OUR CREED: To perpetuate the memory of our shipmates who gave their lives in the pursuit of duties while serving their country. That their dedication, deeds, and supreme sacrifice be a constant source of motivation toward greater accomplishments. Pledge loyalty and patriotism to the of America and its constitution.

UNITED STATES VETERANS INCORPORTATED PALMETTO BASE NEWSLETTER March 2014

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Lost Boats 3

Picture of the Month 19

Featured World War II Submarine Commanding Officer of the Month 20

CO’s Stateroom 27

XO’S Stateroom 28

Members 29

Honorary Members 29

Meeting Minutes 30

Old Business 31

New Business 31

Good of the Order 31

Base Contacts 32

Birthdays 32

Welcome 32

Binnacle List 32

Quote of the Month 32

Word of the Month 32

Member Profile of the Month 33

Traditions of the Naval Service 35

Dates in U.S. Naval History 36

U.S. Submarine History 41

Submarine Memorials 59

South East Region Convention 62

Monthly Calendar 64

Submarine Trivia 65

Advertising Partners 66

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USS Perch (SS-176)

Lost on March 3, 1942 near with no immediate loss of life, while on her 1st war patrol. She survived 2 severe depth chargings in less than 200 Lost on: feet of water by 3 Japanese . The crew abandoned ship and scuttled her. Of the 61 officers and men taken prisoner, 53 survived the war.

Navy Photo / NavSource.com NavSource.org

Class: SS 172 Commissioned: 11/19/1936 Launched: 3/9/1936 Builder: Electric Boat Co () Length: 301 , Beam: 25 #Officers: 5, #Enlisted: 45 Fate: Had to be scuttled on 3 Mar 42 because of Japanese anit-submarine attempts. Most of the Perch crew were taken to illegal question camp of Ofuna, NavSource.org and were forced to work mines until the close of WWII.

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Crew Listing

MM2 Charles Newton Brown, 18-Apr-45 Pharmacist Philip James Dewes, 25-Jul-45 EMC Houston Ernest Edwards, 10-Jul-44 MM1 Frank Elmer McCreary, 4-Jan-43 CMM Albert Kenneth Newsome, 6-Apr-45 FC1 Robert Archibald Wilson, 15-Jun-45

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USS Grampus (SS-207)

Lost on March 5, 1943 with the loss of 72 officers and men, on her 6th war Lost on: patrol. She was lost in Vella Gulf, sunk after engaging 2 Japanese Destroyers.

US Navy Official Photo NavSource.org

Class: SS 198 Commissioned: 5/23/1941 Launched: 12/23/1940 Builder: Navy Yard Length: 307 , Beam: 27 #Officers: 6, #Enlisted: 54 Fate: In company with USS Grayback, Grampus departed Brisbane, on her 6th war patrol from which she failed to

NavSource.org return, the manner of her loss still remains a mystery today. 71 men lost.

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Crew Listing

MoMM2 Louis Dixon Ball S1 William Jennings McClure EM2 John Basel SC1 Rayhugh George Michael TMC Walter Kent Wilson Bathgate MoMM1 George Willard Mitchell S2 Michael, Jr. Beley EMC Willard Moeller LT(jg) John Lewis Benton MoMM1 Joseph Henry Nash TM1 Neil Thomas Berresford LT Edward Roger O'Connor MoMM1 Vernon Joseph Biggy MoMM2 David Edward Olexa OS3 Curtheal Black PhMC James Wesley O'Neal TM3 Robert Joseph Bohler MoMMC Charles Woodrow Patrick RM3 Donald William Bowlby EM3 George Francis Phelps GM2 Friedrick Leopold Brunner YN1 Howard Cooper Pillsbury RMC Walter Allen, Jr. Bruns F2 Thomas Earl Poyner MM3 William Elmo Burdette GMC Lois Elmore Presley S1 Kenneth Leroy Chaffin TM3 Verl Monroe Purdom QM3 Thomas Robert Collins TM3 Leland Hayward Roberts EM1 Thomas Lewis Conley TM3 Chester Eugene Rudd S1 Eugene Field Corder MoMM1 Robert Vernon Sager MoMM2 Richard Ernest Corum LT Ivan John Sandell LCDR (CO) John Rich Craig LT (XO) Alvin Francis Sbisa F1 Robert Lee Dexter EM1 William Bernard Schmidt MoMM1 Jesse Hugh Dunnavant S1 Francis Donald Shafranski SC3 Orville Franklin, Jr. Fanning TM2 Marcus Waitus Shepard MA1 Donald Massey Fenner S1 Alvin Roger Tagesen SC3 Herminio Gonzales SM3 Alvin Westly Tevis MoMM1 Herbert Curtis Goodrum EM2 George Lewis Thomas RM1 Arthur Mac Griffith RM2 James Henry Thomas LT Robert Pollock, III Guiler TM1 Robert Theodore Thrasher S1 Wilbur Handy FC1 Millard Clark Townley LT Edward Paul, Jr. Haupt F2 Roger Vance Trego F2 Walter Charles Hendry MM1 Louis Elmer Tremmel S1 Hollis Earland Herrin EM2 Myron Peter Tuttle MM3 Michael Patrick Joyce EM2 Roy Vander Reyden MM1 Sam Kane TM1 Grant Albert Vedder SM1 Duane John Kilpatrick MoMM2 Wendell Maxwell Walters EM1 Harris Raymond Larson MoMM1 Norman Eugene Wilson GM3 Vernon Wade Law

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USS H-1 (SS-28)

Lost on March 12, 1920 with the loss of 4 men as they tried to swim to after grounding on a shoal off Santa Margarita Island, off the coast of Baja Lost on: , Mexico. Vestal (AR-4), pulled H-1 off the rocks in the morning of 24 March, only to have her sink 45 minutes later in some 50 feet of water. She was originally named the USS Seawolf before becoming H-1.

NavSource.org

US Navy Official Photo

Class: SS H Commissioned: 12/1/1913 Launched: 5/6/1913 Builder: Union Iron Works Length: 150 , Beam: 16 #Officers: 1, #Enlisted: 23 Fate: As H-1 made her way up the coast, the submarine went aground on a tricky shoal off Santa Margarita Island, CA. Four men, including the Commanding NavSource.org Officer, LCDR. James R. Webb, were killed as they tried to reach shore.

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Crew Listing

William Henry Delamain Joseph Kosman Harvey William Giles James Reid Webb (CO)

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USS Triton (SS-201)

Lost on March 15, 1943 with the loss of 74 men. She was sunk north of the Admiralty Islands during a fight with 3 Japanese Destroyers. Triton was the Lost on: 1st boat to engage the enemy in off , sinking 9 ships, 1 submarine and a .

US Navy Official Photo BC Patch

Class: SS 198 Commissioned: 8/15/1940 Launched: 3/25/1940 Builder: Portsmouth Navy Yard Length: 307 , Beam: 27 #Officers: 6, #Enlisted: 54 Fate: Triton was reported overdue and presumed lost with 74 men.

NavSource.org

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Crew Listing

F1 Ralph Edwin Aldrich, Jr. QMC Marsh Jones EM3 Thomas Edward, Jr. Ashton MoMM1 Alexander John Klekotka EMC William Edward Ballou MoMM1 Johnny Paul Klimosewski S1 Frank Kenneth Barnes MM3 Charles Wilfred Landers TMC Edward John Barton EM1 Walter Harvey Larkins MoMM3 Louis Dominick Basso F3 John Wylie Lawler F1 Raymond Booth MoMM2 Walter Ellsworth Lines FCC William Lewis Booth TM2 Percy Eugene Long EM2 Stephen S. Boyd LCDR (CO) George Kenneth Mackenzie, Jr. MoMM1 Werner Larry Bruderer S1 William Boyd, Jr. Martin MM3 Arlyn Bush MA1 Herman Thurmon McCalop SC2 Frederic Howard Christy S1 Kenneth George McClure S1 Virgil Clifford Clement TM1 Lloyd Charles McKenzie MoMM1 Henry Perry Coley RM2 Jack Meade S1 Jack Wendel Cooper S1 Russell Bedsworth Nixson CSC Clarence Cotton YN2 Russell Bender Olvey LT Jack Randolph Crutchfield LT(jg) Cornelius Dion O'Sullivan OC3 John Davis Dabney TM1 Roy Ottis Ottersen EM1 Leonard Dazzo Dotson RM3 Robert Eugene Page LT (XO) John Holbrook Eichmann LT(jg) Edward Schley Parks, Jr. S1 Joseph Fedorchak F2 Willie Lee Peeler EM3 Hoyt Sherlock Fields MoMM2 John Petrun TM2 Ray Daniel Fielitz RM1 Charles Francis Poyneer TM3 George Ford S1 Burnel Cassius Ross TM3 Donald Roger George TM1 Harry Roland Schlabecker PhM1 Bert Joe Grooms F2 Leonard Mark Schneider S1 Donald Eugene Hale MoMMC Edwin St. John Severance MoMMC Donovan Gilbert Hall F1 John Francis Shannon S1 Robert Leslie Harbold F1 Laurence Shepherd S1 Floyd Ray Harmon LT Vernon Frederick Sorensen TM1 Martin Lewis, Jr. Herstich EM1 Thomas Charles Thompson EM3 Lee Henry Hobbs EM2 Raymond Edward Trowbridge GM3 Jesse T. Hogg, Jr. LT(jg) Hugh Collett Van Roosen MoMM2 Clyde, Jr. Holland SM2 George Visnich MoMMC Donald Edmond William Holquist MoMM1 William Allen Ward RT1 Gilbert John, Jr. Howie QM2 Ferguson Burnett White F1 Lymon Leroy Isom MoMM2 Donald Edward Wycoff

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USS Kete (SS-369)

Lost on March 20, 1945 with the loss of 87 officers and men at the end of Lost on: her 2nd war patrol. Probably sunk near Okinawa, by a Japanese submarine that itself was subsequently lost.

US Navy Official Photo

NavSource.org

Class: SS 285 Commissioned: 7/31/1944 Launched: 4/9/1944 Builder: Manitowoc Shipbuilding Co Length: 312 , Beam: 27 #Officers: 10 , #Enlisted: 71 Fate: While steaming eastward, she sent in a weather report from a position south of Colnett Strait. Scheduled to arrive Midway by 31 March, she was

NavSource.org neither seen nor heard from again. 87 men lost.

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Crew Listing

EM1 LeRoy Albert Abts EM2 Richard Paul Kraut LCDR (CO) Edward Ackerman MoMM3 Jack Lee Lasiter LT(jg) John Clausel Adams, Jr. GM3 Frank, Jr. Litzenburger FC3 John David Apking BK1 Earl Logsdon MoMM3 Donald Lee Bergadine MoMM2 Billie Barton Lowery S1 Leonard Eugene Blodgett MoMM2 Charles Wesley Lynn, Jr. MoMMC Francis William Braniger S1 Glenn Raymond Malko QM2 Carl Brooks F1 Anthony Thomas Marsico LT(jg) William Henry Burnside, Jr. SMC Frank Martini F1 Perry Charles Callahan MoMM2 Bernard Eugene McLendon EM3 Bernard Cobrin S1 Grant Richard Messenger RM3 Hugh Mack Cole SC2 Samuel Arnold Moccabee EM2 Edward Cooper S1 Charleton L. Moore RM2 Robert William Crowley MoMM1 Henry Fredrick Morrison LT(jg) Charles Randolph Crutchfield, Jr. MoMM1 Archie Vernon Newton CK3 William Howard Dawson BMC Joseph Albert O'Brien F1 Frederick Robert Deininger EM3 Mark Angello O'Connor YN1 Harold William Derrah MoMM1 George Thomas Page CSC Helmut Otto Dietrich S1 Clair Junior Peterson StM1 Calvin Frederick Dortche MoMM2 Irving Victor Piper LT Donald Lincoln Drake MoMM2 Glenn Owen Price TM3 Willis Dul QM3 Donald Calvin Pushee S1 Manuel Lawrence Efferson S1 Robert Russell Racer S1 Donald Paul Egen LT Frederick Fay Reimers LT(jg) Douglas Grant Fenton GM1 Francis Albert Richards MoMMC Hugh French QM3 George Joseph Schemm MoMMC Ben Friesen MoMM2 Maxium Daniels Schenavar MoMM3 Robert Stephan Fuller EM1 Paul Francis Schumacher S1 John Francis Glynn, Jr. PhMC Oliver Harry Simpson S1 Fred Joseph Griswold EM2 James Irwin Snyder RT1 Joseph Henry Gunzinger LT (XO) Russell Henry Spikes EM3 Elmer Ellsworth Gwinn, Jr. MoMM1 Jacob Granville Starr, Jr. ENS Bernard Henry Haag RMC French Lee Thomas, Jr. S1 Robert Arthur Hart S1 Gordon Ray Thompson MoMM3 Glenn Edwin Hartbank GM3 Keith Thorn TM1 Paul O'Bryan Hayden TM2 Peter Charles VanDam Cox Earl Henderson F1 Salomon Hernandez Villalba TM2 James Lowell Hines EMC James Stanley Waggoner TMC James Russell Holshouser TM2 Russel Andrew Wallick RM3 Stanton Lee Hooper TM2 Floyd Stewart Walling EM2 Abraham Joseph Katz LT Joseph Allen Westphall EM3 Norbert William Kelly TM1 Gordon Weaver Wilson TM3 Elmer Neil Kensler RT2 Galen Irvin Woodward RM3 Walter Ernest Kotelman 12

USS F-4 (SS-23)

Lost on March 25, 1915 with the loss of 21 men. She foundered 1.5 miles off of Honolulu when acid corrosion of the lead lining of the battery tank Lost on: let seawater into the battery compartment, causing loss of control. She was raised in August 1915.

NavSource.org

US Navy Official Photo

Class: SS F Commissioned: 5/3/1913 Launched: 1/6/1912 Builder: Seattle Construction & Drydock Co Length: 143 , Beam: 15 #Officers: 1, #Enlisted: 21 Fate: The remains of F-4 were buried as fill

in a trench off the Submarine Base, ,HI.

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Crew Listing

George Thomas Ashcroft Francis Marion Hughson Clark George Buck Albert Florian Jenni Earnest Clement Cauvin Archie Hovis Lunger Harley Colwell Ivan Lenore Mahan Walter Frank Covington Horace Linken Moore George Luther Deeth William Severin Nelson Alfred Louis Ede Timothy Albert Parker Frederick Gillman Frank Charles Pierard Aliston Hills Grindle Charles H. Wells Frank Nephi Herzog Henry A. Withers Edwin Sylvester Hill

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USS Tullibee (SS-284)

Lost on March 26, 1944 with the loss of 79 officers and men, on her 4th war patrol. It's believed she was a victim of a circular run by one of her own Lost on: torpedoes. The lookout was the only survivor and he survived the war as a Japanese prisoner.

US Navy Official Photo

NavSource.org

Class: SS 212 Commissioned: 2/15/1943 Launched: 11/11/1942 Builder: Mare Island Navy Yard Length: 307 , Beam: 27 #Officers: 6, #Enlisted: 54 Fate: (Cont'd) About 2 minutes later, the submarine was rocked by a violent explosion. Apparently, one of Tullibee’s own torpedoes ran a circular course and

NavSource.org sank the submarine that had launched it. 79 men lost. 1 survived.

