figures the prices of most of the products under the farm price and mixed with the protect the public and our Allies. We want the Senator has mentioned, and of hogs farmers' own wheat with the intention full production and not scarcity to create and cattle, for which this feed is ex­ fancy corn prices. Wheat farmers do not pected to be used, are far above parity, of reselling it. desire and cannot get along on half wheat while wheat is far below parity: Yet to I quote further: production at parity prices. They want boost and preserve those prices it is pro­ One of the men interviewed told me of a full production with parity price for wheat farmer who purchased. a quantity of this processed for bread, and fair feed prices posed still further to reduce the price of shipped-in wheat and later sold the same for the remainder of their wheat production. wheat to feed to livestock which today wheat to an elevator at the market. The We must face the issue that now confronts is selling away above parity. That is man I talked to called attention to the fact the producers of wheat, meat, and milk and the situation. None of it makes much that if many farmers should be allowed to the public interest in meeting our require­ sense to me. I am trying to find out why purchase this wheat at or below parity, the . ments of these. basic foods for. our World War 1942 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 4389 program. We urge you to support the Ap­ We have been limited to 3 gallons of I understand that other Wisconsin propriation Committees' recommendat ion to gasoline a week for each motorist en­ concerns will receive the same award in allow the sale of 125,000,000 bushels loan gaged in -nonessential activities. That the near future. wheat for feed. We urge you give your sup­ port to an increase in the appropriation for is, roughly, equivalent .to 45 miles of What is the significance of the award the stamp plan and the Farm Security Ad­ automobile travel a week. of the Navy E? ministration. Mr. President, the largest industry in In the traditions of the United States E. K. DEAN, my State is the tourist business. From it Navy, the highest of all honors is the Pr esident, Kan sas Farmers' Union. my State and the people thereof derive Navy E-coveted emblem of excellence, GASOLINE RATIONING AND CONSERVA­ an annual income of approximately awarded by the Navy since 1906 for su­ TION OF RUBBER $100,000,000. That income comes to us premacy in gunnery, battle practice. or from tourists, or those engaged in so­ engineering. Mr. WHITE. Mr. President, I shall called nonessential motoring. The ex­ The Navy keeps continuous records of take only a few minutes of the Senate's isting regulations destroy this $100,000,- the performance . of the crew of every time. I ask unanimous consent to have 000 business of my State. ship and plane in engineering and gun­ printed in the RECORD at this point a copy If this sacrifice is necessary in the war nery. Ships are classified by design, of a letter the original of which was effort, and if equal burdens are borne by such as battleships, cruisers, and destroy­ sent to Secretary Ickes, Mr. Henderson, other States, Maine will not complain; ers, and at the end of each year the c"rew Mr. Nelson, and Mr. Eastman. The four but, Mr. President, the spirit of unity does in each class whose ship has the high­ original letters were signed by the five not ftourish in fields ,of preference or dis­ est rating in engineering is given per­ members of the Maine congressional crimination; and our people do not find mission to paint the letter E on one of delegation. . in the existing plan of distribution that the funnels. Crews with highest rat­ There being no objection, the letter equality of consideration and treatment ings in gunnery paint the E on a mast or was ordered to be printed in the RECORD, which in good conscience we are entitled bridge. Men in an individual gun tur­ as follows: to receive. So far as I can see, there is ret' also can win an E for gunnery, in MAY 19, 1942. no principle which justifies according to which case they paint the letter on the JOSEPH B. EASTMAN, one State a supply ·of oil or gasoline not turret. Chairman, Interstate Commerce accorded to another. There is no justi­ The idea behind the use of this award Commission, Washington, D. C. fication for excepting from the imposed in the Navy was to provide recognition MY DEAR MR. EASTMAN: The undersigned, for excellence, and an incentive for fur­ Members of the Maine congressional delega­ restrictions the counties in one State tion, are gravely concerned by the effects of and applying the restrictions with full ·ther fine work. This same purpose now the recently promulgated gas-rationing regu­ vigor in all the counties of another State. applies to the use of the Navy E within lations upon our State, and especially we are Mr. President, very practical reasons, industry supplying material for the Navy. disturbed because of the feeling of our peo­ as well as regard for principle, demand In the words of Secretary of the Navy ple that they are not receiving that equality doing away with discriminations in the Knox, when he cited the first E awards, of treatment to which in good conscience they use of gasoline. There is no shortage of To show our appreciation of the way Amer­ are entitled. gasoline. There is a problem of trans­ ican industry has gone to bat in this emer­ We understand that there is no shortage of gency, the Navy l;las decided to award the fuel oil and gas. With respect to these, the portation and distribution. There is an acute national need for rubber. Rub­ highly coveted E to the management and problem is one of transportation and distri­ .employees of those plants who are doing an bution and not of supply. We understand ber is vital to our war effort. Rubber outstanding job in the production of naval further that there is an acute shortage of should be conserved, not alone in Maine, material. It's the Navy's way of saying, "Well rubber and of tires and other products of but everywhere throughout the Nation. done." rubber and that the conservation of rubber It is estimated that a quarter of a mil­ is of supreme importance in our war effort. lion pounds of ruober are consumed each Mr. President, when the history of the We feel that this necessity for conservation day by automobiles. This rubber should great effort made by America since·Pearl of rubber demands that there should be equal Harbor is written it will show how Amer­ efforts and equal sacrifices to this end in all be saved in States in which gasoline is parts of our country. If a restriction upon available as well as in States in which ica became unified, how we "played ball" the use of gas in New England and in Maine there is a shortage of gasoline. · together like men on a football team, for­ limits the demands upon tires and makes We in Maine can find no justification getting our differences and going forward contribution to rubber conservation, it must for a policy which permits and encour­ under the direction of the captain. be true that unrestrained use of tires in ages unlimited wear and tear upon tires When the history of America is written States where gas may for the time be abun­ in one State, through free use of automo­ much that has been said about the great dant makes contribution to the wastage of industrial leaders and the industry of tires and rubber in ·such areas. biles, and which, through the device of We cannot justify a policy which permits gasoline regulation, sharply limits the use this Nation will have to be retracted. In­ and encourages unlimited wear and tear upon of automobiles and tires in another State. dustry has done a tremendous job. In tires in one State and which, through the We are encouraged to note that our my State industry and labor have coop­ device of gas regulations, sharply limits the authorities in the Nation's capital are erated in a notable way. They have done use of the automobile and of tireen very much interested in up the motion to suspend the rule, and Conservation Corps, theW. P. A., and the that proposal; but unfortunately it was asked that the amendment which ·I in­ Forest Service, it became necessary to omitted. This amendment is to provide tend to offer in case the motion should change three words, so that_ the money an increase of $6,000 in the appropria­ be adopted, be read for the information may be specifically devoted to that pur­ tion for the purpose of maintaining the of the Senate. The question comes first pose, not to new construction. That is station at Charleston, S.C., in which the on the motion to suspend the rule, notice the purpose of the first amendment, and junior Senator from South Carolina iS of which I gave several weeks ago for the I ask that it be stated. very much interested. purpose of offering the amendment. LXXXVIII--277 4398 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE Mr. RUSSELL. The Senator knows ship we exert in this matter. I make this if, for one moment, farmers were to be that I am bound by the rule of the com­ statement without fear of challenge and left "holding the bag" after they had mittee to make a point of order against wish to lay before you my considered started the job. It would be a catastro­ the amendment. judgment for the immediate necessity of phe to the farmers and a knockout blow Mr. LA- FOLLETTE. I am not seeking this action. for us and our Allies, since we have got to offer the amendment. Under the There is not a country in the world to­ to depend on the farmers doing a bigger rules, I am simply calling· up my motion day that does not see the importance of job every day. to suspend the rule, in order that, if the food and fibers for total victory. The Congress has given.the Department of motion shall be agreed to, the amend­ Axis is struggling to conquer and loot Agriculture and farmers some ammuni­ ment may be offered. lands that h,ave wheat, vegetables, and tion for their war job, and it has also The VICE PRESIDENT. The ques­ potatoes, livestock products, and other given them directions on carrying it out. tion is on the motion of the Senator agricultural commodities even more des­ The most important directive we have from Wisconsin to suspend the rule. perately than it has been struggling to given thus far has been in the so-called Mr. BARKLEY. Mr. President, could gain oil, minerals, and munj.tion plants. Steagall bill-Public, 147. ·That bill pro­ not the amendment be offered so as to We . have a farm program-production vides that when we ask the farmers to do determine whether it will be subJ ect to goals-in which the Department of Agri­ the production job and get us the sup­ a point of order, in which case it would culture assumes the responsibility for plies for distribution, the Department of not be necessary to make the motion to guaranteeing that we in this country ·Agriculture shall use all resources avail­ suspend the rule? · shall have abundant food and fiber. able to see that farmers get at least 85 Mr. LA FOLLETTE. I grant that the -This is to meet all requirements for the percent of parity. amendment is subject to a point of order, Military Establishments, lend-lease, ex­ In the Department of Agriculture it and,' therefore, I am proceeding, as pro­ ports: and our domestic consumers. We is the Agricultural Marketing Adminis­ vided by the rules, to call up a motion have taken on the job of seeing that our tration that has to assume the biggest notice of which was previo\lsly given, to food stocks at all times shall be sufficient part of the job. We have done a pretty suspend the rule, in which case, if the to meet the emergency needs both here thorough job of providing funds and au­ rule is suspended, I intend to offer the and abroad, and that increasing produc­ thority to protect the producers of the amendment just read by the clerk. tion shall keep up with the absolute needs basic crops. But there is one thing we The 'VICE PRESIDENT. The ques­ of the war. have got to remember. Dairy, poultry, tion is on agreeing to the motion of the The farmers are doing the job of pro­ and livestock products, fruits and vege­ Senator from Wisconsin to suspend ducing. The Department of Agriculture tables account for about 70 percent of paragraph 4 of rule XVI. has the job of helping to see that the -the total cash income of farmers. None Mr. BILBO. Mr. President, after the commodities are produced, processed, of these is a basic crop. All of them are House of Representatives cut last year's shipped, and _utilized in a way that will crops or products for which we are ask­ appropriation for the support and main­ maximize the efficiency necessary for the ing increased production and distribu- tenance