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Contents Distribution Abstracts of student project reports: Uganda since 1998 PLANT AND FOREST ECOLOGY CONTENTS DISTRIBUTION 1 EPIPHYTES 5 FIGS 6 FOREST ECOLOGY 8 INVASIVE PLANTS 16 MORPHOLOGY 19 POLLINATION 21 SHRUB AND UNDERSTOREY 25 DISTRIBUTION Seed retention in Marantochloa leucantha - implications for seed dispersal strategy Abstract The aim of the survey was to investigate seed dispersal strategy of Marantochloa leucantha, a native species of East African tropical forest. We measured removal and ripening rates of fruits having different exposure to insolation and frugivory. The fruits ripened and were removed very slowly. There was no difference in proportion of ripe to green fruits between the compared localities. We suggest M. leucantha, a light demanding herb, has adapted to dynamic gap matrix in tropical forest by having prolonged fruiting season. Its fruit can either be taken by primary dispersers to newly created gaps, or split open by themselves. Released seeds containing arils may be dispersed within or in proximity to the parental gap by secondary dispersers like ants. Myrmecochory is rarely studied in tropical forests, which makes this finding particularly interesting. Ingella Jansson, Umeå University, Sweden Joanna Reszka, Jagiellonian University, Poland 2001 Spatial distribution of large trees: Competition or not? Abstract The relationship between distance and size of near neighbour large trees was investigated to find out if their spatial distribution is determined by competition. We found no correlation between tree size and nearest-neighbour distance, thus rejecting the hypothesis of a competition-determined distribution. The spatial distribution of large trees was found to be clumped and not uniform. Together these results suggest that competition is a weak force in determining spatial patterns amongst big trees. Pella Larsson, Stockholm University, Sweden Vera Kereka Malongo, Egerton University, Kenya 2001 A comparative study of the densities of living and dead trees in heavily logged and unlogged areas of Kibale National Park Abstract The future of tropical rain forests, such as Kibale, depends on their ability to regenerate after logging has occurred. By comparing tree densities in logged and unlogged areas, we aim to Page 1 of 27 Abstracts of student project reports: Uganda since 1998 PLANT AND FOREST ECOLOGY contribute to a better understanding of the impacts of logging on forest regeneration. Previous research showed that logging considerably reduced the density and basal area of living trees, and increased the density of dead trees. This study found no differences between the densities or basal areas of living or dead trees in a logged and an unlogged area of Kibale, 33 years after the logging occurred. This suggests that the forest may have a high capacity for structural regeneration, compared to other tropical forests, which can take centuries to recover. Kowiyou Yessoufou, Université d’Abomey-Calavi, Cotonou, Benin Catherine Butterfield, Oxford University, UK 2002 Distribution and abundance of selected tree and undergrowth plant species in relation to slope in Kibale Forest National Park Abstract The effect of slope on the distribution and abundance of some selected tree and undergrowth species was investigated in the unlogged forest of Kibale Forest National Park. Belt transect method was used to sample the selected tree species while the undergrowth species was sampled by line intercept method. It was found that slope (p<0.05) has a contrasted effect on the distribution and abundance of Celtis durandii, Trilepisium pheberos, and Strombosia scheffleri while there was no effect on Parinari excelsa (p>0.05). For the undergrowth species, Palisota schweinfurthii, Dracaena laxisma, Marantachloa sp., and Mimulopsis sp. are affected in distribution and abundance by canopy cover (p<0.05) along the slope categories. Only the abundant Palisota schweinfurthii was varied significantly (p<0.05) in between transects. Chrispine Safari, Institute of Tropical Forest Conservation, Uganda Folaranmi Dapo Babalola, University of Ibadan, Nigeria 2002 Effects of a topographic gradient on the distribution, abundance and structure of some tree species in Kibale Forest Abstract This study investigates the effect of topographic gradient on the composition, structure abundance, and canopy (light intensity) on some selected tree species, ground (shrub) cover and soil moisture in Kibale Forest. In each transect five plots 10 m x 40 m were established. Higher percentages of trees were found in lower size GBH (girth at breast height) class distribution than in higher gbh size classes. There were no significant differences in species diversity along the topographic gradient (slopes). The percentage ground cover differed along the slopes, whilst