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Crew Listing

S1 Paul Ray Abnet MoMM1 Henry Francis Keating TM3 William Robert Anderson TM3 Theodore McCoy Keener, Jr. QM1 Don Trenton Arnold TM3 Laurence Elmer Kidwell QM2 John, Jr. Barcoozy RM2 Frederick Herman Kisman MoMM2 Russell Edward Beehler MoMM1 Clayton Lloyd Landon MoMM2 John Earl Betsill F1 Frank Lindsay SC2 Lionel Phillip Blanchard EM3 Carl Marvin Lovett CDR (CO) Charles Frederic Brindupke MoMM2 Donald Raymond Mann TM3 Melvin Louis Britt EM3 Ramsey Farley McConnell SM1 Albert Fremont Brocklesby EM3 Warren Glenn McDonald MoMM2 John Chris Brown MoMM1 Melvin LeRoy McFadden S2 Nugent Anthony Burasco RM2 John Joseph Moffitt ENS David Butler F1 Charles Joseph Muoio MoMM3 Frank Ciraldo F1 Eugene Ross Nicholas TM2 Joseph Peter Clay RT1 Allen Walter Nopper F1 George Kenneth Clifford EM1 Clifton Eugene Pattee TM3 Lomon Bruce Crane EM2 Matthew Stanley Pawlik EM2 Russell Harrison Crossman, Jr. LT(jg) Richard Hermal Petersen MoMM2 Hugh Waldo Deetz EM3 Fred B. Reger RM1 Charles Herman Degenhardt EM2 Carl Rehn GMC Thomas Morris Delaney MoMM1 Robert Hamlin Roby S2 Clifford Douglas ENS Powell Tilman Saterfield LCDR (XO) Greer Assheton, Jr. SSC Walter Leonard Schoenrock SC1 Edward Howard Dzik F1 Howard Donald Seibert St1 LeRoy Ellis F1 Albert Frances Smith LT(jg) William Arthur Evans EM1 Kirk Comstock Stearns S1 Edward Michel Farley, Jr. S2 Howard Lee Strachan TM2 William John Frank MoMMC Hugh Edwin Sullivan MoMM1 Clarence Silas Gage TM1 Arthur Alexander Symkiewicz S1 Donald Adair Graham PhM1 Henry Lafayette Thacker RT1 Raymond Alfred Grenier EMC George Oran Ticknor FC2 John Neil Grosz RM3 Stanley Trytko MoMM3 Marvin John Hall TM3 Paul Roland Vigeant F1 Charles Newton Heath, Jr. YN2 John Jay Wagner F1 Francis Milton Henkel SM3 George Clemont Wallis TM2 Carl James Hicks StM1 Ripley Washington, Jr. EM1 Louis Joseph Hieronimus TM3 Robert Joseph Wendt S1 William Edward Hoefler LCDR David Spencer Wilson LCDR Henry Taylor Irwin, Jr. FC3 Harold Judson Wiser MoMMC Wilmot Burgess Joder LT(jg) John Kenneth Wood

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USS Trigger (SS-237)

Lost on March 26, 1945 with the loss of 91 officers and men, on her 12th war patrol. She was lost during a combined attack by Japanese Lost on: antisubmarine vessels and aircraft. Trigger ranked 7th in total tonnage sunk and tied for 8th in number of ships sunk.

US Navy Official Photo

NavSource.org

Class: SS 237 Commissioned: 1/31/1942 Launched: 10/22/1941 Builder: Mare Island Navy Yard Length: 312 , Beam: 27 #Officers: 6, #Enlisted: 54 Fate: Postwar Japanese records showed a Japanese aircraft detected and bombed a submarine. Surface ships were then guided to the spot and

NavSource.org delivered an intensive depth charging. After two hours, a large oil slick appeared.

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Crew Listing FC3 Neal Anderson Absher RM2 Charles Grover Maben, Jr. S1 Ernest Aime Arsenault SM2 Arthur Leslie MacVane EM3 Dewey Green, Jr. Backer RM1 G. W. McDonough MoMM1 Robert Benton Ball TM3 Lawrence John McHugh, Jr. F1 James Vincent Barry MoMMC Robert Hamilton Melton EM3 Rudolph Charles Beranek LT(jg) Donald Eugene Misner MoMM1 John Benjamin Bird S1 Harold Parr Morgan TM3 Joseph Martin Boeding F1 Robert Crawford Morin SM2 Kenneth Wilmer Bolz S1 Robert William Murray S1 Harold Butts F1 Frank Leroy Niles F1 Vern Wesley Cain YN1 Donald Torfin Olson StM1 Andrew Jordan Carter SC1 Laddie Oster MoMM1 Hubert Coles TM2 Gordon Eugene Palmer CDR (CO) David Rickart Connole TM1 Lewis Roy Payne MoMM3 William Clyde Craig, Jr. EM1 Robert Charles Pollack F1 Balous Eugene Crutcher QM1 James Sherman Pross TM1 Perry Patrick Curry TM3 William Hatfield Rae MoMM3 Maurice Vincent DeLone, Jr. MoMM1 James Augustine Reed GM3 Claude Arthur Derrick LT(jg) Clayton John Roberts LCDR Robert Lee Dodane MoMM1 Cecil Calvin Robertson F1 Richard John Dorries RM2 Normand Noe Rondeau S1 William Edward Dow QM3 Carl Haydn Scheidegger FC2 James William Dunnam MoMM2 Clarence Edward Schenck BK2 John Paul Dusko LCDR John Eldon Shepherd, III S1 William LeRoy Emmons, Jr. LT John William Sincavich EM3 Richard Erman Engle S1 Donald Lee Smith EM3 Joseph Paul Fisher MoMM2 Daniel Robert Stakich EMC Harold Leroy Fiste EM1 John Norman Stewart TM3 Robert McClellan Foster S1 Marvin Nolan Stock MoMM3 Joseph Albert Franks GM3 George Stanley Targosz LT(jg) Howard Rogers Gleason CK2 Nathaniel Elton Thompson LT Robert Howard Greenwell EM2 Warren Charles Thompson MoMM2 Ralph Erskine Hambright, Jr. S1 Charles Gallesmore Thornberry MoMM3 George Tommie Hampton EM2 Harvey Joseph Turner RT2 Ray James Harrison SC3 Billy Joe Watson EM1 John Robert Householder TMC John Richard Weeks EM3 Vincent Thomas Iovino MoMM2 Charles Alfred Welch LT Charles Butler Irish, Jr. F1 Franklin Henry Widdekind RT2 Lester Arne Johanson GM1 Jack Therin Wildey LT(jg) Stanley Gottfried Johnson S1 Donald Louis Wilkens TM2 Richard Forest Johnston S1 Lenard Whitmer Wilkins EM2 Robert Michael Kelly MoMMC Charles Arthur Williams RT1 Rustislav Nicholas Kemarsky MoMM2 Charles Melvan, Jr. S1 Murray Kimmel PhMC William Michael Zugecic EM3 Karl Addison Livingston 18

Six U.S. Navy nested together, circa 1939-1941. Probably seen from Canopus (AS-9) in Bay, . The inboard submarine is not identified. The others are (from left to right): • Pike (SS-173) • Tarpon (SS-175) • Porpoise (SS-172) • Perch (SS-176) ; and • Permit (SS-178)

Source: http://www.navsource.org/archives/08/08250.htm

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Featured World War II Submarine Commanding Officer of the Month

Samuel David Dealey

Samuel David Dealey (September 13, 1906 – August 24, 1944) was a submarine commanding officer during World War II. He is one of the most decorated American serviceman for valor of the war, receiving the Medal of Honor, four Navy Crosses, Distinguished Service Cross (Army), and the Silver Star Medal for his service on the submarine USS Harder (SS- 257).

Early life and career Sam Dealey was born on September 13, 1906 in Dallas, Texas. He was appointed to the U.S. Naval Academy at Annapolis, Maryland, from Texas and graduated in June 1930. Dealey was commissioned an Ensign and reported for sea duty aboard USS Nevada (BB-36), where he was promoted in June 1933 to Lieutenant (junior grade). In March 1934, he briefly transferred to USS Rathburne (DD-113), then reported that summer for submarine training at the Submarine School, New London, . After graduating, he served on board the submarines USS S- 34 (SS-139) and USS S-24 (SS-129). Remaining on sea duty, he reported on board USS Nautilus (SS-168) then USS Bass (SS-164).

In May 1937, he was assigned as Aide to the Executive Officer at Naval Air Station, Pensacola, (NAS Pensacola). While there, in June 1938, he was promoted to Lieutenant. In Summer 1939, he was assigned as the executive officer (first officer) on board USS Reuben James (DD- 245). In April 1941, he reported to Experimental Division One for duty as the Prospective Commanding Officer (PCO) of USS S-20 (SS-125) to support at-sea experiments off New London. He commanded S-20 for two years, serving aboard at the United States' entry into World War II.

World War II However, when war broke out, Dealey's practical qualifications led to assignment as Commanding Officer of the new-construction Gato-class submarine USS Harder (SS-257), which he commissioned on December 2, 1942, not quite a year after Pearl Harbor. After a shakedown 20

off the East Coast, Dealey survived a "blue-on-blue" attack by a Navy patrol bomber in the to bring Harder to the Pacific in the spring of 1943.

First patrol Harder left Pearl Harbor on her first war patrol on June 7, 1943, bound for the coast of southern Honshu. In Dealey's first attack on a two-ship enemy late on the night of June 21, the submarine was driven down deep by an aggressive enemy escort and crashed into the muddy bottom - an inauspicious beginning, even though it now appears that one enemy target may have been damaged. Dealey backed the submarine out of the mud, and two nights later had his first real success in torpedoing the Japanese seaplane tender Sagara Maru (7,000 tons) and crippling the enemy ship so badly that it was beached on the Japanese mainland and abandoned as a total loss. Over the next four days, Dealey made seven attacks on three different enemy ship convoys, but post-war analysis credits him only with possible damage to one enemy ship.

Second patrol Harder returned to Midway Island on July 7, 1943 with one of its four diesel engines completely broken down. The submarine was one of twelve Gato s boats fitted originally with the troublesome Hooven-Owens-Rentschler (HOR) engines, whose original design was licensed from the German firm Maschinenfabrik Augsburg-Nürnberg (MAN) in the 1930s. After some hasty repairs and bearing a generous inventory of spare engine parts, Harder returned to sea for a second war patrol off Honshu in late August. In 14 days made nine attacks, which netted Dealey five enemy ships sunk for 15,000 tons in the postwar accounting. Once again, the submarine suffered engine problems throughout the patrol but returned safely to Pearl Harbor, via Midway, on October 7, 1943.

Third patrol At the end of October 1943, COMSUBPAC, Vice Charles A. Lockwood, ordered Harder , USS Snook (SS-279), and USS Pargo (SS-264) to the Marianas as a submarine to attack Japanese shipping in preparation for the invasion of Tarawa. At that stage of the war, "coordinated operations" among submarines were still hampered by poor communications. Thus, after collaborating with Pargo in attacking an enemy freighter on October 12 - with results never clearly established - and sinking a small enemy minesweeper with gunfire that night, Dealey was soon separated from the rest and operating independently. On November 19, he picked up an enemy convoy of three large Japanese freighters with accompanying escorts north of the Marianas and positioned for an attack, altogether firing ten torpedoes in his first attempt, scoring hits on two enemy targets. Driven below by the enemy escort ships, Dealey surfaced later that night to chase the enemy freighter that had managed to escape undamaged. Eventually firing 11 more torpedoes at the fugitive ship for two hits and four circular runs - then driven off by defensive gunfire from the tenacious Japanese gunners - Dealey broke off the engagement and returned to Pearl Harbor because of lack of torpedoes. Later, it was established all three enemy ships had sunk, the third - Nikko Maru - late that night, giving Dealey and Harder a total of 4 enemy ships sunk (over 15,000 tons) for their third war patrol. Once again, however, one of Harder's HOR engines had failed completely, and the other three engines were kept running only by cannibalizing the fourth engine. Thus, shortly after the

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submarine arrived in on November 30, Harder was sent back to Mare Island to be re- engined with diesel engines.

Fourth patrol Dealey brought Harder back to Pearl Harbor in late and took her out for her fourth war patrol on March 16, 1944, accompanied by USS Seahorse (SS-304). Initially assigned lifeguard duty for downed U.S. aviators in the western , Harder on April 1 was sent to rescue an injured navy on a small enemy-held island just west of Woleai, which had been hit that day by an American strike. Under an umbrella of friendly air cover, Dealey nosed Harder toward the beach until he could ground the bow up against the encircling reef and hold it there by working both screws. Then, in the face of Japanese sniper fire only partially suppressed by the circling aircraft, a rubber boat was sent in to retrieve the navy pilot, Ensign John Galvin, who was brought to safety in what soon became a legendary rescue. As Blair describes it: By the time Harder got to the reported position, the aviator, Ensign John R. Galvin, was already stranded high and dry on the beach. Dealey lay alongside a reef. Dealey's third officer, Samuel Moore Logan, and two volunteers jumped in the water with a rubber raft, secured to Harder by a line. They fought their way through the surf and coral to the island and picked up Ensign Galvin. As they were attempting to get back to Harder , a navy floatplane landed to help. It ran over the line and parted it. Another Harder volunteer jumped in the water and swam another line through the surf and coral to the beach. While navy planes circled overhead, Japanese snipers fired away from the foliage while the Harder's men pulled the raft and the five men aboard. The rescue was later hailed as one of the boldest on record.

Continuing his war patrol, Dealey next scored his first of four successes against the toughest target of all - an enemy Japanese destroyer. Spotted by an enemy aircraft north of the Western Carolines on April 13, 1944, Harder became the quarry of a patrolling enemy destroyer "Ikazuchi" , which closed to within 900 yd (820 m) before Dealey fired a spread of torpedoes. The destroyer sank within five minutes. Dealey's ensuing contact report quickly became famous: "Expended four torpedoes and sunk one Jap destroyer". Four days later, Dealey also sank Matsue Maru (7,000 tons) near Woleai - then surfaced again near the island on April 20 to bombard the beleaguered Japanese garrison with his submarine's 4 in (100 mm) . Harder ended its fourth war patrol at Fremantle, Australia, on May 3, 1944.

Fifth patrol - Medal of Honor action Next, Dealey was ordered to take Harder on patrol on May 26, 1944 off the Japanese fleet anchorage at Tawi Tawi. Dealey was asked to pick up some friendly guerrilla fighters from nearby northeastern . Heading into the on the night of June 6 he came upon an enemy convoy of three tankers in ballast, escorted by two destroyers. One destroyer detected him and attacked. Again, Dealey let the enemy destroyer close, to less than 1,100 yd (1,000 m)}, before firing three torpedoes, and Minatsuki became his second destroyer victim. Then Dealey pursued, executing an end around. Diving to radar depth, he was attacked by the second destroyer. He fired all six bow tubes from just 1,200 yd (1,100 m); all missed, and Harder plunged accidentally to 400 ft (120 m), losing contact. At 11.43 on 7 June, Dealey encountered another destroyer, Hayanami , south of Tawi Tawi, and attacked with three torpedoes from point blank range, 650 yd (590 m); all three hit. Hayanami blew up virtually overhead, and one of her sisters subjected Harder to a two-hour attack. By 17.30, 22

there were eight hunting him. Dealey slipped away. Harder transited the Sibutu Passage to pick up the guerrilla force on the night of June 8/9 and headed back early the next day.

