An Underutilized Orphan Tuber Crop—Chinese Yam : a Review
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The Rise of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Its Materia Medica A
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by University of Bath Research Portal Citation for published version: Williamson, EM, Lorenc, A, Booker, A & Robinson, N 2013, 'The rise of traditional Chinese medicine and its materia medica: a comparison of the frequency and safety of materials and species used in Europe and China', Journal of Ethnopharmacology, vol. 149, no. 2, pp. 453-62. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2013.06.050 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2013.06.050 Publication date: 2013 Document Version Early version, also known as pre-print Link to publication University of Bath General rights Copyright and moral rights for the publications made accessible in the public portal are retained by the authors and/or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. Take down policy If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. Download date: 13. May. 2019 Journal of Ethnopharmacology 149 (2013) 453–462 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Journal of Ethnopharmacology journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/jep The rise of traditional Chinese medicine and its materia medica: A comparison of the frequency and safety of materials and species used in Europe and China Elizabeth M. Williamson a,n, Ava Lorenc b,nn, Anthony Booker c, Nicola Robinson b a University of Reading School -
Chinese Yam Alert! Dioscorea Oppositifolia L
THE NATURAL AREAS ASSOCIATION ISSUES Chinese Yam Alert! Dioscorea oppositifolia L. (syn. D. batatas Decne.) is a herbaceous perennial vine in the yam family native to Asia. Two common names for this species are CHINESE YAM and CINNAMON VINE. It was introduced into the United States for ornamental value and also as a potential food source. Chinese yam is widespread throughout the eastern United States and ranges from Vermont south to Georgia and west to Oklahoma and Texas. There are several characteristics that make identification of this species fairly easy: Stems: The vines twine from left to right (counterclockwise) and are angled. Leaves: The leaf shape is variable, but the two most common shapes are hastate and ovate. Leaf arrangement is usually opposite, but the upper nodes may be alternate. There is usually a reddish- purple color at the junction of the petiole and blade. Bulbils: Aerial tubers, called bulbils, are usually present during the summer months, June-September. Bulbils are produced in the leaf axis and resemble miniature potatoes. Flowers: Produced from June-August, are white, in spikes, and often have a cinnamon fragrance. Habit: The plants often form dense mat-like colonies and are most often observed along roadsides, at old homesites and fencerows, and in alluvial soil along streams. Chinese yam has the potential to become a major pest plant in the United States due to its rapid growth and prolific reproduction. This species is considered to be highly invasive and can infest even the most pristine habitats, particularly along riparian corridors. Vines begin growth in April from large, underground, vertically oriented tubers. -
Effects of Rhizome Extract of Dioscorea Batatas and Its Active Compound, Allantoin
Preprints (www.preprints.org) | NOT PEER-REVIEWED | Posted: 25 June 2018 doi:10.20944/preprints201806.0398.v1 Effects of Rhizome Extract of Dioscorea Batatas and Its Active Compound, Allantoin, on the Regulation of Myoblast Differentiation and Mitochondrial Biogenesis in C2C12 Myotubes Jun Nan Ma 1, Seok Yong Kang 1, Jong Hun Park 1,2, Yong-Ki Park 1,2, Hyo Won Jung 1,2* 1 Department of Herbology, College of Korean Medicine, Dongguk University, Gyeongju 38066, Korea; [email protected] (M.J.N.); [email protected] (S.Y.K.); [email protected] (J.H.P.); [email protected] (Y.K.P.); [email protected] (H.W.J.) 2Korean Medicine R&D Center, Dongguk University, Gyeongju 38066, Korea. *Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +82-54-770-2367 Running title: Effects of yam extract and allantoin on muscle differentiation and biogenesis 1 © 2018 by the author(s). Distributed under a Creative