of the Agricultural Marketing war effort. The country knows about tion. i Administration with its many and ever­ -production goals. It understands the The Agricultural Marketing Adminis­ increasing duties and responsibilities to meaning of the term "food for freedom." tration has major responsibility for su­ the poor, destitute, and ·unemployed, to Every optimistic report on achievement pervising these commodities. Senators the over 9,000,000 improperly fed and un­ of the goals is hailed with more enthu­ know how well it is doing the job. It is dernourished school children, to the not siasm than a 20-percent rise in the stock the largest buyer of agricultural products all too prosperous farmers, and to the market ever could produce. That is a in the United States. It buys these to "all-out war effort" in production and great thing, because it means we are meet lend-lease food requirements, since distribution of food to our own people, to recognizing the real issues in the war. practically all of the food for lend-lease our own soldiers, and to the citizens and These production goals are distribution is purchased by it. Incidentally, its rec­ soldiers in our Allied Nations in our lend­ goals at the same time. There is not a ord is the best of any of the lend-lease lease program, from $223,000,000 to single request for increased production agencies so far as meeting the British $131,000,000, a cut of ninety-two millions, that is not worked out in terms of the needs is concerned and providing the I had prepared an amendment to be need for distributing the production. major part of all shipments under lend­ offered to the Agricultural appropriation Much must be produced .for the United lease to the United Nations. It is buying bill restoring to at least the amount ap­ Nations and the Military Establishments, and shipping to Hawaii the staples propriated to the Agricultural Marketing even at the cost of domestic consumption. needed to guarantee the civilian popula­ Administration in last year's appropfia­ Much of it is to meet the expanding tion an adequate supply of food to meet tion bill. requirements of domestic market since any emergency. It does this job by au­ I waited patiently and hopefully for the the continuous high labor productivity thority of Congress which established a Senate Appropriations Committee to for war can only be maintained with a revolving fund for purchases maintained make the restoration without the need of thoroughly well-fed population. Some through the sale cf commodities to the my amendmest. I am happy to say that of the supplies are for reserves to meet regular channels of trade in Hawaii. my hopzs were partially fulfilled by this later needs domestically or abroad, or to Aside from this, it supports prices and committee, which wisely and 'graciously be prepared for emergencies that cannot assures outlets through buying and dis­ restored about one-half of the necessary be precisely determined at the present. tributing foodstuffs directly to needy and imperative amount. Since the able We have a total production and distribu­ school children and unemployed persons, _ and distinguished senior Senator from tion goal that is framed for the total and through normal trade channels Wisconsin [Mr. LA FOLLETTE] has ii'\tro­ war effort. That is agriculture's con­ under the food-stamp program. It has dUced an amendment for the same pur­ tribution. shipped hundreds of thousands of bales of pose, I have refrained from presenting How is this being achieved? First, we low-grade cotton to low-income farmers my own amendment, and am happy to are. telling farmers of the Nation, and who would never have had decent bed­ join in the fight to secure the adoption of every farmer in every county of the ding and who make their own mattresses his amendment. United ~tates, what we expect him to do; from the cotton goods made available by In this period of our history, when it and he is out in the fields every day doing the Agricultural Marketing Administra­ is our duty to scrutinize every Govern­ that job. But he knows and we know ·tion. It is seeing that surplus milk, at ment activity in terms of its jmmediate that production job has to be -backed by least a part of it, that is not used 'for contribution to the total war effort, I two things if it is to be continuous and evaporated milk, cheese, butter, and have no hesitancy in urging that this in­ successful. First, the farmer has got to other ·products, gets to needy school crease in appropriations must be made know that he can come out all right on children for a penny a glass. It is seeing immediately. We in Congress must not the job, that the price for his product that no fruits or vegetables are allowed be found wanting in the leadership that will cover the cost of the job he has been to go to waste. In other words, it is the country expects during this period. assigned. Second, he has got to know doing one of the biggest jobs in the I know that millions of people-farm­ that we are going to take the supplies world-the job of helping to bring about . ers, public officials, and businessmen-are from him and see that they are distrib­ the production· and increase and defi­ vitally concerned over the type of leader- uted. It would be a national catastrophe nitely assuming responsibility for seeing 1942 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 4399 that every pound of agricultural products the world expect of agriculture. As to can supply only the specific commodities is used to the best possible advantage. other crops, where the production is con­ which the United Nations need. It can­ That is a big job, but no bigger than tinuous it has to work now to divert addi­ not give the protection to the other crops what has to be done. We cannot fail tional quantities to one outlet such as and products that are important to ~th~job. · clieese, or at another time to evaporated farmers and the Nation. Moreover, The record is pretty clear on what is milk, All the time it must see that in­ lend-lease buying is not feeding any happening to agriculture. Looking at the creasing supplies of all these products are hungry people . in this country, even industry as a whole, and comparing its made available. . though it is a weapon on the front line current position with the miserable state· The new price-ceiling orders raise new among the United Nations. it was in 10 years ago, agriculture is rela­ problems. 0. P. A.'s first commandment To do its job on the whole agricultural tively prosperous. That has been there­ is that there shall be no increase in the front, it has been suggested by some that sult of rising national incomes and of the cost of living.. The Department of Agri­ the Agricultural Marketing Administra­ strong farm programs. The Agricultural· culture's first commandment is that we tion receive $131,000,000. That is 30 per­ Marketing Administration's buying op­ shall have increased supplies of food. cent' of the customs revenue for the cal­ erations is one of the most important rea­ The Agricultural Marketing Administra­ endar year 1941, an amount which Con­ sons for that strength. In addition to tion has the job of seeing that the farmer gress has each year appropriated for its the nonbasic crops, representing 70 per­ is not caught in the middle, and it has to programs. -Actually, that is the largest cent of agricultural income, the basic work out most of the problem of. seeing amount of money received from customs crops have been getting major support that we get the increased supplies with­ revenue for agricultural use in any year from the Agricultural Marketing Admin­ out penalizing the farmer. It .can do this since the fiscal year 1939. But the $131,- istration. Through the Agricultural job, we know, but we have to give it the 000,000 is 40 percent less than we saw Marketing Administration's mattress sinews of war for the job, namely, more fit to appropriate for the work last year, program alone, domestic utilizatiOI1 of money. and $92,000,000 less than last year's ap­ cotton has been increased by approxi­ Yes;. prices are very favorable for agri­ propriation. It is $105,000,000 less than mately 500,000 bales in a single year. culture as a whole-just under parity for was appropriated in the fiscal year 1941, The careful experiments that the Agricul­ all crops, according to the latest official and $75,000,000 less than was . appro­ tural Marketing Administration devel­ :figures. But the Agricultural Marketing priated in the fiscal year 1940. oped on the use of cotton for bale cover­ Administration has to be prepared to It is all right for us to say that we ing are now proving a life saver since the underwrite potato prtces, which are cur­ should have economy, but we are not supply of burlap is reduced. The peanut rently strong but may be weaker with­ economizing on the war effort. At least industry has been put on a profitable out their action. We cannot be short of we had better not. The Agricultural basis, and the program for diverting 'pea­ a .crop like potatoes, from which farmers Marketing Administration has been given nuts to oil is now looming as one of the can divert to other crops fairly easily. a larger part of the responsibility for most hopeful means in meeting the loss Sweetpotatoes are bringing pretty low helping farmers do their war job. of imported fats and oils. prices right now, 23 percent below par­ Through the Steagall bill we gav~ them But if the general situation is health­ ity, according to the Bureau of Agricul­ a more definite responsibility than ever ier, and well in line with what Congress tural Economics. Butterfat prices have before to maintain farm prices. We are has established to be its agricultural pol­ declined recently, and the Agricultural asking farmers to make shifts in pro­ icy, we have also got to remember that Marketing Administration has to swing duction and great expansion in specific we have given to the Agricultural Mar­ into action because the price of butter­ crops. I submit that job cannot be done keting Administration tremendous re­ fat tells the single most important story with $131,000,000; no one expects that it sponsibility, and new problems are de­ about the production of :fluid milk, evapo­ can, and we must not, through our neg-­ velop~g all the time. Some of them are rated milk, dry milk, btftter, and cheese. ligence, permit any failure in the job. not immediate but may develop in the Egg prices declined markedly under There is another aspect of this matter. next 12 months. Because our problem is the influence of greatly increased pro- Every dollar spent results in getting the one of maintaining an increased produc­ . duction, and the Agricultural Market­ best possible use out of food and fibers tion of many commodities, the Agricul­ !ng Administration waded in and brought for the war effort. Lend-lease gets the· tural Marketing Administration has to them back quickly. Few people think bulk of it. With the help of our foods grapple with such longer-time problems. very often of the South as an important Great Britain is giving a free school lunch In the canning situation alone, it has to commercial egg producer. But our to about 90 percent of the school children. assure us and the Nation of an abundant farmers, and mostly our little farmers, I wish Senators would remember that. supply of vegetables and fruits at the very are asking hens to work for the war, and We have 9,000,000 children· who are en­ time that the use of tin cans has to be they are getting a surprisingly large pro­ titled to this service and only 6,000,000 curtailed. That means developing dehy­ duction. To help, the Agricultural Mar­ are enjoying the service. We are fur­ dration facilities, economic and sound . keting Administration established for the nishing the food with which England is ways of preserving foods and food values. first time a program which would make affording free lunches to her school chil­ It has to be sure that reserve stocks will it possible for farmers or groups of dren. She is providing huge restaurants meet any call of the Military Establish- farmers to get together 10 cases of eggs where workers can get good meals at low . ments. It has to attack every bottleneck, or more and sell them in the fresh form. cost. Great Britain is itself spending whether it be in processing or machinery, It organized an intensive drive for in­ approximately $500,000,000 on food sub­ transportation or warehousing, which creased sale of eggs for dehydration sidies. If we were to spend as much for threatens or may threaten to prevent throughout the South. As a result, the our population on a per capita basis as most effective utilization of increasing farmers have had a real chance to do a Great Britain is spending, we would have supplies of food and fiber. job of production and sale for the United to be spending at the rate of $1,300,000,- In its early history it used to respond to Nations. 