DOCSLIB.ORG

Broadband Connectivity in Pacific Island Countries

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Broadband Connectivity in Pacific Island Countries Broadband Connectivity in Pacific Island Countries Asia-Pacific Information Superhighway (AP-IS) Working Paper Series The Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific (ESCAP) serves as the United Nations’ regional hub promoting cooperation among countries to achieve inclusive and sustainable development. The largest regional intergovernmental platform with 53 member States and 9 associate members, ESCAP has emerged as a strong regional think tank offering countries sound analytical products that shed insight into the evolving economic, social and environmental dynamics of the region. The Commission’s strategic focus is to deliver on the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, which it does by reinforcing and deepening regional cooperation and integration to advance connectivity, financial cooperation and market integration. ESCAP’s research and analysis coupled with its policy advisory services, capacity building and technical assistance to governments aim to support countries’ sustainable and inclusive development ambitions. The shaded areas of the map indicate ESCAP members and associate members. Disclaimer: This working paper of the Information and Communications Technology and Disaster Risk Reduction Division provides policy-relevant analysis on regional trends and challenges in support of the development of the Asia-Pacific Information Superhighway and inclusive development. The views expressed herein are those of the authors, and do not necessarily reflect the views of the United Nations. This working paper has been issued without formal editing, and the designations employed and material presented do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Secretariat of the United Nations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area, or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Correspondence concerning this working paper should be addressed to the email: [email protected]. Contact: ICT and Development Section Information and Communications Technology and Disaster Risk Reduction Division United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific United Nations Building Rajadamnern Nok Avenue Bangkok 10200, Thailand Email: [email protected] ii Acknowledgements This working paper was prepared by Siope Vakataki ‘Ofa with substantive inputs from Atsuko Okuda, Eric Roeder, Alexey Kravchenko, Jeremy Marand and Momar Mbengue of the Information and Communications Technology (ICT) and Development Section under the guidance of Tiziana Bonapace, Director, Information and Communications Technology and Disaster Risk Reduction Division of the United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific (ESCAP). Puji Pujiono and Tae Hyung Kim from the Information and Communications Technology and Disaster Risk Reduction Division are kindly acknowledged for their respective inputs, as well as Iosefa Maiava (Head), and Sanjesh Naidu from the ESCAP Pacific Office. The working paper was reviewed by an external peer review panel that provided useful comments on earlier drafts. We therefore acknowledge useful comments received from Kisione Finau (University of the South Pacific), Marc Lipton (Pacific ICT Regulatory Resource Centre), Fernando Bertrand (University of Auckland), Basheerhamad Shadrach (Alliance for Affordable Internet) and David Butcher. Tarnkamon Chantarawat and Sakollerd Limkriangkrai provided administrative support and other necessary assistance for the issuance of this paper. The Asia-Pacific Information Superhighway (AP-IS) Working Papers provide policy- relevant analysis on regional trends and challenges in support of the development of the Asia- Pacific Information Superhighway (AP-IS) and inclusive development. The views expressed herein are those of the authors, and do not necessarily reflect the views of the United Nations. The designations employed, and material presented do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Secretariat of the United Nations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area, or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The paper has been issued without formal editing. Correspondence concerning this paper should be addressed to the email: [email protected]. January 2018 Cover Design: Jonas Flake Cover Photo: Shutterstock / BlueOrange Studio, Winui (View of tropical islands and the Pacific Ocean in Palau). iii Table of Content Acknowledgements .......................................................................................................... iii Table of Content .............................................................................................................. iv List of Figures .................................................................................................................... v List of Tables ..................................................................................................................... v Abbreviations and Acronyms ............................................................................................ vi Executive Summary ........................................................................................................... 7 1. Background ................................................................................................................ 9 2. State of Broadband Connectivity ................................................................................. 15 3. Drivers of Broadband Connectivity............................................................................... 30 4. Estimating Drivers of Broadband Adoption .................................................................. 