Lanka Bell Lanka MALDIVES WARF PAKISTAN TAJIKISTAN KAZAKHSTAN Astana KYRGYZSTAN Mumbai Islamabad New Delhi 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000
500 Dhiraagu-SLT Bishkek LIT VERSUSPOTENTIAL CAPACITIES HOW ISCAPACITY USED? capacity lit. capacity potential its of percent 72 has Europe-Asia—which the of exception the with routes, undersea major on lit been has capacity potential of percent 30 than less upgrades, these with Even boosted. was systems existing of capacity the as 2009 in routes cable undersea major on increased has lit is that capacity potential of share the 2002, Since only 34 percent of lit capacity. lit of percent 34 only for accounted bandwidth used while purchased, was bandwidth the of percent 78 route, trans-Atlantic the on 2009 in Forexample, capacity. used and lit purchased, between gaps the to contribute also inefficiencies market and times lead upgrade structures, Contract capacity. “unused” but constitutes“purchased” redundancy—this and restoration for reserve in hold to mainly traffic, by consumed amount the beyond capacity of amount striking a purchase Carriers traffic. voice switched and network, private Internet, carrying circuits includes capacity” “Used “sold.” strictly not albeit use, owner-operator for service into put bandwidth includes also capacity “Purchased” carriers. other to bandwidth sell to systems their on capacity on) (turn light operators cable Submarine Tbps
Gbps 2010 INDIA POTENTIAL LIT Chennai SAFE Cable System Cable Lanka Bharat
ACS Alaska-Oregon Network (40/2560) OCEAN INDIAN Colombo LANKA SRI NEPAL Aden – Djibouti (n.a.) CHINA
Trans-Atlantic
Tata TGN - Tata Indicom Tata - TGN Tata SeaMeWe-4
Alaska United East (20/50) i2icn
FLAG Europe-Asia Kolkata
SeaMeWe-3 Kathmandu BANGLADESH exchange business-critical data. data. exchangebusiness-critical providers service network and cloud, content, services, financial enterprises, global where points interconnection and providekey peering and network cables world’ssubmarine the toproximity close in located strategically are centers data (IBX®) Exchange™ Business International Equinix’s countries. 10 keyin 19 markets in space center data carrier-neutral of feet square five million than more of comprised platform delivery service global a provides Equinix EQUINIX ABOUT Bengal Bay of Bay Alaska United West (20/640) Dhaka Thimphu SUBMARINE CABLE ANDEQUINIXDATA CENTERMAP ALPAL-2 (40/160) BHUTAN
Americas-II (80/370) MYANMAR Rangoon Cable System Cable Dumai-Melaka
APCN (10) 30 Batam-Rengit Singapore APCN-2 (1920/8960) THAILAND MALAYSIA Vientiane Bangkok MONGOLIA Phnom Penh
Kuala Lumpur
LAOS Apollo (3400/10240) APCN CAMBODIA 53 Tbps Potential Capacity
Ulaanbaatar TIS Hanoi
VIETNAM ARCOS (280/6000) AAG MIC-1
Jakarta JASURAUS
Trans-Pacific Asia-America Gateway (500/1920) SeaMeWe-3
EAC-C2C APCN JAKABARE
Hong Kong Matrix Cable System Cable Matrix Matrix Cable System Cable Matrix MALAYSIA 60 Atlantic Crossing-1 (1200/5760) FLAG Europe-Asia Macau 13 Tbps Lit Capacity
SeaMeWe-3 Tata TGN–Intra Asia Atlantis-2 (40/160) APCN-2 Beijing Begawan Bandar Seri
BRUNEI TOKYO
Perth EAC-C2C Nanjing
Atlas Offshore (40/320) APCN Shanghai INDONESIA 10 Tbps Purchased Capacity TAIWAN Taipei
China- Taiwan Australia-Japan Cable (240/1000) YellowSea U.S. –LatinAmerica Manila EAC-C2C
Bahamas 2 (2.5/12.5) TPE 4.6 Tbps Used Capacity PHILIPPINES 90 Pyongyang NORTH EAC-C2C KOREA
Bahamas Internet Cable System (12.5) Dili KOREA SOUTH AUSTRALIA EAST TIMOR Seoul Bahamas – Haiti (n.a.)
