5.Noteson Chinese Potato History.现代语言学
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An Underutilized Orphan Tuber Crop—Chinese Yam : a Review
Planta (2020) 252:58 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00425-020-03458-3 REVIEW An underutilized orphan tuber crop—Chinese yam : a review Janina Epping1 · Natalie Laibach2 Received: 29 March 2020 / Accepted: 11 September 2020 / Published online: 21 September 2020 © The Author(s) 2020 Abstract Main conclusion The diversifcation of food crops can improve our diets and address the efects of climate change, and in this context the orphan crop Chinese yam shows signifcant potential as a functional food. Abstract As the efects of climate change become increasingly visible even in temperate regions, there is an urgent need to diversify our crops in order to address hunger and malnutrition. This has led to the re-evaluation of neglected species such as Chinese yam (Dioscorea polystachya Turcz.), which has been cultivated for centuries in East Asia as a food crop and as a widely-used ingredient in traditional Chinese medicine. The tubers are rich in nutrients, but also contain bioactive metabolites such as resistant starches, steroidal sapogenins (like diosgenin), the storage protein dioscorin, and mucilage polysaccharides. These health-promoting products can help to prevent cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and disorders of the gut microbiome. Whereas most edible yams are tropical species, Chinese yam could be cultivated widely in Europe and other temperate regions to take advantage of its nutritional and bioactive properties. However, this is a laborious process and agronomic knowledge is fragmented. The underground tubers contain most of the starch, but are vulnerable to breaking and thus difcult to harvest. Breeding to improve tuber shape is complex given the dioecious nature of the species, the mostly vegetative reproduction via bulbils, and the presence of more than 100 chromosomes. -
Effects of Rhizome Extract of Dioscorea Batatas and Its Active Compound, Allantoin
Preprints (www.preprints.org) | NOT PEER-REVIEWED | Posted: 25 June 2018 doi:10.20944/preprints201806.0398.v1 Effects of Rhizome Extract of Dioscorea Batatas and Its Active Compound, Allantoin, on the Regulation of Myoblast Differentiation and Mitochondrial Biogenesis in C2C12 Myotubes Jun Nan Ma 1, Seok Yong Kang 1, Jong Hun Park 1,2, Yong-Ki Park 1,2, Hyo Won Jung 1,2* 1 Department of Herbology, College of Korean Medicine, Dongguk University, Gyeongju 38066, Korea; [email protected] (M.J.N.); [email protected] (S.Y.K.); [email protected] (J.H.P.); [email protected] (Y.K.P.); [email protected] (H.W.J.) 2Korean Medicine R&D Center, Dongguk University, Gyeongju 38066, Korea. *Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +82-54-770-2367 Running title: Effects of yam extract and allantoin on muscle differentiation and biogenesis 1 © 2018 by the author(s). Distributed under a Creative Commons CC BY license. Preprints (www.preprints.org) | NOT PEER-REVIEWED | Posted: 25 June 2018 doi:10.20944/preprints201806.0398.v1 Abstract: The present study was conducted to investigate the effects of rhizome extract of Dioscorea batatas (Dioscoreae Rhizoma, Chinese Yam) and its bioactive compound, allantoin, on myoblast differentiation and mitochondrial biogenesis in skeletal muscle cells. Yams were extracted in water and the extract was analyzed by HPLC. The expression of C2C12 myotubes differentiation and mitochondrial biogenesis regulators were determined by reverse transcriptase (RT)-PCR or Western blot. The glucose levels and total ATP contents were determined by glucose consumption, glucose uptake and ATP assays, respectively. Treatment with yam extract (1 mg/mL) and allantoin (0.2 and 0.5 mM) significantly increased of MyHC expression compared with non-treated myotubes. -
PC22 Doc. 22.1 Annex (In English Only / Únicamente En Inglés / Seulement En Anglais)
