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Pakistan-U.S. Relations
Order Code RL33498 CRS Report for Congress Received through the CRS Web Pakistan-U.S. Relations Updated October 26, 2006 K. Alan Kronstadt Specialist in Asian Affairs Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division Congressional Research Service ˜ The Library of Congress Pakistan-U.S. Relations Summary A stable, democratic, economically thriving Pakistan is considered vital to U.S. interests. U.S. concerns regarding Pakistan include regional terrorism; Pakistan- Afghanistan relations; weapons proliferation; the ongoing Kashmir problem and Pakistan-India tensions; human rights protection; and economic development. A U.S.-Pakistan relationship marked by periods of both cooperation and discord was transformed by the September 2001 terrorist attacks on the United States and the ensuing enlistment of Pakistan as a key ally in U.S.-led counterterrorism efforts. Top U.S. officials regularly praise Islamabad for its ongoing cooperation, although doubts exist about Islamabad’s commitment to some core U.S. interests. Pakistan is identified as a base for terrorist groups and their supporters operating in Kashmir, India, and Afghanistan. Since late 2003, Pakistan’s army has been conducting unprecedented counterterrorism operations in the country’s western tribal areas. Separatist violence in India’s Muslim-majority Jammu and Kashmir state has continued unabated since 1989, with some notable relative decline in recent years. India has blamed Pakistan for the infiltration of Islamic militants into Indian Kashmir, a charge Islamabad denies. The United States reportedly has received pledges from Islamabad that all “cross-border terrorism” would cease and that any terrorist facilities in Pakistani-controlled areas would be closed. Similar pledges have been made to India. -
Authoritarianism and Political Party Reforms in Pakistan
AUTHORITARIANISM AND POLITICAL PARTY REFORM IN PAKISTAN Asia Report N°102 – 28 September 2005 TABLE OF CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY AND RECOMMENDATIONS................................................. i I. INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................................... 1 II. PARTIES BEFORE MUSHARRAF............................................................................. 2 A. AFTER INDEPENDENCE..........................................................................................................2 B. THE FIRST MILITARY GOVERNMENT.....................................................................................3 C. CIVILIAN RULE AND MILITARY INTERVENTION.....................................................................4 D. DISTORTED DEMOCRACY......................................................................................................5 III. POLITICAL PARTIES UNDER MUSHARRAF ...................................................... 6 A. CIVILIAN ALLIES...................................................................................................................6 B. MANIPULATING SEATS..........................................................................................................7 C. SETTING THE STAGE .............................................................................................................8 IV. A PARTY OVERVIEW ............................................................................................... 11 A. THE MAINSTREAM:.............................................................................................................11 -
Survey March 7-30, 2009 Survey Methodology
IRI Index Pakistan Public Opinion Survey March 7-30, 2009 Survey Methodology • In-person, in-home interview • National representative sample of adult residents of Pakistan. • n = 3,500 • Conducted between March 7-30, 2009 • Margin of error ± 1.66 percent overall • Data collected by Socio Economic Development Consultants (SEDCO) • A multi-stage probability sample was used. In the first stage, the sample was stratified into four provinces. In the second stage, the sample was further stratified into districts within each province by rural and urban categories. In the third stage eachdistrict was further stratified by Union Councils. • The sample was distributed at the provincial level, rural and urban, in all