FLAG/Reach North Asia Loop APCN-2 Arafura Sea Arafura Sea of Japan of Sea KJCN
Batam-Rengit Cable System (10) Gateway Asia-America EAC-C2C
Intra-Asia Guam-Philippines Hiroshima
Tata TGN–Intra Asia Osaka Internet BERYTAR (n.a.) 77.3% Cable Network Cable Russia–Japan PALAU Tokyo Bharat Lanka Cable System (20/960) JAPAN HSCS 0.3% 120 Switched Voice Black Sea Fiber Optic Cable System (2.5/20) RUSSIAN FEDERATION
TasmanSea TPC 5 TPC GUAM Sapporo
CADMOS (n.a.) Port Moresby GUINEA NEW PAPUA Sea of Okhostk of Sea Melbourne 22.4% Private Networks
CANTAT 3 (5) Canberra PIPE PPC-1 PIPE Sydney
Caribbean – Bermuda U.S. (n.a.) Sea Coral Brisbane
Caucasus Cable System (80/1920) Europe –Asia
150 HANTRU-1 Cayman-Jamaica Fiber System (40) Australia-Japan
Asia-America Gateway
TPC 5 Japan-U.S.
TPE China-U.S. Japan-U.S. TataTGN-Pacific PC-1 TataTGN-Pacific TPC 5 TPC Unity China-U.S.
Challenger (40/320) PC-1 Southern Cross Southern Gondwana-1
Optikor/Pipe Pacific Cable-2 (PPC-2) Cable-2 Pacific Optikor/Pipe Southern Cross Honaira
China-U.S. Cable Network (160) ISLANDS SOLOMON CALEDONIA NEW
CFX-I (100/1920) Noumea
Columbus-III (160/320) MICRONESIA VANUATU
Curacao-Trinidad Cable System (20/1920) MONTHLY MEDIAN LEASE PRICE ($) PRICE LEASE SPIN Auckland DANICE (100/5120) $10,000 $20,000 $30,000 TUVALU ZEALAND NEW
Dhiraagu-SLT Submarine Cable Network (20/160) Wellington FIJI ARCTIC OCEAN ARCTIC Investment Unit (MIU) for capacity purchase on submarine cables. submarine on purchase capacity for (MIU) Unit Investment Minimum the is frequently circuit STM-1 An fees. installation of exclusive prices, lease monthly STM-1 median shows below presented comparison price historical The Mbps). (155 STM-1 as such standard (SDH) Hierarchy Digital Synchronous on based circuits sell cables all nearly common, more become have capacity Ethernet long-haul and wavelengths optical high-capacity of sales the While governments. and enterprises, providers, service Internet carriers, telecommunications including customers of variety wide a to sold is capacity cable Submarine STM-1 PRICETRENDS Dumai-Melaka Cable System (20/320) Suva 2005
EAC–C2C (1820/20480) PACIFICOCEAN WESTERN Bering Sea Bering Chukchi Sea Chukchi SAMOA FARICE (100/720) TONGA
SPIN 2006 Fiber Optic Gulf (15/30) AMERICAN American Samoa American – Samoa
Fibralink (60/480) SAMOA Japan-U.S.
Asia-America Gateway
FLAG Atlantic-1 (1640/9720) Southern Cross 2007
TPC 5 Telstra Endeavour
FLAG Europe-Asia (85/320) Southern Cross American Samoa–Hawaii FLAG FALCON (90/5120) Honolulu KIRIBATI 2008 FRENCH POLYNESIA FLAG North Asia Loop/REACH North Asia Loop (2220/7680)
Southern Cross Kodiak Kenai
Gemini Bermuda (20/320) Honotua
Georgia-Russia (2.5/10) 2009
GLO-1 (640/2560) Anchorage LONDON –NEWYORK HONG KONG –TOKYO LOS ANGELES–TOKYO MIAMI –SÃO PAULO
Global Caribbean Network (10/1280) Gulf of Alaska of Gulf
Trans-PacificExpress GlobeNet (720/3840) Beaufort Sea Beaufort TataTGN-Pacific TataTGN-Pacific
Southern Cross Southern ACS Alaska–Oregon ACS
Asia-America Gateway Alaska United West United Alaska Japan-U.S. China-U.S. China-U.S.
