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(Alosa Tanaica, Grimm, 1901) from the Romanian Black Sea Coast

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(Alosa Tanaica, Grimm, 1901) from the Romanian Black Sea Coast Studies Regarding the Biological Parameters of Azov Shad (Alosa tanaica, Grimm, 1901) from the Romanian Black Sea Coast George TIGANOV 1,2*), Lucian OPREA2), Valodia MAXIMOV1) 1)National Institute for Marine Research and Development “Grigore Antipa“ Constanta, Mamaia Bvd, 300, Constanta, Romania 2) Galati, Romania *CorrespondingFaculty of Food authors, Science ande-mail: Engineering, [email protected] “Lower Danube” University of Galati, Domnească Str, 111, Bulletin UASVM Animal Science and Biotechnologies 73(1)/ 2016 Print ISSN 1843-5262; Electronic ISSN 1843-536X DOI:10.15835/buasvmcn-asb: 11947 Abstract Azov shad (Alosa tanaica, Grimm 1901) is a marine anadromous species, which migrates for spawning from sea into fresh water lakes and rivers. It winters in the sea and appears close to shore in spring when the water temperature reaches the value of approximately 6 degrees Celsius. The paper presents the biological parameters shad belonging to the family Clupeidae thesuch entire as length Romanian and weight coast classfrom structure, Sulina to age, Vama sex Veche. ratio Theand studydegree of of the maturation behaviour ofof theAzov commercial shad (reproduction, fish Azov . The investigations were performed during 2014 on fish caught along manage these aspects. The preference for certain areas of distribution, for feeding and breeding was determined migration, feeding) is important to understand the impact on populations and to find sustainable solutions to The main aim of this research is to identify the current state of Azov shad population along the Black Sea Coast consideringby analysing that samples its biology collected and by conservation passive fishing are (shad less known. gillnets set in all fishing points across the Romanian Coast). Keywords: Black Sea, Azov shad, catches, length, weight, age INTRODUCTION Three shad species of the genus Alosa are previously conducted by the Bulgarian researcher known in the north–western basin of the Black Ivanov, in collaboration with Beverton (1985). The Sea, including the Sea of Azov: Danube shad (Alosa current level of knowledge of the biology of shad immaculata–Bennett, 1835), Caspian shad (Alosa originates from the research of Romanian and tanaica – Grimm, 1901) and Black Sea shad (Alosa Russian specialists in the 1960’s and 1970’s, but maeotica– Grimm, 1901). in the last 30 years many changes have occurred The concept of sustainable use, addressing the in the environmental and exploitation conditions of Alosa species. introduced for the inland waters of Romania, The biology, ecology and status of Alosa in impact of fishing on the stock dynamics, is recently Romanian waters have been studied by many th the Danube Delta (Staras et al., 1993; Navodaru authors since the beginning of the 19 century: andwith Staras,applications 1996). toStudies freshwater on the fish dynamics stocks inof Antipa (1905; 1909); Kovachev (1922); Drensky shad stocks in relation to operation have been (1923); Leonte (1943); Cristea A. and Cristea E., 2 TIGANOV et al (1958); Banarescu (1964); Kolarov (1991 a, b and c); Navodaru (1996; 1997); Navodaru et al.,(1997, have been conducted, in which 41 pelagic hauls 1998, 2003, 2008); Maximov (2006, 2007) and A total of 4 complex scientific expeditions Maximov et al.,(2011 a, 2011b). of trawling and over 1,200 hours effort of gillnet The research performed has led to the have been performed, a fishing effort of 41 hours knowledge of the current state of Alosa immaculata 400 m/each, and the mesh size varying between populations characterised by constantly 28÷fishing 36 (fourmm). strings, The perimeters of four nets, were with selected a length to beof decreasing numbers under anthropogenic representative for each habitat type and species of pressure. Investigations were conducted along interest (Fig.1). the entire Romanian Black Sea Coast, in almost The qualitative and quantitative composition of Azov shad catches was achieved by centralising, over periods of time, the data obtained during the all fishing points, by organising both expeditions alongAzov the shadcoast ( Alosa(gillnet tanaica fishing), Grimm, and 1901)sea surveys is the in the area. smallest(pelagic trawlrepresentative fishing). of the three shad species researchIn order surveys to study and interviewsthe biological with parameters fishermen present in the north – western part of the Black of the Azov shad species, from the specimens collected samples were taken for each species, economic value in this area of distribution. which were analysed in the laboratory, focusing Sea, Thea commercial main goal of fish this species research that is to has identify modest the in particular on: length class structure, weight current state of Azov shad population along the and age, sex, degree of gonad maturity, elements Black Sea Coast. The paper presents the biological required to estimate