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HERITAGE STATEMENT February 2021

Address: 604 Adams Hill Applicant: M H Butt Proposal: Erection of rear extension to create annexe to existing dwelling

Zenith Planning and Design 38 Greenhills Road Eastwood Nottingham NG16 3DG Alison Dudley Dip. Town Planning Tel 01773 770553 email [email protected]

CONTENTS

Introduction Legislative Background Policy Background Statutory Designations Site Description and Context Historical Background and Assessment of Significance of Heritage Assets including Statutory Designations Description of Proposal and Impact of the Proposed Works on the significance of any Heritage Assets and the Conservation Area Conclusion

Appendix 1 – Historic Maps Appendix 2 – Listing Description for Park and the boundary wall on Adams Hill

Zenith Planning and Design 38 Greenhills Road Eastwood Nottingham NG16 3DG Alison Dudley Dip. Town Planning Tel 01773 770553 email [email protected] Introduction

This Heritage Asset Statement has been prepared on behalf of Mr Butt to inform and support proposals for the erection of an extension to 604 Adams Hill, Road which lies within the Wollaton Park Conservation Area. The report seeks to identify the significance of the existing building as a heritage asset and to assess the likely impact of the proposed development.

Legislative Background

The primary legislation relating to historic buildings and conservation areas is the Planning (Listed Buildings and Conservation Areas) Act 1990. This requires Councils to have special regard to the desirability of preserving a listed building or its setting or any features of special architectural or historic interest which it possesses (sections 16 & 66) and to pay special attention to the desirability of preserving or enhancing the character or appearance of conservation areas (section 72).

Policy Background

National Planning Policy The NPPF states in paragraph I89

“In determining applications, local planning authorities should require an applicant to describe the significance of any heritage assets affected, including any contribution made by their setting. The level of detail should be proportionate to the assets’ importance and no more than is sufficient to understand the potential impact of the proposal on their significance. As a minimum the relevant historic environment record should have been consulted and the heritage assets assessed using appropriate expertise where necessary. Where a site on which development is proposed includes, or has the potential to include, heritage assets with archaeological interest, local planning authorities should require developers to submit an appropriate desk-based assessment and, where necessary, a field evaluation” and in paragraph 197

Zenith Planning and Design 38 Greenhills Road Eastwood Nottingham NG16 3DG Alison Dudley Dip. Town Planning Tel 01773 770553 email [email protected]

“The effect of an application on the significance of a non-designated heritage asset should be taken into account in determining the application. In weighing applications that directly or indirectly affect non-designated heritage assets, a balanced judgement will be required having regard to the scale of any harm or loss and the significance of the heritage asset”.

604 Adams Hill is not a listed building, nor has it been included on the LA’s Local Interest List. In fact, none of the houses within the Conservation Area have been included on the Local Interest List to date.

Local Planning Policy

The adopted Local Plan comprises the Greater Nottingham Aligned Core Strategy adopted September 2014 and the Local Plan Part 2 – the LAPP- adopted January 2019.

Aligned Core Strategy

The relevant policies relating to heritage assets are :-

Policy 10 Design and Enhancing Local Identity which states that all new development should be designed to

a) Make a positive contribution to the public realm and sense of place

b) Create an attractive , safe, inclusive and healthy environment

c) Reinforce valued local characteristics

d) Be adaptable to meet evolving demands and the effects of climate change, and

e) Reflect the need to reduce the dominance of motor vehicles.

The policy identifies a number of elements which will be assessed in any development including density; massing, scale and proportion; materials, architectural style and detailing; impact on the amenity of nearby residents or occupiers; the promotion of safer living environments; impact on important views / vistas / townscape and the potential to create new views; and the setting of heritage assets.

Zenith Planning and Design 38 Greenhills Road Eastwood Nottingham NG16 3DG Alison Dudley Dip. Town Planning Tel 01773 770553 email [email protected] Policy 11 Historic Environment which states that proposals will be supported where the historic environment and heritage assets and their settings are conserved and/or enhanced in line with their interest and significance.

Local Plan Part 2 (LAPP) January 2019

Policy HE1: Proposals Affecting Designated and Non-Designated Heritage Assets 1. Development proposals affecting heritage assets and/or their settings will be supported where they conserve or enhance the historic environment in line with their interest and significance.

2. Where proposals could affect a heritage asset and/or its setting, the applicant will be expected to describe the asset’s significance (including the contribution made by its setting) in a proportionate level of detail to the asset’s significance that allows the impact of the proposals on its significance to be sufficiently understood.

Designated Heritage Assets 3. Planning permission will be refused where development proposals lead to substantial harm to or total loss of significance of a designated heritage asset, unless it can be demonstrated that the substantial harm or loss* is necessary to achieve substantial public benefits that outweigh that harm or loss, or all of the following apply: a) no viable use of the heritage asset itself can be found in the medium term through appropriate marketing that will enable its conservation; and b) the nature of the heritage asset prevents all reasonable uses of the site; and c) conservation by grant-funding or some form of charitable or public ownership is demonstrably not possible; and d) the harm or loss is outweighed by the benefit of bringing the site back into use.

