WWW.IRCF.ORG/REPTILESANDAMPHIBIANSJOURNALTABLE OF CONTENTS IRCF REPTILES & IRCF AMPHIBIANS REPTILES • VOL &15, AMPHIBIANS NO 4 • DEC 2008 • 189 23(3):183–186 • DEC 2016
IRCF REPTILES & AMPHIBIANS CONSERVATION AND NATURAL HISTORY
TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCED SPECIES FEATURE ARTICLES . Chasing Bullsnakes (Pituophis catenifer sayi) in Wisconsin: MolecularOn the RoadAnalysis to Understanding the Ecology andConfirming Conservation of the Midwest’s Giant Serpent ...... the JoshuaIntroduction M. Kapfer 190 . The Shared History of Treeboas (Corallus grenadensis) and Humans on Grenada: A Hypothetical Excursion ...... Robert W. Henderson 198
of theRESEARCH Western ARTICLES African Fan-footed Gecko, . The Texas Horned Lizard in Central and Western Texas ...... Emily Henry, Jason Brewer, Krista Mougey, and Gad Perry 204 Ptyodactylus. The Knight Anole (Anolis equestristogoensis) in Florida (Tornier 1901) (Sauria: ...... Brian J. Camposano, Kenneth L. Krysko, Kevin M. Enge, Ellen M. Donlan, and Michael Granatosky 212
CONSERVATIONPhyllodactylidae), ALERT in Florida . World’s Mammals in Crisis ...... 220 . More Than MammalsMatthew ...... T. Fedler1, Kenneth L. Krysko1, and Michael L...... Avery2 223 . The “Dow Jones Index” of Biodiversity ...... 225 1Division of Herpetology, Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA (MTF: [email protected]; KLK: [email protected]) HUSBANDRY2USDA/APHIS, Wildlife Services, National Wildlife Research Center, Gainesville, Florida 32641, USA . Captive Care of the Central Netted Dragon ...... Shannon Plummer 226
eckos of the PROFILEfamily Phyllodactylidae are trans-Atlan- Laboratory techniques. A DNA isolation was obtained Gtic squamates .commonlyKraig Adler: A Lifetime referred Promoting Herpetologyto as Leaf-toed ...... using ZR Genomic DNA™ Michael L. TissueTreglia 234 Microprep Kit (Zymo Geckos (Dixon and Kroll 1974; Gamble 2008). The genus Research, LLC, Irvine, California). DNA was amplified and COMMENTARY Ptyodactylus is comprised of rock-dwelling geckos native to sequenced for the 12S region using primers 12Se (Weins et al. . The Turtles Have Been Watching Me ...... Eric Gangloff 238 northwestern Africa northeastward to Pakistan (Blanford 1999) and L1091 (Kocher et al. 1989). PCR was conducted 1876; Metallinou 2015).BOOK TheREVIEW majority of species in the genus in 25 µl reactions: 9.5 µl H2O, 12.5 µl GoTaq® Master Mix . Threatened Amphibians of the World edited by S.N. Stuart, M. Hoffmann, J.S. Chanson, N.A. Cox, have only recently been describedR. Berridge, P. Ramani,or elevated and B.E. Youngto species ...... status. (Promega Corp, Madison, Wisconsin),Robert Powell 243 1.0 µl each primer (10 For example, Metallinou (2015) recently elevated the former µM), and 1.0 µl DNA template. PCR parameters included subspecies P. hasselquistii CONSERVATION togoensis ,RESEARCH which occurs REPORTS: in western Summaries of Publishedinitial Conservation denaturing Research Reports at 94 ...... °C for 3 min, 245 followed by 45 cycles NATURAL HISTORY RESEARCH REPORTS: Summaries of Published Reports on Natural History ...... 