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Colonial Urbanization: Nanyuki Town, Kenya, 1921

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Colonial Urbanization: Nanyuki Town, Kenya, 1921 COLONIAL URBANIZATION IN KENYA: THE CASE OF NANYUKI TOWN, 1920 -1963 SHEELAH EDDLYNE AMBANI A Thesis Submitted To the Board of Postgraduate Studies in Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts in History of Egerton University EGERTON UNIVERSITY OCTOBER 2015 DECLARATION AND RECOMMENDATION Declaration This thesis is my original work and has not been presented for examination in any other University: Signature: Date: Sheelah Eddlyne Ambani AM11/1957/07 Recommendation This thesis has been submitted for examination with our approval as the University Supervisors: Signature: Date: Name: Dr Peter Waweru Department of Public Affairs and Environmental Studies Laikipia University Signature: Date: Name: Dr Isaac Tarus Department of Philosophy, History and Religion Egerton University ii COPY RIGHT © 2015 SHEELAH EDDLYNE AMBANI No part of this work may be reproduced or transmitted in any form by any means, mechanical including photocopying, recording or any other information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the author or Egerton University. iii DEDICATION This work is dedicated to my late father Enock Ambani. May God rest his soul in eternal peace till we meet again. iv ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I wish to extend my sincere gratitude to the great team of men and women who made this work a success. I wish to acknowledge the guidance, assistance and criticism offered by my supervisors, Dr Peter Waweru and Dr Isaac Tarus. I am also grateful to the residents of Nanyuki who rendered important information during the oral interviews.I also thank the lecturers in the History Department at Egerton University for mentoring and training me into becoming a Historian during my course work. I am also grateful to Mr. Ojode for coming up with the much needed geographical maps of Nanyuki area. I wish to also convey my deep appreciation to my aunt Jane Havi who hosted me while I was collecting data at the Kenya National Archives in Nairobi. My sincere gratitude also goes to the staff of the Kenya National Archives, for their support and cooperation. I thank Ruth Nyambura Njoroge, my friend and classmate for her encouragement and for proofreading my work. Finally, to my children, I salute you for bearing the pain of being left alone as I collected data. May God bless you all. v ABSTRACT The history of urbanization has become an important part of Kenya‘s historiography. While a sizeable number of works on urbanization in Kenya exist, towns like Nanyuki have not received adequate historical attention. This study therefore sought to provide a historical perspective on patterns and processes of change in Nanyuki in the colonial period The research was intended to contribute to knowledge by outlining the history of Nanyuki town so that the dynamics behind the development of Nanyuki are explained in terms of social, political and economic growth historically with specific reference to colonial Kenya.the study on urbanization is the first to be carried out. The findings of the study serve as a basis for other works on urbanization. The study covers the period from 1920 when Nanyuki was designated as a Soldier Settlement Scheme, up to 1963 when formal colonialism ended in Kenya. This study employed the concept of colonial capitalism. The research adapted the ex post facto design which deals with the past and tries to reconstruct it. The study relied on both primary and secondary sources. Secondary sources were obtained from both private and public libraries especially in Nakuru and Nairobi. Primary data was obtained from the Kenya National Archives mainly in Nairobi and also from the field research in Nanyuki. Purposive sampling was used in identifying informants. The oral sources were used to complement documentary sources. Analysis of data involved interpreting both the qualitative and quantitative data.The work was then organized chronologically and thematically. The findings clearly bring out the uniqueness of Nanyuki town in comparison to other colonial towns in Kenya. The early history of Nanyuki is discussed. The establishement of European settlement from 1921 is also discussed. The impact of the Second World War on the development of Nanyuki is also discussed. The development of Nanyuki in the post war period is also discussed in addition to lei+sure activities in colonial Nanyuki. The research therefore contributes towards the history of ‗smaller towns‘ in Kenya and their development that needs to be understood historically. vi TABLE OF CONTENTS DECLARATION AND RECOMMENDATION .................................................................. ii COPY RIGHT ........................................................................................................................ iii DEDICATION......................................................................................................................... iv ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS .................................................................................................... v ABSTRACT ............................................................................................................................. vi TABLE OF CONTENTS ...................................................................................................... vii LIST OF FIGURES ................................................................................................................. x LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS/ACRONYMS ....................................................................... xii DEFINITION OF TERMS.................................................................................................. xiii CHAPTER ONE ...................................................................................................................... 1 INTRODUCTION.................................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Background to the Study ...................................................................................................... 1 1.2 Statement of the Problem ..................................................................................................... 5 1.3 Research Objectives ............................................................................................................. 5 1.4 Research Questions .............................................................................................................. 5 1.5 Justification of the Study ..................................................................................................... 5 1.6 Scope and Limitations of the Study ..................................................................................... 6 1.7. Literature Review................................................................................................................ 6 1.7.2. Colonial Urbanization in Kenya ...................................................................................... 7 1.7.2. Conclusion ..................................................................................................................... 22 1.8. Theoretical Framework ................................................................................................... 23 1.9 Methodology ...................................................................................................................... 25 CHAPTER TWO ................................................................................................................... 29 THE EARLY HISTORY OF NANYUKI AREA TO 1921 ................................................ 29 2.1 Overview ............................................................................................................................ 29 2.2. The Topography of North Nyeri to 1920 .......................................................................... 29 2.3. The Peopling of North Nyeri before 1921 ........................................................................ 30 2.4 Early European Settlers in North Nyeri up to 1921 ........................................................... 35 2.5. Early Colonial Administration .......................................................................................... 36 2.7 Summary ............................................................................................................................ 39 vii CHAPTER THREE ............................................................................................................... 41 THE DEVELOPMENT OF NANYUKI AND THE ESTABLISHMENT OF EUROPEAN SETTLEMENT, 1921 TO 1939 ..................................................................... 41 3.1 Introduction ........................................................................................................................ 41 3.2 The Soldier Settlement Scheme ......................................................................................... 41 3.3. The European Settlement in Nanyuki ............................................................................... 48 3.4. The Asians in Nanyuki...................................................................................................... 50 3.6. African Immigrants in Nanyuki ........................................................................................ 54 3.7. Summary ........................................................................................................................... 56 CHAPTER FOUR .................................................................................................................
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