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Haniffia Flavescens (Zingiberaceae): a New Species from Peninsular Malaysia

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Haniffia Flavescens (Zingiberaceae): a New Species from Peninsular Malaysia Botanical Studies (2009) 50: 359-364. SYSTEMATICS Haniffia flavescens (Zingiberaceae): a new species from Peninsular Malaysia Yen-YenSAM*,AvelinahJULIUS,andMing-YeeCHEW Forest Research Institute Malaysia (FRIM), 52109 Kepong, Selangor, Malaysia (Received July 9, 2008; Accepted January 14, 2009) ABSTRACT. AnewspeciesofHaniffia (Zingiberaceae), H. flavescensY.Y.Sam&Julius,thethirdinthe genus, was recently discovered in southern Peninsular Malaysia. It is described and illustrated here. The fruits ofH.cyanescens (Ridl.) Holttum var. cyanescensandH.albiflora K. Larsen & J. Mood are described here for the first time. An updated key for the genus Haniffia isprovided. Keywords:Haniffiaflavescens; Johor; New species; Peninsular Malaysia; Zingiberaceae. INTRODUCTION Atfirstglance,theflowersof Haniffia resemble thoseofScaphochlamys,andtoacertainextentthoseof SincethelaunchoftheFloraofPeninsularMalaysia Boesenbergia,Curcuma andKaempferia.However,the project in 2005, many field activities have been carried out leafyshootsareverydistinctfromanyofthesegenera. to gather information for a comprehensive flora revision. Haniffia has a slender pseudostem with distichous leaflets Some of these trips ventured into botanically unexplored that can almost be mistaken for a small Zingiber,unless orpoorlycollectedsitesandhaveresultedinthediscovery one is fortunate enough to find flowers at the base of the of new taxa and records. Here, we describe a new species, leafy shoots, which are usually partly hidden by leaf litter. HaniffiaflavescensY.Y.Sam&Julius,discoveredduring ThefruitsofHaniffiaalsodifferintheverythickand an expedition led by the third author to the Endau Rompin fleshywallversusthethin-walledcapsuleintheother NationalPark,Johor,PeninsularMalaysia.Wealsovisited closelyrelatedgenera. thetypelocalityofH.cyanescens (Ridl.) Holttum var. In fact, it is easy to identify members of the genus cyanescens to obtain comprehensive material because Haniffia, because the plant has a Zingiber-likeleafyshoot previouslyitwasonlyknownfromtwocollectionsmade but flowers like those of Scaphochlamys,Boesenbergia, intheearly1900s.Thecollectionoffreshflowersand Curcuma andKaempferia. This unique relationship is fruits has enabled us to provide a complete description, reflectedinitsphylogeneticpositionwhereHaniffiais especiallyofreproductiveparts.Fruitcharactersofall close to these same genera (Kress et al., 2002). However, the taxa are described here for the first time, except H. bootstrap support was weak for uniting these genera to cyanescensvar. penangianaC.K.Lim. formaclade,withavalueofonly59%.Weplantoinclude The genus Haniffia is a small and rare group of allthreespeciesofthisgenusfromdifferentpopulations gingers. Previously, only two species had been named: in our own phylogenetic study of the subfamily H.cyanescens collected in 1903 in Negeri Sembilan, Zingiberoideae to give a clearer view of the intergeneric Peninsular Malaysia (Ridley, 1904 and 1922) and H. relationshipsofHaniffia. albiflora K. Larsen & J. Mood described almost a century later from PeninsularThailand (Larsen and Mood, NEW SPECIES 2000). Subsequently, a new variety, H.cyanescensvar. penangiana,wasdiscoveredatGunungBintang,Kedah Haniffia flavescensY.Y.Sam&Julius,sp.nov.—TYPE: and Penang (Lim, 2000). These few collections show the MALAYSIA.Peninsular Malaysia,Johor,Endau rarityoftheplantsandthenewspeciesH. flavescensis Rompin National Park, 2 Oct 2007, Julius, Sam, and indeedanexcitingfind.AmongMalaysiangingers,itis Kueh FRI 57598 (holotype:KEP,heredesignated; rare because of the small number of species in the genus isotype: E). Figures 1, 2A-D andthefewlocalitiesfromwhichitisknown. Haniffiae cyanescenti (Ridl.) Holttum similis, sed foliorum ligulis atropurpureis, floribus flavidis, labello *Correspondingauthor:E-mail:[email protected];Tel: apice emarginato distinguenda. +603-62797230;Fax:+603-62731041. 360 Botanical Studies, Vol. 50, 2009 Figure 1.Haniffia flavescens. A, Habit; B, Leaf ligule; C, Reproductive part; D, Bract; E, Calyx; F, Dorsal corolla lobe; G, Lateral corolla lobes; H, Lateral staminodes; I, Labellum; J, Stamen and stigma, side view (J’) and front view (J’’); K, Anther crest; L, Stigma; M, Ovary and epigynous glands; N, Cross section of ovary; O, Open fruit, side view (O’) and aerial view (O’’); P, Seed with lacerated aril.