GO-1 Mediterranean Cable System (20/480) Southern Cross Japan-U.S. TPC 5 TPC
Unity PC-1 PC-1
NorthStar Alaska United East United Alaska
TPC 5 Gondwana-1 (20/640)
Greece-Western Europe Network (160) SEAK
Greenland Connect (20/1920) $12 $15 $3 $6 $9 Cable routes are stylized anddonotreflect physical cable location. 2012. Mapdoesnotdepictproposed cables thathave notannounced landingsorconfiguration. Planned systems are cables underconstruction orthosethatare scheduled to enter service by In-service cables includedhave anannounced Readyfor Service (RFS) date byDecember 31,2009. of 5Gbpsafter fullupgrades. Intra-European cables intheNorthandBalticSeasare notdepicted. Map depictsin-service andplannedinternational andU.S.domestic cables withaminimumcapacity FIBER-OPTIC SUBMARINECABLE SYSTEMS In-service system Guam-Philippines Cable System (5/40) 2011. and 2010 between service enter could cables new of worth billion $5.5 approximately that estimates TeleGeography years. coming in service entering cables new of value the in rebound considerable a portends construction under systems new of number large The 2007. through 2004 from service entering cables all on billion $1.6 than more little a only spent developers contrast, In billion. $13.5 nearly was service entering systems cable submarine new all of cost the 2001 In years. several past the over systems cable submarine new on spent capital of amount the examining when evident particularly is industry cable submarine the of cycle bust and boom The CONSTRUCTION COSTS regulatory approval andclosing conditions, in2010. Equinix andSwitch andData have entered into anAgreement andPlanofMerger whichisexpected to close, subjectto DATA CENTERMETROLOCATION LEGEND METRO LOCATIONS EQUINIX DATA CENTERS BILLIONS Washington DC Silicon Valley New York Los Angeles Dallas Chicago N. AMERICA 1997
HANNIBAL System (40/9600) 1998
Hibernia Atlantic (1280/15360) Vancouver 1999 Portland San Francisco Seattle Silicon Valley Zurich Paris Munich London Geneva Frankfurt Düsseldorf Amsterdam EUROPE
Hokkaido-Sakhalin Cable System (40/640) 2000 Los Angeles
i2i Cable Network (160/8400) 2001 CANADA
PAC UNITED STATES JAKABARE (160/1280) 2002 Calgary Data Solutions(SDS) center withShanghai *Partnership data Tokyo Sydney Shanghai* Singapore Hong Kong ASIA-PACIFIC Edmonton Planned system
2003 PAC
Japan-U.S. Cable Network (1600/2560) Phoenix 2004
JASURAUS (5) Denver 2005 MEXICO KELTRA-2 (20) SWITCH ANDDATA DATA CENTERS METRO LOCATIONS Miami Los Angeles Indianapolis Detroit Denver Dallas Cleveland Buffalo Boston Chicago Atlanta N. AMERICA 2006
Kodiak Kenai Fiber Link (5/640) Mexico City 2007 NUMBER OF CABLES
Korea-Japan Cable Network (100/5760) 2008 Houston
Kuwait-Iran (2.5/480) 2009 Dallas Washington DC Toronto Tampa San Francisco St. Louis Pittsburgh Pheonix Philadelphia New York Nashville 2010 Guatemala San Salvador Lanka Bell Sri Lanka-India (n.a./1280) ESTIMATED GUATEMALA St. Louis Gulf of Mexico of Gulf EL SALVADOR Chicago Belmopan 2011