four provinces of Pakistan (except for the Federally Administrative Tribal Areas (FATA), Chitral and Kohistan). The sample was then post-weighted to make it proportionate to national representation by province. • The eligibility criteria is age, which for this survey is 18 years and above. • The response rate was just over 90percent. • The interview teams were comprised of both of males and females;the female respondents were interviewed by female interviewers and male respondents by male interviewers. • Kish method was used to select respondents 18 years and older within the randomly selected household. The right hand method was used to select every third household in localities selected through area probability sample. • The information in this report has been compiled in accordance with international standards for market and social -
China-Pakistan Economic Corridor
U A Z T m B PEACEWA RKS u E JI Bulunkouxiang Dushanbe[ K [ D K IS ar IS TA TURKMENISTAN ya T N A N Tashkurgan CHINA Khunjerab - - ( ) Ind Gilgit us Sazin R. Raikot aikot l Kabul 1 tro Mansehra 972 Line of Con Herat PeshawarPeshawar Haripur Havelian ( ) Burhan IslamabadIslamabad Rawalpindi AFGHANISTAN ( Gujrat ) Dera Ismail Khan Lahore Kandahar Faisalabad Zhob Qila Saifullah Quetta Multan Dera Ghazi INDIA Khan PAKISTAN . Bahawalpur New Delhi s R du Dera In Surab Allahyar Basima Shahadadkot Shikarpur Existing highway IRAN Nag Rango Khuzdar THESukkur CHINA-PAKISTANOngoing highway project Priority highway project Panjgur ECONOMIC CORRIDORShort-term project Medium and long-term project BARRIERS ANDOther highway IMPACT Hyderabad Gwadar Sonmiani International boundary Bay . R Karachi s Provincial boundary u d n Arif Rafiq I e nal status of Jammu and Kashmir has not been agreed upon Arabian by India and Pakistan. Boundaries Sea and names shown on this map do 0 150 Miles not imply ocial endorsement or 0 200 Kilometers acceptance on the part of the United States Institute of Peace. , ABOUT THE REPORT This report clarifies what the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor actually is, identifies potential barriers to its implementation, and assesses its likely economic, socio- political, and strategic implications. Based on interviews with federal and provincial government officials in Pakistan, subject-matter experts, a diverse spectrum of civil society activists, politicians, and business community leaders, the report is supported by the Asia Center at the United States Institute of Peace (USIP). ABOUT THE AUTHOR Arif Rafiq is president of Vizier Consulting, LLC, a political risk analysis company specializing in the Middle East and South Asia. -
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qwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyui opasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfgh jklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvb nmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwer tyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasProfiles of Political Personalities dfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzx cvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmq wertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuio pasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghj klzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbn mqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwerty uiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdf ghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxc vbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmrty uiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdf ghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxc 22 Table of Contents 1. Mutahidda Qaumi Movement 11 1.1 Haider Abbas Rizvi……………………………………………………………………………………….4 1.2 Farooq Sattar………………………………………………………………………………………………66 1.3 Altaf Hussain ………………………………………………………………………………………………8 1.4 Waseem Akhtar…………………………………………………………………………………………….10 1.5 Babar ghauri…………………………………………………………………………………………………1111 1.6 Mustafa Kamal……………………………………………………………………………………………….13 1.7 Dr. Ishrat ul Iad……………………………………………………………………………………………….15 2. Awami National Party………………………………………………………………………………………….17 2.1 Afrasiab Khattak………………………………………………………………………………………………17 2.2 Azam Khan Hoti……………………………………………………………………………………………….19 2.3 Asfand yaar Wali Khan………………………………………………………………………………………20 2.4 Haji Ghulam Ahmed Bilour………………………………………………………………………………..22 2.5 Bashir Ahmed Bilour ………………………………………………………………………………………24 2.6 Mian Iftikhar Hussain………………………………………………………………………………………25 2.7 Mohad Zahid Khan ………………………………………………………………………………………….27 2.8 Bushra Gohar………………………………………………………………………………………………….29 -
