Corporeality, Subjectivity, and Empathy in Contemporary American Art Elissa Yukiko Weichbrodt Washington University in St
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Washington University in St. Louis Washington University Open Scholarship All Theses and Dissertations (ETDs) Spring 4-23-2013 Through the Body: Corporeality, Subjectivity, and Empathy in Contemporary American Art Elissa Yukiko Weichbrodt Washington University in St. Louis Follow this and additional works at: https://openscholarship.wustl.edu/etd Part of the History of Art, Architecture, and Archaeology Commons Recommended Citation Weichbrodt, Elissa Yukiko, "Through the Body: Corporeality, Subjectivity, and Empathy in Contemporary American Art" (2013). All Theses and Dissertations (ETDs). 1049. https://openscholarship.wustl.edu/etd/1049 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by Washington University Open Scholarship. It has been accepted for inclusion in All Theses and Dissertations (ETDs) by an authorized administrator of Washington University Open Scholarship. For more information, please contact [email protected]. WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY IN ST. LOUIS Department of Art History and Archaeology Dissertation Examination Committee: Angela Miller, Chair Elizabeth Childs Adrienne Davis John Klein Linda Nicholson Ila Sheren Through the Body: Corporeality, Subjectivity, and Empathy in Contemporary American Art by Elissa Yukiko Weichbrodt A dissertation presented to the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences of Washington University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy May 2013 St. Louis, Missouri © 2013, Elissa Yukiko Weichbrodt TABLE OF CONTENTS List of Figures ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… iii Acknowledgements ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… viii Dedication …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. x Introduction ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 1 CHAPTER ONE Bodies That Mattered …………………………………………………………………………. 14 CHAPTER TWO Constructed Bodies: Robert Gober and Kiki Smith ……………………………….. 58 CHAPTER THREE Unnatural Naturals: David Hammons and Lorna Simpson ………………....... 111 CHAPTER FOUR Touching Visions: Felix Gonzalez-Torres and Janine Antoni ………………….. 167 Coda …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 229 Figure Appendix …………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 233 Bibliography ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 265 ii LIST OF FIGURES Fig. 1 Janine Antoni, Gnaw, 1992. Three-part installation: 600 lbs. of chocolate 233 gnawed by the artist; 600 lbs. of lard gnawed by the artist; display with 130 lipsticks made with pigment, beeswax, and chewed lard removed from the lard cube; 27 heart-shaped packages made from the chewed chocolate removed from the chocolate cube. Overall dimensions variable. Fig. 2 Kiki Smith, Untitled, 1990. Beeswax and microcrystalline wax figures on metal 233 stands. Female figure, 64.5 x 17.325 x 15.25 inches; male figure 64.5 x 20.5 x 17 inches. Fig. 3 Robert Gober, Untitled, 1990. Beeswax, human hair, and pigment. 61.6 x 43.2 x 234 27.9 cm. Fig. 4 David Hammons, Untitled, 1992. Copper, wire, hair, fabric, thread, and stone. 234 60 x 120 inches. Fig. 5 Lorna Simpson, Coiffure, 1991. 