57 5. Conclusions and Policy Implications ............................................................................. 63 Annexes .......................................................................................................................... 68 iv List of Figures Figure 1: Snapshot of mobile- and fixed-broadband penetration in Pacific Island countries, 2016 ...................... 15 Figure 2: Fixed-broadband subscriptions per 100 inhabitants by subregion, 2000-2016 ...................................... 16 Figure 3: Fixed-broadband subscriptions in Pacific Island countries, 2016............................................................ 17 Figure 4: Fixed-broadband subscriptions, averages over two periods – 2007-2011 and 2012-2016 .................... 18 Figure 5: Mobile-broadband subscriptions per 100 inhabitants by subregion, 2007-2016 ................................... 19 Figure 6: Mobile-broadband subscriptions in Pacific Island countries, 2016 ......................................................... 20 Figure 7: Mobile-broadband subscriptions, averages over two periods – 2009-2012 and 2013-2016 ................. 21 Figure 8: Number of submarine fibre-optic cables and 3G coverage, 2016 .......................................................... 22 Figure 9: Number of submarine fibre-optic cables and LTE/WiMaX coverage, 2016 ............................................ 23 Figure 10: Affordability and access to mobile broadband, 2016 ........................................................................... 28 Figure 11: Affordability, access and capacity of international broadband connectivity, world sample, 2016 ...... 29 Figure 12: Broadband access and electricity generation capacity of SIDS and the world, 2000-2015 .................. 30 Figure 13: Secondary education enrolments and mobile-broadband adoption, 2015 or latest available year..... 34 Figure 14: Broadband access and ICT goods imports, 2000-2015 ......................................................................... 35 Figure 15: Broadband access and tariff on ICT goods imports, 2000-2015 ............................................................ 37 Figure 16: Average annual loss in Pacific Island countries by hazard type ............................................................ 39 Figure 17: Mobile-broadband adoption and level of competition, 2016 ............................................................... 53 Figure 18: Rule of law and broadband access, 2000-2016 ..................................................................................... 54 Figure 19: Mobile-broadband adoption and use of e-government services worldwide, 2016 .............................. 56 List of Tables Table 1: ICT and socioeconomic statistics of selected Pacific Island countries ...................................................... 13 Table 2: Fixed-broadband subscriptions per 100 inhabitants ................................................................................ 25 Table 3: Mobile-broadband subscriptions per 100 inhabitants ............................................................................. 25 Table 4: Broadband affordability, 2016.................................................................................................................. 27 Table 5: Trade and tariff profiles by country groups, 2000-2015 .......................................................................... 36 Table 6: Asia-Pacific countries with high exposure to natural disasters ................................................................ 40 Table 7: Fibre-optic cable disruptions in the Pacific, recent examples .................................................................. 45 Table 8: Number of cables linking the country with the rest of the world (including
Load more

Recommended publications
  • PPC-1 Sydney-Guam PIPE Pacific Cable: New Internet Gateway for PNG Via Madang
    Contemporary PNG Studies: DWU Research Journal Volume 15, November 2011 1 PPC-1 Sydney-Guam PIPE Pacific Cable: New Internet Gateway for PNG via Madang Peter K. Anderson Joseph Kim Suwamaru Abstract PPC-1 Sydney Guam PIPE Pacific Cable (PPC1) provides a third Internet gateway for Australia. A branching unit to Madang will be an initial connection for PNG to connect to the Internet via this pathway. The PPC- 1 undersea submarine cable which runs from Guam to Sydney provides a third high speed international gateway to Australia. A branching unit to Madang will be an initial connection for PNG providing a total bandwidth capacity of 10Gbps enabling high speed telecommunication traffic within PNG and also between PNG and the world. This paper presents the technical characteristics of the PPC-1 including the earlier submarine cable facilities. Key words: submarine cable , fiber optic, attenuation, signal amplification, dense wave division multiplexing (DWDM), optical add/drop multiplexing (OADM), branching unit. Introduction The evolving digital revolution is making a seemingly insatiable demand on bandwidth 1. Simultaneous paradigm shifts in telecommunications technology leading to enormous growth of transmission and switching capacity make more digital services available which further fuels the demand for bandwidth. Well known digital online services which drive demands on bandwidth include instant messaging (email) and Web access with file downloads, online shopping or electronic commerce (e.g. purchasing from Amazon.com), Internet banking and video conferencing 2. Emerging bandwidth demanding services include movie and video downloads, real time audio and video streaming, video on demand, free long distance telephone calls (VOIP 3), digital TV, and social networking sites such as Face Book, Twitter and Youtube which provides low definition TV.