In the narrowest part of the Passage, Dealey spotted what appeared to be two more patrolling Japanese destroyers and made an undetected approach. Firing four torpedoes at the overlapping targets, he was rewarded with two hits in Tanikaze , which sank almost immediately. Dealey thought he had scored a hit and sunk another destroyer also, but (notoriously inaccurate) postwar records failed to confirm it. On June 10, 1944, Dealey sighted a large Japanese task force: three , four , and their screening destroyers, but the submarine was spotted by an enemy airplane, and one of the enemy escorts pressed an attack on the sub. Dealey sent three torpedoes "down the throat," heard several explosions, and thought he had scored another kill, before diving to avoid two hours of relentless depth- charging. Postwar, Japanese records later showed the destroyer was able to avoid his torpedoes. Dealey returned to Darwin on June 21 after an outstanding patrol that firmly established his reputation as the "Destroyer Killer," with what was then thought to be a total of six to his credit. Of greater strategic importance was the ensuing decision by Japanese Admiral to abandon Tawi Tawi anchorage as too exposed to enemy submarines, a sortie that then precipitated in the Battle of the .

In a curious incident that still raises eyebrows today, Rear Admiral Ralph Waldo Christie, who commanded U.S. submarines at Fremantle, ordered Harder back to sea on the day she arrived, ostensibly to seek out and attack a Japanese that carried nickel ore from Celebes to the homeland once a month - but also to give Christie an opportunity to participate personally in a short war patrol. Assigned on June 27, 1944 to intercept a damaged Japanese returning from the Battle of the Philippine Sea, Dealey was unable to close for an attack and was similarly outmaneuvered by the "nickel ship" three days later, when Japanese patrol aircraft forced him down and kept him there. Harder returned to Darwin without further incident on July 3, and the whole episode was treated simply as an extension of the ship's fifth patrol.

During their time together, however, Admiral Christie took Dealey aside and noted his opinion that after five successful war patrols, it was time for Dealey to relinquish command to his executive officer, Tiny Lynch, and move on to other duty. Dealey demurred. With about a third of Harder 's crew about to be replaced (following the Navy's standard crew rotation policy), he felt a personal responsibility to break in the new men before turning the boat over to a fledgling Commanding Officer. Ultimately, Christie agreed Dealey could take Harder out for one more patrol, her sixth.

Sixth patrol After a two-week rest at "Bend of the Elbow", Dealey considered himself sufficiently rested. Lynch, who would have gotten Harder , disagreed. Dealey left Fremantle on August 5, 1944, commanding a three-sub wolfpack, joined by USS Haddo (SS-255) (Chester Nimitz, Jr.) and USS Hake (SS-256) (Frank E. Haylor, who replaced John Broach). Their objective was the destruction of Japanese shipping off the west coast of the Philippines, south of the Strait. After being informed (thanks to a contact report from William Kinsella's Ray , himself guided by Ultra) Japanese convoy HI-71 holed up in Paluan Bay in northern , Harder and Haddo 23

joined three other U.S. submarines ( Guitarro , Raton , and Kinsella's Ray , with only four torpedoes remaining), all under Dealey's command (as senior officer present afloat). When the enemy convoy sortied at 05.45 on August 21, the resulting mêlée - punctuated by intense depth charge barrages by the Japanese - left four enemy merchantmens totaling 22,400 tons on the bottom, with all five U.S. submarines unscathed. Of the four victims, two were credited to Haddo , and one to Guitarro , while Dealey failed to score, after Kinsella's attack (the informal pack's first) caused the convoy to steer away from Harder .

Dealey and Nimitz then moved northward to Manila Bay, arriving that same evening, and shortly after midnight picked up three small targets on radar. These were three 900-ton enemy , late of HI-71. Co-ordinating with Nimitz, at around 04.00, Dealey fired bow tubes, hitting Matsuwa and Hiburi ; Haddo scored hits in Sado . At first light, Dealey finished off Matsuwa and Nimitz Sado ; when Nimitz missed Hiburi , Dealey finished her off. The two submarines then moved northward along Luzon to rendezvous with Hake , but on the morning of 23 August, Nimitz expended his last torpedoes in sinking the destroyer Asakaze . Believing Asakaze had only been crippled and towed into Bay, south of Lingayan, Harder and Hake lay in wait outside.

At 05.54 on August 24, 1944, two ships emerged from Dasol Bay - an enemy minesweeper and the old Thai destroyer Phra Ruang . Hake maneuvered to attack the destroyer, but became suspicious and broke off when the destoyer turned back into the bay. Meanwhile, the Japanese minesweeper continued out, pinging continually, and Hake moved off to evade. Haylor caught a last glimpse of Harder 's periscope at 0647. At 0728, Haylor heard a string of 15 depth charge explosions in the distance; then nothing.

Remaining in the area all day, Haylor surfaced after dark, at 20.10, and tried to contact Dealey, with no success. Over the next two weeks, Haylor continued his search, but no sign of Dealey or Harder materialized. On September 10, Nimitz returned after refuelling and reloading, confirming Dealey had not returned, as Haylor hoped. It became apparent the enemy minesweeper had been successful on August 24 in ending their extraordinary run. Indeed, after the war, Japanese records showed an antisubmarine attack that morning off Caiman Point had resulted in oil, wood chips, and cork floating in the vicinity. Dealey's death produced waves of "profound shock" and grief through the entire Submarine Force.

Dealey's loss is still blamed on fatigue by some, such as Lynch. It widened the gulf between Christie and Lockwood. In addition, Christie's attempt to nominate Dealey for a second Medal of Honor was thwarted by Admiral Thomas C. Kinkaid, who argued the award of an Army Distinguished Service Cross for the patrol precluded any Navy decoration. Dealey did eventually get the Medal, only the fourth submariner so honored.

In the final analysis, Dealey had sunk 16 enemy ships, with total tonnage of 54,002 tons (according to the postwar accounting - enough to make him number five among U.S. submarine skippers in World War II.

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Medal of Honor citation Rank and organization: Commander, U.S. Navy. Born: September 13, 1906, Dallas, Tex. Appointed from: Texas. Other Navy awards: Navy Cross with 3 Gold 5/16 Inch Stars, Silver Star Medal.

Citation : For conspicuous gallantry and intrepidity at the risk of his life above and beyond the call of duty as Commanding Officer of the U.S.S. Harder during her 5th War Patrol in Japanese-controlled waters. Floodlit by a bright moon and disclosed to an enemy which bore down with intent to attack, Comdr. Dealey quickly dived to periscope depth and waited for the pursuer to close range, then opened fire, sending the target and all aboard down in flames with his third . Plunging deep to avoid fierce depth charges, he again surfaced and, within 9 minutes after sighting another destroyer, had sent the enemy down tail first with a hit directly amidship. Evading detection, he penetrated the confined waters off Tawi Tawi with the Japanese Fleet base 6 miles away and scored death blows on 2 patrolling destroyers in quick succession. With his ship heeled over by concussion from the first exploding target and the second vessel nose-diving in a blinding detonation, he cleared the area at high speed. Sighted by a large hostile fleet force on the following day, he swung his bow toward the lead destroyer for another "down-the-throat" shot, fired 3 bow tubes and promptly crash-dived to be terrifically rocked seconds later by the exploding ship as the Harder passed beneath. This remarkable record of 5 vital Japanese destroyers sunk in 5 short-range torpedo attacks attests the valiant fighting spirit of Comdr. Dealey and his indomitable command.

Medal of Honor Controversy Perhaps smarting from his decision to allow Dealey to undertake a sixth war patrol at a time when several colleagues thought he was tired and overly fatigued, RADM Christie nominated Dealey for a posthumous Medal of Honor immediately after the loss was reported. This action became mired in a controversy that stemmed from an earlier decision by General Douglas MacArthur to award the Army Distinguished Service Cross to Dealey for his prior accomplishments in the theater. RADM Christie's proposed nomination was opposed at the time by VADM Thomas Kinkaid, COMSEVENTHFLT and MacArthur's naval commander, and he disapproved Dealey for the Medal of Honor on the grounds that he had already been honored adequately. This dispute was one of several that led to growing personal animosity between Christie and Kinkaid, culminating eventually in Kinkaid's relieving Christie in December 1944. Only when Christie left Kinkaid's command and returned to Washington was he able to push his case for Dealey's Medal of Honor - with General MacArthur's support - and it was awarded posthumously to Dealey's wife, Edwina, in 1945.

Decorations and awards In addition to his Medal of Honor, his other awards include the Navy Cross (with three gold stars), the Distinguished Service Cross (Army award, was presented by General Douglas MacArthur), Silver Star, and the Purple Heart. While under his command the USS Harder (SS- 257) was awarded the Presidential Unit Citation for its performance in combat.

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Posthumous Honors Commander Dealey was awarded the Silver Star Medal posthumously for gallantry in action during Harder's sixth war patrol.

In 1953, USS Dealey (DE-1006) was named in his honor; she was the lead ship of her class of destroyer escort.

There is a plaque in Dealey's honor in the Science Place in Fair Park, Dallas, Texas. Dealey was nephew to George B. Dealey, the namesake of Dealey Plaza, Dallas, Texas.

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Good Evening Gentlemen,

We have the honor of representing the US Naval Submarine Service with each and every activity we have, when our vests are worn and hats and different memorabilia, the public sees us and asks that question, what is that all about? Children and adults alike are inquisitive and knowledge seeking. By wearing our vests and talking about what we did, we further our memory, and enhance the USSVI Creed.

To that end this weekend we will be at the Gun Show at the Jamil Temple, for a fund raiser to go into the general fund for the base. Again a good time is had, just talking and meeting other service members. Ted Schneeberg is heading that up so contact him if can be there, the times are Saturday morning, Saturday afternoon, Sunday morning or Sunday afternoon.

Our next activity is the Massing of the Colors, held at the Scottish Rite Center on Garners Ferry Rd. This year it is April 6, Sunday, at 1500. We need two people to present our colors and a few members for support. I encourage and request your participation in one of these events.

During a recent funeral the Charleston Base Flag detail provided service to Brother Ken’s family in the folding of the flag. We need a minimum of eight (8) people to learn the proper procedures etc., eight, in the event someone is sick or cannot attend. Charleston has gained national attention with the funeral services provided by the base, it is truly impressive. The family is presented the Eternal Patrol Certificate, a Forever Qualified Dolphin shadow box and a service fitting of military decorum. Anyone interested please contact me or any of the officers for the Base.

March is our election, if the base requests I will run for reelection, I leave it up to the body of the base, it is YOUR base!!!

If anyone has concerns or problems call, email, whatever, you WILL get assistance. Have a great evening, see you on March 18.

Brian Commander Palmetto Base

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Brothers of the Fin,

We are off to a good start this year with adding new members to our ranks. Hopefully with the winter months behind us we can get started on working of the new float so we will be ready for the parade season that will be here before you know it. We had some conversations about moving forward at our February meeting (which is a good start) and it looks like we are about to move forward with the changing of the weather.

March 2 nd marked another graduation of sailors at Task Force Marshall and that is one area that we need to show our support a little more. There seems to be the same 4 or so people that show up at each graduation. Granted, the graduations are now being held out at Camp Grady (which is a pretty good ways out past I-77), but these are our sailors going out in harm’s way. At each graduation, we always run into a couple of brothers of the fin and they always enjoy seeing one of their brothers to see them off.

It is time to look for nominations for the upcoming elections of officers. If you would like to nominate someone, please check with them first to verify that they are willing to serve…. Or you can also step up to the plate and volunteer yourself and nominate yourself for an office. Please send in your nominations to me (contact information is listed below) after you have verified that the individual is willing to serve.

With the start of the new year, let us see if we can increase all of our participation in: • Kap(SS) for Kid(SS) and Kamp Kemo • the various parades that we participate in • getting the new float ready for the various parades that we participate in • more representation at Task Force Marshall Graduations • Honor Flight Return Welcoming • any other activities that come up other than taking part in our monthly meetings.

Remember to continue to keep Ken and Fernando and their families in your prayers.

Thank you and looking forward to an active 2014.

May your number of surfaces always equal your number of dives.

Here is my contact information: Thomas E. Paige 522 Oxford Court Lexington, SC 29072 (H) 803-808-1801 (C) 803-413-7437 [email protected]

Thank You and Take Care, Thomas E Paige 28

Brian Steffen Vice CDR : Tom Paige Jr. Vice CDR : Randy Browning Secretary : George “Scram” Kokolis Treasurer : J. P. Watson Chief of the Boat : Jim “Snake” Stark Chaplain : Bob Miller Bereavement Chair : Randy Browning Committee Chair : Tom O’Brien Events Chair : Allen “Buzz” Danielson Fund Raising Chair : Ted R. Schneeberg Kap(SS) 4 Kid(SS) Chair : Don Van Borsch Newsletter Editor : Randy Browning Ship’s Photographer : Jim Null Storekeeper : Mark Morgan Webmaster : Mark Basnight

Milt Berkey Michael Hoadley John Nesbitt James L. Charbonneau John Jeffries Larry Peay Tracy R. Charbonneau James N. Kirby Tommy Richardson D. W. Eggleston Arnold Kirk James P. Scott Ronald Friend Donald Kline Leonard M. Snell Julian Galloway John J. Krause John Solis Joseph E. Gawronski Harold R. Lane L. E. Spradlin Joseph L. Geiger Charles Mink Jerry Stout Glenn E. Harris Robert Molcan Thomas N. Thompson William Hicks Davie Morningstar Jeffro M. Wagner Stoney Hilton David Nates Robin White

Judy Cline Charlie MacKenzie

Medal of Honor Recipient, Holland Club, Plankowner, Past District Commander, Past Base Commander, Past Vice Commander, Past Junior Vice Commander, Past Secretary, Past Treasurer, Past Chaplain, Palmetto Base Hall of Fame, Palmetto Silver Star Award

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Milt Berkey Tom Paige D. W. Eggleston Al Sabatino Joseph E. Gawronski Dian Sabe Michael Hoadley Ted R. Schneeberg George “Scram” Kokolis John Solis John J. Krause Jim “Snake” Stark Terry Mathis Brian Steffen Bob Miller Savannah Steffen Charles Mink Thomas N. Thompson Robert Molcan Jeffro M. Wagner Mark Morgan J. P. Watson Davie Morningstar Robin White Jim Null

• Call to Order : 1900 hours by the Base Commander. • Invocation : Base Chaplain. • Pledge of Allegiance: Base Commander. • The Tolling of the Boats : COB and Chaplain. • Member Introduction : 20 members and 6 guests were present. • Base Secretary’s Report : Approved as published online. • Treasurer’s Report : $5,696.00 (Kap(SS) 4 Kid(SS) $3,800.00, Float Fund $1,442.00, Operating Fund $571.00) was accepted and approved. • Motion made to pay Mark Basnight for keeping the website going ($100ish), motion carried

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• Gun show is coming up, don't park illegally, need volunteers • DW is doing well after surgery, he misses his daily 5 mile runs • April 22 is the Massing of the Colors. Motion made to participate in the Massing of the Colors, motion carried • COB needs someone to get our flags from him for the Massing of the Colors • There is a lady that is raising funds for a Thresher reunion/memorial, coins and a raffle jacket are available, Base Commander has more info • Base Commander reminds us that we must be vigilant when it comes to internet scams

• Treasurer has looked into a Base safe deposit box, recommends one that costs $70 per year and can hold all our stuff, there are some key and access issues though • White Knoll High School will have its submarine talk in April • Vice Commander is continuing with the K4K fundraising on March 23rd at his office • The Celebrate Freedom group in Columbia has invited us to join their float at Finlay Park on April 21st • Base Commander reminds us not to wear our USSVI gear if we participate in political events

• None

Meeting adjourned

Benediction : Base Chaplain

Depth Charge : Winner not known

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Commander : Brian Steffen (803) 897-2480 [email protected] Vice CDR : Tom Paige (803) 808-1801 [email protected] Jr. Vice CDR. : Randy Browning (803) 808-7065 [email protected] Secretary : George Kokolis (803) 460-5882 [email protected] Treasurer : J. P. Watson (803) 361-4193 [email protected] COB : Jim Stark (803) 957-7153 [email protected] Chaplain : Bob Miller (803) 603-0538 [email protected] Bereavement : Randy Browning (803) 808-7065 [email protected] Newsletter : Randy Browning (803) 808-7065 [email protected] Storekeeper : Mark Morgan (803) 356-4529 [email protected]

Allen “Buzz” Danielson – March 1 8th None Randy Browning – March 21st Michael Hoadley – March 28th

Bob Miller Bob Miller’s daughter Evelyn Fuhr Julian Galloway

“We do not have to visit a madhouse to find disordered minds; our planet is the mental institution of the universe. ” Johann Wolfgang von Goethe

Moiety \ MOI-i-tee \ , noun;

1. a half. 2. an indefinite portion, part, or share. 3. Anthropology . one of two units into which a tribe or community is divided on the basis of unilineal descent.

