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2010 SUBMARINE CABLE AND EQUINIX DATA CENTER MAP TeleGeography Greenland Sea ARCTIC OCEAN ARCTIC OCEAN GREENLAND Baffin Bay ABOUT EQUINIX Beaufort Sea Barents Sea Equinix provides a global service delivery Chukchi Sea platform comprised of more than five million square feet of carrier-neutral data center space in 19 key markets in 10 countries. RUSSIAN FEDERATION Equinix’s International Business Exchange™ ICELAND Reykjavik Godthab FARICE Norwegian Sea (IBX®) data centers are strategically located SWEDEN FINLAND CANTAT-3 NORWAY Baltic in close proximity to the world’s submarine DANICE Sea Anchorage TAT-14 nd Connect Greenla Helsinki cables and provide key network peering Oslo St. Petersburg Kodiak Kenai Hudson Bay RUSSIAN Stockholm Tallin Gulf of Alaska and interconnection points where global ESTONIA Bering Sea SHEFA-2 FEDERATION Bellport Yellow/AC-2 Hibernia Atlantic AC-1 enterprises, financial services, content, Shirley Apollo Riga LATVIA DENMARK Sea of Okhostk CANADA AC-1 Copenhagen Moscow Alaska United East North Sea Brookhaven Glasgow LITHUANIA MAC cloud, and network service providers Vilnius Alaska UnitedNorthStar West SEAK N. IRELAND Newcastle ACS Alaska–Oregon FA-1 Belfast Minsk Edmonton Long Beach Greenland Connect Greenland Manchester Hamburg exchange business-critical data. Dublin IRELAND UNITED NETHERLANDS Berlin TOKYO Warsaw BELARUS Tata TGN-Atlantic KINGDOM Amsterdam Astana Cardiff Astana Gemini-Bermuda London GERMANY Calgary BELGIUM POLAND Manasquan Apollo Düsseldorf Kiev Land’s End Brussels Prague Vancouver LUX. Frankfurt CZECH REP. Hibernia Atlantic SLOVAKIA UKRAINE KAZAKHSTAN GlobeNet KAZAKHSTAN Ulaanbaatar Paris Munich Bratislava Vienna Zurich Budapest MOLDOVA Seattle Tata TGN-AtlanticApollo Chisinau Hibernia Atlantic Geneva LEICH. AUSTRIA Quebec FRANCE HUNGARY Odessa Rostov TAT-14 SWITZERLAND Ljubljana Zagreb MONGOLIA HSCS Ottawa ROMANIA Portland AC-1 Tata TGN-AtlanticFA-1 Lyon SLOVENIA CROATIA Tata TGN-Pacific Tata TGN-Pacific Montreal Milan Belgrade Aral BOSNIA Bucharest Caspian PC-1 PC-1 Toronto Yellow/AC-2 Georgia-Russia Sea Hibernia Atlantic AC-1 Monaco & HERZ. Sea Boston SERBIA Southern Cross TAT-14 Marseille Sarajevo BSFOCS Sapporo BARSAV Sofia Black Sea Tata TGN-Pacific Tata TGN-Pacific ITALY MONT. Caucasus Cable System Russia–Japan Tata TGN-Atlantic Bishkek SeaMeWe-4 GEORGIA UNITED STATES Detroit Buffalo FA-1 BULGARIA UZBEKISTAN Cable Network TPC 5 TPC 5 New York Podgorica Chicago Apollo Barcelona Rome Skopje Med Cable Tbilisi KYRGYZSTAN Tirane MACEDONIA China-U.S. China-U.S. Cleveland Apollo PORTUGAL AZERBAIJAN Philadelphia ALBANIA ARMENIA Tashkent Beijing Japan-U.S. Tata TGN-Atlantic NORTH Japan-U.S. Pittsburgh ACE Ankara Indianapolis Madrid FLAG Hawk Baku FA-1 Yerevan KOREA TPE Trans-Pacific Express SeaMeWe-3 GWEN Denver GLO-1 ALPAL-2 IMEWE GREECE TURKMENISTAN Lisbon KELTRA-2 Sea of Japan Washington DC