    [Show full text]
  • Maximising Availability of International Connectivity in the Pacific
    Thematic reports ITUPublications Regulatory & market environment Maximising availability of international connectivity in the Pacific International Telecommunication Union Telecommunication Development Bureau Place des Nations CH-1211 Geneva 20 Switzerland ISBN: 978-92-61-27451-1 9 7 8 9 2 6 1 2 7 4 5 1 1 Published in Switzerland Geneva, 2018 Maximising availability of connectivity in the Pacific international Photo credits: Shutterstock Maximising availability of international connectivity in the Pacific Acknowledgements This report was prepared by International Telecommunication Union (ITU) expert Matthew O’Rourke and produced by ITU Telecommunication Development Bureau (BDT) in partnership with the Pacific Islands Telecommunications Association and with support from the Government of Australia through Department of Communications and the Arts. ITU would like to acknowledge the information contributed by John Hibbard, Paul McCann, Maui Sanford and delegates from the Pacific island telecommunication ministries, regulators and operators for their contributions to the content of this report. The designations employed and presentation of material in this publication, including maps, do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of ITU concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area, or concerning the delimitations of its frontiers or boundaries. ISBN 978-92-61-27441-2 (Paper version) 978-92-61-27451-1 (Electronic version) 978-92-61-27461-0 (EPUB version) 978-92-61-27471-9 (Mobi version) Please consider
    [Show full text]
  • ITU-Dstudygroups
    ITU-D Study Groups Study period 2018-2021 Broadband development and connectivity solutions for rural and Question 5/1 Telecommunications/ remote areas ICTs for rural and remote areas Executive summary This annual deliverable reviews major backbone telecommunication Annual deliverable infrastructure installation efforts and approaches to last-mile connectivity, 2019-2020 describes current trends in last-mile connectivity and policy interventions and recommended last-mile technologies for use in rural and remote areas, as well as in small island developing States (SIDS). Discussions and contributions made during a workshop on broadband development in rural areas, held in September 2019, have been included in this document, which concludes with two sets of high-level recommendations for regulators and policy-makers, and for operators to use as guidelines for connecting rural and remote communities. 1 More information on ITU-D study groups: E-mail: [email protected] Tel.: +41 22 730 5999 Web: www.itu.int/en/ITU-D/study-groups ITU -D Study Groups Contents Executive summary 1 Introduction 3 Trends in telecommunication/ICT backbone infrastructure 4 Last mile-connectivity 5 Trends in last-mile connectivity 6 Business regulatory models and policies 7 Recommendations and guidelines for regulators and policy-makers 8 Recommendations and guidelines for operators 9 Annex 1: Map of the global submarine cable network 11 Annex 2: Listing of submarine cables (A-Y) 12 2 More information on ITU-D study groups: E-mail: [email protected] Tel.: +41 22 730 5999 Web: www.itu.int/en/ITU-D/study-groups ITU -D Study Groups Introduction The telecommunications/ICT sector and technologies have evolved over a long period of time, starting with ancient communication systems such as drum beating and smoke signals to the electric telegraph, the fixed telephone, radio and television, transistors, video telephony and satellite.
    [Show full text]
  • Entities That Filed a Cable Operator And/Or Capacity Holder Report
    2018 Circuit Capacity Data For U.S.-International Submarine Cables Table 1 Section 43.82 Circuit Capacity Filers (2018) – Entities that filed a cable operator and/or capacity holder report. Table 2 Number of Reports Filed By Submarine Cable Operators (2018) Table 3 Submarine Cable Operator Reports (in Gbps) (2018/2020) – Information on available and planned capacity data for each U.S.-international submarine cable on an individual and regional basis. Table 4 Submarine Cable Operator Capacity Trend Data (in Gbps) – Detailed capacity trend data for each U.S.-international submarine cable. Table 5 Submarine Cable Capacity Holder Reports by Region (2018) – Information regarding capacity holder data (i.e., cable capacity leased or owned) on a regional basis. Table 6 Percentage of Total Available Capacity Reported (2018) – Information regarding the capacity reported in the cable operator reports and owned capacity in the capacity holder reports on a regional basis. Attachment A U.S.-International Submarine Cables – Landing Points by Region, Cable, and Foreign Landing Point Attachment B U.S.-International Submarine Cables – Landing Points by Region, Foreign Landing Point, and Cable Attachment C U.S.-International Submarine Cables – Landing Points by Number of Landing Points Per Country and Region and a Frequency Table Summarizing Foreign Landing Points Per Country Source: International Bureau, Federal Communications Commission For definitions of terms and instructions on filing procedures, please refer to the Filing Manual. Table 1 Section 43.82 Circuit Capacity Filers (2018) Submarine Submarine No. Entities Cable Cable Capacity Operator Holder 1 America Europe Connect Licenses Limited 2 American Samoa Hawaii Cable, LLC 3 ANGOLA CABLES 4 Antilles Crossing-St.