Political Instability and Lessons for Pakistan: Case Study of 2014 PTI Sit in Protests
Munich Personal RePEc Archive Political Instability and Lessons for Pakistan: Case Study of 2014 PTI Sit in Protests Javed, Rabbia and Mamoon, Dawood University of Management and Technology 7 January 2017 Online at https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/76086/ MPRA Paper No. 76086, posted 11 Jan 2017 07:29 UTC Political Instability and Lessons for Pakistan: Case Study of 2014 PTI Sit in/Protests Rabbia Javed University of Management and Technology and Dawood Mamoon University of Management and Technology Abstract: It’s a short allegory to present the case for the importance of Political stability in the economic progress of a country. The Arab spring protests were seen as strengthening democracy in the Arab world. Notwithstanding the surprise Arab spring brought in shape of further destabilizing Middle East, a similar environment of unrest and protests in a practicing democracy like Pakistan capture same dynamics of uncertainty that dampen economic destabilization. The paper briefly covers PTI’s sit in protests in year 2014 to make a case for how political instability stifled economic progress in Pakistan though momentarily. 1. Introduction: The political stability is condition for the nation building and in return it is a process compulsory for the development of a nation. In most of developing countries the governments are not stable. A new government comes into the power overnight; either through coup or army takes over. The new government introduces a new system of rules for the operation of business which cause frustration and anger among the people. Political instability now becomes a serious problem especially in developing countries. -
Pakistan-U.S. Relations
Order Code RL33498 Pakistan-U.S. Relations Updated March 27, 2008 K. Alan Kronstadt Specialist in South Asian Affairs Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division Pakistan-U.S. Relations Summary A stable, democratic, prosperous Pakistan is considered vital to U.S. interests. U.S. concerns regarding Pakistan include regional and global terrorism; Afghan stability; democratization and human rights protection; the ongoing Kashmir problem and Pakistan-India tensions; and economic development. A U.S.-Pakistan relationship marked by periods of both cooperation and discord was transformed by the September 2001 terrorist attacks on the United States and the ensuing enlistment of Pakistan as a key ally in U.S.-led counterterrorism efforts. Top U.S. officials regularly praise Pakistan for its ongoing cooperation, although doubts exist about Islamabad’s commitment to some core U.S. interests. Pakistan is identified as a base for terrorist groups and their supporters operating in Kashmir, India, and Afghanistan. Pakistan’s army has conducted unprecedented and largely ineffectual counterterrorism operations in the country’s western tribal areas, where Al Qaeda operatives and their allies are believed to enjoy “safehavens.” A separatist insurgency in the divided Kashmir region has been underway since 1989. India has long blamed Pakistan for the infiltration of Islamic militants into its Muslim-majority Jammu and Kashmir state, a charge Islamabad denies. The United States and India have received pledges from Islamabad that all “cross-border terrorism” would cease and that any terrorist facilities in Pakistani-controlled areas would be closed. The United States strongly encourages maintenance of a bilateral cease-fire and continued, substantive dialogue between Pakistan and India, which have fought three wars since 1947. -
Pakistan's Domestic Political Developments