Origin: Moiety comes from Old French meitiet , from Late Latin medietas , from Latin medius , "middle."

Source: http://dictionary.reference.com/wordoftheday

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RM2(SS) Milton R. Berkey

Milt enlisted in the Navy in 1959 and left naval service in 1968 as a Radioman Second Class with 9 years of service.

Milt qualified in USS Corsair (SS/AGSS 435) and also served in USS Cubera (SS 347) and USS Lewis and Clark (SSBN 644).

USS Corsair (SS/AGSS 435) 33

USS Corsair (SS 435), a Tench -class submarine, was the second ship of the United States Navy to be named for the California rockfish, or a pirate or , especially Turkish or Saracen.

Her keel was laid down by the Electric Boat Company in Groton, Connecticut. She was launched on 3 May 1946 sponsored by Mrs. O. M. Hustvedt, commissioned on 8 November 1946 with Commander A. S. Fuhrman in command, and reported to the Atlantic Fleet.

Following a shakedown cruise in which she visited , Panama, Trinidad, and Rio de Janeiro, Corsair was assigned to Submarine Squadron 8 and operated out of New London, Connecticut, on type training and provided services to ships of other types until June 1947 when she entered the Electric Boat Company yard for the installation of a new type of sound gear. On 31 July 1947 she sank the old minesweeper Chewink in a torpedo experiment.

From 15 November 1947 Corsair provided services to the Submarine School at New London, cruising to the several times, until April 1949 when she was assigned to Submarine Development Group 2. She sailed from New London 18 July with the rest of her group on a cruise which took them to Northern Ireland, Portsmouth in the , and Arctic waters. One of her group, Cochino (SS-345), was lost 26 August from a battery explosion and fire but all save seven of her crew were rescued by Tusk (SS-426) exhibiting brilliant seamanship in the midst of a violent Arctic storm. The group raced through the storm to land two of the crew at Saint John, New Brunswick, for emergency medical care. Corsair returned to New London on 15 September to continue local operations with the development group. Their duties included providing services to the sound laboratory at Portsmouth, and participating in large-scale submarine exercises, including another in northern waters from 27 October to 24 November 1952 during which they visited Reykjavík, Iceland.

Corsair was detached from the development group, in March 1954, and went into a "reduced complement" status. Continuing to operate out of New London, she provided services to the Submarine School; Commander, Destroyers, Atlantic; and Commander, Air, Atlantic. She also conducted reserve training cruises, participated in Caribbean exercises, and operated with the Fleet Training Group at Guantanamo Bay Naval Base, . In the summer of 1959, she joined in Operation "Inland Seas," passing through the St. Lawrence Seaway to join in ceremonies dedicating the new waterway and to visit Great Lakes ports. She returned to operations from New London.

Corsair was decommissioned on 1 February 1963 and scrapped later that year.

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The ratings of today are an outgrowth of World War II, but they did have an earlier counterpart. The twelfth Public Works Regiment was organized in December 1917 from a number of public work companies engaged in construction and maintenance of 10 separate camps at Great Lakes Naval Training Center. The 12th Regiment trained several hundred men for construction duties in during World War I, but the regiment was disbanded after the war.

The concept of assembling construction forces with skilled enlisted men was rekindled under the name of Construction Battalion when Rear Admiral Norman Smith became Chief, Bureau of Yards and Docks in 1933. The term Construction Battalion was used in the mid-30s when it was written into war plans. However, the U.S. Navy established the World War II date of 5 March 1942 as official for the founding of the , and in 1967 the Seabees celebrated their silver (25th) anniversary. It was not until the post-World War II rating structure went into effect that Seabee ratings were identified by their own specialty marks and names. For example, the Water Tender (CB) (WTCB) was the identification used for the Utilitiesman (UT) rating until after World War II.

Source: http://www.history.navy.mil/faqs/faq78-1.htm#anchor96513

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March 1 1942 - U-656 becomes the first German submarine of World War II to be sunk by Naval air (VP-82). 1954 - 1st of 6 detonations, Operation Castle nuclear test. March 2 1859 - Launch of Saginaw at Mare Island, first Navy ship built on West Coast of U.S. 1867 - Birthday of . 1899 - Act of Congress creates the rank Admiral of the Navy for George Dewey. 1973 - Women begin pilot training to U.S. Navy. March 3 1776 - First amphibious landing operation. Continental naval squadron under Commodore Esek Hopkins lands Sailors and Marines, commanded by Captain Samuel Nicholas, on New Providence Island in the Bahamas, capturing urgently-needed ordnance and gunpowder. 1871 - Navy Medical Corps established 1883 - Congress authorizes 4 modern ships of steel, "A,B,C, D Ships"; three cruisers, Atlanta, Boston and Chicago, and dispatch boat Dolphin 1915 - Office of Chief of Naval Operations (CNO) established 1915 - Congress creates Federal Naval Reserve. Under it Naval Reserve Force built up 1960 – USS Sargo return to Hawaii from arctic cruise of 11,000 miles, 6,003 miles under the polar ice March 4 1911 - Appropriation of first funds for experiments in . 1925 - Congress authorizes restoration of USS Constitution. 1947 - Operation Highjump, air operations in Antarctica, ends. 1963 - Navy aircraft completes 12-day rescue operation of critically ill Danish seaman from Danish freighter off the coast of Antarctic. March 5 1942 - Name "Seabees" and insignia officially authorized 1943 - USS Bogue begins first anti-submarine operations by escort carrier. 1960 - USS Newport News (CA-148) and personnel from Port Lyautey complete emergency relief operations at Agadir, Morocco after earthquake on 29 February. March 6 1822 - USS Enterprise captures four pirate ships in Gulf of Mexico 36

1862 - USS Monitor departed for , VA 1942 - U.S. Cruisers and destroyers bombard Vila and Munda, , sinking 2 Japanese destroyers March 7 1958 - Commissioning of USS Grayback, first submarine built from keel up with guided missile capability, to fire Regulus II missile. 1960 – USS Kearsarge (CVS-33) rescues 4 Russian soldiers from their 1,000 miles from Midway Island, which was drifting several weeks after their engine failed off Kamchatka Peninsula. 1966 - Department of Navy reorganized into present structure under CNO 1967 - PBRs assists Operation Overload II in Rung Sat Zone, Vietnam 1968 - Operation Coronado XII begins in Mekong Delta, Vietnam 1994 - Navy issues first orders to women assigned aboard combat ship, USS Eisenhower March 8 1854 - Commodore Matthew Perry opens treaty negotiations with Japan 1862 - Ironclad ram CSS Virginia destroys USS Cumberland and Congress 1945 - Phyllis Daley becomes first African-American Ensign, Navy Nurse Corps 1958 - USS Wisconsin (BB-64) is decommissioned, leaving the Navy without an active battleship for the first time since 1895. 1965 - Seventh Fleet lands first major Marine units in South Vietnam at Danang March 9 1798 - Appointment of first surgeon U.S. Navy, George Balfour 1847 - Commodore David Connor leads successful amphibious assault near Vera Cruz, Mexico 1862 - First battle between ironclads, USS Monitor and CSS Virginia 1914 - Test of wind tunnel at Washington Navy Yard March 10 1783 - USS Alliance (CAPT John Barry) defeats HMS Sybil in final naval action of Revolution in waters 1933 - Pacific Fleet provides assistance after earthquake at Long Beach, CA 1945 - Navy and civilian nurses interned at Los Banos, Philippines flown back to U.S. Navy nurses awarded Bronze Star. 1948 - First use of jets assigned to operational squadron (VF-5A) on board a carrier (Boxer) March 11 1935 - Birth of Naval Security Group when OP-20G became the Communications Security Group 1941 - Franklin D. Roosevelt signs Lend-Lease Act 1942 - In a PT boat, LCDR John Bulkeley leaves the Philippines to take General Douglas MacArthur to Australia 1945 - Use of first Navy landing craft to cross Rhine River at Bad Neuenahr 1965 - Market Time patrols begin off South Vietnam coast March 12 1917 - All American merchant ships to be armed in war zones 1942 - President Franklin D. Roosevelt designates Admiral Ernest J. King to serve as the Chief of Naval Operations, as well as the Commander-in-Chief, United States Fleet to which he was appointed on 30 December 1941. 1956 - In first overseas deployment of Navy missile squadron, VA-83 left on USS Intrepid

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March 13 1895 - Award of first submarine building contract to John P. Holland Torpedo Boat Co. 1917 - Armed merchant ships authorized to take action against U-boats. 1959 - Naval Research Laboratory takes first ultraviolet pictures of sun. 1963 - USS Albany (CG-10) and aircraft from Navy Airborne Early Warning Squadron Four from Roosevelt Roads, aid five ill crewmembers of Norwegian freighter Jotunfjell. March 14 1863 - RADM Farragut's squadron of 7 ships forces way up Mississippi River to support Union troops at Vicksburg and Baton Rouge 1929 - NAS Pensacola aircraft make 113 flights for flood rescue and relief March 15 1943 - Numbered fleet system established 1947 - Ensign John W. Lee becomes first African American officer commissioned in regular Navy. He was assigned to USS Kearsage. 1957 - Airship ZPG-2 lands NAS after 11 day non-stop flight across the Atlantic 1966 - Establishment of River Squadron Five in Vietnam March 16 1911 - Hulk of USS Maine sunk at sea in deep water with full military honors. 1945 - Iwo Jima declared secure. 1966 - Launch of Gemini 8. Former naval aviator Neil Armstrong flew on this mission which completed 7 orbits in 10 hours and 41 minutes at an altitude of 161.3 nautical miles. Recovery was by USS Leonard F. Mason (DD-852). March 17 1898 - USS Holland, first practical submarine, launched 1942 - United States Naval Forces established to plan joint operations with British 1958 - Navy Vanguard rocket launches 3.25 pound sphere from Cape Canaveral 1959 - USS Skate (SSN-578) surfaces at North Pole March 18 1945 - Carriers begin 3 month Okinawa Campaign by destroying aircraft on Kyushu, Japan 1974 - Navy sent to sweep mines from Suez Canal March 19 1898 - USS Oregon departs for 14,000 mile trip around South America to join U.S. Squadron off Cuba 1917 - Navy Department authorizes enrollment of women in Naval Reserve with ratings of Yeoman, Radio Electrician, or other essential ratings. 1942 - SecNav gave Civil Engineering Corps command of Seabees 2003 - Operation Iraqi Freedom begins with Tomahawk strikes from Navy ships and submarines. March 20 1833 - CDR Geisinger of negotiates first commercial treaty with King of Siam 1922 - USS Jupiter recommissioned as Langley, Navy's first aircraft carrier 1939 - Naval Research Lab recommends financing research program to obtain power from uranium. 2003 - U.S. began Operation Iraqi Freedom by launching cruise missiles from Navy ships in the Red Sea and .

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March 21 1917 - Loretta Walsh becomes first woman Navy petty officer when sworn in as Chief Yeoman. 1919 - Navy installs and tests Sperry gyrocompass, in first instance of test of aircraft gyrocompass 1945 - Bureau of Aeronautics initiates rocket-powered surface-to-air guided missile development by awarding contract to Fairchild March 22 1820 - Commodore Stephen Decatur dies after duel with Capt. James Barron 1915 - "Naval Aviator" replaces former "Navy Air Pilot" for officers qualified as aviators 1929 - Navy ships protect Americans and their property during Mexican revolution 1946 - USS Missouri departs U.S. to return body of deceased Turkish ambassador to the U.S. back to for burial. Missouri arrived in Istanbul on 5 April. March 23 1815 - USS Hornet captures HMS Penguin in battle lasting 22 minutes 1882 - SECNAV Hunt issues General Order No. 292 creating Office of Naval Intelligence. 1917 - Launching of USS New Mexico, first dreadnought with turboelectric drive 1945 - Carriers begin pre-assault strikes on Okinawa, attacks follow 1958 - First launching of simulated Polaris missile from submerged tactical launcher facility off CA. 1965 - LCDR John W. Young, USN, Pilot of Gemini 3 completed 3 orbits in 4 hours., 53 minutes at an altitude of 224 km. Recovery was by helicopters from USS Intrepid (CVS-11). March 24 1903 - George Dewey commissioned Admiral of the Navy with the date of rank, 2 March 1899. He was the only person to hold this rank. March 25 1813 - USS Essex takes Neryeda, first capture by U.S. Navy in Pacific 1898 - Assist. SECNAV Theodore Roosevelt proposes Navy investigate military application of Samuel Langley's flying machine, beginning naval aviation March 26 1942 - ADM King becomes both Chief of Naval Operations and Commander, U.S. Fleet 1943 - Battle of Komandorski Islands, prevents Japanese reinforcements from reaching Attu 1966 - Operation Jackstay in Navy's first amphibious assault in Vietnam's inland waters 1968 - Operation Bold Dragon III began in Mekong Delta March 27 1794 - Congress authorizes construction of 6 frigates, including Constitution 1799 - USS Constitution recaptures American sloop Neutrality from France 1880 - USS Constellation departs New York with food for famine victims in Ireland March 28 1800 - Essex becomes first U.S. Navy vessel to pass Cape of Good Hope 1814 - HMS Phoebe and Cherub capture USS Essex off Valparaiso, Chile. Before capture, Essex had captured 24 British prizes during the . 1848 - USS Supply reaches the Bay of Acre, anchoring under Mount Carmel near the village of Haifa, during expedition to explore the Dead Sea and the River Jordan. March 29 1954 - Carrier aircraft began reconnaissance near Dien Bien Phu, Indochina 1960 - Launch of first fully integrated Fleet Ballistic Missile from USS Observation Island 39

1973 - Naval Advisory Group and Naval forces, Vietnam disestablished and last U.S. prisoners of war left Vietnam. 1975 - Evacuation of Danang by sea began March 30 1944 - First use of torpedo squadrons from carriers to drop aerial mines ( Harbor) 1972 - Easter Offensive began in Vietnam March 31 1854 - Commodore Matthew Perry negotiates Treaty of Kanagawa to open trade between U.S. and Japan 1971 - Poseidon (C-3) missile becomes operational when USS James Madison began her 3rd patrol carrying 16 tactical Poseidon missiles. 1992 - USS Missouri (BB-63), the last active American battleship is decommissioned.