(*substantial harm or loss to Grade II listed buildings or Grade II registered parks or gardens should be exceptional and wholly exceptional to assets of the highest significance). 4. Where a development proposal would result in less than substantial harm, permission will only be granted where the public benefits, including securing its optimum viable use, outweigh the harm.

Zenith Planning and Design 38 Greenhills Road Eastwood Nottingham NG16 3DG Alison Dudley Dip. Town Planning Tel 01773 770553 email [email protected] Non-Designated Heritage Assets 5. Where development affects a non-designated heritage asset or would result in its demolition or loss, a balanced judgment on the acceptability of the proposal will be made, having regard to the scale of any harm (substantial or less than substantial) or loss and the significance of the heritage asset. All Heritage Assets 6. Proposals affecting any heritage asset and/or its setting will be considered against the following criteria, where relevant: a) the significance of the asset; b) whether the proposals would be sympathetic to the character and appearance of the asset and any feature of special historic, architectural, artistic and archaeological interest that it possesses; c) whether the proposals would preserve and, where possible, enhance the character or appearance of a heritage asset by virtue of siting, scale, urban grain, building form, massing, height, materials and quality of detail; d) whether the proposals would respect their relationship with the historic street pattern, topography, urban spaces, gardens, landscape, views and landmarks; e) whether the proposals would demonstrate high standards of design appropriate to the historic environment; f) whether the proposals would contribute to the long-term maintenance and management of the asset; g) whether the proposals would appropriately provide for ‘in-situ’ preservation, or investigation and recording of archaeology, based upon significance; h) whether the proposals would bring a vacant heritage asset back into use and to what degree the proposed use would be viable and compatible with the significance of the asset; and i) whether it can be demonstrated that the new development will proceed after the loss has occurred.

Site Description and Context

The application relates to a site of 970 sq metres on the north side of Adams Hill, which is a quiet cul- de- sac running parallel to Derby Road to the west of the junction with Middleton Boulevard. The site contains a two-storey detached house believed to date from just before

Zenith Planning and Design 38 Greenhills Road Eastwood Nottingham NG16 3DG Alison Dudley Dip. Town Planning Tel 01773 770553 email [email protected] the Second World War. The historic grounds of Wollaton Park lie to the west and north of the houses on Adams Hill and the golf course lies immediately to the rear of 604. The houses on each side of 604 are two of the finest houses within the Conservation Area and are slightly earlier in date.

604 Adams Hill

Historical Background and Assessment of Significance including Statutory Designations

The property lies within the Wollaton Park Conservation Area. The focus of the Conservation Area is the Grade I listed Elizabethan Wollaton Hall and the historic park surrounding the Hall which is listed as Grade II* on the Register of Historic Parks and Gardens and which also includes a number of individually listed structures. The small pocket of houses comprising Adams Hill, Oundle Drive, Coombe Close, Balden Close and Lanark Close which lie to the south east of the Park were added into the Conservation Area about 20 years ago.

Zenith Planning and Design 38 Greenhills Road Eastwood Nottingham NG16 3DG Alison Dudley Dip. Town Planning Tel 01773 770553 email [email protected] Although there is a Management Plan for the Hall and Park which was produced c.2002, there is no published Character Appraisal or Management Plan covering the residential part of the Conservation Area.

Wollaton Hall and Park The park was first enclosed for deer and wild white cattle by the owners of the surrounding manors of Wollaton and Cossall, the Willoughby family, between 1492 and 1510. Wollaton Hall was built for the Willoughbys between 1580 and 1588 and remained in the same family until 1925 when it was sold to Nottingham Corporation to settle death duties incurred by them. Many alterations and improvements were undertaken to the Park over the years including the planting of tree avenues in the early 18th century and the construction of a park wall in1720. The grounds were extensively renovated and extended eastwards to the newly built and a number of buildings erected in the early 19th century with the architect Jeffry Wyatt being responsible for most of this work including the erection of Lenton Lodge on Derby Road (near the junction with Triumph Road) which was formerly known as Nottingham Lodge, and Beeston Lodge on Derby Road opposite the University.

Having acquired the whole estate from the Willoughbys in 1925, the land which now forms this part of the Conservation Area was then sold off by the Corporation in 1926 for private housebuilders to develop, and during the late 1920’s and 1930’s large detached houses of individual design were erected on generous sized plots. ( see historic maps of the area in the Appendix to this Statement )

Zenith Planning and Design 38 Greenhills Road Eastwood Nottingham NG16 3DG Alison Dudley Dip. Town Planning Tel 01773 770553 email [email protected]

The main approach to the Hall from the east immediately prior to 1926 was via the Grade II* listed Lenton Lodge on Derby Road and the driveway ran immediately to the north of where this group of houses now stand. Many of the properties still back directly onto the Park. Most of the original boundary wall to the Park survives, including a length of wall which lies to the front of the houses on Adams Hill on a narrow strip of amenity land between Adams Hill and Derby Road. The wall is a Grade II listed structure and the listing description refers to it as being late 18th and 19th century restored and altered in the late 20th century ( see appendix for listing description for remains of park wall between Adams Hill and Middleton Boulevard).

