People and things

these pure glue states and quark- form factor and structure function Finland joining CERN antiquark states with the same determinations, weak form factors quantum numbers has not yet been of charmed mesons, and proton At a specially-arranged session of computed and so it is not possible decay probabilities. More disap• CERN Council on 27 April, the dele• to make reliable mass predictions. pointing are efforts to understand gates of CERN's 14 Member States The electroweak sector has also isospin selection rules, where enor• voted unanimously in favour of ad• received attention from lattice the• mous numerical cancellations in the mitting Finland as the Organiza• orists. Brian Pendleton, also from calculations obscure the results. tion's 15th Member State. Ratifica- Edinburgh, explained the paradox However the general message is tion should be complete in time for that non-perturbative methods can an upbeat one; many fundamental Finland's accession to be effective be needed to study weak interac• quantities in strong interaction phy• from 1 January 1991. The tions, where perturbation is nor• sics are being computed from first country's contributions to the mally a safe bet. The problem is in principles and meaningful phenom• CERN budget will increase on a the Higgs sector (symmetry-break• enology from the lattice is begin• sliding scale, eventually reaching ing dynamics supplying mass) ning to be possible. Reduction of their full level in 1995. In the mean• where the self-interaction of the systematic errors is the prime goal time the Finnish Government in• Higgs particle can become strong if and that requires computational re• tends to increase substantially its the Higgs particle is heavy. sources far in excess of what is support for the national programme Speculation has been rife for currently available to individual re• in high energy physics research. some time that very high energy search groups. The way forward heavy ion collisions might be able needs international cooperation to On people to produce energy densities suffi• establish facilities comparable to cient to induce a phase transition those enjoyed by experimentalists. from the usual state in which Vernon Hughes of Yale has been selected for the 1990 Bonner Prize quarks and gluons are confined in By Ken Bowler conventional nuclear matter to a in recognition of his important deconfined phase, creating the work on polarized electron beams long-awaited quark-gluon plasma. and his contributions toward meas• Frithjof Karsch from CERN gave a uring the spin dependence of the review of recent theoretical devel• nucleon quark content (structure opments. Observable conse• functions). quences would be a large latent heat at the transition temperature and screening of the heavy quark- antiquark potential so that there would be no heavy quark bound states in the plasma phase. Recent lattice computations suggest that the transition temperature is re• duced from its value of roughly 200 MeV in the quenched theory to perhaps 150 MeV, leading to a critical energy density of roughly 1 GeV per cubic fermi. In the final talk Chris Sachrajda covered the progress towards the calculating hadron transitions using lattice QCD. Notable successes in• clude obtaining values of some meson decay constants to within Erwin Gabathuler of Liverpool and formerly CERN Research Director has been elected a 15 % of experimental values, pion Fellow of the Royal Society, London.

CERN Courier, June 1990 23 Visiting CERN on 25 April, Vladimir Shatalov (right), Director of the Soviet cosmonaut preparation centre, and V.A. Denissenko, Vice-Director of the Institute of the Earth, Moscow, had an inside view of the Delphi experiment at the LEP electron-positron col• lider. Accompanying them (left) was Delphi spokesman Ugo A ma Idi.

(Photo CERN 135.4.90)

Fred Reines of Irvine is to receive the 1990 Michaelson-Morley Award from Case Western Reserve University in recognition of his 1956 discovery of the neutrino (with Clyde Cowan) and his contin• ued forefront work in neutrino phy• sics.

New Director for Swiss PSI Laboratory

On 1 April Anton Menth became Director of the Swiss Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen - Wurenlingen, succeeding Jean-Pierre Blaser. After beginning his physics career with solid-state research at ETH, Zurich, Menth moved into Swiss in• dustry, taking on a series of key roles with first the Brown Boveri and then the Oerlikon concerns. He is now also Professor of Physics at ETH Zurich. Jean-Pierre Blaser has been Di• rector of the Schweizerische Insti- tut fur Nuklearforschung (SIN) since its inception as a meson factory in 1968. After presiding over the ini• tial phase of the merger of SIN with the neighbouring Eidgenossiches Institut fur Reaktorforschung (EIR) he became first Director of the combined Laboratory, renamed the Paul Scherrer Institute, in 1988. For several years he was also Swiss representative to CERN Council.

CEBAF injector operates at 5 MeV

In an April 19 test, the initial 5 MeV superconducting section for the injector of the Continuous Elec• tron Beam Accelerator Facility be• ing built at Newport News, Virginia,

Anton Menth (left) becomes Director of the Swiss Paul Scherrer Institute, succeeding Jean-Pierre Blaser (right).