the growth parameters. parameters, such as length and weight class Biometric measurements were made for total structure, age, sex ratio and degree of maturation length (Lt), while for centralisation the errors were lower than 1 centimetre. The weight was family Clupeidae. determined in grams, with an accuracy of ±1 g. of the commercial fish Azov shad, belonging to the For the determination of the total length (Lt) MATERIAL AND METHODS - weight (W) ratio, the following relation was used The data and information regarding the (Carlander, 1977): geographic distribution of Alosa species were b collected within the monitoring plan developed W = a · Lt where: during 2014, for research expeditions carried out t at sea, on board the research vessel “Steaua de a and b = regression constants. mare”, equipped with pelagic trawl (Photo 1) and W = fish body weight; L = total length of the fish; pneumatic boat in order to carry out specialised The values of a and b were determined using the least squares method (Snedecor, 1968), fishing with gillnets (Photo 2). Photo 1 Pelagic Photo 2 Bulletin UASVM Animal Science and Biotechnologiestrawl fishing 73(1) / 2016 Gillnet fishing Studies Regarding the Biological Parameters of Azov Shad (Alosa tanaica, Grimm, 1901) from the Black Sea Coast 3 included in the FISHPARM programme (Prager, reaches the value of approximately 6 degrees Saila and Recksiek, 1987, 1989, 1994). Celsius. During the analysed period, Azov shad was RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS Azov shad (Alosa tanaica, Grimm 1901) is a The largest number of specimens was caught in marine anadromous species, which migrates for thepresent perimeters throughout Sulina, the Sf. survey Gheorghe, fishing Sakhalin perimeter. and spawning from sea into freshwater littoral lakes Zatoane, and the fewest in the perimeters Vadu, and rivers. It winters in the sea and appears close Chituc and Periboina. to the shore in spring, when the water temperature approx.→ in 36.50% spring ofseason the total (April, catches 2014) of 2014was highly being caughtproductive now for (123 the individuals).scientific fishing The ofgeographical Azov shad, distribution was broad, being reported in all perimeters of ROSCI 0066 Danube Delta - marine ten hauls, the Azov shad was caught only in the sectorszone site. Sakhalin Thus, in and mid-water Perisor, trawl at depths fishing, of of 10.6 the - 17.1 m (2 individuals each, yield 0.1 - 1.00 kg/ depths, Azov shad was reported in all sectors: Periboinahour), while (13 in individuals), gillnet fishing yields set at0.1 3.0 – 1.00- 10.0 kg/ m hour, Sakhalin (48 individuals) and Zatoane (36 individuals), yields 0.1 – 1.00 kg/hour, Chituc (6 individuals) and Perisor (18 individuals), yields 0.1 – 1.00 kg/hour, were the sectors with the highest distribution; 49.1→ % in of summer the total season number (July of2014) individuals was the most(165 individuals)productive for being Azov caught shad researchnow, yet fishing,its distribution approx. was more scarce, occurring in catches only in the perimeters Sulina (79 individuals), Sf. Gheorghe (65 individuals) and Sakhalin (21 individuals). In Fig. 1 Areas where shad survey fishing was performed mid-water trawl fishing, in the ten hauls performed, Fig. 2 - Spatial distribution of Azov shad caught off the Romanian coast Bulletin UASVM Animal Science and Biotechnologies 73(1) / 2016 4 TIGANOV et al Alosa tanaica 336 individuals Lm - 165.5 mm Gm - 42.1 g 60 50 40 % 30 20 10 0 Class size (mm) Female Male Total Fig. 3 - Length class structure in Azov shad Fig. 4 - Age class structure in Azov shad (%) Fig. 5 - Sex ratio in Azov shad Fig. 6 - Length / weight relationship for Azov shad (Alosa tanaica) Bulletin UASVM Animal Science and Biotechnologies 73(1) / 2016 Studies Regarding the Biological Parameters of Azov Shad (Alosa tanaica, Grimm, 1901) from the Black Sea Coast 5 are essential habitats for the reproduction and feeding of Alosa juveniles. betweenAzov shad 0.1 did – 1.00not occur.kg/hour, In gillnetat 5.9 -fishing 6.4 m depthset at Only two shad species occurred in survey (Sf.3.0 Gheorghe),– 7.9 m (Sulina), yield 0.1 the - 2.0 fishing kg/hour, effort and atranged 4.3 – Alosa immaculata and Alosa tanaica; During the past 50 years, Alosa maeotica in autumn (September, 2014), the Azov shad was hasfishing, not beennamely reported as occurring in Romania, 7.9 m depth (Sakhalin), yield 0.1 – 1.00 kg/hour;→ Perisor, Zaton and Sahalin. Thus, the gillnets were past years erroneous. setreported at 4.3 only - 6.7 in mgillnet depths, fishing, 48 individualsin the perimeters being thus considering the official fishery records of the caught (yields ranging between 0.1- 1.00 kg/ REFERENCES hour), namely in Perisor (18 individuals), at 5.3 1. Antipa Gr. (1905). Die Clupeinen des Westlichen Teiles - 6.8 m depths, the yields ranged between 1.0 - des Schwatzen Meeres der Donaumündungen. Denkschr. 2.99 kg/hour and 3.0 - 4.99 kg/hour, while in the Akad. Wiss. Wien, Marh.-Naturw. Kl., 28:1-56, 3 pl. sector Zaton (16 individuals) and Sakhalin (14 2.
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