247 Africa in Togo, Benin, NEWBRIEFS Ghana, ...... Burkina Faso, Niger, Mali, of amplification;...... denaturing at 94 °C 248 for 1 min; annealing at Mauritania, and the EDITORIALsouthernmost INFORMATION portion of ...... Algeria, to spe- 49 °C for 1 min; and extension...... at 72 251 °C for 1 min; followed cies status, calling it FOCUSP. togoensis ON CONSERVATION. Morphological: A Project similarities You Can Support ...... by a final extension at 72 °C for 7 min. 252 Three μl of each PCR within the genus make it difficult to confirm the identity of a product were electrophoresed on a 1% agarose gel, visualized species without knowing an individual’s origin. with GelRedTM staining (Biotium Inc., Hayward, California), Because of the increasing number of introduced amphib- and compared with a DNA standard. Sequence files from the Front Cover. Shannon Plummer. Back Cover. Michael Kern ians and reptiles in Florida (KryskoTotat et al.et velleseque 2016), audant identifying mo automatedTotat et velleseque sequencer audant mo (Genomics Division, Interdisciplinary both species and introduction pathwaysestibus isinveliquo important. velique rerchil Herein, Centerestibus inveliquo for Biotechnology velique rerchil Research, University of Florida) erspienimus, quos accullabo. Ilibus erspienimus, quos accullabo. Ilibus we document a new introduced geckoaut dolor species apicto invere by peproviding dolum wereaut dolor edited apicto invere as necessarype dolum with Geneious software (ver. 6.1, a physical specimen and a clear photographicfugiatis maionsequat voucher. eumque We Biomatters,fugiatis maionsequat http://www.geneious.com). eumque The GenBank acces- used molecular analysis to determinemoditia species erere nonsedisidentity ma sectiaturand the sionmoditia number erere nonsedis for ma our sectia specimen- is KX981451. ma derrovitae voluptam, as quos tur ma derrovitae voluptam, as native-range origin, and we commentaccullabo. on its introduction pathway and current invasion stage in Florida.
Materials and Methods Specimen acquisition. On 23 June 2016, a neonate (3.9 cm SVL, 5.9 cm TL) Ptyodactylus was collected next to an importer’s facility at 6450 Stirling Road, Hollywood, Broward County, Florida (26.04591°N, 80.21976°W, Datum WGS84). The specimen (UF-Herpetology 178182) and digital photographic vouchers of the live animal (Fig. 1) were deposited in the Division of Herpetology, Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida. Initial identification as Ptyodactylus was provided by Aaron M. Bauer Fig. 1. Western African Fan-footed Gecko, Ptyodactylus togoensis and Tony Gamble. Visits to the site on 24 June and 17 July (UF-Herpetology 178182), collected on 23 June 2016 in Broward 2016 yielded no further individuals. County, Florida. Photograph by KLK.
Copyright © 2016. Matthew T. Fedler. All rights reserved. 183 FEDLER ET AL. IRCF REPTILES & AMPHIBIANS • 23(3):183–186 • DEC 2016
Fig. 2. Maximum likelihood phylogeny for Fan-footed Geckos, genus Ptyodactylus. Included outgroups have their genus included in their label. Note that our Florida sample is highlighted in red; values (≥ 70%) above major nodes represent bootstrap support.