Listed park boundary wall to Derby Road

The entrance to the Park post 1926 from Middleton Boulevard via Lime Tree Avenue is also listed and runs to the north of the houses on Oundle Drive. Lime Tree Avenue was first planted c1700 and now bisects the golf course which was laid out in the 1920’s in the south and east of the grounds. The closest Park structure to the application site other than the remnant of the boundary wall, is the golf clubhouse but this dates from the 1920’s and is not a listed building. The Park contains a number of plantations including Arbour Hill which dates originally from the 16th century and was replanted in the mid 19th century and lies immediately to the west of the head of Adams Hill.

Other than the buildings and structures within Wollaton Park, there are no Listed Buildings within this part of the Conservation Area. The closest Listed Building outside the Conservation Area is the Grade II listed Lenton Firs Lodge which dates from about 1830 and now lies on the opposite side of Derby Road within the grounds of the .

Zenith Planning and Design 38 Greenhills Road Eastwood Nottingham NG16 3DG Alison Dudley Dip. Town Planning Tel 01773 770553 email [email protected]

The western end of Adams Hill contains the best examples of architecture of the period including Stanstead House at 602 Adams Hill.

Stanstead House

Many of these properties are built in the Arts and Crafts style which was popular during the period, although The Rainbow at 608 Adams Hill was unusual in being designed in an art deco style. This latter house was demolished following the grant of planning permission for its replacement in 2013. Number 604 is more Lutyenesque in form but with some art deco detailing such as the chimneys. The original windows have been replaced with modern uPVC windows which has diminished the character of the original building.

The houses on Adams Hill are mostly well screened from the road with high walls and fences and dense planting along the front boundaries. Houses are generally glimpsed through the canopy of trees or through the gaps created by gateways. 604 has a stone wall about 1 metre high with a tall hedge behind which screens the house from view from the street.

Zenith Planning and Design 38 Greenhills Road Eastwood Nottingham NG16 3DG Alison Dudley Dip. Town Planning Tel 01773 770553 email [email protected]

604 Adams Hill

The gardens of the houses contain many mature trees some of which are protected by Tree Preservation Orders and the sylvan nature of the area is one of the key characteristics of the Conservation Area. 604 has trees on the boundary with 606 and a group of trees in the rear garden, Houses are mainly two storeys in height, although some have large roof structures with accommodation in the roofspace. They generally sit within the centre of the plot with equal sized front and rear gardens and typically take up the whole width of the plot, although this is not true of 604 Adams Hill which has a flat lawned garden to the side which may well have originally been a tennis court.

Wollaton Hall and Park are of national heritage significance and this is reflected in the various Grade I, and Grade II* listings associated with the Hall and grounds. The Hall and Park make up most of the Wollaton Park Conservation Area, and, as explained, above the part of the Conservation Area containing the early 20th houses was only recently added to the Conservation Area as a result of pressure for the replacement of individual houses with more intensive housing developments which would not have been in character with the area. Although there is a historic link between the two parts of the Conservation Area because the land was formerly part of the Park, there is no historical connection between any of the houses and the Hall and the character of the two parts is completely different. Other than the Park boundary wall on the south side of Adams Hill and some of the mature trees within gardens there are no historic features associated with the Hall within the residential area.

Zenith Planning and Design 38 Greenhills Road Eastwood Nottingham NG16 3DG Alison Dudley Dip. Town Planning Tel 01773 770553 email [email protected] Nevertheless, the area is of heritage significance as an example of a relatively unspoilt pocket of 1930’s residential development which includes some fine individual examples of houses of an exceptionally high architectural quality, set within large mature gardens and the area is certainly unique in terms of residential development within Nottingham. Since the designation as a conservation area circa 2006, planning permission has been granted for the demolition of two houses, 608 (The Rainbow House) and 612 Adams Hill / Derby Road and their replacement with a new house on each plot and for a new house on an infill plot between 578 and 582 Adams Hill.

Replacement dwelling at 612 Derby Road / Adams Hill

New dwelling on infill plot at 580 Adams Hill

Zenith Planning and Design 38 Greenhills Road Eastwood Nottingham NG16 3DG Alison Dudley Dip. Town Planning Tel 01773 770553 email [email protected] None of the houses on Adams Hill are listed or included on the Local Interest List There are examples of houses which might be considered for inclusion on the Local Interest List but it is unlikely that 604 would be considered a suitable candidate.

Historic have produced Advice Note 7 Local Heritage Listing : Identifying and Conserving Local Heritage (January 2021) which includes guidance on the criteria to be applied when assessing whether buildings should be given Local Heritage listing status. The Note suggests that buildings should be considered under the following headings :- Asset Type The application relates to a two storey dwelling Age The dwelling is relatively modern dating from the 1930’s Rarity Although this is an individual architect designed house, there are other similar properties of this age and style in Nottingham which are of more interest. Architectural or Artistic Interest The building does not have any particular architectural qualities that would justify inclusion on the local interest list Group Value There is no clear visual or historic connection with adjacent properties other than that they were built at a similar time and share a characteristic of being large detached dwellings set within large gardens Archaeological Interest Although the site at one time lay within the grounds of Wollaton Hall, historic plans give no indication that there were ever buildings or structures associated with the Hall in this part of the grounds that would suggest that the site would be of archaeological interest. Historic Interest There are no known connections to persons of local interest or local architects of repute Landmark Status. The building does not have any known strong communal or historical associations. Nor does it have an especially striking aesthetic value which would single it out as a landmark within the local scene.

