Summary: IUCN Compilation on Cruises/Expeditions to Piltun & Elsewhere in the Sea of Okhotsk
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PICES Sci. Rep. No. 2, 1995
TABLE OF CONTENTS Page FOREWORD vii Part 1. GENERAL INTRODUCTION AND RECOMMENDATIONS 1.0 RECOMMENDATIONS FOR INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION IN THE OKHOTSK SEA AND KURIL REGION 3 1.1 Okhotsk Sea water mass modification 3 1.1.1Dense shelf water formation in the northwestern Okhotsk Sea 3 1.1.2Soya Current study 4 1.1.3East Sakhalin Current and anticyclonic Kuril Basin flow 4 1.1.4West Kamchatka Current 5 1.1.5Tides and sea level in the Okhotsk Sea 5 1.2 Influence of Okhotsk Sea waters on the subarctic Pacific and Oyashio 6 1.2.1Kuril Island strait transports (Bussol', Kruzenshtern and shallower straits) 6 1.2.2Kuril region currents: the East Kamchatka Current, the Oyashio and large eddies 7 1.2.3NPIW transport and formation rate in the Mixed Water Region 7 1.3 Sea ice analysis and forecasting 8 2.0 PHYSICAL OCEANOGRAPHIC OBSERVATIONS 9 2.1 Hydrographic observations (bottle and CTD) 9 2.2 Direct current observations in the Okhotsk and Kuril region 11 2.3 Sea level measurements 12 2.4 Sea ice observations 12 2.5 Satellite observations 12 Part 2. REVIEW OF OCEANOGRAPHY OF THE OKHOTSK SEA AND OYASHIO REGION 15 1.0 GEOGRAPHY AND PECULIARITIES OF THE OKHOTSK SEA 16 2.0 SEA ICE IN THE OKHOTSK SEA 17 2.1 Sea ice observations in the Okhotsk Sea 17 2.2 Ease of ice formation in the Okhotsk Sea 17 2.3 Seasonal and interannual variations of sea ice extent 19 2.3.1Gross features of the seasonal variation in the Okhotsk Sea 19 2.3.2Sea ice thickness 19 2.3.3Polynyas and open water 19 2.3.4Interannual variability 20 2.4 Sea ice off the coast of Hokkaido 21 -
The Shantar Tidal Mixing Front
Tidally driven system around the Shantar Islands (the Sea of Okhotsk). I.A. Zhabin V.I.Il'ichev Pacific Oceanological Institute, Vladivostok, RUSSIA PICES-2011, Khabarovsk, Russia The Shantar Islands are located in the southwestern part of the Sea of Okhotsk (Russia, Khabarovsk Region). The Shantar Islands National Park The Shantar Islands area is a unique marine ecosystem that features complex oceanographic processes maintains a high biological diversity of marine life The Sea of Okhotsk is a region of strong tidal currents. According to Kowalik and Polyakov (1998) the major energy sink for diurnal tides is Shelikhov Bay. The major portion of semidiurnal tide energy is dissipated in the southwestern region (Shantar Islands area). The tidal current enhanced over Kashevarov Bank. Vertical stirring assosiated with strong tidal currents is sufficient in some area to mix downward the seasonal buoyancy input and prevent or partly destroy the summer stratification. The boundary between the mixed and stratified waters is delineated by a well defined fronts with sharp change in SST and another properties. The rate of energy dissipation per unit surface in the Okhotsk Sea (erg s-1 cm-2) due to the K1 and M2 tidal components from Kowalik and Polyakov, 1998. The Shantar tidal mixing front The location and seasonal variability of the tidal mixing front (TMF) around the Shantar Islands were studied using satellite and hydrographic data. The Shantar TMF is the dominant feature of the summer hydrographic structure of the southwestern shelf of the Sea of Okhotsk . The mean positions of TMF are compared to the distribution of Simpson and Hunter's (1974) tidal mixing parameter. -
FSC National Risk Assessment
FSC National Risk Assessment for the Russian Federation DEVELOPED ACCORDING TO PROCEDURE FSC-PRO-60-002 V3-0 Version V1-0 Code FSC-NRA-RU National approval National decision body: Coordination Council, Association NRG Date: 04 June 2018 International approval FSC International Center, Performance and Standards Unit Date: 11 December 2018 International contact Name: Tatiana Diukova E-mail address: [email protected] Period of validity Date of approval: 11 December 2018 Valid until: (date of approval + 5 years) Body responsible for NRA FSC Russia, [email protected], [email protected] maintenance FSC-NRA-RU V1-0 NATIONAL RISK ASSESSMENT FOR THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION 2018 – 1 of 78 – Contents Risk designations in finalized risk assessments for the Russian Federation ................................................. 