DOCSLIB.ORG

When a Name Becomes a Game: Negotiating the Macedonian Identity Victor Sinadinoski 1

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
When a Name Becomes a Game: Negotiating the Macedonian Identity Victor Sinadinoski 1 When a Name Becomes a Game: Negotiating the Macedonian Identity Victor Sinadinoski 1 ‘The Macedonian’ should by no means be regarded as a Bulgarian, Serb or Greek as ‘he’ is, on the first place, a political ‘slave.’ 2 Our Macedonian grandfathers and fathers struggled and shed their blood for the liberty of the Greeks and the Serbs and for the liberation of Bulgaria; they did not spare for the common liberty of us all. Now the time has come for them to prove true descendants of their famous liberators and advocates and to help their fellows in the liberation of Macedonia from its five centuries of slavery. 3 Chauvinism is poisoning the soul of humanity. We Macedonians hate no one and have no pretensions. We search in the darkness for a friend. 4 My only reservation about the Macedonians is that we don’t have more of them. 5 No-one has a right to impose on a nation how to define itself … no-one has a right to cut off a nation’s national, linguistic and cultural roots.6 1 University of Michigan, B.S. 2007; Vermont Law School, J.D. and M.E.L.P Candidate 2012. 2 Marinov, Tchavdar, We, the Macedonians: The Paths of Macedonian Supra-Nationalism (1878-1912), in We, the People: Politics of National Peculiarity in Southeastern Europe by Diana Mishkova, 122 (2009). 3 Rules of the Macedonian Rebel Committee, Rule 194 http://documents-mk.blogspot.com/2009/12/blog-post_30.html . Last accessed February 27, 2011. 4 Kaplan, Robert D., Balkan Ghosts: A Journey Throughout History , 60 (1993). Quote by Orde Ivanovski. 5 McNamara, Sally and Morgan L. Roach, The Obama Administration Must Push for Macedonia’s Accession to NATO at the Lisbon Summit , The Heritage Foundation. Web Memo No. 3037, 2 (2010). Quote by US Lieutenant Colonel Joseph Gleichenhaus. 6 Vangelov, Ognen, The Greek Veto the Macedonian Identity , 4. 1 Table of Contents Introduction ……………………………………………………………………………………...… 3 Critical Terminology …………………………………………………………………………..…. 5 A. History ……………………………………………………………………………..………..…. 6 1. From ancient Macedonia until the Ottoman arrival …………….……….…... 6 2. Life under the Ottoman Empire …………………………….……………...… 8 3. From Macedonia’s division to the emergence of the Republic of Macedonia…………………………..…………………… 14 4. The era of negotiations……………………………….……………………... 25 B. Why the Negotiations have Failed ……………………………………………….. 44 1. Greece’s denial of the ethnic Macedonian identity ………………………..… 44 2. Alexander the Great and ancient Macedonia ………………………………. 68 3. Foreign influence …………………………………………………………… 72 4. Internal politics ……………………………………………………...……… 80 5. Greece’s adversarial approach to compromising …………………………… 83 6. What about the name? ……………………………………………………… 92 C. Solutions ……………….………………………………………………………….. 96 1. Why solving the dispute matters …………………………………………… 96 2. Possible paths to a solution? ………………………………………………... 103 3. Alternatives to a compromise ………………………………………………. 109 Conclusion ……………………………………………………………………………. 113 2 Introduction Greece’s dispute with the Republic of Macedonia (Macedonia) over the latter’s name is not solely, nor primarily, about a name. Rather, Greece’s quarrel is the most recent chapter in a tale of constant struggles for identity, land, and resources, fused with episodes of feverish nationalism, hostile political maneuvering and suspicious foreign interests. This current clash between the two southern Balkan countries is rooted in ancient Macedonia’s conquest of the ancient Greek states, and spans several centuries of relative obscurity until the arrival of the brutal Ottomans. Macedonia’s struggles to free herself from 500 years of Ottoman rule, along with aspirations of her neighbors to conquer and annihilate the Macedonian identity, rechristened this millennia-old contention and captured the heart of European diplomacy. The Great Powers and Macedonia’s neighbors endeavored to bury the Macedonian dispute in the early 1900s by splitting Macedonia into several pieces, with each neighbor annexing an organ. Throughout the 20 th century, certain Balkan nations assimilated, exiled and murdered Macedonians to fulfill an ethnic cleansing campaign of the Macedonians. Hence, today’s relatively peaceful name dispute, despite its twenty-year old history, is only a snapshot of the overarching Macedonian Question, also known as the Macedonian Problem or the Macedonian Syndrome. Regardless of how historians and politicians have phrased it, the Macedonian Question has implanted two centuries of violence and bloodshed in the Balkans, and has left the ethnic Macedonians destitute and sentenced to nonexistence. Yet, the Macedonians survive and persevere with their struggles, to the public and silent dismay of many. Thus, the situation remains “as alive and problematic as ever.” 7 Unfortunately, “[h]ardly any other country in Europe is probably regarded by its neighbors as much [as] of an imposition as the Republic of Macedonia.” 