Commons CC BY license. Preprints (www.preprints.org) | NOT PEER-REVIEWED | Posted: 25 June 2018 doi:10.20944/preprints201806.0398.v1 Abstract: The present study was conducted to investigate the effects of rhizome extract of Dioscorea batatas (Dioscoreae Rhizoma, Chinese Yam) and its bioactive compound, allantoin, on myoblast differentiation and mitochondrial biogenesis in skeletal muscle cells. Yams were extracted in water and the extract was analyzed by HPLC. The expression of C2C12 myotubes differentiation and mitochondrial biogenesis regulators were determined by reverse transcriptase (RT)-PCR or Western blot. The glucose levels and total ATP contents were determined by glucose consumption, glucose uptake and ATP assays, respectively. Treatment with yam extract (1 mg/mL) and allantoin (0.2 and 0.5 mM) significantly increased of MyHC expression compared with non-treated myotubes. -
Granule Structural, Crystalline, and Thermal Changes in Native Chinese Yam Starch After Hydrolysis with Two Different Enzymes–A-Amylase and Gluco-Amylase
Starch/Sta¨ rke 2011, 63, 75–82 DOI 10.1002/star.201000104 75 RESEARCH ARTICLE Granule structural, crystalline, and thermal changes in native Chinese yam starch after hydrolysis with two different enzymes–a-amylase and gluco-amylase Xia Li1, Wenyuan Gao1, Yanli Wang2, Qianqian Jiang1 and Luqi Huang3 1 School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China 2 Tianjin Press of Chinese Herbal Medicines, Tianjin Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, Tianjin, China 3 Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medicinal Sciences, Beijing, China Starch extracted from Chinese yam was characterized by scanning electron microscope Received: August 17, 2010 (SEM), X-ray powder diffractometer (XRD), and differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) in Revised: September 20, 2010 the process of enzymatic hydrolysis. Yam starch was digested by a-amylase and gluco- Accepted: September 23, 2010 amylase for different lengths of time, respectively, and two different enzymatic hydrolysis results were compared. The most notable phenomenon revealed by SEM after a-amylase hydrolysis was the formation of the cavum in the center of the starch granules, while after gluco-amylase hydrolysis, the outer layer of the granules was peeled off and then some granules even broke into pieces. The XRD of the two enzyme hydrolyzed starches revealed the crystal type of the starch changed from typical C-type XRD pattern to the representative A-type pattern in the process of enzymatic hydrolysis. The above results also demonstrated that the partially B-type polymorph was more easily degraded than A-type. The thermal result showed that the modified yam starches by both enzymes exhibited increased peak gelatinization temperatures (Tp) and decreased gelatinization enthalpy (DH). -
Chapter 1 Definitions and Classifications for Fruit and Vegetables
Chapter 1 Definitions and classifications for fruit and vegetables In the broadest sense, the botani- Botanical and culinary cal term vegetable refers to any plant, definitions edible or not, including trees, bushes, vines and vascular plants, and Botanical definitions distinguishes plant material from ani- Broadly, the botanical term fruit refers mal material and from inorganic to the mature ovary of a plant, matter. There are two slightly different including its seeds, covering and botanical definitions for the term any closely connected tissue, without vegetable as it relates to food. any consideration of whether these According to one, a vegetable is a are edible. As related to food, the plant cultivated for its edible part(s); IT botanical term fruit refers to the edible M according to the other, a vegetable is part of a plant that consists of the the edible part(s) of a plant, such as seeds and surrounding tissues. This the stems and stalk (celery), root includes fleshy fruits (such as blue- (carrot), tuber (potato), bulb (onion), berries, cantaloupe, poach, pumpkin, leaves (spinach, lettuce), flower (globe tomato) and dry fruits, where the artichoke), fruit (apple, cucumber, ripened ovary wall becomes papery, pumpkin, strawberries, tomato) or leathery, or woody as with cereal seeds (beans, peas). The latter grains, pulses (mature beans and definition includes fruits as a subset of peas) and nuts. vegetables. Definition of fruit and vegetables applicable in epidemiological studies, Fruit and vegetables Edible plant foods excluding -