3 gelatin silver prints, 10 engraved plastic 235 plaques. Images 119.5 x 99 cm; 119 x 447 cm overall. Fig. 6 Felix Gonzalez-Torres, Untitled (Lover Boys), 1991. Candies, individually 235 wrapped in silver cellophane (endless supply). Dimensions vary with installation, ideal weight: 355 lbs. Fig. 7 Robert Colescott, Knowledge of the Past is the Key to the Future: Matthew Henson 236 and the Quest for the North Pole, 1986. Acrylic on canvas. 228.6 x 289.6 cm. Fig. 8 James Luna, The Artifact Piece, 1990. Performance and installation. Dimensions 236 variable. Fig. 9 Lorna Simpson, Necklines, 1989. 2 circular gelatin silver prints, with 11 engraved 237 plastic plaques. Photographs are 91.5 cm in diameter; other dimensions variable. Fig. 10 Robert Gober, Untitled, 1990. Wood, beeswax, pigment, cotton, wood, leather, 237 and human hair. 9 x 16.5 x 45 inches. Fig. 11 Nayland Blake, Restraint #6 (Ankle, Shelf, Mirror), 1989. Steel and leather. 47 x 238 24 x 10 inches. Fig. 12 Byron Kim, Synecdoche, 1991-92. Oil and wax on panel. 204 panels, 10 x 8 inches 238 each. Fig. 13 Nan Goldin, Jimmy Paulette and Taboo! in the Bathroom, 1991. Cibachrome 239 iii print. 11 x 14 inches. Fig. 14 Pat Ward Williams, What You Lookn At?, 1992. Dot screen mural, paint, color 239 Xerox, color photographs, and text. 96 x 192 inches. Fig. 15 Howardena Pindell, Free, White, and 21, 1980. Videotape. 12 minutes long. 240 Fig. 16 Kiki Smith, Pee Body, 1992. Wax and glass beads. Figure: 27 x 28 x 28 240 inches, beads: 23 strands of varying lengths, 1 ft. to over 15 ft. long Fig. 17 Kiki Smith, Train, 1993. Wax and glass beads. 134.6 x 139.6 x 427 cm. 241 Fig. 18 Kiki Smith, Tale, 1992. Wax, pigment, paper mache. 160 x 23 x 23 inches. 241 Fig. 19 Robert Gober, Untitled, 1989-90. Beeswax, cotton, wood, leather, and human 242 hair. 11 3/8 x 7 3/4 x 20 inches. Fig. 20 Robert Gober, Untitled, 1991. Beeswax, fabric, wood, leather, and human hair. 242 13.5 x 7 37.5 inches. Fig. 21 John Miller, Untitled, 1988. Mixed media. 40 x 41.5 x 40 inches. 243 Fig. 22 Jackson Pollock, Number 27, 1950. Oil on canvas. 49 x 106 inches. 243 Fig. 23 Robert Gober, Untitled, 1991. Wood, beeswax, leather, fabric, and human hair, 244 13 1/4 x 16 1/2 x 46 1/8 inches. Fig. 24 Robert Gober, Untitled, 1991-93. Wood, beeswax, human hair, fabric, and 244 leather. 13 1/4 x 16 1/2 x 46 1/8 inches. Fig. 25 Barbara Kruger, Untitled (You Are Seduced by the Sex Appeal of the Inorganic), 245 1981. Photograph. 49 x 60 inches. Fig. 26 Barbara Kruger, Untitled (Your Gaze Hits the Side of My Face), 1981. 245 Photograph. 55 x 65 inches. Fig. 27 Kiki Smith, Untitled, 1990. Paper. 64.5 x 17.825 x 15.25 inches. 246 Fig. 28 Mark Morrisroe, Untitled (Self Portrait), c. 1989. T-665 Polaroid. 10.7 x 8.5 cm. 246 Fig. 29 Philip-Lorca Di Corcia, Vittorio, 1989. Ektacolor print. 20 x 24 inches. 247 Fig. 30 Nicholas Nixon, Tom Moran, East Braintree, Massachusetts, September 1987, 247 1987. Gelatin silver print, 7.75 x 9.75 inches. iv Fig. 31 Gran Fury for ACT UP New York, Silence=Death, 1986. Offset lithograph. 29 x 248 24 inches. Fig. 32 David Hammons, Esquire (John Henry), 1990. Hair, stone, railroad tie, shoe 248 polish tin. 45 x 9 x 5 inches. Fig. 33 Lorna Simpson, Stereo Styles, 1988. 10 dye-diffusion prints, 10 plastic plaques. 