Yellow/AC-2 WACS Dushanbe TAJIKISTAN Pyongyang St. Louis SPAIN TURKEY Tata TGN-Western Europe TGN-Western Tata Asgabat Yellow Sea AC-1 Europe-Asia FLAG San Francisco Gemini Bermuda India Gatway Europe Athens Seoul AZORES Atlas Offshore TAJIKISTAN Challenger Bermuda-1 VMSCS TAT-14 MedNautilus CHINA JAPAN Silicon Valley Gibraltar Tunis Melita 1 SOUTH Nashville Columbus-III Algiers Tehran Tokyo Hannibal MALTA CADMOS UGARIT TPE KOREA FA-1 KJCN Los Angeles GO-1 TE North SYRIA Osaka Apollo CYPRUS Kabul PACIFIC OCEAN LEV Berytar Beirut Hiroshima Phoenix Baghdad Atlanta Rabat LEBANON Islamabad Columbus-III AFGHANISTAN BERMUDA TUNISIA Mediterranean Damascus Nanjing MENA IRAN EAC-C2C Tripoli Sea Amman PC-1 PC-1 Dallas ISRAEL IRAQ Shanghai MAC MOROCCO PAKISTAN China-U.S. China-U.S. GlobeNet Kuwait-Iran SAT-3 JORDAN Houston ACE Unity Unity Cairo Kuwait City New Delhi MAC PAKISTAN Japan-U.S. Tampa Americas-II KUWAIT FLAG FALCON NEPAL Kathmandu Seahorse-1 SAm-1 ALGERIA Gulf Bridge Thimphu APCN-2 Japan-U.S. FOG TPC 5 BICS BHUTAN Miami C-BUS EAC-C2C LIBYA PAC THE BAHAMAS China- EGYPT BAHRAIN Taiwan EAC-C2C Southern Cross GlobeNet Gulf of Mexico Riyadh Doha BANGLADESH Taipei MEXICO WESTERN QATAR Abu Transworld Southern Cross Asia-America Gateway Bahamas 2 Seahorse-1 Dhabi Hong Kong SAHARA Qatar-U.A.E. Dhaka TAIWAN Japan-U.S. ARCOS U.A.E. Muscat Gulf Bridge Kolkata FLAG/Reach North Asia Loop Havana SAUDI Macau Tata TGN–Intra Asia INDIA Honolulu CUBA SeaMeWe-4 Hanoi SeaMeWe-3 MYANMAR Bahamas- Main One SAS-1 ARABIA PAC Haiti Fibralink TPC 5 LAOS Antillas-1 SMPR-1 Arabian Mexico City Santo MAURITANIA Red Sea Mumbai TPC 5 HAITI Sea Mumbai Asia-America Gateway Cayman-Jamaica Port-au-Prince Domingo Vientiane APCN ATLANTIC OCEAN CAPE OMAN Bay of BELIZE JAMAICA VIRGIN ISLANDS Nouakchott MALI Rangoon DOMINICAN PUERTO VERDE IMEWE Bengal Guam-Philippines Kingston ANTIGUA VIETNAM Belmopan REPUBLIC RICO NIGER DOMINICA CHAD ERITREA Asia-America Gateway GCN Khartoum Sanaa YEMEN THAILAND Caribbean Sea Venezuela–Cuba TPC 5 GUATEMALA HONDURAS GlobeNet SEACOM Manila Maya-1 GUADELOUPE Dakar Asmara FLAG FALCON Bangkok APCN-2 Guatemala Tegucigalpa SENEGAL Asia-America Gateway MARTINIQUE ST. LUCIA Niamey FLAG Europe-Asia CFX-1 SAm-1 Chennai i2icn San Salvador GAMBIA Banjul Bamako BURKINA FASO PHILIPPINES NICARAGUA ST. VINCENT SUDAN Aden-Djibouti FLAG Europe-Asia CAMBODIA EL SALVADOR SAC/LAN N’Djamena Europe India Gateway GUAM GRENADA Bissau Ouagadougou Tata TGN - Tata Indicom Phnom Penh HANTRU-1 Managua Pan American GlobeNet DJIBOUTI GUINEA BISSAU GUINEA Bharat Lanka SeaMeWe-4 COSTA RICA SAC/LAN BENIN Djibouti Cable System Caracas TRINIDAD & TOBAGO Conakry NIGERIA APCN San Jose Americas-II Addis Ababa SeaMeWe-3 Freetown SOMALIA Panamá Curaçao–Trinidad Suriname – COTE TOGO Abuja SRI AAG PANAMA Guyana Tata TGN–IntraEAC-C2C Asia PALAU LANKA SIERRA LEONE D'IVOIRE GHANA Lanka Bell VENEZUELA Porto Novo ETHIOPIA Southern Cross Monrovia