000 a year. Great Britain 'does not do needs as the fire department responds to Fruits, vegetables, and citrus need help that spending because of generosity. It a fire call. When prices went · to low currently, and are getting it. The bean is what a nation at war has to do. We levels, it would rush in and try to salvage market is being stabilized, and beans are are not spending anything like that for crops and farmers. But now it cannot proving to be a fairly good substitute for people of this country and we do not have afford, and we cannot afford, to let farm­ meat in areas where it is hard to get to. But we do have to spend more than ers or any commodity group get ~to a meat. $131,000,000. The food which does not go position where production will fall off. Those are some of the real problems to lend-lease and is bought in the price­ For most crops, the Agricultural Mar­ that mean the Agricultural Marketing supporting effort is used for purposes in keting Administration has to see that the Administration has to have the financial which everyone of us can have nothing price situation is right when farmers are resources to do the job. It is true that but pride. This very month 6,200,000 planting, and when they are plan~g to it has received hundreds of millions of school children in 93,000 schools--22 per­ plant, as well ~s when they are harvesting dollars under lend-lease. Let us not for­ cent of the total enrollment of the United and selling, if we are to be sure of ob­ get that in buying for lend-lease the States-are getting food shipped by the taining the supplies which the Nation and Agricultural Marketing Administration Agricultural Marketing Administration 4400 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE MAY 20 for a free school-lunch program. In my We gave free school lunches this year over the United States are beginning judgment, we ought to reach more school to over f) ,000,000 undernourished school to find their inventories depleted. The children. To make democracy work a children of America, but there are over prospective order rationing gasoline all free school lunch can do as much as free 3,000,000 more who need these lunches. over the United States, if it goes into textbooks, if not more, and it costs us Vote this comparatively small increase, effect, will close filling station after fill­ less than $1 a month per child. and we will be able to furnish free school ing station, and will throw more and more Millions of pounds of food and fiber lunches to 9,000,000 needy and under­ people out of work, for it is a well-known products are being received by needy un­ nourished children, instead of 6,000,000, fact that tho.se who are employed in the employed people. I am proud of the fact and extend the food stamp plan to part ·so-called service industries cannot, with­ that we are giving 198,000 people in fam­ of the 1,500 counties in the United States out retraining, be made available for ac­ ilies in the State of Mississippi extra food which are now asking for it and cannot tual work in the manufacture and pro­ to provide them increased strength and get the service. duction of war materials. to maintain their morale. I am proud We have watched many countries fall Mr. President, I wish to point out that of the fact that 324,000 children in my while we were getting strength. In each despite the fact that this program has State alone are getting free school good excuses were offered at the time, perhaps had general and universal sup­ lunches. One of the most remarkable excuses which they could make to them­ port by persons of all points of view and things we have ever done has been to see selves and to others. We know that none in all walks of life, it has never attained that nearly 8,000,000 people in families of those excuses were good enough. the objective which those who conceived everywhere in the United States receive "Too late -and too little" was the real it had in mind. Last year, it is esti­ some of that extra food that we are pur­ trouble every time. That must not hap­ mated, there were in the United States chasing to help farmers. There is not a pen here, and it will not happen here if about 28,000,000 school children. A con­ State in the Union-in fact, even in the we go all the way and do our full duty. servative estimate is that 9,000,000 of Territories of Puerto Rico, the Virgin Therefore, let me urge the adoption of those 28,000,000 school children came Islands, and Hawaii-which has not the pending amendment. from families in the very low income benefited through the fact that more Mr. LA FOLLETTE. Mr. President, groups. Nevertheless, with the funds than 6,0.00,000 children get that food and the amendment which I have offered, if available last year only four and a half more than 8,000,000 persons in families its consideration be permitted by sus--. million children received ·the supple­ are thus assisted. pension of the rule, would· appropriate mental school lunch which is provided I know many people think that unem­ for the disposal of surplus commodities by the Surplus Marketing Administra­ ployment is gone, and that there are no and their distribution to needy persons tion. There were about 11,700,000 per­ longer any needy people. But here are the same sum that was appropriated by sons last year eligible r'or <;iistribution Congress for the fiscal year which is now under the stamp plan, and yet only from som~ facts. There are in the United States today-May 1942-between nine drawing to a close. It is true that the three and a half million to four mil­ and ten million people teceiving public Bureau of the Budget impounded some lion persons were able to take advantage of the funds which Congress appropri­ of that program. assistance and about one and five-tenths ated in the agricultural appropriation million who are eligible to receive it but During the last year, 1941, a relatively not getting it. Most of these are de­ bill and in the relief act of last year, so prosperous year as recent years go, more that the reappropriation of such im­ than 10,700,000 persons were living in pendent children, aged, blind, and physi­ pounded balances for last year and the cally unfit. A number represent people family units which received less than two preceding fiscal years will provide $500 a year income, and more than 23,- whose efficiency can be brought up or within about $14,449,756 of what was who are temporarily in need of public 500,000 persons were living in family actually spent by the Surplus Marketing units with incomes of less than $750 per assistance because of unemployment. Administration. But the amendment Sometimes industries in their regions annum. These figures are the recent which I have offered wouid, in addition estimates made by the Office of Price have not felt the war boom, or there have to the amendment made available by the been severe . dislocations in converting Administration. The expenditures for committee for the reappropriation of food in the low-income families, those industry to war needs. We are all grate­ the unexpended and impounded bal­ with incomes under $1,000 a year, were ful that the number of needy unemployed ances, provide the same amount of dol­ grossly . inadequate measured by any and their dependents has gone down lar appropriations that were provided by proper nutritional standards. Although from a peak of more than 25,000,000 in the Congress last year. expenditures for food constitute a larger 1933 to over 10,000,000 now, and we hope Mr. President, in my opinion, the need percentage of income received, the aver­ for- a further decline. But the ugly fact for this money is more than adequately age expenditures for food per family in. is that we do have nearly 10,000,000 peo­ justified. In the first place, let me point the income classes under $1,000 was less ple who are inadequately fed. I regret out to my colleagues that defense and than one-half of the family expenditures to say that in my own State there are war expenditures and the distribution of . for food in the $2,500-income class, and people trying to get by with food expendi­ war contracts have indeed been very less tllan one-fourth the average expen­ tures of less than 2'12 cents per person spotty; in fact, they have been concen­ ditures in the $10,000-income class. In per meal, and I know the same condition trated, indeed, overly concentrated, in other words, .2,315,000 families in the exists in many other States of the South. mY opinion, with'the net result that cer­ United States last year had incomes Even in the more prosperous northern tain industrial areas have been swamped which permitted them to spend only 5.2 cities there are millions who are trying with war contracts and war work, cents per person per meal for food. A to get by today on 5 cents a person per whereas other areas of the country have large proportion of these, with the help meal. We can all regret it, but we can­ received practically no economic stimulus of the Surplus Marketing Administra­ not deny it. And we better not let this from the distribution of such contracts tion, were able actually to secure the food situation exist without doing something and work. · equivalent of 7.8 cents per person per about it. Furthermore, I think many of the au­ meal. The Agricultural Marketing Adminis­ thorities in Washington are not now Mr. President, in the light of these tration cannot do a job on the human aware of the terrific impact which t}1e startling, and what I contend to be shock­ side of .seeing that iri this war period our necessary orders now being issued by the ing figures, in the face of the ability of people are decently fed if we give them 0. P. A. and by the W. P. B., to prevent this country to produce food, is it any substantially smaller sums of money further utilization of commodities for wonder that General Hershey, Director of than last year. These needy people manufacture for civilian purposes, have the Selective Service, has pointed out must be rehabilitated. That is part of already had and will continue to have that perhaps one-third of the men who the job of making democracy work. It during the coming fiscal year upon the were originally rejected by the Selective is part of the war effort of making people cities, towns, and villages of the United Service were rejected because of defects able to perform useful services. These States. In fact, the impact of the con­ directly or indirectly due to nutritional school children have to be sure of having version to war effort and of denying deficiency? I may remind my colleagues healthy bodies and minds. They have manufacturing and business concerns that 40 percent of the flower of the young to be in condition to serve their country, the opportunity to produce and sell the manhood of this Nation originally called and food for growing children is the best usual civilian commodities is already up for selection was rejected because of medicine that exists. beginning to have its effect. Stores all physical or other deficiencies, and the 1942 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 4401 man at the head of this Service has stated camel and straining at the gnat, to re- · result in the expenditure of any consid­ that more than one-third of the rejec­ fuse to provide the means designed to erable amount of money, because the tions were due either directly or indi­ help the underprivileged and to make amount would be almost as much as the Iectly to malnutrition or to nutritional the young manhood and young woman­ Surplus Marketing Administration has deficiencies. l.ood of. the Nation better equipped to spent during the current year. Due to Mr. President, the Surgeon General of meet the exigencies of war and of the the fact that the Budget impounded the United States has stated that the post-war period. thirty-seven and one-half million dollars school-lunch program is the most bas­ Mr. President, for no invidious purpose of the funds appropriated last year, when ically helpful step which has been taken I wish to point out that Congress has ap­ the Congress exceeded the Budget esti­ by this Nation in improving the health propriated literally billions of dollars for mates by $127,000,000 or $128,000,000, of the people. lend-lease purposes, and many hundred the amount which is provided in the com­ I am sure I share with everyone within million-in fact, several billion dollars..:..... mittee amendment is within $9,000,000 the sound of my voice the. fervent hope have already