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March 1 1919 - PCU R-6 (SS-83) launched at Fore River Shipbuilding Company, Quincy, MA; sponsored by Miss Katherine Langdon Hill. 1921 - PCU S-17 (SS-122) commissioned USS S-17 (SS-122) at Lake Torpedo Boat Company, Bridgeport, CT; Lt. Comdr. Charles S. Alden commanding. 1939 - PCU SQUALUS (SS-192) commissioned USS SQUALUS (SS-192) at Portsmouth Navy Yard, Kittery, ME; Lt. O. F. Naquin commanding. PCU TAUTOG (SS-199) keel laid as TAUTOG at the Electric Boat Company, Groton, CT. 1941 - PCU GRAYLING (SS-209) commissioned USS GRAYLING (SS-209) at Portsmouth Navy Yard, Portsmouth, NH; Lt. Comdr. F. Olson commanding. PCU GRUNION (SS-216) keel laid as GRUNION at the Electric Boat Company, Groton, CT. 1944 - PCU HAMMERHEAD (SS-364) commissioned USS HAMMERHEAD (SS-364) at Manitowoc Shipbuilding Company, Manitowoc, WI; Comdr. J. C. Martin commanding. PCU SEA ROBIN (SS-407) keel laid as SEA ROBIN at Portsmouth Navy Yard, Kittery, ME. PCU STICKLEBACK (SS-415) keel laid as STICKLEBACK at Mare Island Navy Yard, Vallejo, CA. 1945 - PCU CORSAIR (SS-435) keel laid as CORSAIR at the Electric boat Company, Groton, CT. 1960 - in the beginning of March USS TRITON (SSRN-586), while traveling down the Atlantic, sprung a severe leak around her starboard propeller shaft due to loose bolts and an improperly installed water seal. 1961 - USS SALMON (SSR-573) reclassified (SS-573). 1973 - Ex-SEA LEOPARD (SS-483) disposed of through the Security Assistance Program (SAP), transferred to . 1982 - in early January, USS ROBERT E. LEE (SSBN-601) left Pearl Harbor, HI and headed for the explosive handling wharf at Bangor, WA. On February 28, 1982 her A3 missiles were off loaded, officially ending the U.S. Navy's Polaris program after 21 years. She was redesignated SSN-601 this day and operated on the U.S. West Coast as a fast attack submarine with a consolidated crew for the next year. 1994 - USS BATON ROUGE (SSN-689) reported a collision with a Russian Serria class diesel submarine off Murmansk.

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2004 - USS GEORGIA (SSBN-729) hull reclassed to SSGN. March 2 1942 - PCU KINGFISH (SS-234) launched at Portsmouth Navy Yard, Portsmouth, NH; sponsored by Mrs. Harry A. Stuart, wife of Rear Admiral Stuart. 1944 - PCU CHOPPER (SS-342) keel laid as CHOPPER at Electric Boat Company, Groton, CT. 1945 - PCU SEA LEOPARD (SS-483) launched at Portsmouth Navy Yard, Kittery, ME; sponsored by Hon. Margaret Chase Smith, United States Congresswoman from Maine. 1946 - USS TUNA (SS-203) arrived at Pearl Harbor and reported for duty with Commander, Joint Task Force 1. 1949 - USS PERCH (SS-313) collided with USS Orleck (DD-886) off , CA. 1951 - PCU K-1 (SSK-1) (later-BARRACUDA) (SST-3) launched at the Electric Boat Division, General Dynamics Corporation, Groton, CT; sponsored by Mrs. Willis Manning Thomas. 1964 - PCU GEORGE C. MARSHALL (SSBN-654) keel laid as GEORGE C. MARSHALL at Newport News Shipbuilding and Drydock Company, Newport News, VA. 1987 - PCU PENNSYLVANIA (SSBN-735) keel laid as PENNSYLVANIA at the Electric Boat Division, General Dynamics Corporation, Groton, CT. 1990 - PCU HAMPTON (SSN-767) keel laid as HAMPTON at Newport News Shipbuilding and Drydock Company, Newport News, VA. 2005 - USS JEFFERSON CITY (SSN-759) returned from a training exercise through the mouth of San Diego Bay, CA. JEFFERSON CITY is assigned to Commander, Submarine Squadron Eleven and is commanded by Cmdr. Daryl Caudle. March 3 1895 - John P. Holland took a leaf from the Nordenfeldt playbook – in this case, good public relations to overcome political intransigence – and let it be known that he was entertaining offers from foreign navies. On March 3, the John P. Holland Torpedo Boat Company was awarded $200,000 to build an 85-foot, 15 knot, steam-powered submarine to be called "Plunger". Holland was only somewhat pleased – he didn't like the imposition of a steam engine, as well some changes the Navy insisted upon: the Navy knew what it wanted, but didn't know what it was doing. Congress was thrilled, and immediately authorized two more submarines of the Plunger type at $175,000 each. 1942 - USS PERCH (SS-176) and LCDR D. A. Hurt surfaced thirty miles northwest of Soerabaja, Java, N.E.I. on the evening of 1 March 1942 and started in for an attack on the enemy convoy that was landing troops to the west of Soerabaja. Two enemy destroyers attacked and drove her down with a string of depth charges which caused her to bottom at 135 feet. Several more depth charge attacks caused extensive damage, putting the starboard motors out of commission and causing extensive flooding throughout the boat. After repairs, PERCH surfaced at two o'clock in the morning only to be again driven down by the enemy destroyers. The loss of oil and air from damaged ballast tanks convinced the enemy that PERCH was breaking up and they went on to look for other kills, allowing PERCH to surface. The crew made all possible repairs with the submarine's decks awash and only one engine in commission. During the early morning of 3 March, a test dive was made with almost fatal results. Expert handling and good luck enabled her to surface from that dive only to be attacked by two enemy cruisers and three destroyers. When the enemy shells commenced to straddle, the commanding officer ordered all hands on deck. With all possible hull openings open, PERCH made her last dive and ended her second patrol. The entire crew was captured by a Japanese 42

destroyer. Of the fifty-four men and five officers only six, who died of malnutrition in Japanese prisoner-of-war camps, were unable to return to their country to enjoy the victory for which they had fought so valiantly. She was the fifth U.S. submarine loss of World War II. 60 crew were taken POW, 6 men later died as POWs but none were lost with PERCH that day. PERCH received one battle star for World War II service. 1943 - PCU GUAVINA (SS-362) keel laid as GUAVINA at Manitowoc Shipbuilding Company, Manitowoc, WI. 1945 - USS BARRACUDA (SS-163) second decommissioning at Navy Yard, Philadelphia, PA. USS BONITA (SS-165) second decommissioning at Philadelphia Navy Yard, Philadelphia, PA. 1967 - PCU STURGEON (SSN-637) commissioned USS STURGEON (SSN-637) at General Dynamics Corporation, Quincy, MA; Lt. Comdr. Curtis B. Shellman, Jr. commanding. She was the lead boat of a 37 unit class which introduced General Dynamics to submarine construction. 1979 - PCU (SSN-696) commissioned USS NEW YORK CITY (SSN-696) at the Electric Boat Division, General Dynamics Corporation, Groton, CT. 1980 - USS NAUTILUS (SSN-571) decommissioned and struck from the at Mare Island Naval Shipyard, Vallejo, CA. Laid up in the Atlantic Reserve Fleet and retained by the Navy as a museum. 1984 - PCU NEWPORT NEWS (SSN-750) keel laid as NEWPORT NEWS at Newport News Shipbuilding and Drydock Company, Newport News, VA. March 4 1908 - PCU STINGRAY (later C-2) (SS-13) keel laid as STINGRAY at Fore River Shipbuilding Company, Quincy, MA. 1917 - the Appropriations Act of 1917 added eighteen more boats to the submarine construction program. The Navy used resources from the Naval Emergency Fund for twenty more. 1918 - PCU R-8 (SS-85) keel laid as R-8 at Fore River Shipbuilding Company, Quincy, MA. 1943 - PCU CAVALLA (SS-244) keel laid as CAVALLA at the Electric Boat Company, Groton, CT. PCU SKATE (SS-305) launched at Mare Island Navy Yard, Vallejo, CA; sponsored by Mrs. George P. Shamer. 1944 - PCU STERLET (SS-392) commissioned USS STERLET (SS-392) at Portsmouth Navy Yard, Kittery, ME; Comdr. O. C. Robbbins commanding. 1946 - PCU AMBERJACK (SS-522) commissioned USS AMBERJACK (SS-522) at Boston Navy Yard, Boston, MA; Comdr. William B. Parham commanding. 1966 - USS CAPITAINE (SS-336) second decommissioning in preparation for being loaned to . 2002 - USS BOISE (SSN-764) led the fast combat support ship USS Seattle (AOE-3) and the guided missile cruiser USS Hue City (CG-66) as the ships of USS John F. Kennedy (CV-67) Battle Group transited the Suez Canal. The Kennedy battle group rendezvoused with USS Theodore Roosevelt (CVN-71) to relieve "TR" in supporting Operation Enduring Freedom. 2005 - Rear Adm. Paul Sullivan, Commander, Submarine Force U.S. Pacific Fleet at Pearl Harbor, HI, presented the Meritorious Unit Commendation (MUC) to Cmdr. Brian Howes, commanding officer of USS LA JOLLA (SSN-701). The Navy Meritorious Unit Commendation was instituted in 1967 and is awarded to Navy/Marine Corps units for 43

valorous actions or meritorious achievement (combat or non-combat). Cmdr. Matthew A. Weingart relieved Cmdr. Frederick J. Capria as commanding officer of the fast-attack submarine USS NEWPORT NEWS (SSN-750) in a ceremony at Pier 3, , VA. March 5 1912 - the Secretary of the Navy established the Atlantic Submarine Flotilla, commanded by LT Chester W. Nimitz. 1919 - PCU S-40 (SS-145) keel laid as S-40 at Bethlehem Shipbuilding Corporation, San Francisco, CA. 1943 - USS GRAMPUS (SS-207) was ordered on 20 February to patrol north of 4°30‘S until dawn on 21 February and then to patrol east of Buka and Bouganville. On 2 March she was told to round Cape Henpan, proceed down the west coast of Bouganville, south of Treasury Island, north of and into Vella Gulf on the afternoon of 5 March. She was to sink enemy ships trying to pass westward through Blackett Strait in attempting to escape our surface ships scheduled to bombard Vila and Stanmore airstrip on 6 March. USS GRAYBACK (SS-208) was teamed with GRAMPUS in the above operation, and each was informed of the other’s assignment. The evening of 5 March, GRAYBACK and GRAMPUS were warned that two destroyers were proceeding from Faisi (off southeastern Bouganville) toward Wilson Strait (between Vella Lavella and Ganogga). These destroyers later went through Blackett Strait into Kula Gulf, where they sere sunk by our surface forces, but GRAYBACK did not report having seen or heard them. Shortly after the report concerning these destroyers was sent, GRAYBACK heard and saw a ship in the part of Vella Gulf assigned to GRAMPUS, and, assuming it was she, maneuvered to avoid. She was unable to track it or exchange recognition signals by radar, since her SJ radar was not functioning. When GRAMPUS made no radio transmission up to 6-7 March, she was ordered by ComTaskFor 72 on 7 March to do so. No transmission was received, and on 8 March she was ordered again to make one, again without results. She was reported lost on 22 March, 1943. Any further discussion about her demise is pure conjecture. She was the eleventh U.S. submarine loss of World War II. Seventy-one men were lost with GRAMPUS that day. GRAMPUS received three battle stars for World War II service. Her first, fourth, and fifth war patrols were designated successful. 1945 - PCU REMORA (SS-487) keel laid as REMORA at Portsmouth Navy Yard, Kittery, ME. 1962 - PCU JAMES MADISON (SSBN-627) keel laid as JAMES MADISON at Newport News Shipbuilding and Drydock Company, Newport News, VA. March 6 1916 - PCU O-11 (SS-72) keel laid as O-11 at Lake Torpedo Boat Company, Bridgeport, CT. PCU O-12 (SS-73) keel laid as O-12 at Lake Torpedo Boat Company, Bridgeport, CT. PCU O-13 (SS-74) keel laid as O-13 at Lake Torpedo Boat Company, Bridgeport, CT. 1918 - PCU R-9 (SS-86) keel laid as R-9 at Fore River Shipbuilding Company, Quincy, MA. 1920 - PCU S-5 (SS-110) commissioned USS S-5 at Portsmouth Navy Yard, Kittery, ME; Lt. Comdr. Charles M. Cooke, Jr. commanding. 1932 - PCU DOLPHIN (SS-169) launched at Portsmouth Navy Yard, Kittery, ME; sponsored by Mrs. E. D. Toland. 1942 - PCU AMBERJACK (SS-219) launched at the Electric Boat Company, Groton, CT; sponsored by Mrs. Randall Jacobs, wife of Rear Admiral Jacobs, the head of the Bureau of Personnel. 44

PCU SCAMP (SS-277) keel laid as SCAMP at Portsmouth Navy Yard, Kittery, ME. 1944 - PCU DRAGONET (SS-293) commissioned USS DRAGONET (SS-293) at Cramp Shipbuilding Company, Philadelphia, PA; Commander J. H. Lewis commanding. PCU ATULE (SS-403) launched at Portsmouth Navy Yard, Kittery, ME; sponsored by Miss Elizabeth Louise Kauffman, the daughter of Rear Admiral James Lawrence Kauffman. 1953 - USS TUNNY (SS-282) was placed in commission for the third time. Converted to carry guided missiles, she was reclassified (SSG-282) and served as a Regulus-missile submarine for nearly 12 years. USS MENHADEN (SS-377) recommissioned; Lt. Comdr. William R. Werner commanding. 1962 - PCU SAM HOUSTON (SSBN-609) commissioned USS SAM HOUSTON (SSBN-609) at Newport News Shipbuilding and Drydock Company, Newport News, VA; Capt. W. P. Willis, Jr. (BLUE) commanding. 1982 - PCU ATLANTA (SSN-712) commissioned USS ATLANTA (SSN-712) at Newport News Shipbuilding and Drydock Company, Newport News, VA; Comdr. Robin J. White commanding. 1995 - Ex-SKATE (SSN-578) disposition complete by Nuclear Powered Ship and Submarine Recycling Program (NPSSRP) at Puget Sound Naval Shipyard, Bremerton, WA. 1998 - Ex-THOMAS JEFFERSON (SSBN/SSN-618) disposition complete by Nuclear Powered Ship and Submarine Recycling Program (NPSSRP) at Puget Sound Naval Shipyard, Bremerton, WA. March 7 1943 - PCU BONEFISH (SS-223) launched at the Electric Boat Company, Groton, CT; sponsored by Mrs. F. A. Daubin, wife of Rear Admiral Daubin. 1958 - PCU GRAYBACK (SSG-574) commissioned USS GRAYBACK (SSG-574) at Mare Island Naval Shipyard, Vallejo, CA; Lt. Comdr. Hugh G. Nott commanding. 1979 - USS ALEXANDER HAMILTON (SSBN-617) became tangled in the nets of a Scottish fishing trawler in the sound of Jura off the west coast of . ALEXANDER HAMILTON towed the trawler backward for about 45 minutes until the nets were cut. No injuries or serious damage resulted. 1979 - USS PARGO (SSN-650) grounded while entering New London, CT harbor. March 8 1920 - PCU S-15 (SS-120) launched at Lake Torpedo Boat Company, Bridgeport, CT; sponsored by Mrs. . 1944 - PCU SEALION (SS-315) commissioned USS SEALION (SS-315) at Electric Boat Company, Groton, CT; Lt. Comdr. Eli T. Reich commanding. PCU SENNET (SS-408) keel laid as SENNET at Portsmouth Navy Yard, Kittery, ME. 1996 - Ex-PLUNGER (SSN-595) disposition complete by Nuclear Powered Ship and Submarine Recycling Program (NPSSRP) at Puget Sound Naval Shipyard, Bremerton, WA. 1997 - USS BREMERTON (SSN-698) executed an emergency ascent demonstration for senior Chinese officers onboard USS Port Royal (CG-73) in the Pacific Ocean near Pearl Harbor, HI. The Chinese officers were given an underway tour of Port Royal a day before the arrival of three Chinese ships to Pearl Harbor, the first such visit to a U.S. port in eight years. March 9 1912 - USS USS C-4 (ex-BONITA) (SS-15) collided with USS E-2 (ex-STURGEON) (SS-25) at . 45