Zenith Planning and Design 38 Greenhills Road Eastwood Nottingham NG16 3DG Alison Dudley Dip. Town Planning Tel 01773 770553 email [email protected] In conclusion the building does not meet the criteria for inclusion on the Local Interest list, however it does make an important contribution to the character and appearance of the Conservation Area and the proposed development should be considered in the context of whether it would preserve or enhance the character and appearance of the Conservation Area or impact on the setting of any listed buildings.

Description of Proposal and Impact on the Heritage Significance of any designated Heritage assets and the Wollaton Park Conservation Area.

The proposed development relates to the erection of a two-storey extension to the rear of the existing dwelling, replacing the existing single storey extension. The extension is to be occupied as an annexe to the main house by the applicant who currently shares the house with his extended multi-generational family. The existing house has some heritage significance in that it dates from the 1930’s and is therefore one of the original houses in the Conservation Area. The proposed extension has been designed to complement the existing house. Despite the loss of the important original windows the existing house has retained its original strong character, one which is redolent of the post Great War merging of mild-mannered Art-Deco with the vernacular forms so loved by Sir Edwin Lutyens and his Arts and Crafts contemporaries. It is perhaps the roof forms that are most like Lutyens. The diminishing slates, steeply pitched at over 50 degrees, the sprocketed eaves, long raking pitches and exaggerated overhanging soffits with wide soffits all give the house its character and quality. The extension deliberately chooses the same roof forms and slate finish to keep the look going from old to new. To differentiate old from new the extension has an elevational style that is a more contemporary version of the Arts and Crafts, with long runs of vertical mullioned windows and sliding folding doors and with vertical slate hanging to gable ends and bays.

Zenith Planning and Design 38 Greenhills Road Eastwood Nottingham NG16 3DG Alison Dudley Dip. Town Planning Tel 01773 770553 email [email protected]

The extension projects beyond the side wall of the house but because it is set back behind the rear elevation it will not be prominent in the street scene and will have little impact on the appearance of the Conservation Area when viewed from the street. It will be more visible when viewed from within the golf course within Wollaton Park. The house is well screened by trees at the moment but some of these will be removed to allow the construction of the extension which will open up views of the rear elevation. Nevertheless, the extension is of an attractive design which is in keeping with the Conservation Area and will not be detrimental to its character or appearance. With regard to the impact of the proposal on the setting of listed buildings in the Conservation Area, the development will have no impact on the setting of the Grade I listed Wollaton Hall which is about 1200 metres away (0.7 miles) and which cannot be seen from the application site or on the setting of the Grade II listed Park boundary wall at the front of the property.

Conclusion

The proposal relates to the extension of an un-listed building within the Wollaton Park Conservation Area. The existing building makes a positive contribution to the character and appearance of the Conservation Area, and the extension has been carefully designed to

Zenith Planning and Design 38 Greenhills Road Eastwood Nottingham NG16 3DG Alison Dudley Dip. Town Planning Tel 01773 770553 email [email protected] ensure that it is in keeping with the style of the building and will preserve the character and appearance of the Conservation Area. Whilst the extension is large, because it is sited at the rear it will not reduce the gap between the houses which is an important defining factor in the character of the Conservation Area, and will not overwhelm the original house, or appear overly dominant when viewed from Wollaton Park or from Adams Hill. There will be no impact on the setting of any listed buildings.

Zenith Planning and Design 38 Greenhills Road Eastwood Nottingham NG16 3DG Alison Dudley Dip. Town Planning Tel 01773 770553 email [email protected] APPENDIX 1

1920 MAP BEFORE SALE AND DEVELOPMENT OF SE CORNER OF PARK

Zenith Planning and Design 38 Greenhills Road Eastwood Nottingham NG16 3DG Alison Dudley Dip. Town Planning Tel 01773 770553 email [email protected]

OS MAP c 1938 SHOWING EARLY DVELOPMENT OF LAND SOLD TO NOTTINGHAM CORPORATION -THE YET TO BE DEVELOPED SITE OF 604 ADAMS HILL IS IDENTIFIED BY THE RED DOT

Zenith Planning and Design 38 Greenhills Road Eastwood Nottingham NG16 3DG Alison Dudley Dip. Town Planning Tel 01773 770553 email [email protected] APPENDIX 2 WOLLATON HALL

List Entry Summary

This garden or other land is registered under the Historic Buildings and Ancient Monuments Act 1953 within the Register of Historic Parks and Gardens by English Heritage for its special historic interest.

Name: WOLLATON HALL

List entry Number: 1000344

Location

The garden or other land may lie within the boundary of more than one authority.

County:

District: City of Nottingham

District Type: Unitary Authority

Parish:

National Park: Not applicable to this List entry.

Grade: II*

Date first registered: 01-Jan-1986

Date of most recent amendment: Not applicable to this List entry.

Legacy System Information

The contents of this record have been generated from a legacy data system.

Legacy System: Parks and Gardens

UID: 1290

Zenith Planning and Design 38 Greenhills Road Eastwood Nottingham NG16 3DG Alison Dudley Dip. Town Planning Tel 01773 770553 email [email protected] Asset Groupings

This list entry does not comprise part of an Asset Grouping. Asset Groupings are not part of the official record but are added later for information.