8 Macedonia’s neighbors have ignored international legal obstacles and glorified hate-based ideologies in their quests to obtain Macedonian territory and eradicate the Macedonian identity, language, state and people. Justifiably, Macedonians want to erase this question mark plastered onto their identity. This paper discusses the history, politics and legality of Macedonia’s ongoing saga with Greece over Macedonia’s name. The structure of this paper is as follows. In Part A, I first explore the history of Macedonia, from ancient times until the present day. Then I dive into a recount of Macedonia’s struggle for freedom from the Ottoman Empire and the following years that resulted in Macedonia’s division. Next, I investigate Macedonia and the Macedonians after the early 20 th century Balkan wars until the People’s Republic of Macedonia declared independence from Yugoslavia as the Republic of Macedonia in the 1990s. Finally, I analyze the dispute with Greece with a chronological approach, while also injecting major events that have directly and indirectly affected the name dispute. In Part B, I consider several major reasons why discussions and negotiations have not resulted in any meaningful solutions. These reasons include, but are not limited to, Greece’s denial of the existence of a Macedonian ethnic identity; an obsession with the glories and successes of ancient-Macedonia; foreign influence in the forms of national governments and ethnic Diasporas; internal political struggles and divisions that have plagued both Greece and Macedonia; a highly adversarial Greek tone and position; and Greece’s general lack of reasonableness regarding the name ‘Macedonia’. 7 Poulton, Hugh, The Balkans: Minorities and States in Conflict , 55 (1994). 8 Wieland, Carsten, One Macedonia with Three Faces: Domestic Debates and Nation Concept, 1. 3 Finally, in Part C, I outline some solutions to the dispute, if a solution is even possible. First, I list reasons for why a peaceful solution through negotiations and discussions is a better choice than any other option. Second, I then consider some solutions that can be found through negotiations and discussion. Finally, I highlight the likely alternatives to negotiations, which include the status quo and the force of international court decisions. The Macedonian-Greek name dispute is a dispute which involves much more than just the name of a country. Consequently, any solution to the dispute will involve much more than discussions about a name – it will involve an acknowledgment of historical and present wrongdoings; it will involve a willingness to embrace collaboration; and it will involve the principles of peace, justice and freedom. Hopefully, Macedonia and Greece can overcome this rift and set an example that the future people of this world can look back to with respect and admiration. If not, the dreadful past that has continuously plagued the Balkans may be only one bullet away from being reignited. 4 Critical Terminology * Ethnic Macedonian and Macedonian refer to a person who embraces a Macedonian identity and culture as separate from any other culture or identity, especially as distinct from a Slav, Greek, Bulgarian or Serb identity. * Macedonian citizen refers to a person who is a citizen of the Republic of Macedonia and is not necessarily an ethnic Macedonian. * Skopjian , Slav-Macedonian and Fyromian are degrading terms used by some people to describe the Macedonians. * Ethnic Greek and Greek refer to a person who embraces the Greek identity and culture as separate from any other culture or identity. * Greek citizen refers to a person who is a citizen of Greece and is not necessarily an ethnic Greek. * Republic of Macedonia and Macedonia refers to the constitutional name of the country recognized in the United Nations as the ‘former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia’ and in over 130 countries as the Republic of Macedonia. Macedonia is bordered by Serbia 9 to the north, Bulgaria to the east, Greece to the south, and Albania to the west. * Geographic Macedonia is the ethnic Macedonians’ homeland, which includes the Republic of Macedonia (also known as Vardar Macedonia), Aegean Macedonia (currently occupied by Greece), Pirin Macedonia (currently occupied by Bulgaria), and a tiny segment within Albania’s borders (Mala Prespa and Golo Brdo). Aegean Macedonian constitutes over 51% of geographic Macedonia; Pirin Macedonia constitutes 10% of geographic Macedonia; the Republic of Macedonia constitutes about 37% of geographic Macedonia; and Mala Prespa and Golo Brdo constitute just under 2% of geographic Macedonia. * Ancient Macedonia refers to the time period that begins with the birth