Phylogenetic analyses. 12S DNA sequence data for Discussion a total of 23 specimens were downloaded from GenBank. We identify our Florida specimen as Ptyodactylus togoensis Included were two Ptyodactylus oudrii, eight P. togoensis, two with a native-range origin as Burkina Faso in western Africa. P. puiseuxi, one P. siphonorhina, two P. guttatus, two P. has- The animal importer in Hollywood, Florida, is the probable selquistii, and four P. ragazii (Metallinou et al. 2015), and source for the introduction of this species. This importer has one of each outgroup, Tarentola mauritanica (Maˇcát et al. been implicated in the introduction of at least 46 (25.5%) of 2014) and Phyllodactylus reissi (Torres-Carvajal et al. 2014). the 180 confirmed herpetofaunal taxa introduced in Florida Along with our specimen, all sequences were assembled using (Krysko et al. 2016). We found this species, listed as the West MEGA6 software (ver. 6; Tamura et al. 2013). African Fan-Footed Gecko (Ptyodactylus hasselquistii), on their We analyzed a total of 369 base pairs (bp) of sequence old price lists dated from 14 October 2014 to 14 April 2015 data. We estimated relationships among haplotypes using (Fig. 3). Although the specimen we found was a neonate, we Maximum Likelihood (ML) methodology with the Tamura- have no current evidence of reproduction and the establish- Nei model, complete deletion mechanism, nucleotide substi- ment of this species. tution, nearest-neighbor interchange heuristic method, very strong branch swap filter, and 2,000 nonparametric bootstrap Acknowledgments replicates (Felsenstein 1985) to assess node support using We thank Steve A. Johnson for travel; David L. Reed for MEGA. The most credible support of phylogenetic relation- laboratory space; and Aaron M. Bauer, Tony Gamble, and ships were confined to nodes where nonparametric bootstrap Louis A. Somma for information on Ptyodactylus. This study values ≥70% (Felsenstein 1985). was funded by the United States Department of Agriculture (project #124511) to KLK. Results Our molecular analysis produced a nearly identical phylogeny Literature Cited as Metallinou et al. (2015), with the exception of the inclu- Blanford,W.T. 1876. On some lizards from Sind, with descriptions of new species of Ptyodactylus, Stenodactylus, and Trapelus. Journal of Asiatic Society of Bengal sion of our sample and outgroups (Fig. 2). Our Florida sam- 45: 232–233. ple is nested within the P. togoensis clade and is most closely Colautti, R.I. and H.J. MacIsaac. 2004. A neutral terminology to define ‘invasive’ related to individuals from Burkina Faso. Only 1 bp differ- species. Diversity and Distributions 10: 135–141. Conant, R. and J.T. Collins. 1998. A Field Guide to Reptiles and Amphibians of ence was found between our sample and the two samples Eastern and Central North America. Third edition, expanded. Houghton from Burkina Faso. Mifflin, Boston, Massachusetts.
184 FEDLER ET AL. IRCF REPTILES & AMPHIBIANS • 23(3):183–186 • DEC 2016
Fig. 3. Animal importer’s price list for 21 October 2014.
Dixon, J.R. and J.C. Kroll. 1974. Resurrection of the generic name Paroedura for (Squamata: Dactyloidae), a new nonnative lizard introduced to Florida. the phyllodactyline geckos of Madagascar, and description of a new species. Reptiles & Amphibians 22: 128–131. Copeia 1974: 24-30. Krysko, K.L., K.M. Enge, and P.E. Moler. 2011b. Atlas of Amphibians and Reptiles Felsenstein, J. 1985. Confidence limits on phylogenies: An approach using the in Florida. Final Report, Project Agreement 08013. Florida Fish and Wildlife bootstrap. Evolution 39: 783–791. Conservation Commission, Tallahassee. Gamble, A.B. 2008. Origins and diversification of New World geckos (Order Maˇcát, Z., M. Starcová, J. Cervenka,ˇ D. Jablonski, and M. Šandera. 2014. A No. 3313440). Available from ProQuest Dissertations & Theses Global. molecular assessment and first record of Tarentola mauritanica (Squamata: (304599717).
Saiki, R.K., D.H. Gelfand, S. Stoffel, S.J. Scharf, R. Higuchi, G.T. Horn, K.B. Andrade. 2013. A new Andean species of Leaf-toed Gecko (Phyllodactylidae: Mullis, and H.A. Erlich. 1988. Primer-directed enzymatic amplification of Phyllodactylus) from Ecuador. Journal of Herpetology 47: 384–390. DNA with thermostable DNA polymerases. Science 239: 487–491. Uetz, P. and J. Hošek. 2015. The Reptile Database.
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