(AllfromFRI 57598) SAM et al. — New species of Haniffia 361 Figure 2.Haniffia flavescens (A-D) and H. cyanescensvar.cyanescens (E-H). A, E, Habit; B, F, Inflorescence; C, G, Infructescence; D, H, Leaf ligule. (A, B, C, D, F & H by Sam Y.Y.; E & G by Saw L.G.) 362 Botanical Studies, Vol. 50, 2009 Terrestrial herb, 35-100 cm tall, in clumps, 3-13 shoots the base, oblanceolate, 16-18 × 4-5 mm, both surfaces perclump,shootscloselyspaced;rhizomesca.6mmin coveredwithdense,whiteglandularhairs.Labellumpale diameter; roots fibrous, growing deep in the ground, tuber- yellow with a golden yellow median band, deep crimson ous,to1cmdiameter,outsidepalecream,insidewhite. spots at both sides, obovate, 21-25 × 10-14 mm, swollen Bladeless sheath brownish purple, glabrous, membranous at base where adnate to staminodes, upper surface covered onapexandmargin.Leaves 4-7pairspershoot,sessile; with dense, white glandular hairs, lower surface glabrous, liguledarkpurple,emarginate,5-6mmlong,sparsely apexemarginate,curveddownward.Stamencoveredwith hairy, hairs long white, apex membranous; lamina green, dense, glandular hairs; filament 5-6 mm long; anther 6-10 purplish beneath when mature, narrowly elliptic to lanceo- mm long; anther crest 2-2.5 mm long, apex bidentate. Style late, 12.5-17.5 × 2.8-4.4 cm, base cuneate, apex acuminate, 46-54 mm long, glabrous; stigma cup-shaped, ca. 1.8 mm acumen 6-20 mm long, glabrous on both surfaces, some- long,mouthciliate.Ovary3-locular,ovulesmany,densely times sparsely hairy on the midrib below. Inflorescences hairy.Epigynous glandsyellow,2,free,linear,2-2.4mm borne at base of leafy shoot, 5.6-7 cm long, 3(-5) flow- long.Fruitadehiscentcapsule,oneperinfructescence, ers,peduncleto2.4cmlong.Floral bracts whitish, boat- dark purple when ripe, globose, ca. 2 × 2 cm, ridged, shaped, 24-32 × 6-10 mm, membranous, glabrous except surface rough, glabrescent, splitting longitudinally into 7 thetipwithfewhairs.Calyx greenish, translucent, tubular, valves,valvesfleshy,usually2-loculeswelldeveloped, 36-70mmlong,mouthslanting,apextridentate,hairyat sometimes3.Seeds brown turning greyish-black, ellip- tip.Corolla tube36-70mmlong,hairyoutside,covered soid-obovoid, 6-7 × 3-4 mm, only 1-3 well developed, aril with glandular hairs inside; dorsal corolla lobe pale yel- thickandwhitewhenfresh,thin,straw-yellowandshiny low, elliptic, 20-28 × ca. 6 mm, membranous; lateral co- whendried. rolla lobes pale yellow, elliptic, 20-27 × 4-6 mm. Lateral Additional specimens examined.MALAYSIA.Penin- staminodespaleyellow,sometimeswithcrimsonlineat sular Malaysia, Johor, Endau Rompin National Park, 27 Table 1. MorphologicalcomparisonofHaniffia flavescens,H.cyanescens and H.albiflora. H. flavescens H.cyanescens H.albiflora Character (Figures 1, 2A-D) (Holttum,1950;Lim,2000;cur- (LarsenandMood,2000; rent observations; Figure 2E-H) current observations) Largest leaf lamina (cm) 12.5-17.5 × 2.8-4.4 18.7-21 × 3.8-4.9 10-14×2-3.5 Ligule Length (mm) 5-6 3-4 ca.3 Indumentum Sparselyhairy,longwhite Sparsely pubescent or rarely Hairy,longstraighthairs hairs glabrous Color Dark purple Green Unknown No. of flowers per inflorescence 3(-5) 5-7 2-3 Flower color (except labellum) Paleyellow White White Labellum Shape Obovate, apex emarginate Obcordate, apex bilobed Obovate, apex bilobed Color Paleyellowwithgolden Dark blue-violet with white veins White with yellow blotch at yellow median band; deep orwhitewithpurpleveins base crimson spots at both sides Lateralstaminodes Oblanceolate Obovate to oblanceolate or Elliptic lanceolate Anthercrest Shape Bidentate Rounded Obtuse Indumentum Marginwithouthairs Marginwithfewhairs Unknown Fruit Color Dark purple Greyishdarkpurple Unknown Surface Surfaceroughanddull Surfacesmoothandshiny Indumentum Sparselyhairy Hairy Hairy at the base SAM et al. — New species of Haniffia 363 Aug2007,Chew & Kueh FRI 53707 (HAST, KEP). is easily recognized by its white flowers with yellow Ecology. Primary lowland and hill forest, on slopes, flat blotch at the base of labellum and the elliptic staminodes. andundulatingterrain,inshadedorslightlyexposedareas, The labellum is consistently bilobed (John Mood, per. 239-394maltitude.FloweringandfruitinginApriltoJune comm.) and not emarginate or bilobed as stated in Larsen and August to October respectively. and Mood (2000). However, the lobes are sometimes overlappedandmistakenasemarginate.Thepresence Distribution.Knownonlyfromthetypelocality. of dense, stiff hairs just below the ligules in H. albiflora Etymology.Thisnewspecieswasnamedaftertheyel- distinguishesthisspeciesfromH.cyanescensandH. low flower. flavescens.BasedonKiah24254 (KEP), the fruit is Morphological comparisons.Haniffia flavescensis globose and glabrous except for the dense hairs at the verysimilartoH.cyanescensespeciallyinthevegetative base. The seeds are similar to the other two species, black parts and it is difficult to distinguish the two if flowers are andcoveredwiththin,straw-yellowandshinyarilonthe not available. Generally, H. flavescenshassmallerleaves lower half when dried (see Table 1). thanH.cyanescens (12.5-17.5 × 2.8-4.4 cm vs. 18.7-21 × When comparisons are made between the three species 3.8-4.9 cm) and it also differs in its dark purple
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