been spent for that purpose. of the total which will be expended bY that the war in which we are now en­ I do not object to that policy, but I say the Surplus Marketing Administration gaged may be quickly and speedily won, that much of it is being utilized todi1Y to during the current year. but I think it would be a great mistake, provide a school lunch for every child We are all interested ·in this program. in shaping the policies of this Nation in England, regardless of the economic In the committee report the committee during the war, to proceed :1pon anY status of the home from which the child pointed out that--- other assumption than that it may prove comes. That decision, I am sure, is pred­ In reappropriating these unexpended bal­ to be a long one. If, by the grace of icated upon a sound policy for the con­ ances, the committee expects the school-lunch God, we are permitted to win it quickly, duct of the· war from the standpoint of program to be maintained at all events, and · we can soon alter the plans which have Great Britain, but, Mr. President, if we hopes that a larger amount of milk will be been projected for its conduct into the can appropriate money for that purpose, USed. future, but if, perchance, it should prove then I say that indeed it would be a nig­ We were told by the representatives to be a long war, we will indeed be glad gardly Congress which would refuse to of the Surplus Marketing Administration and will bless the day when we predi­ provide at least a portion of the children that if the unexpended balances were cated the policies of this Nation upon the of this country who are underprivileged approved by the House and made avail­ assumption that it would be a long war. with a supplemental meal which would able they would be able to maintain the Mr. President, the youn~ men to whom bring their dietary standard to such a school-lunch program. . we will have to look, the classes of 1944, point that if the Nation needs them it In all fairness, I do not believe that of 1945, and of 1946, perchance, are at will not have to reject them because of at this time . we . can justify increasing the very age when, if we can provide them malnutrition and the deficiencies created the appropriations for the so-called with additional nutrition, additional food, thereby. stamp plan, or for the distributi,on of we can prevent to a considerable degree So, Mr. President, not wishing longer surplus commodities. Today thousands the cruel and shocking deficiency which to detain the Senate, admitting frankly of people who have been beneficiaries of has been so c.ompletely demonstrated to that the committee has already provided the food-stamp program have employ-­ exist by the selective service experience these impounded balances, and that it ment in war industries and are earning thus far had. will provide within $14,449,755 of what more money than they have ever earned Furthermore, I wish to point out 'that was spent last year, I plead with my col­ before. Almost any man in the Nation from the standpoint of agriculture, de­ leagues in the Senate, in the name of the today who is mentally and physically spite the fact that we are maktng huge oncoming generation, in the name of the sound can obtain a job of some kind, appropriations and purchases for lend­ youth of America upon whom we shall somewhere-if not in industry or on pub­ lease purposes and for the armed forces have to depend if this war lasts long, as I lic works, certainly on the farm. of the United States, the war needs and fear it will-in their name I plead with The amount in the bill will allow for Government requests for increased pro­ my colleagues who have placed the offi­ the food-stamp plan within a few mil­ duction will have the effect of unbalanc­ cial stamp of apProval upon the appro­ lion dollars of the amount which is avail­ ing the supply of specific commodities, priation of billions upon billions of dol­ able this year. The only persons who which will bring 'about unusual market­ lars, to suspend the rule, and to appro­ are jusVfied in receiving any considera­ ing conditions, which, even though but priate $45,947,000 for the children and ble number of food stamps are those who temporary, can be met only by such ma­ the underprivileged of America. are physically or mentally incapacitated chinery as that provided by the Surplus Mr. RUSSELL. Mr. President, all of from earning their livelihood. Marketing Administration. Unusual us have been tremendously interested in We have all been sympathetic to this ·marketing conditions will continually this item of appropriation for some years. program. The committee which reports arise while agriculture passes through I can readily appreciate the feelings of the bill to the Senate has nursed the pro­ this change of production in order to the Senator from Wisconsin which gram along from year to year and has meet the varying demands of our Nation prompted him to make his very eloquent consistently increased th. Bilbo Danaher Hughes ered, I desire to direct my remarks to live On this question I have a pair with th~ Bulow Doxey La Follette cattle and other livestock products, which 4404 CONGRESSIONAL· RECORD-SENATE MAY 20 constitute one of principal sources of liveli- . indicated in the following table, the farm has before it the question of reciprocal hood and income of our people. . . value of the cattle alone being more than trade agreements between this Republic Before proceeding I want to say that the $3,000,000,000: and the· Republics of Mexico and Bolivia, stockmen and farmers in my part of the on the matter of importation of strategic country and I believe everywhere, have proven Class of that they are good neighbors, so we do not live- Average, 1940 1941 1942 and essential war metals. In order that need to dwell on that phase of the question. stock 1931-40 the expressions of some of us who are­ They have and will continue to contribute to interested in the subject from the stand­ the economic welfare of the people of Mex­ Cattle ___ 67,575,000 68,197, 0()1) 71,461,000 74,607,000 point of protecting our own industries ico. As always, they are willing to help work Sheep ____ 52,281,000 52,399,000 54-,283,000 55,979,000 might be expressed, I transmitted to the out measures mutually beneficial for est!J.b­ Hogs ____ 51,566,000 61,115,000 54,256,000 60,526,000 Committee for Reciprocity Information lishing and maintaining cordial relations my views on the subject. I ask unan­ with their neighbors. It will be observed that livestock production The proposal to reduce further the tari1f imous consent that my letter of trans­ in this country is on an upward cycle. Any mittal, together with the statement at­ duties on live cattle and the many other com­ action . taken now which will depreciate the modities greatly disturbs my people. They value of livestock on band and impair the tached, be printed in the RECORD. believe that the time has passed for making huge investment that is involved would be There being no objection, the letter .;further concessions for the benefit of pro­ most unfair to our producers and should not and statement were ordered to be printed ducers in other countries. They believe that be contemplated. in the RECORD, as follows: if further concessions are made and existing In the past, it bas been argued by some, tariff rates reduced still further, it will un­ MAY 19, 1942. that a larger market outlet is needed for Subject: Trade agreement negotiations with doubtedly result in an increased flood 9f live manufactured commodities. With wartime cattle and other farm commodities which Mexico and Bolivia. needs and consequent restrictions for most The CHAIRMAN, would enter into direct competition with of them, this argument is hardly applicable our own producers and supplant consumption COMMITTEE FOR RECIPROCITY INFORMATION, at this time. Tariff Comm-:ssion Building, of domestic products to the extent of such When the argument for pursuing the an­ imports. The effect of bringing in these Washington, D. C. nounced policy is analyzed, it is apparent .MY DEAR MR. CHAIRMAN: I respectfully beg cheaper products from Mexico would further that the principal reasons for granting fur­ depress market prices and burden our pro­ leave to file this letter, presented rather late ther concessions to Mexico at this time is because of the stress of oftlcial business here ducers at a time when there is some chance. principally to help Mexican producers. When of some degree of recovery from a decade of it is known that the effect will be detrimen­ !n the Senate. ruinously low prices. It is also doubtful that tal to our own producers, certainly great care · No one can deny the necessity for unusual our consumers would receive any materilll will be exercised in selecting the items for quantities of essential metals; and inasmuch benefit from these cheaper products. reduction in tariff duty. . In doing this it as our primary aim and object is to win this My opposition to any further reduction in should be remembered that, on the average, war, the sources from whence we may derive tariff duties on cattle, sheep, and other farm . it costs only about 40 percent as much to these essential metals cannot be too-seriously commodities is largely summarized under the produce cattle, for example, in Mexico as it questioned. . following headings: does in this country. However, in permitting foreign countries 1. Mexico needs the beef and most of the Some have put forth the argument that to bring essential and strategic metals into other food products produced for the proper the number of cattle or amount of other :America, I respectfully urge that your com­ nourishment of her own people. Further­ commodities to be brought in would be small, mittee look with caution that nothing be more, we do not need it and do not want it, and the concession, if granted, would not done to destroy American initiative i_n mining as much of it is of a class and grade which materially affect stockmen and farmers in and American production of all war essen­ we have in abundance. this country. It is known, however, that the tials. 2. The economic position of the American total concessions which have been granted The American standard of living must not stockmen and farmers is such that th~y are add up to a total of great proportions. That be lost sight of, nor should it be put up unable to withstand further sacrifices· for portion of our market which has thus been against peon and slave labor from other the benefit of producers in other countries. .given over to neighboring countries often countries . To give over the home market to other coun­ means the differenc~ between profit and loss American investment and American initia­ tries robs our people of their chance to meet for our producers. There can be but one tive in mining activity should not be dis­ the huge financial and other obligations answer-bankruptcy and ruin for many of couraged. If the American miner is com­ devolving upon them. our producers. pelled to compete with foreign conditions, 3. Our producers want to maintain, if pos­ The imports, for consumption, of total cat­ based on an economy entirely out of line with sible, the American standard and the good tle from Mexico into the United States for the American way of living, then we can health of their herds and flocks. Our stock­ the 10-year period of 1931 to 1940, inclusive, scarcely expect the American enterprise to men are apprehensive for fear of infectious were as follows: go forward. If the American investor does livestock diseases and pests from imports of not make the investment, then we can live animals from other countries. scarcely expect American labor to be encour­ Year ended Year ended 4. If it is necessary to extend- further aid D ec31- Number Dec31- Number aged. If the prospector cannot develop his to producers in other countries, some other -----1------mining claim after be bas made the discovery, means of doing so should be employed so 1931______or if after developing his mining claim, be 66,745 1936 ______164,730 that the burden will fall more evenly upon 1932 ______{)0, 051 cannot sell his product at a price that would 1933 ______19381937-- ______------_ 199,460 all our people. Stockmen and farmers in­ 62,624 286,245 justify his effort, and 1f this condition is sist that through lend-lease or some other 1934 ______1939 ______1935 ______57,090 1940 ______478,832 brought about by reason of the importation· medium such aid as necessary be extended so 251, 370 410.843 of slave and peon produced commodities, only that the burden will be borne by an of our one result will follow, namely, mining indus­ citizens. · Given the American market with reason­ try at home