3 1 Background information ........................................................................................................... 4 2 List of experts involved in risk assessment and their contact details ........................................ 6 3 National risk assessment maintenance .................................................................................... 7 4 Complaints and disputes regarding the approved National Risk Assessment ........................... 7 5 List of key stakeholders for consultation ................................................................................... 8 6 List of abbreviations and Russian transliterated terms* used ................................................... 8 7 Risk assessments -
Sakhalin Island: Nivkh
70 Chapter 3 Chapter 3 Sakhalin Island: Nivkh The Nivkh (or Gilyak in older literature) have traditionally inhabited the north- ern half of Sakhalin Island and adjacent regions of the mainland. They are relatively homogeneous in the cultural sense; their differences are mainly based on local adaptations to geographic environments, and the two distinct dialects, Sakhalin and mainland, are mutually intelligible. Their ethnic compo- sition is more homogeneous than that of their Tungusic-speaking Amur neigh- bors as it consists of a large core of kin groups of Nivkh origin and a minority of lineages that trace their descent to non-Nivkh ethnic ancestors, mainly those of Amur groups and Ainu. Nivkh culture, with its emphasis on sedentary fishing, is to a large extent analogous to those of their Amur and Ainu neighbors; however, the specialized maritime hunting of the coastal Nivkh was of a significance equal to fishing, and their sea-mammal hunting technology as well as the belief system empha- sizing marine animal cults connect the Nivkh with North Pacific coastal cul- tures of both sides of the Bering Strait, and archaeologically, with the maritime Okhotsk culture of the southern Sea of Okhotsk and the Old Koryak culture of northern Sea of Okhotsk. Other traits that distinguish the traditional Nivkh culture from their neighbors are aspects of their non-material culture such as corpse disposal by cremation and the alliance of three lineage units based on asymmetric connubium that contrasts with the reciprocal connubium charac- teristic for the mainland Tungus society as well as for the Amur ethnic com- plex. -
Simushir (January 15, 2009) and Samoa (September 30, 2009) Tsunami Recording in the Area of South Kuril Islands
Geophysical Research Abstracts Vol. 12, EGU2010-13331-1, 2010 EGU General Assembly 2010 © Author(s) 2010 Simushir (January 15, 2009) and Samoa (September 30, 2009) tsunami recording in the area of South Kuril Islands Georgy Shevchenko (1), Anton Chernov (1), Peter Kovalev (1), Tatyana Ivelskaya (2), Artem Loskutov (1), and Alexander Shishkin (1) (1) Institute of Marine Geology and Geophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences. Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk, Russia, (2) Sakhalin Tsunami Warning Center, Federal Service of Russia for Hydrometeorology and Environmental Monitoring, Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk, Russia Institute of Marine Geology & Geophysics (the Far East Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences) carried out long wave measurements in the area of South Kuril Islands with the purpose of tsunami recording closely to the seismic active zone and study long wave spectra variability depending of weather conditions. Bottom pressure gauges were installed in several harbors of Shikotan Island, near Cape Lovtsov (north-eastern end of Kunashir Island), in the Kitoviy Bay (Iturup Island) and near Cape Van-der-Lind (Urup Island). Sakhalin Tsunami Center has a cable telemetry tsunami warning station in the Severo-Kurilsk (Paramushir Island). Two tsunamis - a remote Samoa (September 30) and nearby Simushir tsunami (January 15) were recorded by different gauges in the area of South Kuril Islands and by telemetry station in Severo-Kurilsk. To examine spectral properties of long wave oscillations at each gauge, we calculated power spectral estimation using two different data segments (both 1 day length): the period preceding the tsunami event, we identified as “normal” and selected for analysis of the background signal; the “tsunami period” included tsunami caused oscillations. -
Russia's Ring of Fire