249 167.5 x 294.5 cm. Fig. 34 Ted Williams, photograph of Cicely Tyson for Jet magazine cover, March 15, 249 1973. Fig. 35 Lorna Simpson, Guarded Conditions, 1989. 18 color Polaroids, 21 plastic 250 plaques, plastic letters. 231 x 333 cm. Fig. 36 Lorna Simpson, Same, 1991. 16 color Polaroids, 11 plastic plaques. 302 x 209 cm. 250 Fig. 37 Two page spread for Gap Individuals of Style Campaign, Brass: Queen Latifah, 251 photograph by Albert Watson, 1991. Offset print. Fig. 38 Annie Leibovitz, Whoopi Goldberg for Gap Individuals of Style Campaign, 1990. 251 Offset print. Fig. 39 Patrick Demarchelier, Lenny Kravitz for Gap Individuals of Style Campaign, 252 1993. Offset print. Fig. 40 Lorna Simpson, Wigs (Portfolio), 1994. Waterless lithograph on felt. 72 x 162 252 inches. Fig. 41 Print advertisement for His & Hers Hair Company, in Essence December 1992, 253 118. Fig. 42 Jeffrey Scales, Buy Black, 1988. Gelatin silver print. 50.2 x 49.4 cm. 253 Fig. 43 David Hammons, Untitled, 1992. Performance piece with John Farris. 254 Fig. 44 Lorna Simpson, 1978-1988, 1990. 4 gelatin silver prints, 13 plastic text panels 254 mounted on Plexiglas. 124.5 x 43 cm each, framed. Fig. 45 Ausländer, “MCA-Lorna Simpson,” 2010. Digital photograph shared at 255 http://www.flickr.com/photos/punctiliouspig/4814367032/ Fig. 46 Janine Antoni, Gnaw detail, 1992. “Phenyl-thylamine Display.” 255 v Fig. 47 Janine Antoni, Gnaw detail, 1992. 256 Fig. 48 Felix Gonzalez-Torres, Untitled, 1990. Offset print on paper (endless copies). At 256 ideal height 17 x 23 x 87 inches. Fig. 49 Felix Gonzalez-Torres, Untitled, 1991. Offset print on paper (endless copies), 7” 257 at ideal height x 45.5 x 38.5 inches. Fig. 50 Felix Gonzalez-Torres, Untitled (Aparición), 1991. Offset print on paper (endless 257 copies). At ideal height 8 x 45.825 x29.75 inches. Fig. 51 Felix Gonzalez-Torres, Untitled, 1992/93. Offset print on paper (endless copies). 258 At ideal height 8 x 45.5 x 38.5 inches. Fig. 52 Felix Gonzalez-Torres, Untitled (Loverboy), 1990. Blue paper (endless copies). 258 At ideal height, 7.5 x 29 x 23 inches. Fig. 53 Felix Gonzalez-Torres, Untitled (Passport), 1991. White paper (endless copies). 259 At ideal height, 4 x 23.625 x 23.625 inches. Fig. 54 Felix Gonzalez-Torres, Untitled (Placebo), 1991. Candies, individually wrapped 259 in silver cellophane (endless supply). Dimensions vary with installation, ideal weight: 1000 to 1200 pounds. Fig. 55 Janine Antoni, Loving Care, 1993. Performance with Loving Care Hair Dye 260 Natural Black. Fig. 56 Janine Antoni, Lick and Lather, 1993. 7 chocolate busts, 7 soap busts. 24 x 16 x 260 13 inches each. Fig. 57 Janine Antoni, Lick and Lather detail, 1993. 261 Fig. 58 Janine Antoni, Eureka, 1993. Bathtub, lard, soap, Corian. Soap dimensions: 22 x 261 26 x 26 inches; tub dimensions: 30 x 70 x 25 inches. Fig. 59 Installation of Untitled (Placebo) (1991) in front of the Grand Palais as part of 262 the 2006 Nuit Blanche event in Paris, curated by Nicholas Bourriaud and Jerome Sans. Fig. 60 Janine Antoni, Gnaw detail 1992. 262 Fig. 61 Janine Antoni, Touch, 2002. Video installation. 132 by 178 inches. 263 vi Fig. 62 Table from W.B. Stevenson’s Narrative of Twenty Years Residence in South 263 America (1825). Reproduced in Mary Louise Pratt, Imperial Eyes: Travel Writing and Transculturation, (London; New York: Routledge, 1992): 152. Fig.