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Forces Postponement of First Macedonian Orthodox Church
    FORUM 18 NEWS SERVICE, Oslo, Norway http://www.forum18.org/ The right to believe, to worship and witness The right to change one's belief or religion The right to join together and express one's belief This article was published by F18News on: 14 September 2005 SERBIA: "Heavy pressure" forces postponement of first Macedonian Orthodox church By Drasko Djenovic, Forum 18 News Service <http://www.forum18.org> Soon after news emerged that an ethnic Macedonian association had bought a plot of land in Novi Sad to build Serbia's first Macedonian Orthodox church, religion minister Milan Radulovic declared publicly that the state has a duty to prevent the building of the church. "Radulovic's statements deny us one of our most basic rights - the right to freedom of confession," Dragan Veljkovski, president of the Association of Macedonians in Vojvodina which bought the site, told Forum 18 News Service. He complained of "very heavy pressure" since the news became public which has led to the building plans being postponed. Macedonians contrast the Serbian government's strong defence of the persecuted Serbian Orthodox Church in neighbouring Macedonia with its moves to restrict non-Serbian Orthodox jurisdictions at home. In the wake of religious tensions between Serbs and Macedonians and remarks by Serbia's religion minister Milan Radulovic that the state has a duty to prevent the Macedonian Orthodox Church building a church in Serbia, plans to build such a church in Novi Sad, the capital of Serbia's northern Vojvodina province, have been put on ice. "In the light of the very difficult relationship between Serbia and Macedonia after the imprisonment of [Serbian] Archbishop Jovan [in Macedonia], we have decided to halt preparing the building application," Dragan Veljkovski, president of the Democratic Party of Macedonians in Serbia and Montenegro and president of the Association of Macedonians in Vojvodina, told Forum 18 News Service on 9 September.
    [Show full text]
  • Not Even Karamanlis Immune
    The National Herald a b www.thenationalherald.com VOL. 9, ISSUE 435 A WEEKLY GREEK AMERICAN PUBLICATION FEBRUARY 11, 2006 $1.00 - GREECE: 1.75 Euro Bishop and Phones Tapped in Priest on Greece - Not Even The Verge Karamanlis Immune Of Coming By Evan C. Lambrou leadership of the Defense Ministry Special to The National Herald and the whole leadership of the Public Order Ministry, some For- To Blows NEW YORK - Mobile phones eign Ministry phones, one former belonging to top Greek military minister - now in opposition - and By Theodore Kalmoukos and government officials - to in- others," Roussopoulos said during Special to The National Herald clude that of Prime Minister a news conference last Thursday, Costas Karamanlis and his wife, February 2. BOSTON - The Chancellor of Natasha - and the United States Most of Greece's top military the Greek Orthodox Archdiocese Embassy in Athens were tapped and police officers were also tar- of America, reportedly initiated a for nearly a year beginning in the geted, as were foreign ministry of- verbal and physical “attack” Summer of 2004, just weeks before ficials, Greek European Union En- against an archimandrite during the 2004 Olympic Games in vironment Commissioner Stavros the Clergy-Laity Assembly of the Athens, the Greek Government Dimas, a former minister and a Archdiocesan District in New said last week. phone number at the U.S. Em- York, which was convened at Holy Illegal software installed at bassy. Also tapped were some jour- Trinity Church in New Rochelle, Greece's second largest mobile nalists and human rights activists. New York this past Monday, Fe- phone operator, Vodafone The phone tapping started "be- bruary 6, the feast day of Saint Greece, a subsidiary of the British fore the 2004 Olympic Games and Photios the Great.