Original language: English PC22 Doc. 22.1 Annex (in English only / únicamente en inglés / seulement en anglais) Quick scan of Orchidaceae species in European commerce as components of cosmetic, food and medicinal products Prepared by Josef A. Brinckmann Sebastopol, California, 95472 USA Commissioned by Federal Food Safety and Veterinary Office FSVO CITES Management Authorithy of Switzerland and Lichtenstein 2014 PC22 Doc 22.1 – p. 1 Contents Abbreviations and Acronyms ........................................................................................................................ 7 Executive Summary ...................................................................................................................................... 8 Information about the Databases Used ...................................................................................................... 11 1. Anoectochilus formosanus .................................................................................................................. 13 1.1. Countries of origin ................................................................................................................. 13 1.2. Commercially traded forms ................................................................................................... 13 1.2.1. Anoectochilus Formosanus Cell Culture Extract (CosIng) ............................................ 13 1.2.2. Anoectochilus Formosanus Extract (CosIng) ................................................................ 13 1.3. Selected finished -
Effect of Seed Tuber Weights on the Development of Tubers
J. Japan. Soc. Hort. Sci. 76 (3): 230–236. 2007. Available online at www.jstage.jst.go.jp/browse/jjshs JSHS © 2007 Effect of Seed Tuber Weights on the Development of Tubers and Flowering Spikes in Japanese Yams (Dioscorea japonica) Grown under Different Photoperiods and with Plant Growth Regulators Yasunori Yoshida1*, Harumi Takahashi1, Hiroomi Kanda1 and Koki Kanahama2 1Akita Prefectural College of Agriculture, Ohgata, Akita 010–0451, Japan 2Faculty of Agriculture, Tohoku University, Aobaku, Sendai 981–8555, Japan The effect of seed tuber (ST) weight on the development of main shoots, aerial tubers (bulbils, AT), new tubers (below ground, NT), and flowering spikes (inflorescences) was examined in Japanese yam plants (Dioscorea japonica) grown under different photoperiods and with plant growth regulators (PGRs). Within the same PGR and ST-weight group, the main shoot lengths of plants grown under a 24-h photoperiod (constant light, LD) were found to be longer than those grown under an 8-h photoperiod (SD) in all seasons. Furthermore, within the same photoperiod and ST-weight group, except for the plants grown from 25 g of ST (25gST plants) under SD conditions, the main shoot lengths of control and gibberellic acid (GA3)-treated plants were found to be longer than those of uniconazole-P (Uni)-treated plants. These tendencies were stronger in the 50gST plants than in the 25gST plants. In the 25gST plants, the final fresh weight (FW) of NT and the combined FW of AT and NT were greater in plants grown under LD conditions (LD plants) than those of SD plants; however, this was not observed in the case of the 50gST plants. -
YAM(Proj.4) ORIGINAL: English DATE: 2009-02-23 INTERNATIONAL UNION for the PROTECTION of NEW VARIETIES of PLANTS GENEVA
E TG/YAM(proj.4) ORIGINAL: English DATE: 2009-02-23 INTERNATIONAL UNION FOR THE PROTECTION OF NEW VARIETIES OF PLANTS GENEVA DRAFT * YAM UPOV Code: DIOSC_ALA; DIOSC_BAT; DIOSC_JAP Dioscorea alata L.; Dioscorea polystachya Turcz.; Dioscorea japonica Thunb. GUIDELINES FOR THE CONDUCT OF TESTS FOR DISTINCTNESS, UNIFORMITY AND STABILITY prepared by an expert from Japan to be considered by the Technical Committee at its forty-fifth session, to be held in Geneva from March 30 to April 1, 2009 Alternative Names:* Botanical name English French German Spanish Dioscorea alata L. Greater yam, Grande igname, Geflügelter Yam, Ñame blanco, Guyana arrowroot, Igname ailée, Wasser- Ñame de agua, Ten-months yam, Igname de Chine Yamswurzel Tabena Water yam, White yam, Winged yam, Yam Dioscorea polystachya Chinese yam, Igname Chinesische Turcz., Chinese-potato, Yamswurzel Dioscorea batatas Cinnamon-vine Decne. Dioscorea japonica Japanese yam Igname japonaise Thunb. The purpose of these guidelines (“Test Guidelines”) is to elaborate the principles contained in the General Introduction (document TG/1/3), and its associated TGP documents, into detailed practical guidance for the harmonized examination of distinctness, uniformity and stability (DUS) and, in particular, to identify appropriate characteristics for the examination of DUS and production of harmonized variety descriptions. ASSOCIATED DOCUMENTS These Test Guidelines should be read in conjunction with the General Introduction and its associated TGP documents. * These names were correct at the time of the introduction of these Test Guidelines but may be revised or updated. [Readers are advised to consult the UPOV Code, which can be found on the UPOV Website (www.upov.int), for the latest information.] TG/YAM(proj.4) Yam, 2009-02-23 - 2 - TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE 1. -