1942 - USS R-17 (SS-94) decommissioned and transferred to Great Britain; renamed HMS P512. USS R-19 (SS-96) decommissioned and transferred to Great Britain; renamed HMS P514. 1944 - PCU SPADEFISH (SS-411) commissioned USS SPADEFISH (SS-411) at Mare Island Navy Yard, Vallejo, CA; Comdr. G. W. Underwood commanding. 1962 - USS CREVALLE (SS-291) third and final decommisssioning. 1983 - PCU ALASKA (SSBN-732) keel laid as ALASKA at the Electric Boat Division, General Dynamics Corporation, Groton, CT. 1995 - USS MARIANO G. VALLEJO (SSBN-658) decommissioned and struck from the Naval Vessel Register. 2006 - the fast-attack submarine USS SCRANTON (SSN-756) successfully demonstrated homing and docking of an Unmanned Undersea Vehicle (UUV) system during at-sea testing in January 2006. The two UUVs used in the testing are a part of the AN/BLQ-11 Long Term Mine Reconnaissance System (LMRS), which was designed to enable submarines to conduct clandestine undersea surveys to locate mines. Repeated homing tests were conducted with slightly different configurations to assess the ability of a UUV to dock with a torpedo-tube-mounted recovery system. The final was the first successful docking of the LMRS vehicle to a submerged submarine at-sea. After the UUV is launched from the submarine’s torpedo tube, it transits to a series of pre-programmed waypoints. Meanwhile, the submarine maneuvers to rendezvous with the UUV. Homing and Docking guides the UUV towards the recovery arm, a unique docking mechanism that extends out of the ship’s upper torpedo tube. After the UUV is captured, the recovery arm guides the UUV into the lower torpedo tube, and back into the submarine. PCU NORTH CAROLINA (SSN-777) was under construction at Northrop Grumman Newport News, VA shipyard. NORTH CAROLINA is the fourth Virginia-Class submarine and is scheduled to join the fleet in 2008. March 10 1943 - PCU TILEFISH (SS-307) keel laid as TILEFISH at Mare Island Navy Yard, Vallejo, CA. USS APOGON (SS-308) launched at Portsmouth Navy Yard, Kittery, ME; sponsored by Mrs. Thomas Withers, the wife of Admiral Withers. 1954 - PCU SALMON (SSR-573) keel laid as SALMON at Portsmouth Naval Shipyard, Kittery, ME. 1962 - USS TIGRONE (SS-419) second commissioning after redesignation to (SS-419). She then underwent overhaul and conversion at the Philadelphia Naval Shipyard. PCU THOMAS A. EDISON (SSBN-610) commissioned USS THOMAS A. EDISON (SSBN-610) at the Electric Boat Division, General Dynamics Corporation, Groton, CT; Capt. Charles M. Young (BLUE) and Capt. Walter Dedrick (GOLD) commanding. 1984 - PCU MINNEAPOLIS-ST. PAUL (SSN-708) commissioned USS MINNEAPOLIS-ST PAUL (SSN- 708) at the Electric Boat Division, General Dynamics Corporation, Groton, CT. March 11 1898 - PCU HOLLAND (HOLLAND VI) (SS-1) began sea trials. 1937 - PCU POMPANO (SS-181) launched at Mare Island Navy Yard, Vallejo, CA; sponsored by Mrs. Isaac I. Yates. 1943 - PCU BARBEL (SS-316) keel laid as BARBEL at the Electric Boat Company, Groton, CT. 1944 - PCU QUEENFISH (SS-393) commissioned USS QUEENFISH (SS-393) at Portsmouth Navy Yard, Kittery, ME; Lt. Comdr. C. E. Loughlin commanding. 1957 - USS ALBACORE (AGSS-569) was underway off Newport and the , RI. 1961 - USS ABRAHAM LINCOLN (SSBN-602) commissioned USS ABRAHAM LINCOLN (SSBN-602) 46

at Portsmouth Naval Shipyard, Kittery, ME; Comdr. Leonard Erb (BLUE) and Comdr. Donald M. Miller (GOLD) commanding. 1963 - USS TORO (SS-422) decommissioned at the Atlantic Reserve Fleet Philadelphia Group after demilitarization and non-industrial stripping there. 1978 - PCU OMAHA (SSN-692) commissioned USS OMAHA (SSN-692) at the Electric Boat Division, General Dynamics Corporation, Groton, CT. 2004 - USS ALBANY (SSN-753) paid Souda Bay Harbor, Crete, Greece a brief port visit. ALBANY was homeported in Norfolk, VA., and is the third improved Los Angles-class attack submarine. The improved submarines are quieter, faster, have hull diving planes, improved fire control systems and ice breaking capable for polar operations. March 12 1910 - PCU SALMON (later D-3) (SS-19) launched at Fore River Shipbuilding Company, Quincy, MA. 1920 - USS H-1 (ex-SEAWOLF) (SS-28) lost with 4 men (including the commanding officer, Lt. Comdr. James R. Webb) after running aground at the entrance to Magdalena Bay, Mexico (off Santa Margarita Island) and sinking in 9 fathoms of water while being towed off. Salvage was abandoned. 1936 - PCU TARPON (SS-175) commissioned USS TARPON (SS-175) at Electric Boat Company, Groton, CT. 1943 - PCU SANDLANCE (SS-381) keel laid as SANDLANCE at Portsmouth Navy Yard, Kittery, ME. 1944 - PCU BLACKFIN (SS-322) launched at Electric Boat Company, Groton, CT. PCU JALLAO (SS-368) launched at Manitowoc Shipbuilding Company, Manitowoc, WI. 1945 - Ex-BASS (ex-V2/SF-5) (SS-164) scuttled as a sonar target southeast of Block Island in 155' of water. 1971 - PCU BILLFISH (SSN-676) commissioned USS BILLFISH (SSN-676) at the Electric Boat Division, General Dynamics Corporation, Groton, CT. 1998 - USS OHIO (BLUE) (SSBN-726) manuevered through Hood Canal Bridge as she returned to her homeport in Bangor, WA. Ohio was the first Trident submarine to tally 50 strategic patrols. 2004 - PCU VIRGINIA (SSN-774) successfully completed a test of her torpedo tubes at General Dynamics Electric Boat Division's shipyard, Groton, CT, firing a dozen dummy torpedoes into the Thames River. The two-day evolution brought the submarine, the first in a new class of fast-attack boats, closer to her sea trials, which were slated for the spring. To conduct the torpedo tube testing, Electric Boat and U.S. Navy personnel fired three of the dummy torpedoes, or “shapes,” from each of the submarine’s four tubes. VIRGINIA Prospective Commanding Officer Capt. Dave Kern, who stood dockside for the firing of the first shape, said the test was a big step forward for the submarine. “The whole reason for the ship’s existence is for us to be able to use the weapon systems if called upon,” he said. “So it’s a great milestone to see the torpedo tubes in action.” In addition to torpedoes, the Virginia-class will be armed with Tomahawk cruise missiles and has been designed to host the Advanced SEAL Delivery System (ASDS) and Dry-Deck Shelter to support various missions. Furthermore, the Virginia-class will dominate both the open ocean and littorals while undertaking a wide range of missions, including anti-, anti-surface ship warfare, special operations, Information, Surveillance, and Reconnaissance (ISR), and mine warfare. The Virginia class is built jointly by General Dynamics Electric Boat in Groton, CT., and Northrop Grumman Newport News in 47

Newport News, VA. VIRGINIA’s commissioning was scheduled for later that year at Norfolk Naval Base, VA. March 13 1916 - USS E-2 (ex-STURGEON) (SS-25) decommissioned at New York Navy Yard, New York, NY; used as a laboratory for exhaustive tests of the Edison storage battery. 1968 - PCU BLUEFISH (SSN-675) keel laid as BLUEFISH at the Electric Boat Division, General Dynamics Corporation, Groton, CT. 1982 - PCU ALBUQUERQUE (SSN-706) launched at the Electric Boat Division, General Dynamics, Groton, CT. 1986 - USS NATHANAEL GREENE (SSBN-636) ran aground in the Irish Sea, suffering external damage to her ballast tanks and rudder. A spokesman for the U.S. Navy said "There was no effect on the propulsion, no injuries and no damage to the Poseidon nuclear missiles." The submarine initially sailed to Holy Loch, Scotland, under her own power for emergency repairs. She left Scotland on 25 April and traveled submerged to Charleston, SC. The extent of the damage subsequently lead to a decision to decommission the vessel, partly in order to satisfy SALT II limitations. USS ATLANTA (SSN-712) ran aground entering the Mediterranean through the Straits of Gibraltar. 1993 - PCU MONTPELIER (SSN-765) commissioned USS MONTPELIER (SSN-765) at Newport News Shipbuilding and Drydock Company, Newport News, VA. 2004 - the Arleigh Burke-class destroyer USS Roosevelt (DDG 80) and USS TOLEDO (SSN-769) operated together in the . Roosevelt was part of the USS John F. Kennedy (CV 67) (CSG) and was taking part in a Composite Training Unit Exercise (COMPTUEX), which is an intermediate level training exercise, designed to forge ships in the Kennedy CSG into a cohesive fighting team. March 14 1914 - PCU K-3 (ex-ORCA) (SS-34) launched at Union Iron Works, San Francisco, CA 1942 - PCU HADDOCK (SS-231) commissioned USS HADDOCK (SS-231) at Portsmouth Naval Shipyard, Kittery, ME. PCU WHALE (SS-239) launched at Mare Island Navy Yard, Vallejo, CA. 1944 - PCU LIZARDFISH (SS-373) keel laid as LIZARDFISH at Manitowoc Shipbuilding Company, Manitowoc, WI. 1960 - PCU POLLACK (SSN-603) keel laid as POLLACK at New York Shipbuilding Company, Camden, NJ. 1996 - Ex-BARB (SSN-596) disposition complete by Nuclear Powered Ship and Submarine Recycling Program (NPSSRP) at Puget Sound Naval Shipyard, Bremerton, WA. 2003 - USS BREMERTON (SSN-698) departed her homeport of San Diego, CA for a western Pacific deployment. The Los Angeles-class attack submarine is a multi-mission stealth platform, covertly projecting power ashore by inserting Special Operations Forces, conducting surveillance, and collecting intelligence while providing a flexible forward presence in support of U.S. interests. 2005 - USS LOUISVILLE (SSN-724) was underway off the coast of southern California. LOUISVILLE was conducting a Joint Task Force Training Exercise (JTFEX) with Carrier Strike Group Eleven (CSG-11). 2006 - Capt. Kenneth R. Sault turned over command of the Pearl Harbor-based USS KEY WEST (SSN-722) to Cmdr. Thomas E. Ishee in a change of command ceremony. A graduate of 48

the University of Georgia, Ishee served on USS NARWHAL (SSN-671), USS SEA DEVIL (SSN- 664), USS TUNNY (SSN-682) and USS LA JOLLA (SSN-701). KEY WEST was commissioned in 1987 and participated in Operations Enduring Freedom and Iraqi Freedom. March 15 1915 - PCU L-3 (SS-42) launched at Fore River Shipbuilding Company, Quincy, MA. 1920 - PCU S-50 (SS-161) keel laid as S-50 at Lake Torpedo Boat Company, Bridgeport, CT. 1930 - PCU NAUTILUS/V-6 (SS-168) launched at Mare Island Navy Yard, Vallejo, CA. 1938 - PCU SALMON (SS-182) commissioned USS SALMON (SS-182) at Electric Boat Company, Groton, CT. PCU STINGRAY (SS-186) commissioned USS STINGRAY (SS-186) at Portsmouth Navy Yard, Portsmouth, NH. PCU STURGEON (SS-187) launched at Navy Yard, Mare Island, CA; sponsored by Mrs. Charles S. Freeman. 1943 - USS TRITON (SS-201) was the fourth of our submarines lost in the Solomons-Bismarck area in the early part of 1943; TRITON left Brisbane on 16 February 1943 to begin her sixth patrol in that area. She hunted for traffic between Rabaul and Shortland Basin on her way north, and began to patrol the on 23 February. The last word received from TRITON came on 11 March 1943 when she reported, “Two groups of smokes, 5 or more ships each, plus escorts…Am chasing.” She was ordered to stay south of the Equator, and was informed of the area (an adjacent one) assigned to TRIGGER. On the morning of 13 March TRITON was told that three enemy destroyers had been sighted southeast on a northerly course. She was informed that they were probably on a submarine hunt or were a convoy cover and had missed contact. TRITON, on 16 March, was ordered to change her area slightly to the east. TUNA and GREENLING were placed in adjacent areas (to the south and west, respectively) on 22 March, and all were to disregard areas when on the chase, and to avoid when encountering a submarine. TRITON was told to clear her area on 25 March 1943, and return to Brisbane. When she failed to make her report of position, new results and estimated time of arrival when it was expected, she was ordered to do so. No report was received and she was reported as lost on 10 April 1943. Information available after the war shows that TRITON was, without a doubt, sunk by the enemy destroyers of which she was given information on 13 March. Enemy reports show that these ships made an attack on 15 March. Their position was slightly north and west of TRITON’s area, but she undoubtedly left her area to attack the destroyers or the convoy they were escorting. The report of the attack by the destroyers leaves little doubt as to whether a kill was made, since they saw “a great quantity of oil, pieces of wood, corks and manufactured goods bearing the mark "Made in U.S.A." Seventy-four men were lost with TRITON that day. She was the twelfth U.S. submarine loss of World War II. PCU MUSKALLUNGE (SS-262) commissioned USS MUSKALLUNGE (SS-262) at the Electric Boat Company, Groton, CT. PCU PICUDA (SS-382) keel laid as PICUDA at Portsmouth Navy Yard, Portsmouth, NH. PCU PAMPANITO (SS-383) keel laid as PAMPANITO at Portsmouth Navy Yard, Portsmouth, NH. 1944 - PCU PIPER (SS-409) keel laid as PIPER at the U.S. Navy Yard, Portsmouth, NH. 1952 - PCU ALBACORE (SS-569) keel laid as ALBACORE at Portsmouth Naval Shipyard, Portsmouth, NH. 49