24 CERN Courier, June 1990 AVAX Processor on VME for Real Time applications*

AEON Systems, Inc., a leader in the The AEON VME300 field of Real Time acquisition and licensed developer on VAXBI, brings you the first complete VAX processor on VME for Real Time applications. The AEON VME300 includes all the features necessary to support Real Time data acquisition and control applications in a VME environment. It incorporates the rtVAX 300 subassembly from Digital with a VMEbus interface, optional memory up to 8 Mbytes, plus: • Onboard memory dual ported to VME • Complete VME Interface • Real Time Clock • VAX processor and Floating Point Unit • Ethernet Controller • VAXELN Real Time Kernal (This Real Time environment from Digital executes on the VME300 and a development system which runs on the VMS host.) VMEbus System Also Available You can also get a total VMEbus solution combining a VME300, VME enclosure with backplane, and power supply. This assembly, the AEON 8310 Model, has been specifically designed to meet your exacting, real world needs. Product Shipment Begins June 30/1990! Shipment of the VME300 will proceed based on when your order is received by AEON Systems. We are also actively seeking representatives familiar with the SYSTEMS INCORPORATED VME market in the U.S. and Europe. To order, or for more product information, contact: In Europe, contact: AEON Systems Incorporated Horizon Technologies (France) 8401 Washington Place N.E., Albuquerque, New Mexico 87113 Phone: +32 (1) 64.46.62.02 Phone: 505/828-9120 Fax: 505/828-9115 HYTEC Electronics, LTD. (U.K.) VAX, VAXELN, VMS and rtVAXSOO are trademarks of Digital Equipment Corporation. Phone: +44 734697973

CERN Courier, June 1990 25 Construction work underway for the Contin• uous Electron Beam Accelerator Facility (CEBAF), Newport News, Virginia. accelerated an electron beam to design energy. This superconduct• ing quarter-cryomodule - of the same design as the full cryomo- dules to be used in both the 4 GeV accelerator itself and the rest of the 45 MeV injector - contains a her• metically joined pair of accelerating cavities immersed in 2K helium. Continued 5 MeV operations will test beam current, position, and profile monitors as well as pre-pro• duction radiofrequency control units and associated hardware. In another development earlier in April, Robert Gay Construction Company of Jacksonville, Florida, began building CEBAF's three end stations. Gay's $11.8 million con• tract calls for circular, partially un• derground concrete halls 30, 46, and 53 metres in diameter.

Superconducting equipment for Brazil

Thirteen superconducting niobium- sheathed radiofrequency accelerat• ing modules of the type developed at Argonne for ATLAS (Argonne Tandem Linear Accelerator Sys• tem) are to be supplied to Sao Pau• lo, Brazil, to upgrade the universi• ty's electrostatic accelerator.

Waiting for RHIC

With construction of the RHIC Rela- tivistic Heavy Ion Collider expected to get underway at Brookhaven in October 1991 (April, page 16), preparations for the experimental programme move into top gear.

Oscar Sala (left) of Sao Paulo, Brazil, and Lowell Bollinger, head of Argonne s ATLAS accelerator, with one of the superconducting accelerating units developed at Argonne for ATLAS. 13 such units are to be supplied to upgrade Sao Paulo's electrostatic accelera• tor.

26 CERN Courier, June 1990 Discussing heavy ion physics results from the Alternating Gradient Synchrotron at Brookhaven - (left to right) Ole Hansen, Mik- los Gyulassy and Flemming Videbaek.

tions at the quark and lepton level and looked at the probable out• come, based on Standard Model physics. With 785 citations, this was the most referred-to phenom• enology paper and should have been included in the top ten pap• ers. A misprint which hindered some subsequent citations obscured re• ferences to the 1985 Nuclear Phy• sics B paper by L. Dixon, J.A. Har• vey, C. Vafa and E. Witten on 'Strings on orbifolds', which looked at the 'compactification' of un• wanted dimensions in superstring theory. Our apologies to all the authors.