List entry Description

Summary of Garden

Legacy Record - This information may be included in the List Entry Details.

Reasons for Designation

Legacy Record - This information may be included in the List Entry Details.

History

Legacy Record - This information may be included in the List Entry Details.

Details An early C16 deer park, developed into a landscape park in the late C18. In the centre, the C16 Hall is set within formal gardens and pleasure grounds of C16, C17, C18 and C19 date. The site has been a public park since 1926.

HISTORIC DEVELOPMENT

The early C14 manors of Wollaton and Cossall were acquired by judicious marriages by the Willoughby family and the park was enclosed for deer and wild white cattle between 1492 and 1510. The Willoughbys, who descended from a successful merchant Ralph Bugge (d 1240) had made their main residence at Middleton, Warwickshire but when Henry Willoughby (c 1451-1528) exploited the coal reserves at Wollaton, he made what is now Wollaton Old Hall, near the church in Wollaton village, his chief residence.

Henry's great grandson Francis Willoughby (1547-96) became heir to the estates at

Zenith Planning and Design 38 Greenhills Road Eastwood Nottingham NG16 3DG Alison Dudley Dip. Town Planning Tel 01773 770553 email [email protected] the age of twelve in 1559 when his brother, Thomas, died. He commissioned as his builder and 'architector' (Pevsner and Williamson 1979) to build Wollaton Hall. Built between 1580 and 1588, it is considered to be the most important Elizabethan house in Nottinghamshire and one of the most important in England (Pevsner and Williamson 1979). The Hall was passed to Francis Willoughby's daughter Bridget who married her cousin Percival Willoughby (d 1643), but fell into disuse until their grandson, Sir Francis (1648-88) created Baronet in 1677, inherited aged nineteen and took his brother, Thomas (d 1742) and sister, Cassandra (1670-1735) to live there. Sir Thomas succeeded in 1688 and was made the first in 1712. Alterations were made to the Hall in this period and the gardens were greatly enlarged and avenues planted across the park. In 1720 a park wall was built with the effect of reducing the impact of the long avenues, although these were not removed.

A large number of garden and park buildings were built in the latter half of the C18 and early years of the C19, by the 5th and 6th Lords Middleton, and considerable expense was lavished on improvements to the park. The architect Jeffry Wyatt (later Wyattville) was called in by the 6th Lord Middleton in three periods, 1801-05, 1823, and again in 1832. His work involved both the renovation and extension of the Hall and the design of garden and park buildings.

During the early years of the Napoleonic wars, the 6th Lord Middleton had a pre- occupation with defending his property and supported a militia of his own Volunteers. Building work of around this time was typically defensive in design. Nottingham Lodge , for example, built in 1823, had internal security features and a fire proof construction. In 1831 there were riots in Nottingham during the progress of the Reform Bill and various local landed estates, including among them Wollaton, were attacked by rioters. This appears to have added to the 6th Lord Middleton's fears and he commissioned the construction of Beeston Lodge, fully

Zenith Planning and Design 38 Greenhills Road Eastwood Nottingham NG16 3DG Alison Dudley Dip. Town Planning Tel 01773 770553 email [email protected] fireproof and secure, in 1832.

After the 6th Lord Middleton's death in 1835, the estate was handed down to Digby, 7th Lord Middleton, who planted additional avenues of oak and lime. After his death in 1856, the family did not return to the estate and, in 1867, it was leased to Henry Ackroyd Esq. Extensive works were nevertheless carried out within and around the walled Nursery garden with the construction of plant houses including a Musa house, Pine house, Melon house, Cucumber houses and vineries. The Inventory produced for the lease to Henry Ackroyd showed a prolific number of exotic plants being grown.

The 11th Lord Middleton (d 1970), due to double death duties incurred by the deaths of his father and uncle after the First World War, sold the estate to the Corporation of Nottingham in 1924-25. The 801 acre (c 334ha) estate was made up of 744 acres (310ha) of the Hall and Park and 57 acres (c 24ha) of garden allotments. The Corporation sold off 274 acres (c 114ha) for housing development, the remainder being set aside as a public park with 139 acres (c 58) for use as a golf course. From 1940 for almost fifteen years the northern area of the park was used for military purposes, first to accommodate US troops, then, from 1945 onwards, German Prisoners of War.

The site remains in local authority ownership.

DESCRIPTION

LOCATION, AREA, BOUNDARIES, LANDFORM, SETTING Wollaton Hall and its surrounding park, comprising 203ha, is located on the west side of the City of Nottingham. The northern boundary of the site in part follows Wollaton Road, with the Derby Road (A52) following part of the southern boundary. The western

Zenith Planning and Design 38 Greenhills Road Eastwood Nottingham NG16 3DG Alison Dudley Dip. Town Planning Tel 01773 770553 email [email protected] boundary is represented by the park wall beyond which are houses and their back gardens running along Parkside. The eastern boundary abuts housing built after 1926 on land which was formerly within the park.

Wollaton Hall is built on a hill, the ground sloping down steeply to the north with a more gradual slope to the west and with the gentlest slopes to the south and east. The other notable landform is Arbour Hill to the south-east.