    [Show full text]
  • Macedonia Global Investment Summit 118
    MACEDONIA GLOBAL INVESTMENT SUMMIT GLOBAL MACEDONIA 1 ORGANIZER LOCAL PARTNER FOR SME PLATINIUM SPONSORS OFFICIAL TELECOMMUNICATION PARTNER 2 3 PROFICIENCY EDGE YOUR COMPETITORS WITH TOP-NOTCH DEDICATION WEB SOLUTIONS MACEDONIA GLOBAL INVESTMENT SUMMIT GLOBAL MACEDONIA SECURITY Novoproektirana BB Synergy Business Center, floor 2 Skopje 1000, Macedonia +(389) 2 245 7560 YOU PUSH THE LIMITS. WE GO BEYOND RESILIENCE INNOVATION CREATIVITY CONTENT CONTENT If you are looking for a company that prides itself in top quality and cost effiency,4 we are your best choice! SUMMIT 2012 Letter from Mike Zafirovski, Macedonia 2025 Chairman Welcome to Ohrid and to the first annual Macedonia Global Investment Summit! On behalf of Macedonia 2025, our sponsors and supporters, I would like to thank you for your attendance and participation in this valuable, professional Summit. Globally, we are experiencing many economic challenges and unfortunately it does not look like a quick turnaround for Europe. Many economists believe this crisis will take years to work out. However, I still believe that it is very possible for developing countries like Macedonia to grow faster than the global or Euro economies. The realities of the country’s situation of low cost, available employees, strategic location, attractive tax INVESTMENT SUMMIT GLOBAL MACEDONIA rates and incentives for investment should be a competitive advantage for growth. But it will require confidence, urgency and resolve to move the country forward by all the stakeholders (employers, employees, the government, the education system, and the Diaspora). Because of this, we believe that it is a perfect time to explore the potential opportunities and strengthen the platform to build future partnerships and relationships.
    [Show full text]
  • Blood Ties: Religion, Violence, and the Politics of Nationhood in Ottoman Macedonia, 1878
    BLOOD TIES BLOOD TIES Religion, Violence, and the Politics of Nationhood in Ottoman Macedonia, 1878–1908 I˙pek Yosmaog˘lu Cornell University Press Ithaca & London Copyright © 2014 by Cornell University All rights reserved. Except for brief quotations in a review, this book, or parts thereof, must not be reproduced in any form without permission in writing from the publisher. For information, address Cornell University Press, Sage House, 512 East State Street, Ithaca, New York 14850. First published 2014 by Cornell University Press First printing, Cornell Paperbacks, 2014 Printed in the United States of America Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Yosmaog˘lu, I˙pek, author. Blood ties : religion, violence,. and the politics of nationhood in Ottoman Macedonia, 1878–1908 / Ipek K. Yosmaog˘lu. pages cm Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-0-8014-5226-0 (cloth : alk. paper) ISBN 978-0-8014-7924-3 (pbk. : alk. paper) 1. Macedonia—History—1878–1912. 2. Nationalism—Macedonia—History. 3. Macedonian question. 4. Macedonia—Ethnic relations. 5. Ethnic conflict— Macedonia—History. 6. Political violence—Macedonia—History. I. Title. DR2215.Y67 2013 949.76′01—dc23 2013021661 Cornell University Press strives to use environmentally responsible suppliers and materials to the fullest extent possible in the publishing of its books. Such materials include vegetable-based, low-VOC inks and acid-free papers that are recycled, totally chlorine-free, or partly composed of nonwood fibers. For further information, visit our website at www.cornellpress.cornell.edu. Cloth printing 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Paperback printing 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 To Josh Contents Acknowledgments ix Note on Transliteration xiii Introduction 1 1.