1960 - PCU THOMAS A. EDISON (SSBN-610) keel laid as THOMAS A. EDISON at Electric Boat Division, General Dynamics Corporation, Groton, CT. 1963 - PCU JAMES MADISON (SSBN-627) launched at Newport News Shipbuilding and Drydock Company, Newport News, VA. 1967 - PCU TAUTOG (SSN-639) launched at Ingalls Shipbuilding Company, Pascagoula, MS and sponsored by Mrs. Albert Gore. 1969 - PCU SUNFISH (SSN-649) commissioned USS SUNFISH (SSN-649) at General Dynamics Corporation, Quincy, MA. 1986 - PCU NEWPORT NEWS (SSN-750) launched at Newport News Shipbuilding and Drydock Company, Newport News, VA. 2004 - work continued on the strategic missile submarine USS OHIO (SSGN-726) at Puget Sound Naval Shipyard and Intermediate Maintenance Facility, Bremerton, WA. OHIO was one of four Trident submarines undergoing conversion to a new class of guided missile submarines. The SSGN conversion program takes Ohio-class ballistic missile submarines through an extensive overhaul that will improve their capability to support and launch up to 154 Tomahawk missiles. They will also provide the capability to carry other payloads, such as unmanned underwater vehicles (UUVs), unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) and Special Forces equipment. This new platform will also have the capability to carry and support more than 66 Navy SEALs (Sea, Air and Land) and insert them clandestinely into potential conflict areas. March 16 1916 - PCU L-10 (SS-50) launched at Fore River Shipbuilding Company, Quincy, MA. 1920 - USS N-5 (SS-57) collided with freight lighter Laredo near Navy Pier, New York. 1944 - PCU CLAMAGORE (SS-343) keel laid as CLAMAGORE at the Electric Boat Company, Groton, CT. 1960 - PCU SHARK (SSN-591) launched at Newport News Shipbuilding and Drydock Company, Newport News, VA. March 17 1897 - PCU HOLLAND (HOLLAND VI) (SS-1) launched at Crescent Shipyards, Elizabethport, N.J. 1898 - after surface trials and a 30-minute static submergence, PCU HOLLAND (HOLLAND VI) (SS-1)'s first dive underway was made - St. Patrick's Day, fittingly enough, given John P. Holland's Irish Republican background - in the waters off Staten Island, New York. 1908 - PCU TARPON (later C-3) (SS-14) keel laid as TARPON at Fore River Shipbuilding Company, Quincy, MA. PCU BONITA (later C-4) (SS-15) keel laid as BONITA at Fore River Shipbuilding Company, Quincy, MA. PCU SNAPPER (later C-5) (SS-16) keel laid as SNAPPER at Fore River Shipbuilding Company, Quincy, MA. 1914 - PCU K-1 (ex-HADDOCK) (SS-32) commissioned USS K-1 at the Fore River Shipbuilding Company, Quincy, MA, Lt. (j.g.) E. F. Cutts in command. PCU K-5 (SS-36) launched at Fore River Shipbuilding Company, Quincy, MA. 1928 - USS S-4 (SS-109) salvaged after being rammed by USCG Paulding on December 17, 1927; towed to the Boston Navy Yard for dry-docking. 1937 - PCU PERMIT (SS-178) commissioned USS PERMIT (SS-178) at Electric Boat Company, Groton, CT. 1943 - PCU COBIA (SS-245) keel laid as COBIA at Electric Boat Company, Groton, CT. 50

PCU POMPON (SS-267) commissioned USS POMPON (SS-267) at Manitowoc Shipbuilding Co, Manitowoc, WI. 1945 - PCU CUTLASS (SS-478) commissioned USS CUTLASS (SS-478) at Portsmouth Navy Yard, Kittery, ME. 1959 - USS SKATE (SSN-578) surfaced at the North Pole after completing a historic under-ice voyage to reach her destination. She also commited the ashes of the famed explorer Sir Hubert Wilkins to the Arctic waste. When the submarine returned to port, she was awarded a bronze star in lieu of a second Navy Unit Commendation for demonstrating ". . . for the first time the ability of submarines to operate in and under the Arctic ice in the dead of winter . . ." 1962 - PCU POLLACK (SSN-603) launched at New York Shipbuilding Company, Camden, NJ. 2006 - USS COLUMBIA (SSN-771) returned to her homeport of Pearl Harbor, HI. She departed Pearl Harbor on September 17, 2005. During the deployment, the ship’s crew visited Stirling, Australia; Yokosuka, Japan; Chinhae, Republic of ; , and . COLUMBIA is the 60th submarine of the Los Angeles class and is the 33rd ship of that class built by General Dynamics Electric Boat Division. March 18 1918 - PCU R-11 (SS-88) keel laid as R-11 at Fore River Shipbuilding Company, Quincy, MA. 1925 - USS S-19 (SS-124) grounded on Nauset Beach near Orleans, MA. 1944 - PCU THREADFIN (SS-410) keel laid as THREADFIN at Portsmouth Navy Yard, Kittery, ME. 1946 - PCU DIODON (SS-349) commissioned USS DIODON (SS-349) at the Electric Boat Company, Groton, CT. 1948 - USS THRESHER (SS-200) sold for scrapping to Max Siegel of Everett, MA. 1953 - USS CROAKER (SS-246) second decommissioning at Portsmouth Naval Shipyard, Portsmouth, NH for conversion to a Hunter-Killer Submarine. 1960 - USS MAPIRO (SS-376) transferred (lease) to the Republic of Turkey under the Military Assistance Program after modification to GUPPY configuration. 1968 - USS THEODORE ROOSEVELT (SSBN-600) ran aground while submerged off the coast of Scotland. There were no injuries, but the bow of the submarine was damaged. March 19 1912 - PCU F-2 (ex-BARRACUDA) (SS-21) launched at Union Iron Works, San Francisco, CA. 1913 - USS D-3 (ex-SALMON) (SS-19) collided with Mohawk . 1914 - PCU K-4 (ex-WALRUS) (SS-35) launched at Seattle Construction & Drydock Company, Seattle, WA. PCU L-2 (SS-41) keel laid as L-2 at Fore River Shipbuilding Company, Quincy, MA. 1918 - PCU S-16 (SS-121) keel laid as S-16 at Lake Torpedo Boat Company, Bridgeport, CT. PCU S-17 (SS-122) keel laid as S-17 at Lake Torpedo Boat Company, Bridgeport, CT. 1928 - USS S-4 (SS-109) decommissioned at Boston Navy Yard, after being salvaged on 17 March. 1945 - PCU CATFISH (SS-339) commissioned USS CATFISH (SS-339) at the Electric Boat Company, Groton, CT. 1954 - USS COBIA (SS-245) second decommissioning at New London, CT; laid up in the Atlantic Reserve Fleet. 1983 - PCU MINNEAPOLIS-ST. PAUL (SSN-708) launched at Electric Boat Division, General Dynamics Corporation, Groton, CT. 1994 - PCU TUCSON (SSN-770) launched at Newport News Shipbuilding & Drydock Company, 51

Newport News, VA. March 20 1907 - future Fleet Admiral Chester William Nimitz returned to the U. S. in 1907 and was ordered to duty under instruction in submarines, the branch of the service in which he spent a large part of his sea duty. His first submarine was USS PLUNGER (later A-1) (SS-2). He successively commanded USS SNAPPER (later C-5) (SS-16), USS NARWHAL (later D-1) (SS-17) and USS E-1 (ex-SKIPJACK) (SS-24) until 1912. On 20 March of that year, Nimitz, then a Lieutenant, and commanding officer of the submarine E-1 (ex-SKIPJACK), was awarded the Silver Lifesaving Medal by the Treasury Department for his heroic action in saving W.J. Walsh, Fireman second class, USN, from drowning. A strong tide was running and Walsh, who could not swim, was rapidly being swept away from his ship. Lieutenant Nimitz dove in the water and kept Walsh afloat until both were picked up by a small boat. 1909 - USS F-1 (ex-CARP) (SS-20) gasoline explosion in drydock. 1942 - PCU GROWLER (SS-215) commissioned USS GROWLER (SS-215) at the Electric Boat Company, Groton, CT. PCU SCORPION (SS-278) keel laid as SCORPION at Portsmouth Navy Yard, Kittery, ME. 1945 - USS LANCETFISH (SS-296) sunk alongside Boston Navy Yard pier when torpedo tube flood valve left open. departing Guam on March 1, 1945, USS KETE (SS-369) and Lt. Cmdr. Edward Ackerman headed for her second patrol in the vicinity of the Nansei Shoto (island chain). In addition to performing a normal patrol, KETE had orders to submit special weather reports, and to carry out rescue service during an air strike by carrier based planes. On the night of March 10, 1945, KETE reported having sunk three medium sized freighters on the previous night. She reported on the night of March 14th that she had fired four torpedoes which missed a small enemy cable laying vessel, and that she had only three torpedoes remaining aboard. In view of the small number of torpedoes left, KETE was directed to depart her area on March 20th, and proceed to Pearl Harbor for refit, stopping at Midway en route for fuel. On March 19th, she acknowledged receipt of these orders. On March 20th she sent in a special weather report. This was the last message received from her. At normal cruising speed she should have arrived at Midway about March 31, 1945. When she was neither sighted nor heard from by April 16, 1945, she was reported as presumed lost. Japanese information concerning antisubmarine attacks gained since the end of the war gives no positive evidence to what happened to KETE; none of the attacks on U.S. submarines occurring within the period from March 20th to March 31st 1945, was made in a position in which KETE was likely to be. There were a few mine lines in the Nansei Shoto Chain but since KETE was already east of the islands at the time of her last message on March 20th and was heading home, loss through a mine is considered highly improbable. It is known that a number of enemy submarines were in the area through which KETE was required to pass en route to Midway. RO-41 was sunk east of Okinawa by an U.S. destroyer on March 23, 1945, and two other Japanese submarines were sunk southeast of Okinawa near this date. Conditions attendant to KETE’s loss suggest a likelihood that one of these submarines might have torpedoed and sunk her and been unable to report the attack before being sunk. Thus, KETE must be considered probably a loss due to an unreported enemy attack. She is credited with sending three medium freighters, totaling 12,000 tons, to the bottom on 52

this last patrol. During her first patrol, conducted in the East Sea, KETE encountered no enemy targets. Eighty-seven men were lost with KETE that day. She was the forty-seventh U.S. submarine loss of World War II. KETE received one battle star for World War II service. 1965 - PCU GEORGE BANCROFT (SSBN-643) launched at the Electric Boat Division, General Dynamics Corporation, Groton, CT. PCU WILL ROGERS (SSBN-659) keel laid as WILL ROGERS at the Electric Boat Division, General Dynamics Corporation, Groton, CT. 1989 - USS WILL ROGERS (SSBN-659) onboard fire in the Atlantic. 1993 - USS GRAYLING (SSN-646) collided with a Russian Delta IV Class missile submarine in the Barents Sea near Murmansk. There were no injuries but U.S. leadership was infuriated by the risks taken. USS LA JOLLA (SSN-701) collided with a Torpedo Retriever. March 21 1918 - PCU R-10 (SS-87) keel laid as R-10 at Fore River Shipbuilding Company, Quincy, MA. 1942 - PCU MINGO (SS-261) keel laid as MINGO at the Electric Boat Company, Groton, CT. 1943 - PCU COD (SS-224) launched at Electric Boat Company, Groton, CT. 1981 - PCU HOUSTON (SSN-713) launched at Newport News Shipbuilding and Drydock Company, Newport News, VA. 1989 - first submerged test launch of the eight-warhead Trident II missile was made aboard USS TENNESSEE (SSBN-734) off Cape Canaveral, Florida. 1994 - Ex-GEORGE WASHINGTON CARVER (SSBN-656) disposition complete by Nuclear Powered Ship and Submarine Recycling Program (NPSSRP) at Puget Sound Naval Shipyard, Bremerton, WA. March 22 1911 - PCU SEAWOLF (later H-1) (SS-28) keel laid as SEAWOLF at Union Iron Works, San Francisco, CA. 1915 - PCU G-3 (ex-TURBOT) (SS-31) commissioned USS G-3 at New York Navy Yard, New York, NY. 1917 - PCU N-5 (SS-57) launched at Lake Torpedo Boat Company, Bridgeport, CT. 1982 - USS JACKSONVILLE (SSN-699) collided with the Turkish cargo ship the General Z. Dogan while running on the surface 25 miles east of Cape Charles, Virginia. Damage to JACKSONVILLE was reported as minor and characterized as "bumps and scrapes," while bow damage was reported on the General Z. Dogan . 1986 - USS Secota (YTM-415) lost power and collided with the stern planes of the Trident submarine USS GEORGIA (SSBN-729) off Midway Island in the Pacific and sank, just after completing a personnel transfer. Ten crew were rescued but two drowned. GEORGIA was undamaged. March 23 1911 - PCU NAUTILUS (later H-2) (SS-29) keel laid as NAUTILUS at Union Iron Works, San Francisco, CA. 1914 - PCU L-4 (SS-43) keel laid as L-4 at Fore River Shipbuilding Company, Quincy, MA. 1944 - PCU TREPANG (SS-412) launched at Mare Island Navy Yard, Vallejo, CA. 1945 - Ex-S-21 (SS-126) sunk as a sonar target off northern New . 1947 - USS PERCH (SS-313) and USS Orlek (DD-886) were damaged in a collision during maneuvers off San Diego, CA. 53

1973 - USS QUILLBACK (SS-424) second decommissioning and struck from the Naval Vessel Register. 1991 - USS BOISE (SSN-764) launched at Newport News Shipbuilding and Drydock Company, Newport News, VA. 2005 - the Los Angeles-class fast attack submarine USS SALT LAKE CITY (SSN-716) got underway after departing Naval Submarine Base Point Loma, CA, to conduct routine exercises in the Pacific Ocean. March 24 1915 - PCU N-4 (SS-56) keel laid as N-4 at Lake Torpedo Boat Company, Bridgeport, CT. 1931 - USS S-3 (SS-107) decommissioned; laid up at the Reserve Fleet at League Island, PA. 1945 - USS LANCETFISH (SS-296) decommissioned after she sank alongside Pier 8 at the Boston Navy Yard because a workman opened the inner and outer doors on one of her after torpedo tubes simultaneously. She was raised 8 days later. LANCETFISH holds the record for the shortest commissoned lifetime of any U.S. submarine (about 41 days). 1953 - USS HARDHEAD (SS-365) second commissioning at New London, CT, following her GUPPY conversion which included streamlining, installation of a snorkel breathing apparatus and larger storage batteries. 1975 - USS DACE (SSN-607) collided with a fishing vessel while surfaced in the Narraganset Bay area off RI. There was no reported damage to the submarine. 1995 - Ex-THEODORE ROOSEVELT (SSBN-600) disposition complete by Nuclear Powered Ship and Submarine Recycling Program (NPSSRP) at Puget Sound Naval Shipyard, Bremerton, WA. March 25 1915 - USS F-4 (ex-SKATE) (SS-23) sunk while making submarine maneuvers off Honolulu, HI in 51 fathoms, 1 1/2 miles from the harbor. Despite valorous efforts of naval authorities at Honolulu to locate the missing boat and save her crew, all 21 men perished. The investigating board subsequently thought that corrosion of the lead lining of the battery tank had permitted seepage of sea water into the battery compartment and thereby caused the commanding officer to lose control on a submerged run. F-4 was the first U.S. submarine lost for any reason. She was struck from the Navy List on 31AUG15. 1918 - the first submarine taken under depth charge attack was USS L-10 (SS-50). The attack took place off the East coast of the U.S. The attacker dropped two 300# depth charges which severely shook the submarine. The attacker, however, was a U.S. destroyer. The sub surfaced and fired a recognition flare to stop the attack. 1935 - PCU PICKEREL (SS-177) keel laid as PICKEREL at Electric Boat Company, Groton, CT. 1940 - PCU TRITON (SS-201) launched at Portsmouth Naval Shipyard, Kittery, ME. 1943 - PCU BARBERO (SS-317) keel laid as BARBERO at Electric Boat Company, Groton, CT. 1944 - USS SCULPIN (SS-191) struck from the Naval Vessel Register. 2003 - PCU HAMPTON (SSN-767) and the Peruvian submarine BAP Angamos took part in a joint U.S. Navy exercise while visiting the Hampton Roads, VA area. 2004 - the Los Angeles-class attack submarine USS ALBANY (SSN-753) surfaced in the Gulf of Oman. ALBANY was participating in a Multilateral Undersea Warfare (USW) exercise conducted in the U.S. Naval Forces Central Command/Commander Fifth Fleet area of responsibility. The exercise's objective was to promote Anti-Submarine Warfare (ASW) interoperability between the United States, coalition, and other multinational forces operating in the region. 54