Lome CENTRAL AFRICAN Colombo MICRONESIA Honotua Georgetown FLAG Europe-Asia TIS Abidjan Accra REPUBLIC BRUNEI Telstra Endeavour CAMEROON SeaMeWe-3 Paramaribo LIBERIA MALAYSIA Southern Cross Bogota GUYANA Bangui EAC-C2C Kuala Lumpur Cayenne Atlantis-2 Malabo WARF Bandar Seri Australia-Japan Begawan PIPE PPC-1 EQUATORIAL Dhiraagu-SLT SURINAME Yaounde Singapore American Samoa–Hawaii COLOMBIA GLO-1 GUINEA Mogadishu MALDIVES Dumai-Melaka MALAYSIA KIRIBATI FRENCH UGANDA Cable System GUIANA KENYA SAFE TUVALU Libreville Kampala MIC-1 Quito Main One DEM. REP. Batam-Rengit SAO TOME & CONGO INDIAN OCEAN DATA CENTER METRO LOCATION LEGEND PRINCIPE OF CONGO Nairobi SEACOM APCN ECUADOR GABON Kigali RWANDA EASSy JAKABARE Bujumbura Brazzaville BURUNDI TEAMS Matrix Cable System Kinshasa SAC/LAN Pan American PAPUA EQUINIX DATA CENTERS SWITCH AND DATA DATA CENTERS SAm-1 Dodoma Jakarta INDONESIA NEW SOLOMON GUINEA ISLANDS METRO LOCATIONS METRO LOCATIONS Dar es Salaam EAST TIMOR PERU Luanda Dili TANZANIA Honaira SEYCHELLES Arafura Sea Port Moresby N. AMERICA EUROPE ASIA-PACIFIC N. AMERICA BRAZIL Moroni JASURAUS WESTERN Chicago Amsterdam Hong Kong Atlanta Nashville Lima COMOROS Samoa – SAMOA American Samoa Dallas Düsseldorf Singapore Chicago New York ANGOLA SAFE Lilongwe Lion Los Angeles Frankfurt Shanghai* Boston Philadelphia ZAMBIA MALAWI AMERICAN New York Geneva Sydney Buffalo Pheonix Brasilia Lusaka Coral Sea London Tokyo La Paz VANUATU FIJI SAMOA Silicon Valley Cleveland Pittsburgh ACE WACS Munich BOLIVIA Atlantis-2 SAT-3 Harare MOZAMBIQUE Washington DC *Partnership data Dallas St. Louis GlobeNet Suva Paris Sucre Antananarivo Lion NEW center with Shanghai Denver San Francisco SAC/LAN SAm-1 ZIMBABWE MAURITIUS CALEDONIA SPIN FRENCH POLYNESIA Zurich Data Solutions (SDS) Detroit Tampa GlobeNet NAMIBIA TONGA Toronto SEACOM INDIAN OCEAN Noumea Indianapolis Windhoek BOTSWANA MADAGASCAR RÉUNION Los Angeles Washington DC Rio de Janeiro Matrix Cable System SAC/LAN PARAGUAY SAm-1 São Paulo Gaborone SeaMeWe-3 Miami CHILE AUSTRALIA Asunción Pretoria Maputo Johannesburg Mbabane Brisbane Gondwana-1 SWAZILAND Southern Cross Equinix and Switch and Data have entered into an Agreement and Plan of Merger which is expected to close, subject to SPIN Bloemfontein Maseru regulatory approval and closing conditions, in 2010. LESOTHO Perth SOUTH AFRICA Optikor/Pipe Pacific Cable-2 (PPC-2) Santiago URUGUAY Atlantis-2 Sydney FIBER-OPTIC SUBMARINE CABLE SYSTEMS Cape Town Montevideo SAC/LAN Southern Cross Canberra In-service system Planned system Buenos Aires SAm-1 Argentina – SAFE Uruguay Melbourne Auckland Map depicts in-service and planned international and U.S. domestic cables with a minimum capacity ARGENTINA of 5 Gbps after full upgrades. Intra-European cables in the North and Baltic Seas are not depicted. In-service cables included have an announced Ready for Service (RFS) date by December 31, 2009. Tasman Sea Planned systems