Genetic Diversity and Population Structure of Trifoliate Yam (Dioscorea
Siadjeu et al. BMC Plant Biology (2018) 18:359 https://doi.org/10.1186/s12870-018-1593-x RESEARCH ARTICLE Open Access Genetic diversity and population structure of trifoliate yam (Dioscorea dumetorum Kunth) in Cameroon revealed by genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS) Christian Siadjeu* , Eike Mayland-Quellhorst and Dirk C. Albach Abstract Background: Yams (Dioscorea spp.) are economically important food for millions of people in the humid and sub- humid tropics. Dioscorea dumetorum (Kunth) is the most nutritious among the eight-yam species, commonly grown and consumed in West and Central Africa. Despite these qualities, the storage ability of D. dumetorum is restricted by severe postharvest hardening of the tubers that can be addressed through concerted breeding efforts. The first step of any breeding program is bound to the study of genetic diversity. In this study, we used the Genotyping-By- Sequencing of Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (GBS-SNP) to investigate the genetic diversity and population structure of 44 accessions of D. dumetorum in Cameroon. Ploidy was inferred using flow cytometry and gbs2ploidy. Results: We obtained on average 6371 loci having at least information for 75% accessions. Based on 6457 unlinked SNPs, our results demonstrate that D. dumetorum is structured into four populations. We clearly identified, a western/ north-western, a western, and south-western populations, suggesting that altitude and farmers-consumers preference are the decisive factors for differential adaptation and separation of these populations. Bayesian and neighbor- joining clustering detected the highest genetic variability in D. dumetorum accessions from the south-western region. This variation is likely due to larger breeding efforts in the region as shown by gene flow between D. -
Dioscorea Oppositifolia in Tripura
Pleione 8(1): 184 - 187. 2014. ISSN: 0973-9467 © East Himalayan Society for Spermatophyte Taxonomy Dioscorea oppositifolia Linnaeus [Dioscoreaceae] - a new distributional record for Tripura, India Chiranjit Paul1, Amal Debnath and Bimal Debnath Department of Forestry and Biodiversity, Tripura University, Suryamaninagar-799022, Tripura, India 1Corresponding Author: [email protected] [Received 08.04.2014; Revised 20.05.2014; Accepted 21.05.2014; Published 30.06.2014] Abstract The occurrence of Dioscorea oppositifolia Linnaeus (Dioscoreaceae) is recorded from the forest floor and the barren land in Tripura for the first time. The tuber of this plant is mostly popular to Chakma and Reang communities as delicious vegetable. The tuber is also applied externally to ulcers, boils and abscesses by different tribal inhabitant of the state. The Chakma community uses its leaf for the treatment of snakebites. The plant is rare in the state probably due to the loss of habitat by rubber plantation. Key words: Dioscorea oppositifolia, Distribution, New record, Ethnic uses, Tripura INTRODUCTION Dioscorea Linnaeus is a genus of over 600 species (Ayensu1972) of tuberous herbaceous angiospermic climbers, climbing to 20 meter on supports. The genus belongs to Dioscoreaceae of Dioscoreales. Species of Dioscorea are native throughout the tropical, especially in tropical America, subtropical and warm temperate regions of the world, with only a few species extending into the temperate regions (Caddick et al. 2002; Seikh et al. 2009). In India, so far 50 species of Dioscorea have been reported (Prain & Burkill 1936; Deb 1983) out of which 30 species are distributed in Arunachal Pradesh (Saikia et al. 2011). Ayensu & Coursey (1972) reported that Asia, South America and West Africa are the major yam growing regions in the world. -
Plant Species and Communities in Poyang Lake, the Largest Freshwater Lake in China