Russia’s Ring of Fire Kamchatka, the Commander & Kuril Islands 26th May to7th June 2021 (13 days) Zodiac cruise & Auklet flocks by N. Russ The Pacific Ring of Fire manifests itself in numerous places on the rim of the Pacific Ocean – but nowhere more dramatically than in Russia’s Far East. Along one of the world’s most active plate boundaries, the Pacific plate subducts under the Eurasian plate and the resulting volcanic and geothermal activity has built a unique and amazing landscape. Upwelling from the deep trenches formed by this action and currents around the many islands means there is an abundance of food for both birds and marine mammals, making the seas here amongst the richest in the world. The region’s human history is as interesting and as fascinating as the geological history and it is closely connected to the oceans that surround it. The earliest people to settle in the RBL Russia - Ring of Fire Itinerary 2 region, the Ainu, lived from the sea. Explorer Vitus Bering and, at the height of the Cold war, Russia’s formidable Pacific Fleet, were based in the region. The secrecy surrounding the fleet resulted in the region being ‘closed’ even to Russians, who had to obtain special permits to travel to and within the area. It is only now, two decades since Perestroika, that people can travel relatively freely here, although there is still very little in the way of infrastructure for visitors. This voyage takes us where very few people have been – or are able to go. The region falls into three quite distinct and unique geographical regions: the Kamchatka Peninsula, the Commander Islands (the western extremity of the Aleutian chain of islands) and the Kuril Islands. -
Soviet Naval Force Control and the Red Naval C System: What the Blue Commander Needs to Know
Calhoun: The NPS Institutional Archive Theses and Dissertations Thesis Collection 1989 Soviet Naval Force Control and the Red naval C system: what the Blue commander needs to know Tondu, Jennifer L. Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School http://hdl.handle.net/10945/26259 NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL Monterey, California 7 3-^35 SOVIET NAVAL FORCE CONTROL AND THE RED NAVAL C^ SYSTEM: WHAT THE BLUE COMMANDER NEEDS TO KNOW by Jennifer L. Tondu March 1988 Thesis Advisor: James G. Taylor Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited. T24239 classified irity classification of this page REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE Restrict ive Report Security Classification Lnclassified lb Markings Security Classification Authority 3 Distribution Availability of Report Declassification Downgrading Schedule Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited. Performing Organization Report Number(s) 5 Monitoring Organization Report Number(s) Name of Performing Organization 6b Office Symbol 7a Name of Monitoring Organization aval Postgraduate School (if applicable) 39 Naval Postgraduate School Address (city, state, and ZIP code) 7b Address (city, state, and ZIP code) onterev, CA 93943-5000 Monterey, CA 93943-5000 Name of Funding Sponsoring Organization 8b Office Symbol 9 Procurement Instrument Identification Number (if applicable) Address (dry, state, and ZIP code) 10 Source of Funding Numbers Program Element No Project No Task No Work Unit Accession N Title (include security classification) SOVIET NAVAL FORCE CONTROL AND THE RED NAVAL C3 SYSTEM: WHAT IE BLUE COMMANDER NEEDS TO KNOW Personal Author(s) Jennifer L. Tondu a Type of Report 13b Time Coyered 14 Date of Report (vear. month, day) Page Count aster's Thesis From To March 1988 90 Supplementary Notation The views expressed in this thesis are those of the author and do not reflect the official policy or po- ion of the Department of Defense or the U.S. -
Sea of Okhotsk: Seals, Seabirds and a Legacy of Sorrow