will be discouraged and de­ It should be remembered that our own able protection which is accorded the prod­ stroyed, and that discouragement will not farmers and stockmen have gone through a ucts of industry, the American stockmen only prevail- during the war but will in all most unfavorable economic period for al­ and farmers can and will supply all of our probability extend into the post-war period. most two decades. During the last 10 years essential needs and more, and at prices which I know no better way of expressing my they have been in a serious economic plight nonfarm consumers can well afford to pay, views to your honorable committee than to in many sections, huge sums of money hav­ as the income of the urban people bas an subscribe to and endorse the statement filed ing been appropriated in an effort to save income of about four times that of the by the American Mining Congress, a copy of them from bankruptcy and ruin. farmer. On the other band, if the American which I attach hereto, endorsing and making Unless farmers and stockmen can be as­ market is to be given over to producers of it a part hereof. sured of the home market for disposing of other countries, a little here and a little Sincerely, their livestock and other farm commodities, there, ruination of the American farmer and PA'l; McCARRAN. with reasonable protection for the American [Enclosure.] standards which they help to maintain, it stockman will be the inevitable result. will not; only be impossible for them to sup­ It should be remembered that Mexico bas ply all of the products we need and the in­ no surplus of cattle. If American producers THE AMERICAN MINING CONGRESS, creasing demands of other countries, not were selfish, they would not only encourage Washington, D. C., May 6, 1942. because of any unwillingness to do their part producers to market their cattle in this coun­ The CHAIRMAN, but because of their financial inability to try, but drain their farms and ranches of COMMITTEE FOR RECIPROCITY INFORMATION, carry on under existing conditions. breeding cattle as well. As we see the future, Tariff Commission Building, It must be remembered that it requires Mexico, like our own country, should pre­ Washington, D. C.: years to • grow into the cattle business. It serve a strong and healthy livestock industry. Subject: Trade agreement negotiations with requires years to bring cattle to marketable TRADE AGREEMENT NEGOTIATIONS WITH Mexico and Bolivia. age and finish. MEXICO AND BOLIVIA Products: Antimony, paragraph 376; fluor­ According to the figures supplied by the spar, paragraph 207; graphite or plumbago, Department of Agriculture, we had on hanq Mr. McCARRAN. Mr. President, the paragraph 213;. lead~bearing ores, flue dust, January 1, 1942, the numbers of meat animals Committee for Recipr-ocity Information and ~attes, paragraph 391; lead bullion, pigs 1942 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 4405 and bars, dross, reclaimed lead, scrap lead, Bolivia. Such reductions, made usually for under Government auspices, and that over antimonial scrap lead, type metal, babbitt a term of 3 years but continuing in-definitely $400,000,000 of Government funds are being metal, solder, alloys and combinations of thereafter unless one of the signatories gives devoted to m~ne development and the build- . lead, paragraph 392; molybdenum ore or con­ 6 months• notice of cancelation, are for all ing of plants to process the needed .minerals. centrates, paragraph 302 (b); quicksilver, practical purposes permanent In nature. In this work, he stated, the dollar sign has paragraph 386; tungsten ore or concentrates, As to (A) . we would not for one moment virtually been wiped out, and the primary paragraph 302 {c); zinc-bearing ores, para­ oppose any action which would help in win­ eonsideration is the obtaining of sufficient graph 393; zinc in blocks, pigs or slabs, zinc ning the war. We doubt that reduction or materials at the earliest possible date. dust, zinc in sheets, old and worn-out .zinc, removal of duties is needed for this purpose. But Government effort alone, even on zinc dross, and zinc skimmings, paragra.ph We unaerstand that large quantities of ores, this enormous scale, cannot do it all. The 394; zinc oxide and leaded zinc oxides, para­ metals, and other products are being im­ history of ~ mining industry shows that graph 77; zinc sulfate, paragraph 93. ported by the Metals Reserve Company for the new discoverie'S and developments have pri­ DEAR SIR: The American Mining Congress, Navy Department, under a 1914 statute which marily been the work of .a great army of pros­ representing the combined mining indus­ granted such authority; in fact .Mr. Jes5e H. pectors, explorers, small miners, engineers. tries -of the United States, and including in Jones testified to that effect before the House scientists, and invesmrs, spurred on by the its membership companies which pvoduce Committee on Banking and CUrrency on incentive of creating new weaith and of ap,proximate1y 85 percent CJf the domestic .out­ September 16, 194il..1 W€ ais() understand ·that sharing in the weal;lb .thus ere'B!ted. This put of the above-named mineral commodities the Government has :the necessary authority applies both to the finding of new ore bodies and derivatives, respectfully requests that and is proceeding to make such purehases o! and to the development of new metallurgical no reductions be made in the existing re reserves, and other fa-ctors presen.t rates of duty should agaln become made .to any particular country is multiplied which would .ordinarily play an important effective immediately at the close .of the by the "most-favored natiomu clause, under · part. W:e J.'leali2e' .keenly that if :there is no war. which the same c·oncessions must be ex­ tended to practically an other nations. In. victory there is no post-war period for any of As to {B) :a:j)ove, we 'M'e ·strongiy opposed us to be o0oncer.ned about. At the same time, to any change in duties on ()Ur prOducts EUeh many of these countries the ore bodies .are many of the conditions requir-ed if the in-dus­ a:s are ,customarily inwlved in for-eign trade of much higher grade than toose 'in mu: mines, .as is brought QUt more fully in 'State­ try is to be maln tained in a healthy and vigor­ ~reements. .Agreements with .Mexico 'and ous state after tbe war are equally requir.ed Bolivia, .if clrawn up in the usual form, woul-d. ments submitted. to you deaiing with lnd!­ if it is to function efficiently uurlng the 'War provide indefinite contmuance into tee fu­ vidual mmerall oommoditles. W.age -rates and years in supp1ying the m-etais and min-era1s ture of any reductions in tariff rates. and labor costs .are gener.ally far lower than in so urgently needed. woultl thus seriously threaten domestic pro­ this country• .and .depreciated currencies af­ As to most .of the minerru products listed, ducers with low-cost foreign competition tn ford a further important competitive a.civan­ our country i:s fortunate in having la2ge re­ the post-war period. The effect of any such tage. sources whleh hav-e been d-eveloped over past duty reductinm; on mineral commodities May we ref-er briefly aaso to the fact that years as a . result ()f our national policy in wcnulf effort, the part bf prospectors, waulcl-be p .roducel·s, pletely dependent upon oontimreci operation of prospecting, exploration, devel~pment, meta:1- anti invl:lstliors that following the war they the mines. Not only the mdne workers and the1r fa.ml1ies, but tradesmen. farm.ecs. lur,gieal Jreaearctl, and the investment of large oouJ.d not ~pact even the mQderaoo pr.otec­ sums both in open~ up the ore deposits and tion :accorded in yeatJS past. railroads, loca1, county, and State govern­ in providing the physical plant and equip­ ments, 'ft.ntl ~hool systems are 'SUpported The vital importanoe <>f -dev-eloping uur wholly 'Or in part fr.om the proceeds of min­ ment. 'lbe moderate tariff rates established own mtneral resouree5--.())f seeurtng the .have ing. We Ul1g-e that you Cilo not ·add to the in the 1930 act· been .a tactor .of gr.eat m.a.ximum pr.oduction -within thiB country importance in making it -possib1e fol' our diffi.cul ties of these many thousands of per­ with the least possible dependence on trans­ country to enter the present world eontHct sons and h11.m.dit'-eds of ·communities in the po-rtation fmm abroad-ts demonstrated by wtrth .a reasonable '

$~00,000 for cooperative farm forestry for a guaranty of parity with respect to The VICE PRESIDENT. The question work. I wish to make a brief statement crops specified by the Secretary of Agri­ is on agreeing to the amendment sub­ to the end that there may be adminis­ culture, and the expansion of production mitted by the junior Senator from Con­ trative understanding of the intent of of such crops, but we have made guar­ necticut [Mr. DANAHER]. Congress. anties of parity in this measure. Simi­ The amendment was rejected. Up until last year the so-called shelter­ lar guaranties are also proposed in a The VICE PRESIDENT. The bill' is belt work was carried on by means of re­ measure which will ·shortly come from still before the Senate and open to lief appropriations. Last year the Sen­ the Banking and Currency Comll).ittee. further amendment. ate wrote into this item a specification Mr. President, the saving of $150,000,- · If there be no further amendment to covering $300,000 for the shelter-belt 000 in this item would mean that instead be proposed, the question is on the en­ program. This year the Bureau of the of having to sell 24 ,000,000 $25 War Sav­ grossment of the amendments and the Budget estimated a continuation of that ings Bonds we should be required to sell third reading of the bill. work at the same figure. The House and only 16,000 ,000 $25 bonds. It would The amendments were ordered to be the Senate committee have accepted that mean that instead of being required to engrossed, and the bill to be read a third figure. sell 12,000,000 $50 bonds we should be time. However, some misundt:rstanding required to sell on1y 8,000,000 $50 bonds. The bill was read the third time. might arise by reason of the report of the Translated in another way, Mr. Presi­ The VICE PRESIDENT. The bill hav­ House committee. on this bill. That re­ dent, the vast sum now stated in the bill ing been read the third time, the ques­ port leaves some little question concern­ would require the sale of 900,000 bonds tion is, Shall it pass? ing the manner in which the $300,000 of $500 denomination each, merely to Mr. CLARK of Missouri. Mr. Presi­ shall be expended. There was a rather raise that sum which we do not have. dent, I do not wish to delay the Senate indirect assertion that the money ought There is no question in my mind, after at this time by asking for a yea-and-nay to be distributed among all the States. an examination of the hearings with vote on the passage of the bill; but I do Let me say, as a member of the Senate reference to the matter, that although wish to record my vote against it. In­ committee, t:t·~at that was not my under­ the soil conservation measures of past asmuch as the bill contains a section of standing. If I am not mistaken, the de­ years may have required payments, and legislation which should have been made partment administering this fund in­ at least the Congress has adopted the subject to a point of order, and was sub­ tends this year to appropriate about policy with reference to it which finds ject to a point of order in the other $40,000 of the $300,000 for the same kind reflection in the pending bill, in this par­ House, but which has been made very of work in other States, to which I and ticular year the soil can be conserved much more iniquitous by the action of others interested would have no objec­ through the expanded program of the the Senate committee and of the Senate, tion. I simply wish to have it understood ·Department of Agriculture, particularly I believe it will be recorded in history as that it is the understanding of the Sen­ in view of the fact that the Secretary has the destruction of the whole parity sys- · ate committee that. it is not intended to the power to specify the items he wishes tern for which we fought so long. distribute this fund-except for the to have produced; and in that way-- Therefore, while I do not wish to ask $40,000-for any other purpose than that The VICE P~ESIDENT. The question for a yea-and-nay vote, I simply wish for which it was appropriated a year ago. is on agreeing to the amendment offered to record in the RECORD my personal vote Mr. RUSSELL. Mr. President, that is by the junior Senator from Connecticut against the passage of the bill. not exactly my understanding of the [Mr. DANAHER]. The VICE PRESIDENT. The ques­ matter. My understanding is that the Mr. DANAHER. Mr. President, I did tion is, Shall the bill pass? Senate committee did not undertake to pause for breath, I will grant you. The bill (H. R. 6709) was passed. direct the expenditures at all. How­ [Laughter.] Mr. RUSSELL. Mr. President, I ask ever, we were told by the Department I will also observe that, until the pres­ that the clerk be authorized to correct that it proposed to spend only $41,050 in ent incumbent of the Chair came in, I the totals in the bill. States not in the shelterbelt; and we had patiently sought recognition at vari­ The VICE PRESIDENT. Without ob­ imposed no restriction or limitation on ous times during the afternoon, and I jection, it is so ordered. the expenditure, nor did we require the thank the Chair for having seen me at Mr. RUSSELL. I move that the Sen­ Department to spend more. I do not this partitular time. ate insist upon its amendments, request understand that the Senate committee I shall not continue very much longer; a conference thereon with the House, and stated that it approved the proposed ex­ but I submit that with the program that the Chair appoint the conferees on penditure, but we understood that that of development of our soil resources and the part of the Senate. was a requirement of the House provi­ the cpnservation of soil in this country, The motion was agreed to; and the Vice sion. We are not interested in that; in the midst of wartime, demanding, as President appointed Mr. RussELL, Mr. but we were advised by the Department it does, such extraordinary sacrifices HAYDEN, Mr. TYDINGS, Mr. BANKHEAD, Mr. that it had set up $41,050 for other from our people to meet it, at a time SMITH, Mr. NYE, and Mr. McNARY con­ States. We have not changed the pro­ when the need for it at least can be re­ ferees on the part of the Senate. vision, or required the Department to duced by one-third, a plan to make such WAR HOUSING AND WAR PUBLIC WORKS spend any larger amount or any smaller a reduction seems to me to be a worthy IN THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA amount. objective and one fairly to be sought. Mr. NYE. I may have misstated the Mr. McKELLAR. Mr. President, the Mr. TOBEY. Mr. President, will the Committee on Appropriations has re­ understanding, but the chairman of the Senator yield? committee correct1y states it. I simply ported favorably House Joint Resolution wished to have the record clear respect­ Mr. DANAHER. I yield. 308, making appropriations to provide ing the understanding of the Senate Mr. TOBEY. The Senator has given war housing and war public works in the committee. some very apt illustrations in support of city of Washington and its suburbs. Mr. DANAHER. Mr. President, I his argument. I will put it in another The authorization was $70,000,000. should like to invite attention to page 74, way: Not only would' the proposed saving The Budget estimate was $50,000,000, di­ line 3, where an item of $450,000,000 ap­ make unnecessary the sale of the bonds vided into two parts: $30,000,000 was pears, under the heading "Conservation mentioned by ,the Senator from Con­ recommended for housing, and $20,000,- and. use of agricultural land resources, necticut but it would be a saving to the 000 for public works. Department of Agriculture." Address­ taxpayers of $150,000,000; is not that As the joint resolution passed · the ing myself to that item, I move to strike correct? House, $12,000,000 was appropriated for out "$450,000,000" and insert in lieu Mr. DANAHER. Oh, obviously, it housing, instead of the recommended thereof "$300,000,000." would save $150,000,000 that we do not $30,000,000, and $17,500,000 was appro­ Mr. President, we have ·been talking even have, and which we should have to priated for public works, instead of the about economy; yet we are spending borrow. Budget estimate of $20,000,000. money which we do not.have. We are Mr. TOBEY. Exactly. . In consid~ing the joint resolution the spending it in wartime. Under that Mr. DANAHER. Mr. President, ! .ask Senate committee left the appropriation program we are reversing the policy of that the Senate agree to the amendment for Federal public works just as it was, the past several years. Not only have submitted by the junior Senator from with an appropriation of $17,500,000. we made provision in other legislation Connecticut. The .appropriation lacked just $2,500,000 1942 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 4409 of what was recommended by the Bureau penses of any officer so detailed shall be 6599, making appropriations for the De­ of the Budget. paid from appropriations available to partments of State, Justice, and Com­ The Senate committee has recom­ such Administrator on the same basis as merce, and the Federal judiciary. mended the appropriation of $25,500,000 authorized by law and by regulations of The motion was agreed to; and the for public· housing; instead of the ap­ the War Department for officers of the Senate proceeded to consider the bill propriation of $12,000,000 passed by the United States Army." Indiana [Mr. WILSON] is formation given me, and may have passed President's home up to the moment Hit­ recognized for 10 minutes. a recent one and may have been admit­ ler invaded Russia, has been connected Mr. TREADWAY. Mr. Speaker, will ted to the bar in Ohio as an attorney-at­ With civilian defense as an assistant· in the gentleman yield? law, though my information is that he Air Raid Warden Murphy's office, this Mr.·WILSON. I yield. has not as yet done so. Does legal train­ according to the Washington Daily News. ing qualify a man to be national di­ May I voice the hope that Mrs. Mont­ SMALL BUSINESSMAN'S BILL rector or regional director of civilian de­ gomery is not at this time employed in Mr. TREADWAY. Mr. Speaker, I un­ fense? A colonel in the Army receives civilian defense as a co-worker with the derstand that in the very near future we $4,000 and a small subsistence allow­ thousands of splendid, patriotic Ameri­ ·are to have before the House for action ance per annum. Would not a retired cans who are volunteering their services what is known as the small business­ colonel or some Army officer incapaci­ without compensation in this time of our man's bill. I desire to say in advance tated for active· combat service, be better country's peril. that I am heartily in favor of legislation qualified for regional director of civilian It i.3 our hope that civilian defense will to help the small business people in the defense than Dan Tyler Moore, Jr., whose never be put to a real test. It is our hope present crisis. There are a great many experience has been holding appointive that no enemy bombs will ever fall on of them in my district who have been political office as Chief of Division of Se­ any American cities, but if such catas­ seriously afiected by the conversion to the curities for Ohio, and a position under trophes occur, many thoughtful people all-out war efiort. Already some of them authority of the Securities and Exchange believe it will be evident that the Army have been forced out of business. No Commission? should have been in charge of civilian time should be lost by Congress in coming My comrades in the Ohio department defense from the outset. to the aid of the small businessman in of the American Legion charged that PERMISSION TO ADDRESS THE HOUSE order that he may carry on and contrib-. Moore was "gambling with the public ute his part in the common efiort. safety" by retaining his position as re­ Mr. WILSON. Mr. Speal~er, I ask The SPEAKER pro tempore. The gional director of the Securities and Ex­ unanimous consent that after the dispo­ gentleman from Indiana is recognized for change Commission and "by doing a part­ sition of other special orders for today I 10 minutes. may address the House for 10 minutes. time job" in civilian defense. I feel his IDLENESS IN THE WAR DEPARTMENT salary of $6,500 is ample even if he were The SPEAKER pro tempore: Is there to devote full time to civilian defense objection to the reque~t of the g_entleman Mr. WILSON. Mr. Speaker, I take this and resign from his position in the Secu­ from Indiana? time to refer to a picture in today's rities and Exchange Commission. I do The-re was no objection. Washington Daily News. This picture not believe a man should be permitted to INTERCEPTED COMMUNICATIONS shows War Department X Building, in which hundreds of employees recently hold one appointive position under Fed­ Mr. SABATH, from the Committee on eral authority and then enjoy a $6,500 per brought to Washington have nothing to Rules, presented the following report on do but loaf. I quote from the Washing­ annum salary from another position. House Joint Resolution 310, to authorize Furthermore, the American Legion ob ... ton Daily News, caption appearing be­ the Federal Bureau of Investigation of neath a picture showing girls and boys jected to his removal of the regional the Department of Justice, the Military 0. C. D. office to Cleveland from Colum­ loafing, holding hands, and gazing from Intelligence Division of the War Depart­ the windows: bus, stating this was done to suit his own ment, and the Office of Naval Intelligence convenience as his Securities and Ex­ of the Navy Department in the conduct (Caption ab9ve picture) change office is in Cleveland. It appears of certain investigations in the interest Ho-HUM COORDINATOR-WAR DEPARTMENT unfortunate that some outstanding mem­ of prosecution of the war, to make use Hmi:D HANDS LOAF WHILE OFFICE Is REOR­ ber of the American Legion with a back­ of intercepted communications without GANIZED ground of service and military training, regard to the limitations contained in (Explanation under picture) or a retired Army officer is not in charge section 605 of the Communications Act For lack of work, many of the employees at of civi_lian defense in Ohio and adjoin- · of 1934 (48 Stat. 1103), and for other X building pass a lot of time at the windows. ing States instead of Mr. Moore. Left, an unoccupied couple holds hands. purposes (Rept. No. 2140), which was Above, with nothing to do, girls look out at These are desperate times for our Na­ read, referred to the House Calendar, and the world and smile. tion, and I am utterly opposed to boon­ ordered to be printed. doggling. It is the duty of a representa­ (Article accompanying picture) Resolved, That upon the adoption of this (By Gladys Haack) tive of the people to curtail nondefense resolution it shall be in order to move that expenditures and to watch carefully over We ~ent to the temporary X building to the House resolve itself into a Committee of track down the knitting stenographers and defense expenditures and prevent waste. the Whole House on the state of the Union idle file clerks on the Government pay roll, -In Ohio the civilian defense set-up ap­ for the consideration of the Hou15e joint reso­ who, tipsters reported, were sitting on desks pears likely to be costly to our taxpayers. lutidn (H. J. Res. 310) to authorize the Fed­ eral Bureau of Investigation of the Depart­ swinging their shapely legs and wandering Mr. Moore's salary is $6,500 per annum as ment of Justice, the Military Intelligence around the halls eating popcicles. regional director of civilian defense, and Division of the War Department, and the We didn't find the knitters, but otherwise it appears he will have a large number of Office of Naval Intelligence of the Navy De­ the tipsters were right. Such things may salaried officials and employees under his partme.nt in the conduct of certain investi­ happen, it seems, when a War Department authority. This seems unfair, unfortu­ gations in the interest of the prosecution of project is trying to get under way. C'est la the war, to make use of intercepted com­ Guerre. nate, and unnecessary when so much of X building at Seventeenth and East Capitol the work of civilian defense is being done munications without regard to tbe limitations Streets marks the spot for War Department's by volunteer workers without salary. contained in section 605 of the Communi­ new office of superfinance. A block long and There are thousands and thousands of cations Act of 1934 (48 Stat. 1103), and for nearly that wide, the E-shaped building has other purposes. That after general debate, 100,000 square feet of office space. It will ac­ splendid citizens in my own State of Ohio which shall be confined to the joint resolu­ commodate 4,000 war workers. Of X building who are devoting their talents and un­ tion and continue not to exceed 1 hour, to be it is prophesied that it will be the largest tiring energies in civilian defense serv­ equally divided and controlled by the chair­ single disburing