Lev Submarine System (120/360) BELIZE Indianapolis Nashville Managua 10 15 20 HONDURAS Hudson Bay Hudson 5 Lion (n.a./1280) COSTA RICA Atlanta Tegucigalpa San Jose NICARAGUA Detroit
Matrix Cable System (100/2560) ARCOS Cleveland
Cayman-Jamaica Pittsburgh SAm-1 Washington DC PANAMA
Caribbean Sea Caribbean Pan American Pan Tampa
Havana
Miami Maya-1 (145/245) SAC/LAN
Bahamas2 CUBA ECUADOR
JAMAICA SAC/LAN Maya-1 Toronto
Kingston
Panamá Med Cable Network (20/1280) SAm-1 Philadelphia
PERU Quito
Manasquan Buffalo Seahorse-1 SAC/LAN Ottawa THE BAHAMAS Port-au-Prince Haiti Bahamas- Lima Brookhaven MAC Long Beach MedNautilus Submarine System (420/7680) COLOMBIA Pan American CFX-1 BICS GlobeNet Bellport New York
Shirley
Venezuela–Cuba Bogota SAm-1 Quebec HAITI
Montreal
Mid-Atlantic Crossing (1090/6400) Seahorse-1
Fibralink
Americas-II GlobeNet Boston REPUBLIC DOMINICAN Domingo Santo
Santiago
Moratelindo International Cable System-1 (10) ARGENTINA Gemini Bermuda Gemini CHILE Caracas
VENEZUELA
Antillas-1
Baffin Bay Baffin MAC
La Paz RICO PUERTO Bermuda-1 Challenger
NorthStar (20/120) GlobeNet Apollo Gemini-Bermuda Tata TGN-Atlantic Sucre Curaçao–Trinidad GUADELOUPE BOLIVIA FA-1 MAC AC-1 Apollo Yellow/AC-2 MARTINIQUE GCN
Pacific Crossing-1 (1060/3200) GRENADA C-BUS BERMUDA SMPR-1 VIRGIN ISLANDS Buenos Aires
Pan American (140) Georgetown ANTIGUA PARAGUAY GUYANA DOMINICA Asunción ST. VINCENT TRINIDAD &TOBAGO ST. LUCIA Pan-American Crossing (190/800) SURINAME URUGUAY Guyana – Suriname Montevideo Paramaribo Pipe Pacific Cable-1 (140/1920) Cayenne Uruguay – Argentina Godthab FRENCH GUIANA
BRAZIL Qatar-UAE Submarine Cable System (n.a./20) Americas-II
Greenland Connect 1999 GlobeNet
Columbus-III Apollo FA-1 TAT-14 AC-1 Yellow/AC-2 FA-1 Tata TGN-Atlantic Apollo Tata TGN-Atlantic Hibernia Atlantic
routed via Russia or the U.S. the or Russia via routed capacity Europe-Asia excludes and Europe and East Middle the between capacity available reflect capacity Europe-Asia Atlantis-2. excludes capacity Telstra Endeavour. and Trans-Atlantic Cross Southern excludes capacity Trans-Pacific Japan. and Kong Hong both in landings with cables includes capacity Intra-Asia ring. the of halves both of sum the on based is capacity lit rings, collapsed or self-healing as configured systems year. respective For the of end the at capacity lit denote figures Capacity AC-1 LIT SUBMARINECABLE CAPACITY TAT-14 Hibernia Atlantic Russia-Japan Cable Network (60/1280) SAC/LAN São Paulo
Atlantis-2 SAm-1
EUROPE ASIA EUROPE INTRA ASIA U.S. LATIN AMERICA TRANS PACIFIC TRANS ATLANTIC Brasilia GlobeNet
SAC/LAN Rio deJaneiro 2000 SAFE (220/440) SAm-1 ATLANTICOCEAN
Saint Maarten Puerto Rico Network One (2.5) 2001 GREENLAND
SAT-3/WASC (170/340) 2002
Greenla Saudi Arabia-Sudan-1 (10/1280) Atlantis-2
nd Connect
2003 GlobeNet SEACOM (250/1280) SAC/LAN SAm-1
GlobeNet
SeaMeWe-3 (90) 2004
SeaMeWe-4 (1350/1700) AZORES 2005 Atlantis-2
SHEFA-2 (n.a./570)