The park is now enclosed largely by housing development, with the University of Nottingham campus to the south of Derby Road.

ENTRANCES AND APPROACHES The two main park gates lie to the north of the Hall adjacent to lodges, Lodge No.1 and Lodge No.2, on Wollaton Road. From each leads a straight drive, the two drives being parallel and the northern section of that from Lodge No.1 following a row of oaks planted in the late C18. The approach from the east, from the two sets of formal gateways (erected in 1926, listed grade II) which stand on Middleton Boulevard, and along the eastern half of Lime Tree Avenue, now serves a golf club. These are the main historic entrances with a fourth, a pedestrian gate, 700m south-east of the Hall on Derby Road at the crenellated, Gothick-style Beeston Lodge (Jeffry Wyatt, 1823, listed grade II). From the latter a footpath leads west to the lake before turning north to reach a C20 gate into the pleasure grounds; formerly this approach crossed the present golf course. There are an additional five gated entrances to the park, all inserted since 1926.

The main approach to the Hall prior to 1926 was that to the east, from Nottingham Lodge (now Lenton Lodge), built in 1823 by Jeffry Wyatt, which stands on the far side of the inner ring road (outside the present park boundary). Before the construction of Nottingham Lodge, the main entrance appears to have been from the south-east near Beeston Lodge.

Zenith Planning and Design 38 Greenhills Road Eastwood Nottingham NG16 3DG Alison Dudley Dip. Town Planning Tel 01773 770553 email [email protected]

PRINCIPAL BUILDING Wollaton Hall (listed grade I), built of Ancaster stone, is made up of a central hall of three storeys, topped by a prospect room with three-storey corner towers. It was built for Sir Francis Willoughby by Robert Smythson (1535- 1614). An inscription on the exterior of the Hall translates as 'Behold this house of Sir Francis Willoughby built with rare art and bequeathed to Willoughbys. Begun in 1580 and finished 1588' (CL 1900). The Hall was altered in the late C17 by Sir Francis Willoughby, his brother Thomas, Baron Middleton, and his sister Cassandra. The 6th Lord Middleton in the early C19 commissioned from Jeffry Wyatt many alterations including a new servants' wing in 1823, those to the exterior of the Hall, however, being minor.

The stables and service range (listed grade II) stand 100m to the west of the Hall. The formal classical quadrangle was built in 1743, this being extended with service buildings, stabling and pavilions in 1774, and extended again in 1829 with an indoor Riding School. The buildings are mainly red brick with an ashlar sandstone formal south facade, with portico. They were extended in 1972-74 with steel and glass buildings to house machinery for the Industrial Museum which first opened in 1970. The stables also contain a shop, offices, flat and a gallery (opened 1996).

GARDENS AND PLEASURE GARDENS The pleasure grounds are set within a brick ha- ha dating from 1788, which wraps round the Hall to the south and east. From the south front of the Hall steps lead onto a terrace comprising a lawn set around a circular pond, with a terrace walk and brick retaining wall to the south-east surmounted by a long balustrade (listed grade II). Balusters from the C17 balustrade are mixed with C19 and C20 replacements. The circular pond is designed with an integral lead fountain and is illustrated in views of the garden dating from the end of the C17/early C18 (Jan Siberechts 1695, Kip and Knyff 1707). The terraced brick retaining wall is a late C18 reconstruction of the C17 wall, also shown

Zenith Planning and Design 38 Greenhills Road Eastwood Nottingham NG16 3DG Alison Dudley Dip. Town Planning Tel 01773 770553 email [email protected] in late C17/early C18 illustrations, which was itself on the line of the late C16 Smythson wall. Pairs of Mannerist-style statues are set on the lawn on either side of the central path. These, fibreglass replicas of the original stone statues, now housed within the Camellia House, represent the Roman gods Neptune, Flora, Venus with Cupid, and Bacchus, and appear to be illustrated in the Siberechts paintings.

Below the top terrace is the lower terrace comprising lawns with a large grove of cedars, Cedar of Lebanon being the first planted group, supplemented in the mid C19 with Atlantic cedar. Most of the other exotic trees here have been added since 1925. To the south-west is the Camellia House (probably designed by Wyatt; listed grade II*) constructed in 1823. This is a pre-fabricated cast-iron structure (reputedly the first ever cast-iron glasshouse) with copper glazing bars and unique heating system designed by Harrison of Derby, which takes rainwater from the fluted cast-iron supporting columns which serve the piped heating system. Bronze floor vents provide an humidifying effect. To the rear of the Camellia House is its boiler house. To the south of the Camellia House are flower beds and shrubs planted much as illustrated in County Life photographs of 1900. East of the Cedar Grove is a circular sensory garden, laid out in 1994, which is probably on the site of the Rosary also illustrated in Country Life.

The brick ha-ha surrounds the pleasure garden on three sides (north-east, south- east and south-west). At the centre of the south-east side, on axis with the formal garden, is a projecting semi-circular bastion. A bridge crosses the ha-ha from a door in the Doric Temple (listed grade II*), also known as the French Hovel, which stands at the edge of the pleasure grounds, 200m south-east of the Hall. The front of the Temple has an open loggia with Doric columns and was designed to display eight oval stone panels. The main construction of the building dates from c 1800 although it contains recycled elements from other sources: the columns and

Zenith Planning and Design 38 Greenhills Road Eastwood Nottingham NG16 3DG Alison Dudley Dip. Town Planning Tel 01773 770553 email [email protected] pilasters may be part of the late C17 Orangery and the stone wall plaques, incorporating themes from classical mythology, may be from an earlier C17 building.