PC22 Doc. 22.1 Annex (In English Only / Únicamente En Inglés / Seulement En Anglais)
Original language: English PC22 Doc. 22.1 Annex (in English only / únicamente en inglés / seulement en anglais) Quick scan of Orchidaceae species in European commerce as components of cosmetic, food and medicinal products Prepared by Josef A. Brinckmann Sebastopol, California, 95472 USA Commissioned by Federal Food Safety and Veterinary Office FSVO CITES Management Authorithy of Switzerland and Lichtenstein 2014 PC22 Doc 22.1 – p. 1 Contents Abbreviations and Acronyms ........................................................................................................................ 7 Executive Summary ...................................................................................................................................... 8 Information about the Databases Used ...................................................................................................... 11 1. Anoectochilus formosanus .................................................................................................................. 13 1.1. Countries of origin ................................................................................................................. 13 1.2. Commercially traded forms ................................................................................................... 13 1.2.1. Anoectochilus Formosanus Cell Culture Extract (CosIng) ............................................ 13 1.2.2. Anoectochilus Formosanus Extract (CosIng) ................................................................ 13 1.3. Selected finished -
Human Breast Tumour Cells Viability Effect of African Dioscorea Rotundata Tuber Extracts in Mcf-7 and Mda-Mb231 Cell Lines
bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.05.08.084269; this version posted May 10, 2020. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder. All rights reserved. No reuse allowed without permission. 1 HUMAN BREAST TUMOUR CELLS VIABILITY EFFECT OF AFRICAN DIOSCOREA ROTUNDATA TUBER EXTRACTS IN MCF-7 AND MDA-MB231 CELL LINES. Joy Ifunanya Odimegwu*, Ph.D.; Olukemi Abiodun Odukoya*, PhD.; Alejandro Español**, PhD.; Maria Elena Sales**, PhD. *Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, College of Medicine Campus, University of Lagos. NIGERIA and **Laboratory of Tumor Immunopharmacology, Center for Pharmacological and Botanical Studies (CEFYBO)-CONICET. School of Medicine. University of Buenos Aires. Argentina. Corresponding author: Dr. Joy Ifunanya Odimegwu, PMB 12003 Idiaraba, Lagos. NIGERIA +234 8170140519. [email protected]; ORCID: 0000-0001-7398-1311 Co-author email addresses: Prof. Olukemi Abiodun Odukoya; [email protected] ORCID: 0000-0002-0904-0610 Dr. Alejandro Español; [email protected]; ORCID: 0000-0001-8222-4259 Prof. Maria Elena Sales; [email protected]; ORCID: 0000-0001-5086-0007 Funding: University of Lagos, NIGERIA. Tertiary Education Trust Fund [TETFUND 2015]. Third World Academy of Sience-United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization [TWAS-UNESCO] Fellowship, Centro de Estudios Farmacologico y Botanicos-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas [CEFYBO-CONICET], Buenos Aires, Argentina. The funding organisations noted here played no roles in the design of the study and collection, analysis, and interpretation of data and in writing the manuscript. Acknowledgement: We wish to thank TETFUND, TWAS-UNESCO for the research fellowship offered to Dr. -
Dioscorea Batatas (Dioscorea Polystachya) Chinese Yam