Collectanea Botanica 34: e004 enero-diciembre 2015 ISSN-L: 0010-0730 http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/collectbot.2015.v34.004 Plant species and communities in Poyang Lake, the largest freshwater lake in China H.-F. WANG (王华锋)1, M.-X. REN (任明迅)2, J. LÓPEZ-PUJOL3, C. ROSS FRIEDMAN4, L. H. FRASER4 & G.-X. HUANG (黄国鲜)1 1 Key Laboratory of Protection and Development Utilization of Tropical Crop Germplasm Resource, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Landscape Agriculture, Hainan University, CN-570228 Haikou, China 2 College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Hainan University, CN-570228 Haikou, China 3 Botanic Institute of Barcelona (IBB-CSIC-ICUB), pg. del Migdia s/n, ES-08038 Barcelona, Spain 4 Department of Biological Sciences, Thompson Rivers University, 900 McGill Road, CA-V2C 0C8 Kamloops, British Columbia, Canada Author for correspondence: H.-F. Wang ([email protected]) Editor: J. J. Aldasoro Received 13 July 2012; accepted 29 December 2014 Abstract PLANT SPECIES AND COMMUNITIES IN POYANG LAKE, THE LARGEST FRESHWATER LAKE IN CHINA.— Studying plant species richness and composition of a wetland is essential when estimating its ecological importance and ecosystem services, especially if a particular wetland is subjected to human disturbances. Poyang Lake, located in the middle reaches of Yangtze River (central China), constitutes the largest freshwater lake of the country. It harbours high biodiversity and provides important habitat for local wildlife. A dam that will maintain the water capacity in Poyang Lake is currently being planned. However, the local biodiversity and the likely effects of this dam on the biodiversity (especially on the endemic and rare plants) have not been thoroughly examined. -
A Large-Scale Phylogenetic Analysis of Dioscorea (Dioscoreaceae), with Reference to Character Evolution and Subgeneric Recognition
ISSN 1346-7565 Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 71 (2): 103–128 (2020) doi: 10.18942/apg.201923 A Large-scale Phylogenetic Analysis of Dioscorea (Dioscoreaceae), with Reference to Character Evolution and Subgeneric Recognition 1,* 2 1 3 HIROSHI NODA , JUN YAMASHITA , SHIZUKA FUSE , RACHUN POOMA , 3 1 1 MANOP POOPATH , HIROSHI TOBE AND MINORU N. TAMURA 1Department of Botany, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-oiwake-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan. *[email protected] (author for correspondence); 2Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Chuo 2-20-1, Kurashiki-shi, Okayama 710-0046, Japan; 3The Forest Herbarium, Department of National Parks, Wildlife and Plant Conservation, Chatuchak, Bangkok 10900, Thailand Dioscorea (Dioscoreaceae) is a diverse genus of more than 600 species. To understand relationships and character evolution within the genus, 273 samples from 183 species (including 28 newly sequenced spe- cies) based on four cpDNA regions were analyzed phylogenetically. The phylogenetic tree obtained com- prised eleven well-supported major clades, most of which further consisted of more than two subclades. Comparisons with previously proposed infrageneric taxa (23 to 58 sections and associated ‘genera’) showed that some sections/‘genera’ are monophyletic and others polyphyletic. As in previous studies, ‘D. sect. Stenophora’ was sister to the rest of the genus. The present analyses of character state distribution on the tree confirmed that D‘ . sect. Stenophora’ is characterized by having rhizomes, monosulcate pollen and a diploid chromosome number based on x = 10 (plesiomorphies), whereas the rest of the genus has tubers and bisulcate pollen (apomorphies), but is diverse in regard to chromosome number, stem twining direction, fruit types and seed wing morphology. -
FEIS Citation Retrieval System Keywords
FEIS Citation Retrieval System Keywords 29,958 entries as KEYWORD (PARENT) Descriptive phrase AB (CANADA) Alberta ABEESC (PLANTS) Abelmoschus esculentus, okra ABEGRA (PLANTS) Abelia × grandiflora [chinensis × uniflora], glossy abelia ABERT'S SQUIRREL (MAMMALS) Sciurus alberti ABERT'S TOWHEE (BIRDS) Pipilo aberti ABIABI (BRYOPHYTES) Abietinella abietina, abietinella moss ABIALB (PLANTS) Abies alba, European silver fir ABIAMA (PLANTS) Abies amabilis, Pacific silver fir ABIBAL (PLANTS) Abies balsamea, balsam fir ABIBIF (PLANTS) Abies bifolia, subalpine fir ABIBRA (PLANTS) Abies bracteata, bristlecone fir ABICON (PLANTS) Abies concolor, white fir ABICONC (ABICON) Abies concolor var. concolor, white fir ABICONL (ABICON) Abies concolor var. lowiana, Rocky Mountain white fir ABIDUR (PLANTS) Abies durangensis, Coahuila fir ABIES SPP. (PLANTS) firs