The grounds to the east of the Hall are mainly laid to lawn with a pronounced embankment leading up to the east elevation which contains a former doorway. A large quantity of soil was removed from this area when the ha-ha was constructed and the ground was levelled to create the platform around the Hall to the north, south and east. The C17 illustrations show a large change in level between the east and south side of the Hall.

On the north front of the Hall an oval drive replaces the C17 walled enclosure. A single-storey stone gazebo (c 1800, listed grade II) with a lead coped parapet is located 50m north of the Hall. This appears to have been augmented, c 1823, with a water tank, hidden by a raised parapet, to provide a water supply for the water trough and lion's head fountain also of c 1823, which are situated in the retaining wall to the west. East of the gazebo is an early C19 icehouse (1826, listed grade II).

The raised terrace to the south of the Hall with central pond, roughly corresponds to the design shown in the 'platt' or plan of the Hall and garden by Robert Smythson (Girouard 1983). John Smythson in a design dated 1618, for Sir Percival Willoughby, for the 'Newe Orchard', shows the terrace to the south of the Hall already present and a proposed raised mount copying the plan of the house, planted with box, below. This was constructed, for Cassandra Willoughby describes its removal in her diaries of the late C17. From 1687 into the early C18, Sir Francis, Thomas and Cassandra Willoughby made many improvements to the house and garden. The gardens to the north-east side of the house were extended as a D- shaped bowling green edged by a brick wall and railings within which were several curved terraces with rows of lime trees (Siberechts paintings of the 1690s). The

Zenith Planning and Design 38 Greenhills Road Eastwood Nottingham NG16 3DG Alison Dudley Dip. Town Planning Tel 01773 770553 email [email protected] outline of the bowling green and the remnants of a row of lime trees survive outside the present line of the ha-ha. Cassandra referred to reforming the gardens with the advice of Mr Pratt, formerly of the Chelsea Physic Garden (qv) (Chandos 1911). Jan Siberechts, commissioned by Sir Thomas Willoughby, painted three versions of Wollaton Hall in 1695, 1697 and c 1697, two of which were similar bird's eye views but showing slight differences. These illustrate the terrace and central fountain, parterres to the east with a brick walled orangery, bowling green, and two-storey gazebo. In one view the lower terrace is laid out with parterres, on the other, orchards. In 1788 the formal bowling green and wall were levelled and replaced by the present haha separating the Hall from the park. The garden was subsequently planted with the grove of Cedar of Lebanon and embellished with structures including the Doric temple and a summerhouse with grotto, since demolished. By 1856, the terrace was described as 'a most extensive lawn adorned with statues, fountains and gold and silver fish' (Fyfe) offering picturesque and extensive views. The area of the terrace to the north-east was then described as a wood of fine beeches called the 'Wilderness', and the area to the south-west as the Rosary.

PARK Wollaton Hall is set on a hill in the centre of the wall-enclosed park. Sir Henry Willoughby had enclosed the park between 1492 and 1510 with a pale, but the wall (described by Daniel Defoe in his Tour Through England and Wales, 1724) was not built until 1720. The park contains a number of tree-lined avenues, most of those focused on the Hall having been laid out in the late C17 as illustrated in the Siberechts paintings of the 1690's and the Kip and Knyff engraving in Britannia Illustrata of 1707. To the north are two major avenues, one of sweet chestnut and oak planted in the C17 in two double rows, lined on the north front of the Hall, the other a single avenue of oaks planted in the late C18 near the walled Nursery garden. To the north-east is a double avenue of oaks, Digby Avenue, planted in 1838-9. To the west of the Hall are field enclosures, separated from Thompson's Wood by an avenue of sweet chestnut, originally a double avenue dating from the

Zenith Planning and Design 38 Greenhills Road Eastwood Nottingham NG16 3DG Alison Dudley Dip. Town Planning Tel 01773 770553 email [email protected] C17. To the east of the Hall is a double lime avenue, Lime Tree Avenue, first planted c 1700. This bisects the golf course, dating from the 1920s, which occupies the park to the south and east of the Hall. An oak avenue planted in the late C20 lies on the southern boundary of the course. To the south of the Hall is a single avenue of limes dating from c 1700. South-west of the Hall is a Horse Chestnut avenue planted in 1980 and to the west, between Parkside Road and the lake, is a second late C20 oak avenue.

The park contains a number of plantations. These include Thompson's Wood to the west and south-west of the Hall, dating principally from the late C18, of beech, sweet chestnut, oak and lime with an understorey of yew and rhododendron; and Arbour Hill and Deer Barn copse to the south-east. Arbour Hill, originating in the C16, was replanted in the mid C19 with Scots pine, larch and wellingtonia underplanted with rhododendron. The park was planted during the latter part of the C18 with many informal groups of trees, including, in 1786, some 11,300 oaks. During the early-mid C19 these were supplemented with circlular and oval copses of contrasting broad-leaved and coniferous plantings. The best surviving examples of these are to the north of the Hall, one being a wellingtonia grove framed by a ring of horse chestnut. The park also contains several individual wellingtonias.