Dioscorea polystachya Dioscorea batatas (Dioscorea polystachya) Chinese yam Introduction The genus Dioscorea includes more than 600 species worldwide in tropical and temperate regions. According to early publications of Chinese flora, 49 species are distributed in China; however, in the updated versions, there are 53 species (listed in the next section). Dioscorea is a genus of great economic value as an important food plant. Some species are also resources for the pharmaceutical industry[28][29]. Species of Dioscorea in China Leaves of Dioscora batatas. Scientific Name Scientific Name D. alata L. D. kamoonensis Kunth Taxonomy D. althaeoides R. Knuth D. linearicordata Prain et Burkill Family: Dioscoreaceae D. aspersa Prain et Burkill D. martini Prain et Burkill Genus: Dioscorea L. D. banzuana Péi et C. T. Ting D. melanophyma Prain et Burkill There are many scientific synonyms ‡ D. benthamii Prain et Burkill D. menglaensis H. Li and common names for D. batatas. D. bicolor Prain et Burkill D. nipponica Makino Dioscorea batatas is called Chinese yam, D. biformifolia Péi et C. T. Ting D. nitens Prain et Burkil cinnamon yam, wild yam, or common D. birmanica Prain et Burkill† D. panthaica Prain et Burkill yam; it is referred to as Dioscorea D. bulbifera L. D. pentaphylla L. polystachya and Dioscorea opposita. D. chingii Prain et Burkill D. persimilis Prain et Burkill It is also synonymous with Dioscorea D. cirrhosa Loar. D. poilanei Prain et Burkill oppositifolia. Dioscorea batatas is the taxonomic name generally used in the D. collettii Hook. f. D. polystachya Turczaninow‡ United States[29]. D. cumingii Prain et Burkill† D. -
Effect of Seed Tuber Weights on the Development of Tubers
J. Japan. Soc. Hort. Sci. 76 (3): 230–236. 2007. Available online at www.jstage.jst.go.jp/browse/jjshs JSHS © 2007 Effect of Seed Tuber Weights on the Development of Tubers and Flowering Spikes in Japanese Yams (Dioscorea japonica) Grown under Different Photoperiods and with Plant Growth Regulators Yasunori Yoshida1*, Harumi Takahashi1, Hiroomi Kanda1 and Koki Kanahama2 1Akita Prefectural College of Agriculture, Ohgata, Akita 010–0451, Japan 2Faculty of Agriculture, Tohoku University, Aobaku, Sendai 981–8555, Japan The effect of seed tuber (ST) weight on the development of main shoots, aerial tubers (bulbils, AT), new tubers (below ground, NT), and flowering spikes (inflorescences) was examined in Japanese yam plants (Dioscorea japonica) grown under different photoperiods and with plant growth regulators (PGRs). Within the same PGR and ST-weight group, the main shoot lengths of plants grown under a 24-h photoperiod (constant light, LD) were found to be longer than those grown under an 8-h photoperiod (SD) in all seasons. Furthermore, within the same photoperiod and ST-weight group, except for the plants grown from 25 g of ST (25gST plants) under SD conditions, the main shoot lengths of control and gibberellic acid (GA3)-treated plants were found to be longer than those of uniconazole-P (Uni)-treated plants. These tendencies were stronger in the 50gST plants than in the 25gST plants. In the 25gST plants, the final fresh weight (FW) of NT and the combined FW of AT and NT were greater in plants grown under LD conditions (LD plants) than those of SD plants; however, this was not observed in the case of the 50gST plants. -
Marketing System of Korean Herbal Medicine Materials
Journalof Rural Development 21 (Winter 1998): 197-224 197 MARKETING SYSTEM OF KOREAN HERBAL MEDICINE MATERIALS SANG-L YP HAN* I. Introduction As not only medicines which are helpful for the health of people but also as a source of farm income, Korean herbal medicine materials (hereinafter, KHMMs) have been closely associated with our lives for a long time. But recently, owing to the IMF shock in Korea, their prices have been heavily declined accompanied by a sharp decrease in their demand. In addition to this, there have been a sudden increase in the import of foreign herbal medicine materials. Consequently, KHMMs areon the verge of a collapse of their industrial foundation. KHMMs are the raw materials of Korean herbal medicine which is a traditional medicine science native to Korea. Their production style is changing gradually from natural collecting and assembling at fields and mountains to cultivation and production. And their supply channel from producers to consumers is classified into the process of assembling, collection, distribution and the consumption areas market. So KHMMs have a structural characteristic of the complicated marketing channel which has many stages. With many stages in the marketing process, producers' receiving price is bound to fall and consumers' paying price is bound to rise relatively. In the process of production, KHMMs are treated as agricultural products, but in the process of consumption transaction, treated as medicinal materials. Quality and character are regarded as important in the process of their production, but in the process of * Former ResearchAssociate. Korea Rural EconomicInstitute, Seoul, Korea. 198 Journalof Rural Development 21 (Winter 1998) consumption transaction, medicinal effect and ingredients as medicinal materials are so. -