ABIETINELLA SPP. (BRYOPHYTES) Abietinella spp., mosses ABIFIR (PLANTS) Abies firma, Japanese fir ABIFRA (PLANTS) Abies fraseri, Fraser fir ABIGRA (PLANTS) Abies grandis, grand fir ABIHOL (PLANTS) Abies holophylla, Manchurian fir ABIHOM (PLANTS) Abies homolepis, Nikko fir ABILAS (PLANTS) Abies lasiocarpa, subalpine fir ABILASA (ABILAS) Abies lasiocarpa var. arizonica, corkbark fir ABILASB (ABILAS) Abies lasiocarpa var. bifolia, subalpine fir ABILASL (ABILAS) Abies lasiocarpa var. lasiocarpa, subalpine fir ABILOW (PLANTS) Abies lowiana, Rocky Mountain white fir ABIMAG (PLANTS) Abies magnifica, California red fir ABIMAGM (ABIMAG) Abies magnifica var. magnifica, California red fir ABIMAGS (ABIMAG) Abies -
Genomics of Yams, a Common Source of Food and Medicine in the Tropics
Chapter 23 Genomics of Yams, a Common Source of Food and Medicine in the Tropics Hodeba D. Mignouna, Mathew M. Abang, and Robert Asiedu Abstract Yams (Dioscorea spp., Dioscoreaceae), grown either for their starchy tubers or medicinal properties, are important crops in the tropics and subtropics. Yams broaden the food base and provide food security and income to over 300 million people. They are vegetatively propagated and comprise both diploid and polyploid species. Despite their economic and socio-cultural importance, very little is known about the genetics and genomics of yams due to research neglect and sev- eral biological constraints. Consequently, conventional breeding efforts have been severely hampered. Research to unravel the apparent complexity of the yam genome will have far-reaching implications for genetic improvement of this important tu- ber crop. Nevertheless, progress has been made recently towards understanding Dioscorea phylogeny and phylogenetic relationships within the genus. Also, im- proved molecular technologies have been developed for genome analysis, includ- ing germplasm characterization, cytogenetics, genetic mapping and tagging, and functional genomics. Genetic linkage maps have been constructed for D. rotundata and D. alata, and quantitative trait loci associated with resistance to Yam mosaic virus in D. rotundata and anthracnose (Colletotrichum gloeosporioides)inD. alata have been identified. In addition, candidate random amplified polymorphic DNA markers associated with major genes controlling resistance to Yam mosaic virus and anthracnose have been identified. These markers could be converted to sequence- characterized amplified regions and used for marker-assisted selection for resistance to diseases. An initial cDNA library has been constructed to develop expressed se- quence tags for gene discovery and as a source of additional molecular markers. -
Mini Data Sheet on Thrips Setosus (Thysanoptera: Thripidae)
EPPO, 2018 Mini data sheet on Thrips setosus (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) Added to the EPPO Alert List in 2014 – Deleted in 2018 Reasons for deletion: Thrips setosus has been included in EPPO Alert List for more than 3 years. Although, its presence has been monitored by several EPPO member countries, no specific phytosanitary measures were taken. Therefore, the Panel on Phytosanitary Measures proposed its deletion in 2018-03. In 2018- 06, the Working Party on Phytosanitary Regulations agreed that it could be deleted. Why: The presence of Thrips setosus has recently been reported by the Netherlands on Hydrangea plants. Following this initial record, other European countries also found the pest. T. setosus is a polyphagous species which can transmit Tomato spotted wilt virus (Tospovirus, TSWV – EPPO A2 List). Because this was the first time that this potentially damaging thrips species was reported in the EPPO region, the EPPO Secretariat decided to add it to the EPPO Alert List. Where: until recently, T. setosus was only known to occur in parts of the Asia. EPPO region: Croatia, France, Germany, Netherlands, United Kingdom. The pest was first found in autumn 2014 in the Netherlands in one production site of Hydrangea plants for planting grown indoors and outdoors. Subsequent surveys detected the pest in other Dutch production sites and in other European countries. No specific official measures have been taken in countries concerned. Asia: Indonesia (Sumatra), Japan (widespread), Korea (Republic of). On which plants: T. setosus is a highly polyphagous species. In Japan, it has been found on many plant species including crops [e.g.