2005 - USS ALBUQUERQUE (SSN-706) departed Souda Harbor, Crete, Greece, after a brief port visit. AlBUQUERQUE is homeported in Groton, CT, and is deployed with the USS Harry S. Truman Carrier Strike Group in support of the Global War on Terrorism. Cmdr. Dixon K. Hicks relieved Cmdr. Kevin R. Brenton as commanding officer of the fast attack submarine USS PORTSMOUTH (SSN-707) in a ceremony at Norfolk Naval Shipyard, Portsmouth, VA. PORTSMOUTH was inactivated in September and is currently in Norfolk Naval Shipyard undergoing preparations for decommissioning. 2006 - the guided missile submarine USS FLORIDA (SSGN-728) departed Norfolk Naval Shipyard, VA, en route to sea trials following conversion from SSBN to SSGN at Norfolk Naval Shipyard. March 26 1914 - PCU K-6 (SS-37) launched at Fore River Shipbuilding Company, Quincy, MA. 1917 - PCU O-1 (SS-62) keel laid as O-1 at Portsmouth Navy Yard, Kittery, ME. 1944 - USS TULLIBEE (SS-284), commanded by Cmdr. C.F. Brindupke, departed Pearl Harbor to start her fourth war patrol on March 5, 1944. She stopped at Midway to top off with fuel and was not heard from again. A statement taken from the lone survivor, C.W. Kuykendall GM2c, conveys that the boat arrived on station March 25 and on the night of March 26 radar contact was made on a convoy consisting of a large troop and cargo ship, two medium sized freighters, two escort vessels and a large destroyer. After several approaches TULLIBEE was unable to see properly because of squally weather. The escorts did detect her and dropped 15 to 20 depth charges. TULLIBEE closed to 3,000 yards and fired two bow tubes blind. Shortly, a terrific concussion shook the boat and Kuykendall, who had been on the bridge, found himself struggling in the water. Since range and bearing of escorts were known, he stated that he was sure the explosion was the result of a circular run of one of TULLIBEE’s torpedoes. Seventy-nine brave submariners were lost with her that day. She was the twenty-ninth U.S. submarine loss of World War II. 1981 - USS GUARDFISH (SSN-612) touched ground while in the San Pedro Channel on the way to San Diego, CA. There were no personnel injuries and an onboard inspection revealed no hull or equipment damage. March 27 1898 - witnessing her official trials, Assistant Secretary of the Navy Theodore Roosevelt urged that the Navy purchase PCU HOLLAND (HOLLAND VI) (SS-1) but it was not until October 12, 1900 that she was formally commissioned USS HOLLAND at Newport. The Navy also ordered an additional six submarines on the same model. 1918 - PCU R-13 (SS-90) keel laid as R-13 at Fore River Shipbuilding Company, Quincy, MA. 1940 - PCU THRESHER (SS-200) launched at the Electric Boat Company, Groton, CT. 1945 - PCU RONCADOR (SS-301) commissioned USS RONCADOR (SS-301) at Cramp Shipbuilding Corporation, Philadelphia, PA. 1959 - USS GUAVINA (SS-362) second decommissioning, assigned to reserve training in the 5th Naval District. 1973 - USS SEA LEOPARD (SS-483) decommissioned and struck from the Naval Vessel Register. USS GREENLING (SSN-614) went below her safe diving depth while training about 250 miles northwest of because a needle on a depth guage stuck. The true depth was disclosed on another gauge before the submarine reached a depth that would have crushed her hull. On 30 March the submarine arrived at her homeport of Groton, CT. On 55

10 April GREENLING docked at Portsmouth Naval Shipyard, NH, for a thorough check. USS HAMMERHEAD (SSN-663), operating east of the Virginia Capes area at about 300 feet, struck a submerged object of unknown nature thought to be non-metallic, perhaps a whale. The impact was heavy enough to be heard and felt throughout the ship. There was no discernable damage. 2003 - USS TOLEDO (SSN-769) operated with USS Donald Cook (DDG-75). TOLEDO was among the first ships to launch Tomahawk Land Attack Missiles (TLAM) in support of Operation Iraqi Freedom. March 28 1918 - PCU R-12 (SS-89) keel laid as R-12 at Fore River Shipbuilding Company, Quincy, MA. 1919 - PCU R-4 (SS-81) commissioned USS R-4 at Fore River Shipbuilding Company, Quincy, MA. 1944 - PCU SEA DOG (SS-401) launched at Portsmouth Navy Yard, Kittery, ME. PCU SEA FOX (SS-402) launched at Portsmouth Navy Yard, Kittery, ME. 1945 - USS TRIGGER (SS-237) departed Guam on March 11, 1945 under the command of Cmdr. D.R. Connole and headed for the Nansei Shoto area to conduct her twelfth war patrol. She was to provide rescue services for carrier based aircraft, as well as carry out a normal offensive patrol. TRIGGER reported her first action on March 18th. She made a seventeen-hour end around on a convoy she had previously reported, then attacked. She sank one freighter and damaged another. The other two merchantmen of the convoy and four escorts proceeded west. There was a large Japanese restricted area west of the Nansei Shoto in the . Submarines were warned of its presence, given its position and were in the habit of proceeding around it to the north when patrolling there, suspecting mines. TRIGGER's convoy was heading for this restricted area. There had to be gaps in the mine lines, since the area was too big to be completely and effectively mined. ComSubPac told TRIGGER to give as much information as possible concerning the subsequent movements of the convoy, in order to help establish the existence of a safe passage through the restricted area; but TRIGGER couldn't regain a surface contact. On March 24th TRIGGER was ordered to join SEADOG and THREADFIN with Cmdr. E.T. Hydeman in SEADOG commanding "Earl’s Eliminators". SEADOG was unable to communicate with TRIGGER; to clarify, the wolf pack was disbanded. After many attempts to contact her by radio had failed, TRIGGER was ordered to proceed to Midway on April 4th. She failed to arrive by May 1, 1945 and was reported as presumed lost in enemy water on her twelfth patrol after a long and illustrious career. The Japanese report of an attack on the afternoon of March 28th states, “Detected a submarine over eight times and bombed it. Ships also detected it – depth charged. Found oil pool of 1 x 5 miles in size the following day.” It must be presumed that TRIGGER was lost in this action. TRIGGER is credited with one freighter sunk and another damaged on her final patrol. This made a total of 27 ships sunk (for 180,600 tons) and 13 ships damaged (for 102,900 tons) during the ship’s entire career. In her second patrol in the area south of Honshu, TRIGGER sent a freighter to the bottom and damaged two large tankers and a freighter. TRIGGER’s third patrol was a mining mission as well as an offensive patrol; it, too, was in the Japanese Empire. She saw a large freighter blow up and sink when it hit a mine she had laid and sank two freighters by torpedo attacks. Also, on January 10, 1943 TRIGGER torpedoed and sank the Japanese destroyer OKIKAZE near Honshu. TRIGGER covered the Palau-Wewak () traffic lanes on her fourth patrol and succeeded in sinking one freighter and damaging two more. Again in the area 56

south of Honshu, TRIGGER sank a large freighter and damaged an aircraft carrier and a tanker on her fifth patrol . Her sixth and seventh patrols were in the East China Sea. On her sixth she sank three good-sized tankers and a freighter, doing damage to another freighter. Her seventh resulted in the sinking of four good-sized freighters, one tanker, and one large transport. Her eighth patrol was made in the Carolines on the Truk-Guam route and she sank a large freighter-transport and an escort vessel. She sank four freighter-transports as well as a patrol vessel near Palau on her ninth patrol; she also damaged a large tanker, two freighters and a sampan. TRIGGER’s tenth patrol, as her last did, covered the Northern Nansei Shoto area. She received partial credit for sinking a small tanker, which was sunk cooperatively with SALMON. TRIGGER’s eleventh patrol was in the Empire, but resulted in disappointingly few enemy contacts and no attack opportunities. This ship was awarded the Presidential Unit Citation for her fifth, sixth and seventh patrols. Eighty-nine brave submariners were lost with her that day. She was the forty-eighth U.S. submarine loss of World War II. 1945 - PCUs (SS-545) to (SS-550) construction cancelled. These were the closing days of World War II and an American victory in the Pacific was virtually assured. Other hulls had already been cancelled. 1953 - USS BASHAW (SS-241) second commissioning. 1981 - PCU BREMERTON (SSN-698) commissioned USS BREMERTON (SSN-698) at the Electric Boat Division, General Dynamics Corporation, Groton, CT. 1985 - PCU HELENA (SSN-725) keel laid as HELENA at the Electric Boat Division, General Dynamics Corporation, Groton, CT. 1997 - Ex-PUFFER (SSN-652) disposition complete by Nuclear Powered Ship and Submarine Recycling Program (NPSSRP) at Puget Sound Naval Shipyard, Bremerton, WA. March 29 1943 - PCU PADDLE (SS-263) commissioned USS PADDLE (SS-263) at the Electric Boat Company, Groton, CT. 1944 - PCU COBIA (SS-245) commissioned USS COBIA (SS-245) at Electric Boat Company, Groton, CT. 1945 - PCU MACABI (SS-375) commissioned USS MACABI (SS-375) at Manitowoc Shipbuilding Company, Manitowoc, WI. PCU STICKLEBACK (SS-415) commissioned USS STICKLEBACK (SS-415) at Mare Island Navy Yard, Vallejo, CA. 1989 - USS WILL ROGERS (SSBN-659) onboard fire while deployed in the Atlantic. 1993 - Ex-JOHN MARSHALL (SSBN/SSN-611) disposition complete by Nuclear Powered Ship and Submarine Recycling Program (NPSSRP) at Puget Sound Naval Shipyard, Bremerton, WA. Ex-ULYSSES S. GRANT (SSBN-631) disposition complete by Nuclear Powered Ship and Submarine Recycling Program (NPSSRP) at Puget Sound Naval Shipyard, Bremerton, WA. March 30 1907 - PCU VIPER (later B-1) (SS-10) launched at Fore River Shipbuilding Company, Quincy, MA. PCU TARANTULA (later B-3) (SS-12) launched at Fore River Shipbuilding Company, Quincy, MA. 1911 - PCU TURBOT (later G-3) (SS-31) keel laid as TURBOT at Lake Torpedo Boat Company, Bridgeport, CT. 1944 - PCU CAIMAN (SS-323) launched at the Electric Boat Company, Groton, CT. 1948 - Ex-STURGEON (SS-187) struck from the Naval Vessel Register. 1957 - PCU SEAWOLF (SSN-575) commissioned USS SEAWOLF (SSN-575) at the Electric Boat 57

Division, General Dynamics Corporation, Groton, CT. 1968 - PCU PUFFER (SSN-652) launched at Ingalls Shipbuilding Corporation, Pascagoula, MS. 1998 - Ex-GEORGE BANCROFT (SSBN-643) disposition complete by Nuclear Powered Ship and Submarine Recycling Program (NPSSRP) at Puget Sound Naval Shipyard, Bremerton, WA. 2005 - USS LOS ANGELES (SSN-688) arrived at Apra Harbor, Guam, for a scheduled port visit. LOS ANGELES is homeported in Pearl Harbor, HI, and is currently deployed in support of the Global War on Terrorism. 2006 - USS TUCSON (SSN-770) arrived at Commander, Fleet Activities, Yokosuka, Japan. TUCSON had recently departed on a six-month Western Pacific deployment from her homeport of Pearl Harbor, HI. March 31 1862 - CSS Pioneer, the first confederate submarine, was commissioned in as a privateer. Pioneer most likely was scuttled just before the capture of New Orleans by Union troops. 1923 - PCU S-43 (SS-154) launched at Bethlehem Shipbuilding Corporation, Quincy, MA. 1925 - PCU S-45 (SS-156) commissioned USS S-45 (SS-156) at Bethlehem Shipbuilding Corporation, Quincy, MA. 1931 - Ex-S-49 (SS-160) struck from the Naval Vessel Register; sold for scrapping in 1935. Ex-S-50 (SS-161) struck from the Naval Vessel Register; sold for scrapping in 1936. 1941 - PCU MACKEREL (SS-204) commissioned USS MACKEREL (SS-204) at the Electric Boat Company, Groton, CT. PCU HADDOCK (SS-231) keel laid as HADDOCK at Portsmouth Naval Shipyard, Kittery, ME. 1942 - PCU DEVILFISH (SS-292) keel laid as DEVILFISH at Cramp Shipbuilding Company, Philadelphia, PA. 1943 - PCU SEAHORSE (SS-304) commissioned USS SEAHORSE (SS-304) at Mare Island Navy Yard, Vallejo, CA. 1945 - PCU DIABLO (SS-479) commissioned USS DIABLO (SS-479) at Portsmouth Navy Yard, Kittery, ME. 1952 - PCU TRIGGER (SS-564) commissioned USS TRIGGER (SS-564) at the Electric Boat Company, Groton, CT. 1960 - USS PERCH (SS-313) second decommissioning at Mare Island Naval Shipyard, Vallejo, CA. PCU SCULPIN (SSN-590) launched at Ingalls Shipbuilding Company, Pascagoula, MS. 1967 - PCU JACK (SSN-605) commissioned USS JACK (SSN-605) at Portsmouth Naval Shipyard, Kittery, ME. 1971 - the New York Times reported that a U.S. Navy Sturgeon-class nuclear-powered attack submarine collided with a Soviet submarine 17 nautical miles off the coast of the Soviet Union while on a secret reconnaissance mission as part of the "Holystone" submarine intelligence gathering operation. 1981 - PCU OLYMPIA (SSN-717) keel laid as OLYMPIA at Newport News Shipbuilding and Drydock Company, Newport News, VA. 1998 - Ex-GRAYLING (SSN-646) disposition complete by Nuclear Powered Ship and Submarine Recycling Program (NPSSRP) at Puget Sound Naval Shipyard, Bremerton, WA. 1999 - USS NORFOLK (SSN-714) was deployed in support of the NATO-led Operation Allied Force in Yugoslavia..

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Intelligent Whale 381 Sea Girt Ave Sea Girt, NJ Phone: 732-974-5966 http://www.history.navy.mil/danfs/i2/intellig.htm

Submarine Memorial VFW Post 491 9 Fisher Pl. Yardville, NJ

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Submariners Eternal Patrol Memorial Brigadier General William C. Doyle Veterans Memorial Cemetery 305 Jacobstown Arneytown Rd. Wrightstown, NJ Phone: 609-758-7250 http://www.ussvi.org/mem/state-nj.htm

Toms River Submarine Memorial Three Gazebos South Toms River, NJ http://www.ussvi.org/mem/state-nj.htm

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John Phillip Holland and the USS Holland SS-1 Holy Sepulchre Cemetery 52 Totowa Road Totowa, NJ http://www.geocities.com/pentagon/barracks/1401/

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April 2014 Sunday Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday 1 2 3 4 5 USS Pickerel (SS-177) in 1943

6 7 8 9 10 11 12 John Nesbitt USS Snook Stoney Hilton USS Thresher (SS-279) in 1945 (SSN-593) in 1963

13 14 15 16 17 18 19 Base Meeting at the USS Gudgeon Flight Deck: (SS-211) in 1944 1800 Social 1900 Dinner

20 21 22 23 24 25 26 USS Grenadier (SS-210) in 1943

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A church in Kyoto, Japan calls its congregation to worship with a bell from a submarine. The bell, from the submarine USS RAY was purchased for the church, and was transported to Yokosuka, Japan by another submarine, the USS RONQUIL.

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