are cables under construction or those that are scheduled to enter service by Wellington 2012. Map does not depict proposed cables that have not announced landings or configuration. Cable routes are stylized and do not reflect physical cable location. NEW Lit Capacity ZEALAND 13 Tbps GLOBAL LIT SUBMARINE CABLE CAPACITY HOW IS CAPACITY USED? Purchased Capacity STM-1 PRICE TRENDS CONSTRUCTION COSTS LIT SUBMARINE CABLE CAPACITY 10 Tbps The boom and bust cycle of the submarine cable industry is particularly evident when Capacity figures denote lit capacity at the end of the respective year. For The first intercontinental telephony submarine cable system, TAT-1, connected North America to Europe in 1958 and had an Submarine cable operators light (turn on) capacity on Switched Voice Submarine cable capacity is sold to a wide variety
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  • PPC-1 Sydney-Guam PIPE Pacific Cable: New Internet Gateway for PNG Via Madang

    PPC-1 Sydney-Guam PIPE Pacific Cable: New Internet Gateway for PNG Via Madang

    Contemporary PNG Studies: DWU Research Journal Volume 15, November 2011 1 PPC-1 Sydney-Guam PIPE Pacific Cable: New Internet Gateway for PNG via Madang Peter K. Anderson Joseph Kim Suwamaru Abstract PPC-1 Sydney Guam PIPE Pacific Cable (PPC1) provides a third Internet gateway for Australia. A branching unit to Madang will be an initial connection for PNG to connect to the Internet via this pathway. The PPC- 1 undersea submarine cable which runs from Guam to Sydney provides a third high speed international gateway to Australia. A branching unit to Madang will be an initial connection for PNG providing a total bandwidth capacity of 10Gbps enabling high speed telecommunication traffic within PNG and also between PNG and the world. This paper presents the technical characteristics of the PPC-1 including the earlier submarine cable facilities. Key words: submarine cable , fiber optic, attenuation, signal amplification, dense wave division multiplexing (DWDM), optical add/drop multiplexing (OADM), branching unit. Introduction The evolving digital revolution is making a seemingly insatiable demand on bandwidth 1. Simultaneous paradigm shifts in telecommunications technology leading to enormous growth of transmission and switching capacity make more digital services available which further fuels the demand for bandwidth. Well known digital online services which drive demands on bandwidth include instant messaging (email) and Web access with file downloads, online shopping or electronic commerce (e.g. purchasing from Amazon.com), Internet banking and video conferencing 2. Emerging bandwidth demanding services include movie and video downloads, real time audio and video streaming, video on demand, free long distance telephone calls (VOIP 3), digital TV, and social networking sites such as Face Book, Twitter and Youtube which provides low definition TV.