agency in the world. ice without the thought of compensa­ man and ranking minority member of the tion. It seems to me to be unjust to these Committee on the Judiciary, the joint resolu­ LONG LUNCH PERIOD splendid, patriotic citizens that at the tion shall be read for amendment under the B Building makes a good place for a re­ 5-minute rule. At the conclusion of such porter and photographer on investigation to top, from Washington throughout the consideration, the Committee shall rise and play hide-and-seek. It seemed to be general States, civilian defense is being loaded report the joint resolution to the House with lunch hour when we arrived at 11 a. m., many down with regional directors, State di­ such amendments as may have been adopted, rooms empty as employees strolled up and rectors, and assistants at high salaries. and the previous order shall be considered as down the long halls. At 1 p. m., two hours 4418 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE MAY 20 after our arrival, the file clerks seemed still that is asking school children for dimes to entire Nation is being produced within to be on lunch hour. Two of t hem told us help MacArthur; and a warning of things to this country. We are told that the short­ that they had been told to take as long a come if the social visionaries are allowed to to noon siesta as they liked. go on plundering the country's producers. age is due solely lack of tr ansportation We hit one large office where a supervisor facilities. The possibility that this short­ was assigning desks to a group of girls who It will be recalled by the Members of age would arise was first brought force­ said they had been sitting around for over this Bouse that I made a determined ef­ fully to public attention by Secretary a week. fort as far back as last January to pre­ Ickes many months ago. Yet the ration­ In a little office on the third floor we found vent the wholesale hiring of thousands of ing Pl{:Ln for gasoline was developed hur­ a dejected lot, a sulky boy and three girls unnecessary employees by Federal agen­ riedly during the past few weeks on what sitting on a desk and looking out of the obviously is a temporary basis, to be ef­ window. They were file clerks, and after 10 cies. days on the j9b, they hadn't seen the letter ·A. At that time I advanced a 10-point fective only to July 1, and to be limited Explanation for all this came from a man program, which has been adopted in to the Eastern States. The plan has in the office of the Chief of Finance, who part and enlarged upon by several Mem­ proved to be inequitable in operation, as didn't want his name used. "This depart­ bers of Congress, and those parts seem­ certain parts of the country to which ment is in a state of organization and reor­ ingly have worked very well; but other gasoline and fuel oil are transported by ganization,'' he said. "From 400 to 700 per­ points .of the 10 might alleviate the situ­ rail are not rationed, and therefore are sons come in a week, and we move as many ations described in these articles. My not called upon to shoulder part of the as 600 at a time from our former offices in the third point was that preliminary train­ common burden. The plan of rationing War Department." He admitted that people· sat around "for as ing for defense workers could be done has brought peculiar hardships to sales­ long as a week" before they were put to work, in some nearby city. Possibly training men and small businessmen, whose that the building would not be completely centers could be set up in several large weekly income frequently not large, is furnished for a month, that there were a cities over the country, and only when severely reduced by their inability to se­ "few pools" of people waiting in idleness until a Government worker was absolutely cure the gasoline necessary to cover the they would be needed. ready to do a job, and a good one, would territory which they normally would In many other Government departments he be allowed to come to Washington to visit. Other small businessmen operating around town there aren't enough stenog­ work. We must become a district of raphers to meet the demand. But: "We restaurants, roadside stands, and other have them here so we can get them when we experts at our jobs, and no one incapable businesses along the highway have actu­ want them," the spokesman said. "Right or unwilling to carry his load should be ally been forced to close their doors, with now we are training people for technical work given working space in this crowded city. almost total loss of their investment and . in finance and allotments. We must be ready Another point which would be worth means of livelihood. The rationing sys­ before the volume of work hits us." at least a trial would be the doubling up tem has reduced travel g1·eatly and clearly He promised streamlined production once of shifts, which would save hundreds of shows that the people of the Eastern · organization is completed. "There won't be dollars in equipment costs and thousands States are cooperating fully with the au­ any waste or lost motion in this ·office," he of dollars spent for additional buildings. thorities in reducing the use of gasoline said. On our way out we decided to tell the sulky Gentlemen, we simply must do some­ in the affected areas. All of our large boy about the highly technical training he thing besides appropriate money. · Pres­ industrial plants employ workmen who was receiving. "Have you learned stream­ ent taxation on the average American travel many miles to and from the fac­ lined accounting or filing?" we asked. worker is far beyond the load he should tories. Frequently the distance of the "The only thing I have learned,'' he said be asked by his Government to carry, and plant from the home is over 20 miles. No very rudely, "is how to twiddle my thumbs so far this body has not offered any sub­ sufficient provision is made for the needs backward and forward." stitutes for the easiest way out. We of these persons who are so important Mr. Speaker, in connection with this were not elected to shovel out the people's to the successful outcome of the war. deplorable condition I take leave to il).­ money faster than they could work and They are told to double up insofar as clude the following editorial which ap­ pay it into the Treasury. We were sup­ possible and are doing so in great num­ peared in the Indianapolis News, In­ posed to be men of .ideas and ideals, or bers. dianapolis, Ind., under date of May 15, we campaigned on such platforms, I am Under these circumstances, it makes 1942: sure; but I, for one, am not very proud people wonder when they read in the FEDERAL PAY ROLL · of our record for not thinking, but just newspapers, as some did a few days ago, According to a Civil Service Commission re­ voting more and more money whenever that two full tank cars were refused in port of May 12, there were 238,000 civilians requested. the large town of Palmer, Mass., because on the Federal pay roll in Washington on Let us get our thinking caps on and there was no more storage space,. avail­ March 31. Employees were being added at our lead -soled shoes off and help to run able and that an official of a major oil the rate of about 7,000 a month. this country-and I do not mean in "the company reported that his headquarters Probably 50,000 of these employees are hole," either. had request.ed him to take more gasoline necessary to the proper operation of the Mr. WILSON. Mr. Speaker, I ask because there we:re two tankers at Provi­ Government's departments and the great bu­ unanimous consent to revise and extend dence_with no place to store their con­ reaus which contribute so much to the in­ my remarks and to include therein an crease of n ational wealth and the health and tents. These conditions would indicate well-being of the people. These employees editorial from the Indianapolis News and that the distribution within the affected are devoted to the public service. Nearly all also two reviews or remarks on this sub- area is not being handled efficiently. of them are competent and industrious. ject. r • I have brought a number of complaints They earn more than their pay. The SPEAKER pro tempore. Is there arising in my district to the attention of Another 50,000 are manning New Deal bu­ obj ection to the request of the gentle­ Government officials because they seem reaus. They were brought in to pay political man from Indiana? to me to be well-founded. Undoubtedly debts aftc: r March 4, 1933. On that date, -There was no objection. others have done likewise. Perhaps they 66,000 civil employees were on the Federal pay roll in Washington. By 1941, before Pearl PERMISSION TO ADDRESS THE HOUSE have had some effect. At any rate I feel Harbor, the number had been increased to that President Roosevelt was well war­ 167,000. It is believed that fully half of the Mr. CLASON Mr. Speaker, I ask ranted in his press conference yesterday 100,000 that were added between 1933 and unanimous consent to address the House in stating that he is opposed to the con­ 1941 are mere pay-roll riders, kept at use­ for 2 minutes. tinuance of gasoline restrictions on a less jobs to satisfy the demands of poli­ The SPEAKER pro tempore. Without purely -sectional basis. I agree with him ticians. objection, it is so ordered. that in the areas where oil is produced The remainder may be charged to the war There was no objection. and to which it is delivered by pipe-line, effo:r;t, but it is significant that the number Mr. CLASON Mr. Speaker, it has been restrictions need not be applied. If, how­ of civilian employees in Washington is now more than double the 117,000 who worked difficult, if not impossible for the people ever. as the President suggests, the re­ there- during the first World War. of the Eastern States, where gasoline is strictions are applied to all other sections Washington has become not only the cen­ now rationed, to believe that the situa­ of the country, obviously tank cars and ter of the war effort, but the refuge of thou­ tion has been handled with the best judg­ other facilities in much larger numbers sands of pay-rollers who are a drag on the ment. We are told that all gasoline nec­ will be made available to the east coast war effort; a disgrace to an administration essary to meet the reqUirements of the on a basis. whero;by all section:;r of the 1942 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 4419 country will receive amounts based upon 1651. A communication from the Presi­ Code, entitled "Arbitration"; to the Com­ their needs. The main problem, as I see dent of the United States trans:rtrittiri.g sup­ mittee on Revision of the Laws. it, is to assure equal treatment to all af­ plemental estimates of appropriations for the H. R. 7113. A .bill to codify and enact into Civilian Conservation Corps, Federal Security absolute law title 4 of the United States fected sections of the country while every Agency, for the fiscal year 1943, amounting Code, entitled "Flag arid Seal, Seat of Gov­ effort is made to complete a~ditional fa­ to $31,717,000, in the form of amendments ernment, and the States"; to the Committee cilities, such as tank cars, pipe lines, to the Budget for said fiscal year as con­ on Revision of the Laws. barges, and trucks, which will end the tained in House Document No. 718 (H. Doc. By Mr. SECREST: shortage at the earliest possible date No. 730); to the Committee on Appropria­ H. R. 7114. A bill to amend the Library of without interfering with the all-impor­ tions and ordered to be printed. Congress Trust Fund Board Act; to the Com- tant war-production program. 1652. A letter from the Acting Secretary of mittee on the Library. · The news item to which I referred is the Interior, transmitting copies of legisla­ By Mr. JOHNSON of Oklahoma: tion passed by the Municipal Council of St. · H . R. 7115. A bill to promote the war effort contained in the Springfield (Mass.) Thomas and St. John and approved by the by facilitating the planting of the full Union of May 18, 1942, and is as follows: Acting Governor of the Virgin Islands, pur­ allotted acreage of cotton as recommended STORAGE TANKS FULL, TWO CARS OF GAS ARE suant to section 16 of the Organic Act of by the Secretary of Agriculture as the REFUSED-OFFICIAL OF ONE CONCERN SAYS the Vir&in Islands of the United States, ap­ Nation's war goal; to the Committee on Agri­ TANKERS OF FUEL AT PROVIDENCE UNABLE TO proved June 22, 1936, which requires that all culture. UNLOAD laws enacted by the Municipal Councils in PALMER, May lB.