2006 Tata TGN-Atlantic Tata TGN-Atlantic Hibernia Atlantic VERDE CAPE South America-1 (2000/3840) Yellow/AC-2 GUINEA BISSAU
TAT-14 Apollo Apollo
FA-1 AC-1 FA-1 Reykjavik 2007
South American Crossing/Latin American Nautical (960/3840) GAMBIA Main One ICELAND Columbus-III Southeast Alaska (10/640) 2008 SIERRA LEONE
Dakar Hibernia Atlantic Greenland Sea Greenland Banjul Nouakchott
Bissau WACS
Southern Cross Cable Network (860/8000) SENEGAL MAURITANIA WESTERN Europe India Gatway 2009 SAHARA Conakry GLO-1 Freetown GUINEA TAT-14 (1870/3200) SAT-3 FLAG Europe-Asia ACE Tata TGN-Western Europe LIBERIA Bamako
10 15 20 25 30 35 SeaMeWe-3 AC-1 Monrovia
Tbps 5
ACE N. IRELAND
Main One Main IRELAND MOROCCO
Tata TGN-Atlantic (1560/8000) Lisbon
GLO-1 Dublin Belfast FARICE Gibraltar PORTUGAL D'IVOIRE Abidjan COTE Tata TGN-Intra Asia (900/3840) Rabat BURKINA FASO Land’s End SPAIN Glasgow Cardiff KINGDOM Madrid UNITED Tata TGN-Pacific (3140/15360) Newcastle MALI London GHANA Manchester SHEFA-2 Accra CANTAT-3 DANICE TAT-14 Ouagadougou Barcelona
Atlas Offshore
Tata TGN-Tata Indicom (320/5120) TOGO ALGERIA Lome Paris FRANCE GLOBAL LITSUBMARINECABLE CAPACITY by carriers, ISPs, and enterprises to carry Internet, voice, and private network traffic across international borders. international across traffic network private and voice, Internet, carry to enterprises and ISPs, carriers, by deployed capacity of amount the measures (Gbps)” Country by Bandwidth International rapidly. “Used increased have routes Europe-Asia and intra-Asian the on rates growth the while slowed, has capacity trans-Atlantic lit of growth annual the years, recent In 2009. in Tbps 13 over to soared has capacity cable trans-Atlantic total then, Since Kbps. 640 only of capacity initial an had and 1958 in Europe to America North TAT-1, connected system, cable submarine telephony intercontinental first The North Sea North BENIN Norwegian Sea Norwegian by Country(Gbps) Used International Bandwidth Marseille Niamey PRINCIPE SAO TOME & Tata TGN-Western Europe (640/7680) Porto Novo Brussels Lyon
Algiers BELGIUM 1 1 -49 50 -199 200 -999 1,000+ ALPAL-2 Monaco GUINEA EQUATORIAL Geneva
NETHERLANDS Zurich
Telstra Endeavour (80/1280) Cable Med LUX. SeaMeWe-4 BARSAV Amsterdam
WACS NIGERIA Abuja SWITZERLAND DENMARK TUNISIA NORWAY
SAT-3 Milan
NIGER
ACE IMEWE FLAG Hawk FLAG Tunis Thailand-Indonesia-Singapore (30/320) GERMANY Hannibal Düsseldorf Malabo ARCTIC OCEAN ARCTIC CAMEROON Oslo LEICH. GABON Libreville Frankfurt Hamburg KELTRA-2 GO-1 Munich LEV
The East African Marine System (120/1280) ITALY Yaounde Brazzaville Berlin SLOVENIA Tripoli Ljubljana AUSTRIA Copenhagen SWEDEN Rome TeleGeography CZECH REP. Luanda Vienna CONGO Windhoek Prague Stockholm TPC 5 (40) Mediterranean NAMIBIA MALTA N’Djamena Sarajevo ANGOLA Podgorica Kinshasa CROATIA LIBYA VMSCS Zagreb Bangui & HERZ. BOSNIA Melita 1 Melita CENTRAL AFRICAN Sea GWEN HUNGARY POLAND
Trans-Pacific Express (1280/3200) Tirane CHAD Bratislava Baltic MONT.