    [Show full text]
  • Regional Systems Issue Issue 38, May 2008
    Issue 38, May 2008 Regional Systems Issue #38 Regional Systems Issue M ay 2008 An international forum for the expression of ideas and opinions pertaining to the submarine telecoms industry Submarine Telecoms Forum is published bi-monthly by WFN Strategies, L.L.C. The publication may not be reproduced or transmitted in any form, in whole or in part, without the permission of the publishers. th ahead. Brett Worrall updates the progress of Welcome to Web 2.0, and to the 38 the PPC-1 system, as Iris Hong reviews the Submarine Telecoms Forum is an independent issue of Submarine Telecoms Forum magazine, com mercial publication, serving as a freely performance of Chinese telecom operators. Jim accessible forum for professionals in industries our Regional Systems edition. Case illustrates the benefits of desktop studies, connected with submarine optical fibre and Guy Arnos discusses design challenges for technologies and techniques. I am pleased to announce that our very undersea systems serving offshore production Liability: while every care is taken in own SubTel Forum has leaped into the next platforms. Jean Devos returns with his ever preparation of this publication, the publishers generation of internet news supply! The cannot be held responsible for the accuracy insightful observations, and of course, our ever of the information herein, or any errors which SubTel Forum website has been completely popular, “where in the world are all those pesky may occur in advertising or editorial content, reconstructed to offer a brilliant array of new cableships” is included as well. or any consequence arising from any errors interactive features, including a discussion or omissions.
    [Show full text]
  • International Ocean Discovery Program Lord Howe Rise Marine
    International Ocean Discovery Program Lord Howe Rise Marine Seismic and Sampling Cnr Jerrabomberra Avenue and Hindmarsh Drive, Survey 2017 Symonston ACT 2609 GPO Box 378, Canberra ACT 2601 Australia Information Sheet for Stakeholders +61 2 6249 9111 www.ga.gov.au ABN 80 091 799 039 Introduction Geoscience Australia (GA) and the Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC) are undertaking a collaborative project with involvement of the international science community to examine the geological and climatic history of the Lord Howe Rise located about 800 km east of Australia. The project comprises four main activities: 1. Deep Seismic Survey for Crustal Structure and Tectonic Framework (completed March–May 2016). 2. Detailed Site Survey at Proposed IODP Drilling Sites (November–December 2017; this information sheet). 3. Deep Stratigraphic Drilling (proposed for 2019/2020, if funded). 4. Processing and storage of data and samples. Information from the surveys and drilling will provide a globally-significant record of the evolution of the Earth’s crust and of climatic and environmental change during the Mesozoic Era (250–66 million years ago). The drilling stage of the project will be conducted through the International Ocean Discovery Program (IODP Proposal 871-CPP). This information sheet describes the timing, location and details of the 2017 Detailed Site Survey and invites comment and enquiries from stakeholders with an interest in the proposed survey area. Survey Location and Timing The Detailed Site Survey will take place in the southern Coral Sea, about 800 km east of Brisbane. Operations will focus on sites that are being considered for IODP drilling (Figure 1).