The amended top twenty in full The Fourth Workshop on Experi• nel (December 1989, page 1) could The initial figure is the citation ments and Detectors is scheduled take heavy ion beams on board. score: for Brookhaven from 2-7 July, im• mediately following the Inter• Meetings 1102 P. Candelas et al: Nuclear national Conference on Particles Physics 6258(1985) 46 and Nuclei (PANIC) in Cambridge, 969 D.J. Gross et al: Nuclear Phy• A workshop on tau neutrino phy• Massachusetts (further information sics 8256(1985) 253 sics to be held at Orsay from 24- from the RHIC office, bitnet 925 A.M. Polyakov: Physics Let• 27 September, organized jointly by rhicuser at bnldag). ters 7058(1981) 207 the French IN2P3 (CNRS) and CEA, Meanwhile accomplishments so 897 D.J. Gross et al: Phys. Rev. will cover experiment, theory, and far with heavy ion beams at Brook- Letters 54 (1985) 502 ideas for the future. Attendance haven's Alternating Gradient 893 Particle Data Group: Physics (about 100) is by invitation only. Synchrotron (which will act as the Letters B170 (1986) 1 Contact Tau workshop, c/o Nicole RHIC injector) were surveyed at a 842 A.H. Guth: Phys. Rev. D23 Mathieu, Universite Paris-Sud, LAL workshop at Brookhaven from 5-7 (1981) 347 Bat 200, 91405 Orsay Cedex, March. 828 M.B. Green, J.H. Schwarz: France, bitnet orsaytau at frcpn 11 At Berkeley, the Nuclear Science Physics Letters 7498(1984) 117 Division has set up a Relativistic 811 A.A. Belavin et al: Nuclear Nuclear Collision Group under Art Top papers of the 1980s Physics B241 (1984) 333 Poskanzer to cover preparations 764 J.H. Schwarz: Physics Re• for RHIC and ongoing heavy ion In the analysis of a decade of parti• ports 89 (1982) 223 studies at CERN and at the local cle physics papers to find the most 754 E. Eichten et al: Rev. Mod. Bevalac. frequently cited results of the Phys. 56(1984) 579 At CERN, supplier of the world's 1980s (April, page 7), a big one 652 E. Witten: Nuclear Physics highest energy heavy ion beams unfortunately slipped through the 8223(1983) 422 (sulphur-32 ions at 200 GeV/nu- net. The 1984 Reviews of Modern 598 D. Friedan et al: Nuclear Phy• cleon), plans are being groomed for Physics paper by E. Eichten, I. sics B271 (1986) 93 an international project to supply Hinchliffe, K. Lane and C. Quigg 592 G. Arnison et al (UA1): Phy• beams of lead ions. In addition, the stressed the importance of a phy• sics Letters 126B (1983) 398 LHC idea for a proton collider using sics programme exploring the 1 585 P. Bagnaia et al (UA2): Phy• the existing 27-kilometre LEP tun• TeV (1000 GeV) scale for interac• sics Letters 7298(1983) 130

CERN Courier, June 1990 27 582 G. Arnison et al (UA1): Phy• on Theory prepared by Wolfgang change, and the quantum mechani• sics Letters 7226(1983) 103 Lucha with Herbert Pietschmann. cal understanding of atomic struc• 542 A. Albrecht, P.J. Steinhart: Marcel Sturzinger helped with gra• ture. 'Elementary particles' classi• Phys. Rev. Letters 48 (1982) 1220 phics and the posters were printed fies particles into bosons and fer- 537 A.D. Linde: Physics Letters by Sappl in Kufstein, Austria. mions and introduces the concepts 108B (1982) 389 The posters on accelerators take of quantum numbers and of anti- 523 M. Creutz: Phys. Rev. D21 the historical route to high energies particles. 'Standard theory' sum• (1980) 2308 to cover the different techniques of marizes present knowledge of par• 518 L. Dixon et al: Nuclear Physics particle acceleration. They begin ticles in the standard model. 'Quark B261 (1985) 678 with 'General principles' - defini• model' explains the properties of 507 D.J. Gross et al: Nuclear Phy• tion of the electronvolt, TV tubes the strongly interacting particles, sics 8267(1986) 75 as an example of the basic ele• the hadrons, in terms of their quark 505 E. Witten: Nuclear Physics ments of an accelerator, and the and gluon constituents. The final 8258(1985) 75 distinction between fixed target poster on 'Fundamental interac• 495 M. Banner et al (UA2): Phy• and colliding beams. They move on tions' illustrates the fundamental in• sics Letters 122B (1983) 476 to 'DC machines and cyclotrons' - teractions found in nature. 478 E. Witten: Commun. Math. from Crookes' tube, via the Cock- The posters are aimed at pre- Phys. 92 (1984) 455 croft-Walton and Van de Graaff to university school classes and could 470 E. Witten: Nuclear Physics the cyclotron. Next come the ma• also be useful in postgraduate edu• 6268(1986) 253 chines for relativistic particles cation of teachers, introductory lec• 466 Particle Data Group: Reviews 'Synchro-cyclotrons, linacs, syn• tures in physics courses and in of Modern Physics 52 (1980) S1 chrotrons' with illustration of the popular science lectures. They can 446 A.M. Polyakov: Physics Let• principles of alternating gradient also serve in other general presen• ters 7038(1981) 211 and of phase stability. They con• tations of particle physics and its 426 H.P. Nilles: Physics Reports clude with 'Colliders' covering elec• associated technologies. 7 70(1984) 1 tron-positron, proton-proton and The posters are 70 x 100 cm in 423 D. Friedan et al: Phys. Rev. proton- antiproton machines. full colour. The English version is Letters 52 (1984) 1575 The posters on 'Detectors' con• available from CERN at a cost of 413 L. Alvarez-Gaume, E. Witten: centrate on the most up-to-date 350 Swiss francs for the full set. Nuclear Physics B234 (1984) 269 techniques for particle detection. Requests should be addressed to 408 E. Witten: Nuclear Physics They begin with a comparison of Petra Pamblanco, Publications Sec• 8223(1983) 433 'Fixed target/collider experiments' tion, CERN, 1211 Geneva 23, Swit• 406 Particle Data Group: Physics using schematic representations of zerland. The German version is Letters B204 (1988) 1 both types. 'Wire chambers'are available from the printer at a cost 404 P. van Nieuwenhuizen: Phy• covered moving from the Geiger of 4160 Austrian schillings for the sics Reports 68 (1981) 189 counter and proportional chamber full set. Requests should be sent to to drift chambers and time projec• Paul Sappl, Eichelwang 15, 6332 tion chambers. 'Particle identifica• Kufstein, Austria. (Reduced costs tion' is illustrated via Cherenkov could be negotiated for large ord• Posters for schools light devices and the energy loss ers for either language version.) It methods. These posters conclude is probable that a French version On the initiative of Meinhard Regler with 'Calorimeters' with diagrams will be produced before the end of from the High Energy Physics Insti• of various types of such devices the year. People interested in help• tute in Vienna, a series of thirteen such as a sandwich structure calo• ing to organize production in other posters on accelerators and parti• rimeter and a hadron calorimeter languages should make contact cle physics have been printed for for a fixed target experiment. with Brian Southworth at CERN. use in schools. They are in three The posters on 'Theory' begin sets: l-IV on Accelerators and Col• with 'Fundamental particles' with liders, prepared by Brian South- their dual role as building blocks of worth; V-VIII on Detectors, pre• matter and transmitters of force, pared by Meinhard Regler; IX-XIII their interactions via particle ex•