    [Show full text]
  • The Macedonia-Greece Dispute/Difference Over the Name Issue: Mitigating the Inherently Unsolvable
    New Balkan Politics Issue 14, 2013 The Macedonia-Greece dispute/difference over the name issue: mitigating the inherently unsolvable Hristijan Ivanovski1 Center for Defence and Security Studies University of Manitoba [email protected] Abstract Having entered its third decade, the Macedonia-Greece naming disputei seems as if it is set to join an infamous category of international relations—that of the world‘s chronic unsolvable issues. By focusing on the post-2006 decline in Macedonian-Greek (political) relations and the stalemate in negotiations on the name issue, this paper lays out and reassesses most of the fundamental components and recent variables in the dispute but also seeks to demystify important aspects of the dispute and to identify the space for a rational, common sense solution. Beginning with a substantiated claim that obstructive politics have been practised by certain NATO/EU circles towards Macedonia, and going on to deconstruct the myth that the dispute is purely bilateral and limited only to the name issue, this article warns that the intermittent optimism exhibited among the stakeholders in the negotiations means little given the historical depth of this otherwise simple dispute. The main message of this paper, however, is contained in a subsequent definition of the dispute as (part of) a perverse, inherently unsolvable, centuries-old problem that can only be mitigated rather than conclusively addressed, since it is based on vital, incompatible national interests and, consequently, a rigid, inter-state/inter- society disagreement. The pressing need to mitigate the dispute via local pragmatism, balanced diplomatic pressure, and the adoption of an inventive approach, especially after the Kosovo problem has been satisfactorily closed (at least temporarily), guarantees almost nothing, since both Macedonia and Greece have strong strategic rationales for not approaching a compromise.
    [Show full text]
  • Vernacular Religion in Diaspora: a Case Study of the Macedono-Bulgarian Group in Toronto
    Vernacular Religion in Diaspora: a Case Study of the Macedono-Bulgarian Group in Toronto By Mariana Dobreva-Mastagar A Thesis submitted to the Faculty of Trinity College and the Theological Department of the Toronto School of Theology In partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Theology awarded by the University of St. Michael's College © Copyright by Mariana Dobreva-Mastagar 2016 Vernacular Religion in Diaspora: a case Study of the Macedono-Bulgarian group in Toronto PhD 2016 Mariana Dobreva-Mastagar University of St.Michael’s College Abstract This study explores how the Macedono-Bulgarian and Bulgarian Eastern Orthodox churches in Toronto have attuned themselves to the immigrant community—specifically to post-1990 immigrants who, while unchurched and predominantly secular, have revived diaspora churches. This paradox raises questions about the ways that religious institutions operate in diaspora, distinct from their operations in the country of origin. This study proposes and develops the concept “institutional vernacularization” as an analytical category that facilitates assessment of how a religious institution relates to communal factors. I propose this as an alternative to secularization, which inadequately captures the diaspora dynamics. While continuing to adhere to their creeds and confessional symbols, diaspora churches shifted focus to communal agency and produced new collective and “popular” values. The community is not only a passive recipient of the spiritual gifts but is also a partner, who suggests new forms of interaction. In this sense, the diaspora church is engaged in vernacular discourse. The notion of institutional vernacularization is tested against the empirical results of field work in four Greater Toronto Area churches.
    [Show full text]
  • Serbia & Montenegro
    PROFILE OF INTERNAL DISPLACEMENT : SERBIA & MONTENEGRO Compilation of the information available in the Global IDP Database of the Norwegian Refugee Council (as of 27 September, 2005) Also available at http://www.idpproject.org Users of this document are welcome to credit the Global IDP Database for the collection of information. The opinions expressed here are those of the sources and are not necessarily shared by the Global IDP Project or NRC Norwegian Refugee Council/Global IDP Project Chemin de Balexert, 7-9 1219 Geneva - Switzerland Tel: + 41 22 799 07 00 Fax: + 41 22 799 07 01 E-mail : [email protected] CONTENTS CONTENTS 1 PROFILE SUMMARY 8 IDPS FROM KOSOVO: STUCK BETWEEN UNCERTAIN RETURN PROSPECTS AND DENIAL OF LOCAL INTEGRATION 8 CAUSES AND BACKGROUND 12 BACKGROUND 12 THE CONFLICT IN KOSOVO (1981-1999): INTERNATIONAL COMMUNITY FINALLY IMPOSES AUTONOMY OF THE PROVINCE TO YUGOSLAV AUTHORITIES 12 OUSTING OF PRESIDENT MILOSEVIC OPENS NEW ERA OF DEMOCRACY (2000-2003) 14 DJINDJIC ASSASSINATION THREATENS CONTINUATION OF SERBIA’S REFORMS (2003) 15 KOSOVO UNDER INTERNATIONAL ADMINISTRATION (2003) 16 BACKGROUND TO THE CONFLICT IN SOUTHERN SERBIA (2000-2005) 18 UNCERTAINTY AROUND FINAL STATUS ISSUE HAS A NEGATIVE IMPACT ON DISPLACEMENT AND RETURN (2005) 21 CAUSES OF DISPLACEMENT 23 DISPLACEMENT BEFORE AND DURING NATO INTERVENTION (1998-1999) 23 MASSIVE RETURN OF KOSOVO ALBANIANS SINCE END OF NATO INTERVENTION (FROM JUNE 1999) 26 LARGE SCALE DISPLACEMENT OF ETHNIC MINORITIES FOLLOWING THE NATO INTERVENTION (1999) 26 DISPLACEMENT CAUSED BY