SEA OF OKHOTSK: SEALS, SEABIRDS AND A LEGACY OF SORROW Little known outside of Russia and seldom visited by westerners, Russia's Sea of Okhotsk dominates the Northwest Pacific. Bounded to the north and west by the Russian continent and the Kamchatka Peninsula to the east, with the Kuril Islands and Sakhalin Island guarding the southern border, it is almost landlocked. Its coasts were once home to a number of groups of indigenous people: the Nivkhi, Oroki, Even and Itelmen. Their name for this sea simply translates as something like the ‘Sea of Hunters' or ‘Hunters Sea', perhaps a clue to the abundance of wildlife found here. In 1725, and again in 1733, the Russian explorer Vitus Bering launched two expeditions from the town of Okhotsk on the western shores of this sea in order to explore the eastern coasts of the Russian Empire. For a long time this town was the gateway to Kamchatka and beyond. The modern make it an inhospitable place. However the lure of a rich fishery town of Okhotsk is built near the site of the old town, and little and, more recently, oil and gas discoveries means this sea is has changed over the centuries. Inhabitants now have an air still being exploited, so nothing has changed. In 1854, no fewer service, but their lives are still dominated by the sea. Perhaps than 160 American and British whaling ships were there hunting no other sea in the world has witnessed as much human whales. Despite this seemingly relentless exploitation the suffering and misery as the Sea of Okhotsk. -
Aleuts: an Outline of the Ethnic History
i Aleuts: An Outline of the Ethnic History Roza G. Lyapunova Translated by Richard L. Bland ii As the nation’s principal conservation agency, the Department of the Interior has re- sponsibility for most of our nationally owned public lands and natural and cultural resources. This includes fostering the wisest use of our land and water resources, protecting our fish and wildlife, preserving the environmental and cultural values of our national parks and historical places, and providing for enjoyment of life through outdoor recreation. The Shared Beringian Heritage Program at the National Park Service is an international program that rec- ognizes and celebrates the natural resources and cultural heritage shared by the United States and Russia on both sides of the Bering Strait. The program seeks local, national, and international participation in the preservation and understanding of natural resources and protected lands and works to sustain and protect the cultural traditions and subsistence lifestyle of the Native peoples of the Beringia region. Aleuts: An Outline of the Ethnic History Author: Roza G. Lyapunova English translation by Richard L. Bland 2017 ISBN-13: 978-0-9965837-1-8 This book’s publication and translations were funded by the National Park Service, Shared Beringian Heritage Program. The book is provided without charge by the National Park Service. To order additional copies, please contact the Shared Beringian Heritage Program ([email protected]). National Park Service Shared Beringian Heritage Program © The Russian text of Aleuts: An Outline of the Ethnic History by Roza G. Lyapunova (Leningrad: Izdatel’stvo “Nauka” leningradskoe otdelenie, 1987), was translated into English by Richard L. -
Living in Two Places : Permanent Transiency In
living in two places: permanent transiency in the magadan region Elena Khlinovskaya Rockhill Scott Polar Research Institute, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1ER, UK; [email protected] abstract Some individuals in the Kolyma region of Northeast Russia describe their way of life as “permanently temporary.” This mode of living involves constant movements and the work of imagination while liv- ing between two places, the “island” of Kolyma and the materik, or mainland. In the Soviet era people maintained connections to the materik through visits, correspondence and telephone conversations. Today, living in the Kolyma means living in some distant future, constantly keeping the materik in mind, without fully inhabiting the Kolyma. People’s lives embody various mythologies that have been at work throughout Soviet Kolyma history. Some of these models are being transformed, while oth- ers persist. Underlying the opportunities afforded by high mobility, both government practices and individual plans reveal an ideal of permanency and rootedness. KEYWORDS: Siberia, gulag, Soviet Union, industrialism, migration, mobility, post-Soviet The Magadan oblast’1 has enjoyed only modest attention the mid-seventeenth century, the history of its prishloye in arctic anthropology. Located in northeast Russia, it be- naseleniye3 started in the 1920s when the Kolyma region longs to the Far Eastern Federal Okrug along with eight became known for gold mining and Stalinist forced-labor other regions, okrugs and krais. Among these, Magadan camps. oblast' is somewhat peculiar. First, although this territory These regional peculiarities—a small indigenous pop- has been inhabited by various Native groups for centu- ulation and a distinct industrial Soviet history—partly ries, compared to neighboring Chukotka and the Sakha account for the dearth of anthropological research con- Republic (Yakutia), the Magadan oblast' does not have a ducted in Magadan. -