28 CERN Courier, June 1990 Users' corner Bernard D. Hyams At the end of April, Bernard D. The May issue (page 27) out• FILE EXEC file. This will show Hyams 'retired' after 32 years at lined how the European Commit• any such news issued since the CERN, only to continue his normal tee for Future Accelerators previous login. On the central activities the next day. Joining (ECFA) has set up nine detector VAX cluster this news may be CERN in 1958 after cosmic ray and three physics working read by typing NEWS LHCWG work at Manchester, his first ex• groups for exploring in detail the Those interested but not hav• periment, conducted in the Lotsch- physics possibilities for the ing an account on the CERN berg tunnel, showed that the nu- Large Hadron Collider (LHC) pro• computers should send their el• cleon lives longer than 2 x 1026 posed for CERN (December ectronic mail addresses to the years, the significance of which 1989, page 1). CERN Users' Office - CERNUO was only recognized many years To promote rapid dissemina• at CERNVM or PA TTISON at later. In one of the first experi• tion of information from these CERNVM mentioning LHCWG ments at the CERN PS, he demon• working groups, a new news Those without access to elec• strated that in pion decay the muon feature, LHCWG NEWS, will tronic mail should write to Bryan spin behaved as expected. After a soon be installed on the Pattison, Users' Office, CERN, study of vector meson decays into CERNVM and CERNVAX com• 1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland. muon pairs, he spent several years puter systems. on precision pion measurements. LHCWG NEWS can be ac• With the discovery of charmed par• cessed at any time from ticles, he pioneered the application CERNVM by typing NEWS of the silicon microstrip technique (LHCWG To see this news regu• There will be an Intermediary for high precision vertex measure• larly, add the line Meeting of all the ECFA LHC ments, developing during a sabba• 'EXEC NEWS (LHCWG UNSEEN' Working Groups in the CERN tical year at SLAC the VLSI chip for at a suitable point in your PRO• Auditorium on 18-19 June. microstrip readout. While continu• ing his research work, he was Leader of CERN's Experimental Physics Division from 1984-87.

From Peter Weilhammer and Friedrich Dydak

The European Southern Observatory's trav• elling astronomy exhibition 'Discoveries in the Southern Sky' is spending six months at CERN's 'Microcosm' exhibition centre. The choice of ESO as Microcosm's first guest exhibitor is especially apt: new physics in• sights are finding increasing common ground between astronomy - the study of the large-scale structure of the Universe - and particle physics - which looks at the in• finitely small; and ESO underlines its close links with CERN, where it had a temporary home while waiting for its Garching, near Munich, headquarters to be built.

(Photo CERN 529.3.90}

CERN Courier, June 1990 29