YAM(Proj.4) ORIGINAL: English DATE: 2009-02-23 INTERNATIONAL UNION for the PROTECTION of NEW VARIETIES of PLANTS GENEVA
E TG/YAM(proj.4) ORIGINAL: English DATE: 2009-02-23 INTERNATIONAL UNION FOR THE PROTECTION OF NEW VARIETIES OF PLANTS GENEVA DRAFT * YAM UPOV Code: DIOSC_ALA; DIOSC_BAT; DIOSC_JAP Dioscorea alata L.; Dioscorea polystachya Turcz.; Dioscorea japonica Thunb. GUIDELINES FOR THE CONDUCT OF TESTS FOR DISTINCTNESS, UNIFORMITY AND STABILITY prepared by an expert from Japan to be considered by the Technical Committee at its forty-fifth session, to be held in Geneva from March 30 to April 1, 2009 Alternative Names:* Botanical name English French German Spanish Dioscorea alata L. Greater yam, Grande igname, Geflügelter Yam, Ñame blanco, Guyana arrowroot, Igname ailée, Wasser- Ñame de agua, Ten-months yam, Igname de Chine Yamswurzel Tabena Water yam, White yam, Winged yam, Yam Dioscorea polystachya Chinese yam, Igname Chinesische Turcz., Chinese-potato, Yamswurzel Dioscorea batatas Cinnamon-vine Decne. Dioscorea japonica Japanese yam Igname japonaise Thunb. The purpose of these guidelines (“Test Guidelines”) is to elaborate the principles contained in the General Introduction (document TG/1/3), and its associated TGP documents, into detailed practical guidance for the harmonized examination of distinctness, uniformity and stability (DUS) and, in particular, to identify appropriate characteristics for the examination of DUS and production of harmonized variety descriptions. ASSOCIATED DOCUMENTS These Test Guidelines should be read in conjunction with the General Introduction and its associated TGP documents. * These names were correct at the time of the introduction of these Test Guidelines but may be revised or updated. [Readers are advised to consult the UPOV Code, which can be found on the UPOV Website (www.upov.int), for the latest information.] TG/YAM(proj.4) Yam, 2009-02-23 - 2 - TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE 1. -
Genetic Diversity and Population Structure of Trifoliate Yam (Dioscorea
Siadjeu et al. BMC Plant Biology (2018) 18:359 https://doi.org/10.1186/s12870-018-1593-x RESEARCH ARTICLE Open Access Genetic diversity and population structure of trifoliate yam (Dioscorea dumetorum Kunth) in Cameroon revealed by genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS) Christian Siadjeu* , Eike Mayland-Quellhorst and Dirk C. Albach Abstract Background: Yams (Dioscorea spp.) are economically important food for millions of people in the humid and sub- humid tropics. Dioscorea dumetorum (Kunth) is the most nutritious among the eight-yam species, commonly grown and consumed in West and Central Africa. Despite these qualities, the storage ability of D. dumetorum is restricted by severe postharvest hardening of the tubers that can be addressed through concerted breeding efforts. The first step of any breeding program is bound to the study of genetic diversity. In this study, we used the Genotyping-By- Sequencing of Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (GBS-SNP) to investigate the genetic diversity and population structure of 44 accessions of D. dumetorum in Cameroon. Ploidy was inferred using flow cytometry and gbs2ploidy. Results: We obtained on average 6371 loci having at least information for 75% accessions. Based on 6457 unlinked SNPs, our results demonstrate that D. dumetorum is structured into four populations. We clearly identified, a western/ north-western, a western, and south-western populations, suggesting that altitude and farmers-consumers preference are the decisive factors for differential adaptation and separation of these populations. Bayesian and neighbor- joining clustering detected the highest genetic variability in D. dumetorum accessions from the south-western region. This variation is likely due to larger breeding efforts in the region as shown by gene flow between D.