there was no correlation between slope and light intensity. For soil moisture content there was no significant differences between plots in transects 1 and 2. However, plots in transects 3 and 4 showed significant differences. The study concluded that in order to observe a clear relationship between topographic gradient (elevation) and tree distribution, abundance, structure and soil properties, the gradient must be much bigger (i.e. greater altitudinal difference). Other factors such as soil properties, cyclic changes in forest composition related to successional stage and the history of the sites must also be considered. Demetrius Kweka, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Tanzania Jaspher Okello, Makerere University, Uganda 2002 Page 2 of 27 Abstracts of student project reports: Uganda since 1998 PLANT AND FOREST ECOLOGY A comparative study of tree densities and diversities in logged and unlogged areas of Kibale National Park Abstract A comparative study of tree densities and diversities in logged and unlogged areas was initiated in three plots in Kibale National Park. The plots were located in areas that had different logging intensities; unlogged, lightly logged and colonizing plantation. Out of the 40 tree species identified, the unlogged plot had the highest species richness of 30. The diameter size class did not show much variation. For tree density there was no significant difference found between either plots. The unlogged plot had the highest basal area of 243.26 m²/ha. No significant difference was found between the basal areas of the lightly logged & colonized areas. However between lightly logged & unlogged and unlogged & colonized plots the difference was significant. Mariëlle Beijen, Leiden University, The Netherlands Belinda Laryea, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science & Technology, Ghana 2003 Size and distribution of Trema orientalis and Polyscias fulva in a recently logged and secondary logged plantations in Kanyawara, Kibale National Park Abstract The study was conducted in Kibale Forest at two logged sites to compare the size and distribution of Trema orientalis and Polyscias fulva. The two tree species are light demanding that colonize logged and disturbed forests. We had two sample sites; the first was logged 4 years ago and the second 9 years ago. In each site, fifteen plots (10 m x 10 m) were chosen using random sampling in which all trees were counted; T. orientalis on the first site and P. fulva on the second site. Again in the first and second site all P. fulva and T. orientalis were counted in total area of 100 m x 70 m in each case respectively. The DBH and crown diameter of all trees in each plot were measured. Mean density of T. orientalis is greater in the recently logged than in the old logged forest while P. fulva was more abundant in the old logged forest. We observed that stem size of T. orientalis in the recently logged forest was greater than that of P. fulva trees where as the P. fulva trees were bigger and more common in the old logged forest. Mhagama Musa, I-TOO Project, Tanzania Asekenye A. Julian, Makerere University, Uganda Eyob Getahun Made, Forestry Research Centre, EARO/ETV, Ethiopia 2003 Success variation of Palisota schweinfurthii in different habitats Abstract In an attempt to find out how and why Palisota schweinfurthii, a dominant forest understorey plant, varies in its abundance and appearance, 155 P. schweinfurthii plants were sampled over a two-week period in different habitats types down a slope at Kibale Forest National Park. Sunlight, water and nitrate content of the habitats were estimated. With these as benchmark, the plasticity of P. schweinfurthii was measured. The study shows that there is a relationship between the abundance (individuals/ha) of P. schweinfurthii and the degree of canopy opening and a similar relationship between leaf size (plant size) and canopy opening. It could also be argued that water and nitrate are limiting on the top of slope and in the swamp respectively. John Abraham, Forest Services Division, Ghana Andreas Landberg, Lund University, Sweden 2004 Page 3 of 27 Abstracts of student project reports: Uganda since 1998 PLANT AND FOREST ECOLOGY Tree species regeneration potential, diversity and distribution in the logged, unlogged, and community adjacent forest edges in Kibale National Park Abstract This study investigated tree regeneration potential, diversity and distribution in three sites (edge, logged and unlogged) in Kibale National Park in Uganda. Tree species density per hectare was not significantly different (P=0.694) implying that tree regeneration structure is almost alike in both the logged, unlogged and at the forest edge. Significant difference (P= 0.027) between the median diversities in the three study
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