Order Code RL32615 CRS Report for Congress Received through the CRS Web Pakistan’s Domestic Political Developments Updated September 19, 2005 name redacted Analyst in Asian Affairs Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division Congressional Research Service ˜ The Library of Congress Pakistan’s Domestic Political Developments Summary Pakistan is a strategically important country and home to one of the world’s largest Muslim populations. In October 1999, Pakistan’s Chief of Army Staff Gen. Pervez Musharraf replaced Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif in a bloodless coup. Following the military overthrow of an elected government, Islamabad faced considerable international opprobrium and was subjected to automatic coup-related U.S. sanctions. The September 2001 terrorist attacks on the United States and Musharraf’s ensuing withdrawal of support for the Afghan Taliban regime, however, had the effect of greatly reducing Pakistan’s international isolation. Congress temporarily removed restrictions, and large-scale U.S. aid to the country resumed, in late 2001. The United States views Pakistan as a vital ally in the international anti- terrorism coalition. The Bush Administration refrains from expressing any significant public criticisms of Pakistan’s internal political practices, while still asserting that the strengthening of civilian political institutions in Islamabad is “a requirement for the development of a stable, moderate Islamic state.” While top-tier U.S. emphases in the region after September 2001 remain combating religious extremism and ending illicit weapons proliferation, the United States expresses a strong interest in the improvement of Pakistan’s human rights situation, especially as regards the restoration and strengthening of democratic institutions. There is a debate among analysts over the exigency of this issue. -
List of Graduate Students 08
2008 FACULTY OF ARTS/ISLAMIC STUDIES/MANAGEMENT SCIENCES FACULTY OF SCIENCE / PHARMACY ARABIC FACULTY OF SCIENCE B.A.(HONS.) APPLIED CHEMISTRY MARIA MALIK B.Sc (H) MUHAMMAD RAMZAN MUHAMMAD ANWAR ADEEL SARWER / GHULAM SARWER MUHAMMAD ISHAQ MUHAMMAD ANWAR AFSHAN ISHAQUE RIAZ AHMED M. ISHAQUE AHMED AHSAN SAFDER ALI ALI FARAZ ARABIC SARFARAZ AHMAD KHAN AMMARAH MASOOD M.A.(FINAL) MASOOD HASAN FARJAD ALI ARSALAN ELAHI ABDUL REHMAN SHAN ELAHI HAFIZA SUMERA BUSHRA ABIDI M. HAMID KHAN SYED ZULFIQAR HADER ABIDI MUHAMMAD SHAKEEL FARAH MUNAWAR MUHAMMAD ASLAM MUHAMMAD MUNAWAR HUSSAIN MUHAMMAD YOUNAS HAFIZ MUHAMMAD KAWISH HAJI ALI ABDUL QAYYUM ANSARI SABA NOOR UZ ZAMAN HINA BATOOL NOOR UZ ZAMAN SYED MUJAHID ABBAS SANA ABDUL SHAKOOR HUMNA WAHID ABDUL SHAKOOR LASI SYED WAHID ALI SARA NASIM M. HABIB UDDIN SIDDIQUI XXX M. QAMAR UDDIN SIDDIQUI HUMERA SHARIF MAHEEN ILYAS SHARIF UDDIN MUHAMMAD ILYAS FAROOQUI BANEEN ABBAS MAIMOONA SAFDAR SHEIKH QAISER ABBAS SAFDAR ALI NOREEN MANSOOR TALAT JAMEEL AHMED MASOOD TALAT MEHWISH LATIF ABDUL LATIF MUDASSIR FAROOQ BENGALI FAROOQ AZAM MUHAMMAD FARHAN M.A.(FINAL) MUHAMMED RIZWAN JAHENGIR AHMED MUHAMMAD NAVEED AKBAR ALI AHMED MUHAMMAD AKBAR MUHAMMAD TUAHA AKHTER ABDUL KARIM AKHTER MUHAMMAD UMAIR HABIB BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION MUHAMMAD HABIB 1 / 86 2008 NAUSHIN MUBASHIR B.B.A.(HONS.) MUBASHIR AHMED AAMIR NIDA IQBAL ROSHAN ALI IQBAL HUSSAIN AHAD HUSSAIN NIDA NOOR SYED WAJAHAT HUSSAIN NOOR UL HAQUE AISHA RAZI HAIDER OVAIS AHMED ANSARI RAZI UDDIN HAIDER AQEEL AHMED ALI ASIM JAFRI SABAH TAHFOOR ALI ZAMIN SYED TAHFOOR UL ISLAM -
Pakistan April 2004
PAKISTAN COUNTRY REPORT April 2004 Country Information & Policy Unit IMMIGRATION & NATIONALITY DIRECTORATE HOME OFFICE, UNITED KINGDOM Pakistan April 2004 CONTENTS 1 Scope of Document 1.1 - 1.7 2 Geography 2.1 - 2.4 General 2.1 - 2.3 Languages 2.4 3 Economy 3.1 – 3.2 4 History 4.1 - 4.103 Pre 1993 4.1 - 4.6 1993-1997 4.7 - 4.16 1998-September 1999 4.17 - 4.22 October 1999 - December 2000 4.23 - 4.30 January 2001 - December 2002 4.31 - 4.44 January 2002 –December 2003 4.45 - 4.98 January 2004 – March 2004 4.99 – 4.103 5 State Structures 5.1 – 5.111 The Constitution 5.1 - 5.6 - Citizenship and Nationality 5.7 Political System 5.8 - 5.27 - Introduction 5.8- 5.14 - Main Political Parties Following the Coup 5.15 - 5.23 - Federal Legislature 5.24 - 5.25 - Elections October 2002 5.26 - 5.27 Judiciary 5.28 - 5.34 Legal Rights/Detention 5.35- 5.84 - Court System 5.35 - 5.37 - Anti-Terrorism Act and Courts 5.38 - 5.44 - Federal Administered Tribal Areas 5.45 -Tribal Justice System 5.46 - Sharia Law 5.47 - 5.49 - Hudood Ordinances 5.50 - 5.51 - Qisas and Diyat Ordinances 5.52 - 5.53 - Blasphemy Law 5.54 - 5.64 - Accountability Commission 5.65 - 5.68 - National Accountability Bureau (NAB) 5.69 - 5.75 - Arbitrary Arrest 5.76 - 5.78 - Death Penalty 5.79 - 5.84 Internal Security 5.85 – 5.97 - General 5.85 - 5.92 - Sindh 5.93 - 5.97 Prison and Prison Conditions 5.98 - 5.102 Military Service 5.103 Medical Services 5.104 – 5.108 Educational System 5.109 – 5.111 Pakistan April 2004 6 Human Rights 6.1- 6.242 6.A Human Rights Issues 6.1 – 6.146 Overview 6.1 -