    [Show full text]
  • 1 Before the FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION Washington, DC 20554 in the Matter of ) ) GU HOLDINGS INC., AARNET PTY
    Before the FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION Washington, D.C. 20554 In the Matter of ) ) GU HOLDINGS INC., AARNET PTY LTD, ) File No. SCL-LIC-2019__________ RTI JGA PTE. LTD., and ) RTI CONNECTIVITY PTE. LTD. ) ) Application for a License to Construct, Land, ) and Operate a Submarine Cable ) Connecting Guam and Australia ) JOINT APPLICATION FOR A CABLE LANDING LICENSE (STREAMLINED PROCESSING REQUESTED) Pursuant to the Act Relating to the Landing and Operation of Submarine Cables in the United States, 47 U.S.C. §§ 34-39, Executive Order 10,530, and 47 C.F.R. § 1.767, GU Holdings Inc., AARNet Pty Ltd, RTI JGA Pte. Ltd., and RTI Connectivity Pte. Ltd. (collectively, “Applicants”) request a license to construct, land, and operate a private, non-common carrier fiber-optic submarine cable system connecting Guam and Australia. The cable system will be known as Japan-Guam-Australia (“JGA”) South.1 Applicants will operate the system on a non-common-carrier basis, by using system capacity as an input for services offered by themselves and their affiliates, or by providing bulk capacity to wholesale and enterprise customers on particularized terms and conditions pursuant to individualized negotiations. 1 JGA South will be separately owned and operated from the planned JGA North system between Guam and Japan. RTI Solutions, Inc., RTI JGA Pte. Ltd., and RTI Connectivity Pte. Ltd. are seeking a separate cable landing license from the Commission with respect to JGA North. See File No. SCL-LIC-20181106-00035. 1 Grant of the license will serve the public interest, convenience, and necessity. JGA South will provide significant new and replacement capacity on the Guam-Australia route, where demand is increasing substantially each year.
    [Show full text]
  • The Status of Satellite Telecommunication in the Pacific Subregion
    The status of Satellite Telecommunication in the Pacific subregion The Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific (ESCAP) serves as the United Nations’ regional hub promoting cooperation among countries to achieve inclusive and sustainable development. The largest regional intergovernmental platform with 53 member States and 9 associate members, ESCAP has emerged as a strong regional think tank offering countries sound analytical products that shed insight into the evolving economic, social and environmental dynamics of the region. The Commission’s strategic focus is to deliver on the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, which it does by reinforcing and deepening regional cooperation and integration to advance connectivity, financial cooperation and market integration. ESCAP’s research and analysis coupled with its policy advisory services, capacity building and technical assistance to governments aim to support countries’ sustainable and inclusive development ambitions. The shaded areas of the map indicate ESCAP members and associate members. Disclaimer: The Asia-Pacific Information Superhighway Working Paper Series of the Information and Communications Technology and Disaster Risk Reduction Division provides policy-relevant analysis on regional trends and challenges in support of the development of the Asia-Pacific Information Superhighway and inclusive development. The views expressed herein are those of the authors, and do not necessarily reflect the views of the United Nations. This working paper has been issued without formal editing, and the designations employed and material presented do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Secretariat of the United Nations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area, or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries.
    [Show full text]
  • 2014 Submarine Cable Market Industry Report
    submarineSUBMARINE TELECOMS telecomsINDUSTRY REPORT INDUSTRY REPORT ISSUE 3 2014 Authored by TABLE OF CONTENTS 5.3 North America-South America Regional Market 56 5.3.1 Bandwidth and Capacity 57 Foreword 10 5.3.2 New Systems 59 Introduction 14 5.4 Australia and New Zealand 66 1. Executive Summary 15 5.4.1 Bandwidth and Capacity 67 2. Worldwide Market Analysis and Outlook 24 5.4.2 New Systems 70 2.1 Overview of Historical System Investment 24 5.5 Sub-Saharan Africa 78 2.2 2008 to 2014 Systems in Review 26 5.5.1 Bandwidth and Capacity 79 2.3 Systems Investment in 2015 and Beyond 27 5.5.2 New Systems 84 3. Supplier Analysis 32 5.6 South Asia & Middle East / Europe-Asia 86 3.1 System Suppliers 32 5.6.1 Bandwidth and Capacity 87 3.2 Upgrade Suppliers 33 5.6.2 New Systems 91 4. Ownership Financing Analysis 38 5.7 Pan-East Asian 94 5. Regional Market Analysis and Capacity Outlook 40 5.7.1 Bandwidth and Capacity 95 5.1 Transatlantic Regional Market 40 5.7.2 New Systems 97 5.1.1 Bandwidth and Capacity 41 5.8 Polar Route 98 5.1.2 New Systems 44 6. Conclusion 102 5.2 Transpacific Regional Market 48 5.2.1 Bandwidth and Capacity 49 5.2.2 Planned Systems 51 5.2.3 New Systems 52 List of Figures Figure 14: Chinese International Internet Bandwidth, 52 2003-2013 Figure 1: Existing vs. Planned Cables 24 Figure 15: Chinese Operators’ Share of China’s Figure 2: Investment in New Submarine Fiber Optic 55 25 International Internet Bandwidth, 2014 Projects, 1987-2014 ($Billions by RFS Date) Figure 16: Existing vs.