-Revising the lines to the Virgin Islands shall be reported by the PRIVATE BILLS AND RESOLUTIONS "gasoline, gasoline everywhere, but not many Governor to the Secretary of the Interior drops to use" may explain the condition here· and by the Secretary of the Interior to the Under clause 1 of rule XXII, private relative to the motor fuel. It was learned Congress; to the Committee on Insular Af­ bills and resolutions were introduced and today that bulk plants in this vicinity are fairs. severally referred as follows: filled to the fullest extent and could handle 1653. A letter from the Secretary of War, By Mr. BUCKLEY of New York: the normal needs of motorists for some time. transmitting a letter from the Chief of En­ H. R. 7116. A bill to record the lawful ad­ TANK CARS REFUSED gineers, United States Army, dated March mission to the United States for permanent 10, 1942, submitting a report, together with residence of Stella. Hertchikoff; to the Com­ Two full tank cars have been refused here accompanying papers, on a review of reports because tliere was no more available storage mittee on Immigration and Naturalization. on the Holland Harbor and Black Lake (Lake l3y Mr. McMILLAN: space, and an official of one major company's Macatawa) Mich., requested by a resolution station here reported that his_ headquarters H. R. 7117. A bill for the relief of A. L. of the Committee on Rivers and Harbors, Sauls Planograph Co.; to the Committee on requested him to take more gasoline because House of Representatives, adopted on Feb­ there had been two tankers of the fuel in Claims. ruary 11, 1941; to the Committee on Rivers By Mr. PETERSON of Geo.rgia: Providence with no place to store its contents. and Harbors. However, regardless of the reported abun­ H. R. 7118. A bill for the relief of Capt. dance, gasoline-station owners reported today Leland M. Mower and Lt Percy K. Morrison; that the week end saw cooperation to the REPORTS OF COMMITTEES ON PUBLTC to the Committee on Claims. highest degree by the average motorist, and BILLS AND RESOLUTIONS in all but a few exceptions rationing cards PETITIONS, ETC. were presented upon applications for gaso­ Under clause 2 of rule XIII, reports of line. Service-station proprietors reported a committees were delivered to the Clerk Under clause 1 of rule XXII, petitions definite downward trend in the week-end for printing and reference to. the proper and papers were laid on the Clerk's desk business, as was expected, since it appeared calendar, as follows: and referred as follows: that motorists on the highway had a definite purpose in being there in most cases while Mr. COCHRAN: Committee on Accounts. 2857. By Mr. CRAVENS: Petition of Orner the majority of Sunday motorists had de­ House Resolution 484. Resolution granting R. Cantrell and others of Sebastian and Scott clared a moratorium on travel. a gratuity to Hattie Davis; without amend­ Counties, Ark., concerning Senate bill 860 ment (Rept. ·No. 2137). Referred to the House to provide for the common defense in re­ SENATE JOINT RESOLUTION REFERRED Calendar. lation to the sale of alcoholic liquors to the A joint resolution of the Senate of the Mr. NELSON: Committee on Rules. House land and naval forces of the United States, Resolution 485. Resolution providing for and to provide for the suppression of vice following title was taken from the the consideration of H. R. 6315, a bill to ex­ in vicinity of military camps and naval Speaker's table, and, under the rule, re- tend for 2 additional years the reduced rates establishments; to the Committee on Mili· ferred as follows: · of interest on Federal land bank and Land tary Affairs. S. J. Res. 129. Joint resolution to remove Bank Commissioner loans; without amend­ 2858. By Mr. THOMAS F. FORD: Resolu­ certain limitations on the cost of construc­ ment (Rept. No. 2138'. Referred to the tion of the Board of Supervisors of Los Ange­ tion of Army and Navy living quarters; to House Calendar. les County, urging the Work Projects Ad­ the Committee on Military Affairs. Mr. LEWIS: Committee on Rules. House ministration to give favorable consideration Resolution 486. Resolution providing for the to transferring or alloting an additionai ADJOURNMENT consideration of H. R. 6!108, a bill to amend quota of 500 to Work Projects Administra­ Mr. LARRABEE. Mr. Speaker,-! move the Defense Highway Act of 1941; without tion in southern California; to the Commit­ that the House do now adjourn. amendment (Rept. No. 2139). Referred to tee on Appropriations. the House Calendar. 2859. By Mr. GRAHAM: Petition of the The motion was agreed to; accord­ Mr. SABATH: Committee on Rules. House Sara Shaw Bible Class of the First Presby­ ingly (at 1 o'clock and 1 minute p. m.) Resolution 487. Resolution providing for the terian Church, Beaver Falls, Pa., urging an. the House adjourned until tomorrow, consideration of House Joint Resolution 310, early passage of Senate bill 860, to provide Thursday, May 21, 1942. a joint resolution to authorize the Federal for the common defense in relation to the Bureau of Investigation of the Department of sale of alcoholic liquors to the land and Justice, the Military Intelligence Division of naval forces of the United States, and to pro­ COMMITTEE HEARINGS the War Department, and tpe Office of Naval vide for the suppression of vice in vicinity Intelligence of the Navy Department in the of military camps and naval establishments; COMMITTEE ON INTERSTATE AND FOREIGN conduct of certain investigations in the in­ to the Committee on Military Affairs. COMMERCE terest-of prosecution of war, to make use of 2860. Also, petition of 49 members and intercepted communications without regard adherents of the Clinton United Presbyterian There will be a meeting of the Com­ to the limitations contained in section 605 of Church near Saxonburg in Butler County, mittee on Interstate and Foreign Com­ the Communications Act of 1934 (48 Stat. Pa., urging the prohibition of the sale of all merce at 10 a. m., Thursday, May 21, 1103), and for other purposes; without amend­ alcoholic beverages in the vicinity of our 1942. ment (Rept. No. 2140). Referred to the Army camps; to the Committee on Military Business to be considered: The hear­ House Calendar. Affairs. · ings in connection with the Federal Com­ 2861. Also, petition of Rev. J. L. Hull, min­ ister, and 36 members of the First Church r,f munications Commission will be resumed PUBLIC BILLS- AND RESOLUTIONS on May 21 at 10 a. m. God, New Brighton, Pa., urging the early Under clause 3 of rule XXII, public passage of Senate bill 860, to provide for the bills and resolutions were introduced and common defense in relation to the sale of EXECUTIVE COMMUNICATIONS, ETC. alcoholic liquors to the land, air, and naval severally referred as follows: forces of the United States, and to provide Under clause 2 of rule XXIV, executive By Mr. KEOGH: for the suppression of vice in the vicinity of communications were taken from the H. R. 7112. A bill to codify and enact into military camps and naval establishments; to Speaker's table and referred as follows: absolute law, title 9 of the United States the Committee on Military Affairs. 4420 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD..-SENATE MAY 21 '2862. Also, petition of patrons of .Frankfort 2875. By Mr. !LYNCH: R-esolutions of the CALL OF THE .ROLL Springs Grange, No. 1989, Beaver County, Pa.. Central Union Label Council of Greater New urging the early passage of Senate bill 860, York, urging increase . in salary for postal Mr. HilL. I suggest the abseace of a to provide for the common defense in rela­ -employees; · to th-e Committee on the Post ·quorum. tion to the sale of alcoholic liquors to the Office and Post Roads. -The VICE PRESIDENT. The clerk land and naval forces of the United States, 2876. By Mr. MARTIN of Iowa: Petition of will call the roll. and to provide for the suppression <>f vice in Frank J. Venning and a number of citizens - The Chief Clerk called the roll, and vicinity of military camps and naval estab­ pf Keokuk, Iowa, urging tpe passage of Sen­ the following Senators answered to their lishments; to the Committee on Military Af­ ate bill 860, providing for the suppression of names: fair~ vice in, the vicinity of military and nav.al -camps and cantonments; te the Committee Aiken Ellender Norris 2863. Also, petition of 46 citizens of Beaver Andrews · G-eorge Nye County, Pa., urging enactment of Senate bill on Military Affairs. Bailey Gerry. O'D.anlel 860, as a contribution to a wholesome defense 287\1. By Mr. ROLPH: Resolution of the Ball Gillett.e O'Mahoney program and a reenactment of legislation Watchmak-er's Local No. 101, International Bankhead Glass Overton similar to that <>f 19i7 and so give to 'the .Jewelry Workers' Union, .at San Francisco. Batkley Green Pepper young men of 1942 the protection their fath­ Calif.. adopted April 24, 1942, xelative to Bilbo Gurney Radcliffe ers bad in 1.917; to the Coli_lmittee on Military House bill ~6, .a ·bill tC3 increase the salaries Bone Hatcll ReynOlds of oertain !IJIG&ta.l employees; to the Commit­ Brewster lia;rden Rosier Affairs. Brooks Hili R'W!Selil 2864. Also, petiti-on .of 105 citizens of tee on the Post Office and Post Roads. Brown Holman Schwartz Beaver County, Pa., urging the early passage 287-8 .. By )lr. SMI'IH of Wisconsin: .Resolu­ Bulow Hughes Smathers of Senate bill 860, to provide for the common tion of the United Automobile Worker.s ol' Bunker John'!lon, Calif. Smith defense in relation to the sale of '8ilcoh.olic Ameri-ca, Local .85, Racine, Wis., approving Burton Kilgore Spencer liquors to the land and naval f-orces of the the ffillowing general principl-es of taxation; Butler La F~ette T.a!t 1 The income tax and estate tax be utilized at Byrd Langer Thomas, Okla. United States, and to provide for the sup- capper Lee Tobey pression nf vice in the vicinity .of military m&ldmum .effi.cieacy; undivided surplus iunds oar.a way McQarr:an Tunnell camps and naval estabUsbments; :to the Com­ be :re_gar-ded .as taxable income; excess-profits Chandler McF.arJand Tydtn.gs mittee on Ml1itary .Alfairs. tax--!l"ate .o-f pmfit to corporation not to ex­ Cha-vez MeK-eUaT Vttncrenberg 2S65. Also. petition of 63 members of the ceed rate all6wed individuals who lend .money Clark, Idaho .!MeNm-y V'Bn Nuys East .B.r.ook United Presbyterian Churcb, East to -Go~ernment--namely, 2 U! ,percent; e~empt Clank, Mo. .Maloney Wa_gner conna11y Maybank Wtt'ls'h 'Brook, Pa., urging enactment .of Senate bUt .securities ,and '()bligations to be ;placed on taKable basis; taxation oi excessive bonuses Dantther Mead 'Wb€eler 860, taking liquor from our Army camps, .and Davi~ Milliun Whlte also legislation probibiting liquor adv,er'ttsing _paid by corporations; and l.ndividual and Doxey . Murdock Willis over the radio; to the Committee on Military corpor.ate incomes to be limlteJ to .$25,000; to Affairs. the Committee .on W.ays and Means. Mr~ HILL. I .announce that the Sen­ 2866. Also, petition of ~07 residents of 2879. By the SPEAKER: ·Petition of the ator fr.om California ,[Mr. Dow.NEY) is l3eaver County. P.a., CJriginated in the First Townsend Club, No. 2, of Du Bois, ?a., peti­ .detained on .offici'B.l bu.siness in his State. Methodist Church of .Beaver F.allsA P.a., urg­ tioning.considerat1on of their resolution with Tbe .Senator fmm Pennsylvania [Mr. ing the enactment o! Senate .bil'l '81)0 to Jlro­ 'l'ef€renee to A•pay a'S -y_(j)u wa fM:r. HEruuNcl. THURSOAY, MAY2l, 1942 iE:vangeUcal Congregational Church of Ycrk, the Senator from Montana [Mr. M-uR­ Pa.; to the Committee on. Military .Affa.ws. (Legislative day of hiday, May 15, 1942} 'RAY], the Senator from Tennessee ['Mr. . 2868. By Mr. P.etithm HEIDINGER: of Roy STEWART], the Senator from Ut-ah 1Mr. Adams and 63 <>thers, r-esiOf Senate singleness of purpose. The Senator· rrom New .Jersey IMr. bii1600; to t;he ()f Ewing, IlL, :and. :surrounding men in the Natio-n~s service -as wen a-s .SmP.sUA:D J i:s absent bee.ause of illness eammunity. urging tbe passage :of :.Benaile bill their sons, for lea1iers ami f-or humble in his family. "860; bo the Committee vn :Military Afiairs. The Senator from New Hampshire [Mr. 2872. By Ur. JONES; Petition .of Edith men and women in the ranks of life. Es­ BRIDGES] is absent as a result of an in­ Ptiehal'd and t 1'I residents f the of this hour may Thy kingdom oome. The VICE PRESIDENT. Seventy­ Metropolitan Water District of Southern Througb JesJ]s Christ~ DUr Lord. eight Sena-tors have -answered to their California, urging that the situation .en'Sttng ·names. A quorum is present. on the Qolorado River at and in the vicinity Am-en. of the city of Needles, Calif., be imm'ed1at.eiy ·THE JOURNAL EXECUTIVE COMMUNJCATIONS. ETC. Investigated and that ap.pr.opriate action to On request of Mr. HILL, and by unani­ The VICE PRESIDENT 1aid bef'Ore th-e remeay tl¥e fiood conditions on the l"i:v.er at molJIS eonsent_, tbe rea