Sea TE North TE REPUBLIC Cape Town
SOUTH AFRICA MedNautilus ALBANIA SLOVAKIA Budapest
Transworld (20/1280) SERBIA OF CONGO Belgrade GREECE DEM. REP. Warsaw MACEDONIA Athens BOTSWANA Skopje LITHUANIA Bloemfontein Sã Gaborone Riga Helsinki UGARIT (n.a.) ROMANIA Johannesburg Sofia FINLAND
BULGARIA MENA ZAMBIA ESTONIA LATVIA Tallin Pretoria BELARUS Vilnius SAFE Bujumbura MOLDOVA Vodafone Malta-Sicily Cable System (60/960) Lusaka Bucharest LESOTHO ZIMBABWE Chisinau SUDAN Minsk Maseru EGYPT Kigali SWAZILAND Mbabane Harare
WARF Submarine Cable (n.a.) System Cable Caucasus BSFOCS Khartoum Cairo Kampala
UKRAINE BURUNDI Odessa St. Petersburg CYPRUS UGANDA Lilongwe Kiev RWANDA LEBANON ISRAEL Maputo Dodoma Yellow/Atlantic Crossing-2 (2300/3600) MOZAMBIQUE Black Sea Black
CADMOS MALAWI Ankara TURKEY
TANZANIA SAS-1 Addis Ababa Dar esSalaam JORDAN ERITREA Moscow
UGARIT Beirut KENYA Amman Asmara Damascus
capacity inunprotected terms. of atleast 5Gbps.Intra-European cables are excluded. Figures denote cables in-service asofyear-end 2009withamaximumupgradeable capacity NOTES: Cables shown includeinternational andU.S.domestic submarine SUBMARINE CABLE CAPACITY
Nairobi Georgia-Russia
SYRIA Barents Sea Barents ETHIOPIA Red Sea Red Berytar Lit capacity asofDecember 2009(Gbps) FEDERATION
OTHER SYSTEMS EUROPE-ASIA INTRA-ASIA TRANS-PACIFIC LATIN AMERICA &CARIBBEAN TRANS-ATLANTIC SEACOM Aden-Djibouti DJIBOUTI Rostov RUSSIAN 500 Djibouti Baghdad ARMENIA Mogadishu Yerevan GEORGIA MADAGASCAR IRAQ Moroni ARABIA Antananarivo EASSy COMOROS 500 SAUDI Kuwait City Sanaa KUWAIT
TEAMS Riyadh Tbilisi SOMALIA AZERBAIJAN
Europe India Gateway BAHRAIN SEYCHELLES SEACOM Caspian Baku YEMEN Sea 50 QATAR Qatar-U.A.E.
Kuwait-Iran
Lion Lion FOG Tehran Doha FLAG FALCON FLAG Gulf Bridge Gulf 10 U.A.E. INDIAN OCEAN INDIAN OMAN IRAN POTENTIAL RÉUNION CAPACITY = TURKMENISTAN
FLAG FALCON Dhabi Abu
FLAG Europe-Asia Muscat SeaMeWe-3 LIT MAURITIUS Asgabat Sea Aral UZBEKISTAN CABLE (50/100) AFGHANISTAN
LIT Transworld SeaMeWe-4 SeaMeWe-4
Gulf Bridge Gulf KAZAKHSTAN
SAFE Arabian IMEWE POTENTIAL Sea Sea Dushanbe SEACOM exceeds 3000Gbps Lit capacity exceeds 3000Gbps Potential capacity Tashkent PAKISTAN Kabul TAJIKISTAN Astana Mumbai