    [Show full text]
  • Explaining Change in Greek Policy on EU-Turkey Relations 1996-1999: the Prime Minister’S Leadership Style and the Formulation of the Helsinki Strategy
    1 The London School of Economics and Political Science Explaining Change in Greek Policy on EU-Turkey Relations 1996-1999: The Prime Minister’s Leadership Style and the Formulation of the Helsinki Strategy Kyriakos Moumoutzis A thesis submitted to the European Institute of the London School of Economics for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, London, July 2009 UMI Number: U615703 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Dissertation Publishing UMI U615703 Published by ProQuest LLC 2014. Copyright in the Dissertation held by the Author. Microform Edition © ProQuest LLC. All rights reserved. This work is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code. ProQuest LLC 789 East Eisenhower Parkway P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, Ml 48106-1346 -11 j* j i i y & M ) : ? -a - +x 'S -< -1 12.155M- 2 Declaration I certify that the thesis I have presented for examination for the MPhil/PhD degree of the London School of Economics and Political Science is solely my own work other than where I have clearly indicated that it is the work of others (in which case the extent of any work carried out jointly by me and any other person is clearly identified in it). The copyright of this thesis rests with the author. Quotation from it is permitted, provided that full acknowledgement is made.
    [Show full text]
  • The Successors: Alexander's Legacy
    The Successors: Alexander’s Legacy November 20-22, 2015 Committee Background Guide The Successors: Alexander’s Legacy 1 Table of Contents Committee Director Welcome Letter ...........................................................................................2 Summons to the Babylon Council ................................................................................................3 The History of Macedon and Alexander ......................................................................................4 The Rise of Macedon and the Reign of Philip II ..........................................................................4 The Persian Empire ......................................................................................................................5 The Wars of Alexander ................................................................................................................5 Alexander’s Plans and Death .......................................................................................................7 Key Topics ......................................................................................................................................8 Succession of the Throne .............................................................................................................8 Partition of the Satrapies ............................................................................................................10 Continuity and Governance ........................................................................................................11
    [Show full text]
  • The Sun and the Lion As Symbols of the Republic of Macedonia a Heraldic and Vexillological Analysis
    THE FLAG HERITAGE FOUNDATION MONOGRAPH AND TRANSLATION SERIES PUBLICATION No. 8 THE SUN AND THE LION AS SYMBOLS OF THE REPUBLIC OF MACEDONIA A HERALDIC AND VEXILLOLOGICAL ANALYSIS by Jovan Jonovski, MTh, MA, PhD, AIH Edward B. Kaye, Editor DANVERS, MASSACHUSETTS 2020 THE FLAG HERITAGE FOUNDATION MONOGRAPH AND TRANSLATION SERIES PUBLICATION No. 8 THE SUN AND THE LION AS SYMBOLS OF THE REPUBLIC OF MACEDONIA A HERALDIC AND VEXILLOLOGICAL ANALYSIS by Jovan Jonovski, MTh, MA, PhD, AIH Edward B. Kaye, Editor DANVERS, MASSACHUSETTS 2020 THE FLAG HERITAGE FOUNDATION MONOGRAPH AND TRANSLATION SERIES The Flag Heritage Foundation was established in 1971 in order, among other purposes, “to collect, organize, and disseminate information concerning all aspects of flags and related symbols” and “to promote wide public knowledge of the rich history of flags which fosters international understanding and respect for national heritage.” It is a registered charity in the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. The Flag Heritage Foundation Monograph and Translation Series was established in 2009 to publish monographs on flags and related subjects, and to translate and publish in English works previously appearing in languages inaccessible to many scholars. This is the eighth publication in the Series. FLAG HERITAGE FOUNDATION BOARD OF TRUSTEES Kirby A. Baker, Chair Scot M. Guenter David F. Phillips Anne M. Platoff Flag Heritage Foundation 301 Newbury Street #108 Danvers, Massachusetts 01923 USA (424) 272-0701 www.flagheritagefoundation.org Series Editor David F. Phillips 2331 - 47th Avenue San Francisco, California 94116 USA (415) 753-6190 [email protected] Price: US $15 (plus shipping) Non-profit organizations, libraries, and vexillological and heraldic organizations may obtain copies gratis or at a reduced rate – inquire of the Foundation.