400m to the south of the Hall lies a 18ha roughly triangular lake. This was created between 1774 and 1785 on the site of an earlier lake shown in C17 illustrations. It is retained by a dam and drainage ditch 800m long. The brick boathouse (listed grade II) by the southern shore was designed to look like a classical bridge from the far side of the lake but this effect is no longer apparent the water level having dropped. As part of the late C18/early C19 improvements, the land between the west side of the Hall and the lake was kept as an open broad sweep in order to maintain views with the stable block in the foreground. The view from the lake of the stable block is shown in a watercolour by P M La Cave dated 1788.

Zenith Planning and Design 38 Greenhills Road Eastwood Nottingham NG16 3DG Alison Dudley Dip. Town Planning Tel 01773 770553 email [email protected]

KITCHEN GARDEN The c 1.7ha kitchen garden (walls listed grade II) is set against the north wall of the park beside the north gate and is now (1999) derelict. Built in 1783, with three flue-lined walls, additions were made in the C19 and C20. The late C18 Gothick glasshouse has been demolished but west of the garden is the gardener's cottage (late C18, listed grade II) which is now (1990s) a private house. West of the cottage is a barn and attached cartshed (listed grade II) which is now (1999) a restaurant and store.

REFERENCES

J Throsby, Thoroton's History of nottinghamshire republished with large additons (1790) [facsimile edn 1972] W W Fyfe, Rambles Round Nottingham, A Series of Successive Visits (1856) Pall Mall Magazine, (October 1900), pp 148-64 Country Life, 8 (October 1900), p 496; 41 (2 June 1917), p 544; (9 June 1917), p 568; (16 June 1917), p 592 Cassandra, Duchess of Chandos, A History of the Wiloughby Family (1911) R Mellors, Garden Walks of Nottingham and District (1925) D Stroud, Humphry Repton (1962) A Short History of Wollaton and Wollaton Hall, guidebook, (Nottinghamshire County Council 1978) J Harris, The Artist and the Country House (2nd edn 1985), pl v, pp 47, 74 N Pevsner and E Williamson, The Buildings of England: Nottinghamshire (2nd edn 1979) G Carter et al, Humphry Repton (1982 M Girouard, Robert Smythson and the Elizabethan Country House (1983) R Iliffe and W Baguley, Edwardian Nottingham (1983) Nottingham Civic Society, Newsletter 61, (April 1983) C Weir, A Prospect of Nottingham (1986) M Payne, Victorian Nottingham in Old Photographs (1922) P Marshall, Wollaton Hall An Archaeological Survey, (1996) S Daniels, C Watkins, P Kinsman, The landscape of Wollaton Park: cultures of nature, (University of Nottingham, 1999) P Smith, Wollaton Hall: an Architectural and Historical Assessment (for , August 2001) Hilary Taylor Landscape Associates Ltd, Wollaton Park, Nottingham Restoration & Management

Zenith Planning and Design 38 Greenhills Road Eastwood Nottingham NG16 3DG Alison Dudley Dip. Town Planning Tel 01773 770553 email [email protected] Plan, 2002 Mel Morris Conservation, Wollaton Conservation Plan Gazetteer, (for Nottingham City Council, 2002)

Smythson drawings (Royal Institute of British Archtiects Collection, vol 8) Jan Siberechts oil on canvas, painting of the Hall and Park, c 1695 (private collection) Jan Siberechts oil on canvas painting of Wollaton Hall and Park, dated 1697 (Paul Mellon Collection, Yale Center for British Art, Connecticut) Kip and Knyff engraving in Britannia Illustrata c 1707 Two oil paintings by Hendrick de Cort of Wollaton Hall c 1780, Great Hall Wollaton Drawing by H Grimm of the south from of Wollaton Hall c 1780, British Library Watercolour of the Hall by P M La Cave, dated 1788, Nottingham City Council, Brewhouse Yard Inventory and Valuation of Plants in Gardens at Wollaton Hall, at the commencement of lease to H Akroyd Esq. 1867 (Hallward Library Mi 2 1)

Zenith Planning and Design 38 Greenhills Road Eastwood Nottingham NG16 3DG Alison Dudley Dip. Town Planning Tel 01773 770553 email [email protected]

NOTTINGHAM

SK53SW DERBY ROAD 646-1/6/749 (North side) Remains of park wall between Adams Hill and Middleton Boulevard

II

Remains of park wall. Late C18 and C19, restored and altered late C20. Brick with gabled brick coping. Approx 2m high, reducing to 1.5m at the east end. Approx 350m long. Part of the original boundary wall to Wollaton Park.

Listing NGR: SK5434938891

Selected Sources Legacy Record - This information may be included in the List Entry Details

National Grid Reference: SK 54349 38891

Zenith Planning and Design 38 Greenhills Road Eastwood Nottingham NG16 3DG Alison Dudley Dip. Town Planning Tel 01773 770553 email [email protected]

Zenith Planning and Design 38 Greenhills Road Eastwood Nottingham NG16 3DG Alison Dudley Dip. Town Planning Tel 01773 770553 email [email protected]