    [Show full text]
  • ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT for the Japan-Guam-Australia (JGA) South Telecommunications Cable Landing Within the Marianas Trench Marine National Monument
    ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT for the Japan-Guam-Australia (JGA) South Telecommunications Cable Landing within the Marianas Trench Marine National Monument Prepared for: United States Department of the Interior U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and RTI Solutions Inc. 268 Bush Street #77 San Francisco, CA 94104 Prepared by: Duenas, Camacho & Associates, Inc. 238 E. Marine Corps Drive Suite 201 Diamond Plaza Hagatna, Guam 96910 August 2019 JGA South Cable Landing in the MTMNM EA Cover Sheet Environmental Assessment for the Japan-Guam-Australia South (JGA South) Telecommunications Cable Landing within the Marianas Trench Marine National Monument Responsible Agency: U.S. Department of the Interior, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Point of Contact: Ms. Danielle Zarlengo, USFWS Summary: RTI Solutions, Inc. (RTI) is proposing to land a portion of the Japan-Guam- Australia South (JGA South) telecommunications cable within the Marianas Trench Marine National Monument (MTMNM). This Environmental Assessment (EA), in accordance with the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA), examines the potential impacts of the No Action Alternative, and Proposed Action Alternative, including the preferred alternative. Under the No Action Alternative, RTI would not land the cable through the MTMNM, and the cable would be routed several hundred miles around the MTMNM. The No Action Alternative would impact the economic feasibility of the project by increasing the total linear distance of cable needed. The Proposed Action Alternative would land the cable through the MTMNM, which is a marine national monument managed under the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Refuge System. The JGA South cable is needed to provide connectivity between Guam and Australia within the greater Japan-Guam-Australia network.
    [Show full text]
  • TCL Filed: September 30, 2010 (Period: March 31, 2010)
    ® ℠ Morningstar Document Research FORM 20-F TATA COMMUNICATIONS LTD - TCL Filed: September 30, 2010 (period: March 31, 2010) Annual and transition report of foreign private issuers pursuant to sections 13 or 15(d) Table of Contents As filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on September 30, 2010 UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION Washington, D.C. 20549 FORM 20-F (Mark One) � Registration statement pursuant to section 12(b) or (g) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 ⌧ Annual Report pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 For the fiscal year ended March 31, 2010 � Transition Report pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 For the Transition period from to � Shell Company Report pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 Commission File Number 001-15118 TATA COMMUNICATIONS LIMITED (FORMERLY KNOWN AS VIDESH SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED) (Exact name of Registrant as specified in its charter) Not Applicable (Translation of Registrant’s name into English) The Republic of India (Jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) Sanjay Baweja Tel No: +91-22-6657 8765 Facsimile: +91-22-6725 9029 Address: 6th floor, B Tower, Plots C21& C36, ‘G’ Block, Bandra Kurla Complex, Mumbai-400 098, INDIA (Name, telephone, facsimile number and address of company contact person) VSB, Mahatma Gandhi Road, Fort, Mumbai—400001, INDIA (Address of principal executive offices) Securities registered or to be registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act: Title of Each Class Name of Each Exchange on Which Registered American Depositary Shares* New York Stock Exchange Equity Shares, par value Rs.
    [Show full text]
  • Regional Telecoms Backbone Network Assessment and Implementation Options Study
    Regional telecoms backbone network assessment and implementation options study Regional telecoms backbone network assessment and implementation options study For a better Pacific Connectivity --- Draft Report for Consultations --- October 8th 2008 1 Polyconseil – Draft Report for Consultations All rights reserved – 2008 Regional telecoms backbone network assessment and implementation options study Content Executive summary .................................................................................................................... 3 1. Introduction ....................................................................................................................... 9 2. Country information ........................................................................................................ 13 3. International communications demand .......................................................................... 21 4. Considering satellite ........................................................................................................ 63 5. Submarine cables in service............................................................................................. 77 6. Current projects of submarine cables ............................................................................. 89 7. Description of possible scenarios / routes ...................................................................... 97 8. Methodology for costing scenarios ............................................................................... 112 9. Scenarios
    [Show full text]