    [Show full text]
  • Spisak U Esnika TAIEX JHA 46448 Skupa O Migrac the Parliamentary Assembly of Bosnia and Herzegovina - Parlam No Last Name First Name Position, City and Country
    TAIEX Brussels in cooperation with the Ministry for Human Rights and Refugees of Bosnia and Herzegovina (Department for Diaspora) TAIEX ured Brisel u saradnji sa Ministarstvom za ljudska prava i izbjeglice Bosne i Hercegovine (Sektorom za dijasporu) The list of TAIEX JHA event 46448 on migration and development, Sarajevo, 13-14 October 2011 Spisak uesnika TAIEX JHA 46448 skupa o migraciji i razvoju, Sarajevo, 13.i 14.10.2011. godine The Parliamentary Assembly of Bosnia and Herzegovina - Parlamentarna skupština Bosne i Hercegovine, Trg BiH 1, Sarajevo No Last name First name Position, city and country . ( prezime) and surname (funkcija, grad i drava iz koje uesnik dolazi) (ime i prezimena) 1 Apostolova Biljana International Association for the Advancement of Innovative Approaches to Global Challenges Vienna – Ljubljana (IAAI), Skopje, Macedonia 2 Alijagi Armin Naša perspektiva NGO, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina 3 Alijagi Sulejman Assistant Minister at Federal Ministry of Displaced Persons and Refugees, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina 4 Arnautovi Dr. Kenan Bosnian and Herzegovinian-American Academy of Science and Arts Steering Board, USA; Sarajevo, BiH 5 Abazovi Dr. Dino Coordinator of the Centre for Migration at Faculty of Political Sciences, the University of Sarajevo, Sarajevo, BiH 6 Angelova Dora Head of Department for Information, Agency for Diaspora of Macedonia, Skopje, Macedonia 7 Bala Saimir Director of Consular Services, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Albania, Tirana 8 Banushi Silvana Director, Directorate for Migration, Return and Reintegration Policies, Ministry of Labour, Social Radovani Affairs and Equal Opportunities of Albania, Tirana, Albania 9 Bariši Petar Head of Independent Service for Croats Abroad and for Culture, Ministry of Foreign Affairs and European Integration of Croatia, Zagreb, Croatia 10 Barjaba Dr.
    [Show full text]
  • 2014-2024 Management Plan Prespa National Park in Albania
    2014-2024 Management Plan Prespa National Park in Albania MANAGEMENT PLAN of the PRESPA NATIONAL PARK IN ALBANIA 2014-2024 1 2014-2024 Management Plan Prespa National Park in Albania ABBREVIATIONS ALL Albanian Lek a.s.l. Above Sea Level BCA Biodiversity Conservation Advisor BMZ Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development, Germany CDM Clean Development Mechanism Corg Organic Carbon DCM Decision of Council of Ministers DFS Directorate for Forestry Service, Korca DGFP Directorate General for Forestry and Pastures DTL Deputy Team Leader EUNIS European Union Nature Information System GEF Global Environment Facility GFA GFA Consulting Group, Germany GNP Galicica National Park GO Governmental Organisation GTZ/GIZ German Agency for Technical Cooperation, Deutsche Gesellschaft für Technische Zusammenarbeit (Name changed to GIZ Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit) FAO Food and Agriculture Organisation of the United Nations IUCN International Union for Conservation of Nature The World Conservation Union FUA Forest User Association Prespa KfW Kreditanstalt für Wiederaufbau - Entwicklungsbank/German Development Bank LMS Long Term Monitoring Sites LSU Livestock Unit MC Management Committee of the Prespa National Parkin Albania METT Management Effectiveness Tracking Tool MoE Ministry of Environment of Albania MP Management Plan NGO Non-Governmental Organisation NP National Park NPA National Park Administration NPD National Park Director (currently Chief of Sector of Directorate for Forestry Service, Korca) PNP National
    [Show full text]