Pakistan Political Unrest: in Brief
Pakistan Political Unrest: In Brief Updated September 3, 2014 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R43717 Pakistan Political Unrest: In Brief Summary Beginning on August 15, 2014, Pakistan’s struggle to establish a sustainable democratic system has met with a new reversal in the form of major anti-government street protests in the capital. Crowds led by opposition figures have demanded the resignation of democratically elected Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif. The prime minister regards such demands to be inconsistent with the Pakistani Constitution, and the consensus view in Islamabad appears to support parliamentary processes. The strident and rigid nature of the protestors’ demands, and their unwillingness to disperse from areas surrounding key government buildings has, however, created an impasse. After two weeks, the powerful Pakistan Army announced that it would act as “facilitator” in seeking resolution. This has led many analysts to anticipate a new round of military intervention in the country’s governance. While few assess that Sharif’s government now faces an imminent threat of ouster from office, many observers see the current unrest weakening Sharif and representing a setback to democratization in a country that has suffered three outright military coups in its 67 years of independence. To many analysts, it appears unlikely that Pakistan in the near future will alter any of its foreign or security policies of interest to the United States. However, the U.S. government has sought to help in fostering Pakistan’s democratic system, and that effort has been disrupted by the current unrest. The Pakistan Army’s more openly direct control of the country’s foreign and security policies may, over time, shift Pakistan’s approach toward Afghanistan further into a policy framework that seeks to counter Indian influence there. -
Pakistan Country Reports on Human Rights Practices
Pakistan Page 1 of 35 Pakistan Country Reports on Human Rights Practices - 2002 Released by the Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor March 31, 2003 Pakistan is a federal republic. From a bloodless coup in October 1999 to elections in October, Pakistan was governed by a Provisional Constitutional Order (PCO), which suspended the constitution and parliamentary government. On April 30, President Musharraf held a nationwide referendum to extend his presidency for 5 years, although critics and legal scholars argued that a president cannot be elected by referendum. President Musharraf claimed a 97.5 percent vote in favor of the extension; however, many independent observers cited evidence of systematic fraud and inflated voting figures. Shortly after the referendum, President Musharraf announced a controversial package of constitutional amendments, the Legislative Framework Order (LFO), which amended the suspended Constitution to allow: the President to dismiss the Prime Minister and dissolve the Parliament; the creation of a National Security Council (NSC) as a constitutional body; and the insertion of a number of qualification requirements for candidates for Parliament. One effect of the amendments was to concentrate executive power in the presidency at the expense of the legislature and prime minister. Opposition politicians, lawyers, civil society groups, and many in the international community expressed concern about the amendment package and its constitutional legitimacy. Under the auspices of the LFO-amended constitution, Pakistan held its first national and provincial assembly elections since the October 1999 coup. International observers, NGOs, and human rights activists, including the European Union election observation mission (EUEOM), alleged serious flaws in the national and provincial election framework; however, these observers stated that the election day itself was free of serious irregularities.