Phylogeography of Steller Sea Lions: Relationships Among Climate Change, Effective Population Size, and Genetic Diversity
Journal of Mammalogy, 92(5):1091–1104, 2011 Phylogeography of Steller sea lions: relationships among climate change, effective population size, and genetic diversity C. D. PHILLIPS,* T. S. GELATT,J.C.PATTON, AND J. W. BICKHAM Center for the Environment, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA (CDP, JCP, JWB) Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA (CDP, JCP, JWB) National Marine Fisheries Service, Alaska Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Mammal Laboratory, 7600 Sand Point Way, NE, Seattle, WA 98114, USA (TSG) * Correspondent: [email protected] The biology of the Steller sea lion (Eumetopias jubatus) has been the subject of intense scientific investigation. This is primarily due to the rapid decline of population size in the western part of the species’ range since the 1970s and the subsequent Threatened and Endangered species listings that had direct impact on the management of one of the world’s largest fisheries. The Steller sea lion has emerged as an indicator species representing the environmental health of the North Pacific Ocean and Bering Sea. In this study, to better understand the historical processes that have culminated in the extant populations of E. jubatus, a large genetic data set consisting of 3 mitochondrial regions for .1,000 individuals was analyzed from multiple phylogeographic and demographic perspectives. The results describe the role of climate change in shaping the population structure of E. jubatus. Climatically associated historical processes apparently involved differential demographic responses to ice ages (and putative glacial vicariance) dependent on population size. Ice ages during times of small effective population size promoted restricted gene flow and fragmentation, and ice ages occurring during times of large population size promoted gene flow and dispersal. -
Development of the North Sakhalin Aqua Territorial Production Complex (ATPC) Program: View from the Past
A Service of Leibniz-Informationszentrum econstor Wirtschaft Leibniz Information Centre Make Your Publications Visible. zbw for Economics Zolotova, Valentina Conference Paper Development of the North Sakhalin aqua territorial production complex (ATPC) program: View from the past 54th Congress of the European Regional Science Association: "Regional development & globalisation: Best practices", 26-29 August 2014, St. Petersburg, Russia Provided in Cooperation with: European Regional Science Association (ERSA) Suggested Citation: Zolotova, Valentina (2014) : Development of the North Sakhalin aqua territorial production complex (ATPC) program: View from the past, 54th Congress of the European Regional Science Association: "Regional development & globalisation: Best practices", 26-29 August 2014, St. Petersburg, Russia, European Regional Science Association (ERSA), Louvain-la-Neuve This Version is available at: http://hdl.handle.net/10419/124337 Standard-Nutzungsbedingungen: Terms of use: Die Dokumente auf EconStor dürfen zu eigenen wissenschaftlichen Documents in EconStor may be saved and copied for your Zwecken und zum Privatgebrauch gespeichert und kopiert werden. personal and scholarly purposes. Sie dürfen die Dokumente nicht für öffentliche oder kommerzielle You are not to copy documents for public or commercial Zwecke vervielfältigen, öffentlich ausstellen, öffentlich zugänglich purposes, to exhibit the documents publicly, to make them machen, vertreiben oder anderweitig nutzen. publicly available on the internet, or to distribute or otherwise use the documents in public. Sofern die Verfasser die Dokumente unter Open-Content-Lizenzen (insbesondere CC-Lizenzen) zur Verfügung gestellt haben sollten, If the documents have been made available under an Open gelten abweichend von diesen Nutzungsbedingungen die in der dort Content Licence (especially Creative Commons Licences), you genannten Lizenz gewährten Nutzungsrechte.