DOCSLIB.ORG

The Foreign Service Journal, September 1981

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

Elliot Richardson on State’s Decline Bruce Laingen on Diplomats & Terrorism foreign Service Jo 'ENTY FIVE CENTS SEPTEMBER 1981 Peaceful Atom”11 An Interview With IAEA Director General Sisvard Eklund Fall for the Good Times! Get with the good times at (That’s just $49.50 per person The Fun Never Sets: Bring your Sea Pines. America’s Favorite per night!) Other value-priced friends to Sea Pines, where the Vacation. During this year’s sports and holiday packages fun is forever. Our autumn night¬ special Fall Festival, we available too. times glisten with offer everything from round Endless Fun in the Endless good food robins to oyster roasts, from Summer: Our summer stretches and good times hayrides to bi¬ well into the fall. There are at over 50 island cycle picnics. plenty of sun-drenched days restaurants and Ideal settings for ocean swimming, jogging or night spots. for getting biking along our five miles of Write or Call together with wide white beach. So come visit Toll-Free Today:. old friends. us now. We’ll send you complete inf or-’ Or meeting World Famous Golf and Free mation, everything you need new ones. Tennis: There are 71 tennis courts to know to fall for the good times New Fall Packages: We’ve at Sea Pines. designed new, enticing packages for the good times this fall. For ^ree Call toll-free (8(H)) 845-6131 example, our 3 day/2 night Fall In South Carolina (8001922-7042 or call your travel agent. Festival Weekend Package* championship gives you free tennis, bicycles, , jL tk golf courses. complimentary cocktail, Sunday ^ You can organ- Brunch, and free participation - ize your own Sea Pines. in exciting special events, mini-tournaments, or play AT HILTON HEAD plus villa accommodations for your own Heritage on our famed Sea Pines Resort, Hilton Head Island, S.C. 29928 as low as $198 per couple. Harbour Town Links. * All packages subject to conditions in Sea Pines Package Brochure. COVER: A night-time view of the French-built Osimk reac¬ tor in Iraq that urns destroyed by an Ismeli air strike, now a fitting symbol of the irony in the U.N. International Atomic Energy Agency’s program to bring "Atoms for Peace" to the world. Our interview with IAEA Director Gencivl Sigvard Eklund begins on page 22. Officers and Members of the The State of State 14 Governing Hoard CHARLESS. WHITEHOUSE, President The decline of the Foreign Service began when ANTHEA DE ROUVILLE, Vice President Henry Kissinger upgraded the role of the RON WITHERELL, Second Vice national security adviser and has been wors¬ President JOSEPH MCBRIDE, Secretary ened by attitudes within the State Department MICHAEL SPEERS, Treasurer itself. By Elliot L. Richardson. WILLIAM SCHOUX, RALPH BARNETT, AID Representatives STEPHEN M. CHAPLIN, ICA Diplomats & Terrorism 18 Representative ROBERT FRANKS, DONALD K. Had there been an understanding in place HOLM, IRVING WILLIAMSON, State Representatives among the U.S. and its allies on hmv to re¬ SPENCER KING, CHARLES spond to Iran's kind of state-sponsored terror¬ WHITEHOUSE, Retired Representatives ism, the hostage crisis might have been much Staff shorter. By Bruce Laingen. ROBERT M. BEERS, Executive Director SUSAN HOLIK, General Counsel The Peaceful Atom 22 SABINE SISK, Members’ Interest/ Grievance Representative Israel's attack on the Iraqi reactor put an PAT GUILD, Executive Secretary otherwise relatively unknown physicist at the CECIL B. SANNER, Membership and Circulation world’s center stage. An interview with IAEA Scholarship Programs Director General Sigvard Eklund. DAWN CUTHELL The Journal: War Comes to Naiba 28 Foreign Service Journal The British and German consular agents were Editorial Board fast friends for 20 years until news of war H. KENNETH HILL, Interim Chairman reached their remote Brazilian jungle village. JAMES L. ROUSH By Fred Godsey. DONALD MACCOKQCODALE DAVID WILSON Staff The Foreign Service Journal is the magazine of Membership in the American Foreign Service .STEPHEN R. DUJACK, Editor professionals in foreign affairs, published 11 times Association is open to the professionals in foreign FRANCES G. BURWELL, Associate a year by the American Foreign Service Associa¬ affairs overseas or in Washington, as well as to Editor tion, a non-profit organization. Material appear¬ persons having an active interest in, or close AGNES BUNDY, Editorial Assistant ing herein represents the opinions of the writers association with, foreign affairs. Membership dues and is not intended to indicate the official views of are: Active Members—Dues range from $52 to Advertising Representatives the Department of State, the International Com¬ $104 annually. Retired Active Members—Dues munication Agency, the Agency for International are $40 annually for members with incomes over JAMES C. SASMOR ASSOCIATES, Development, or the United States Government $30,000: $25 annually for less than $20,000. Asso¬ 521 Fifth Ave., Suite 1700, as a whole. While the Editorial Board is respon¬ ciate Members—Dues are $25 annually. All dues New York, N.Y. 10017. sible for general content, statements concerning payments include $7.50 allocation for the Journal (212) 683-3421 the policy and administration of AFSA as em¬ and Association News, per AFSA Bylaws. ployee representative under the Foreign Service Subscription to the Journal: one year (11 is¬ ALBERT D. SHONK CO., Act of 1980 on the editorial page and in the sues), $7.50; two years, $12.00. For subscriptions 681 Market St., Association News, and all communications relat¬ going abroad, except Canada, add $1.00 annually. San Francisco, Calif. 94105. ing to these, are the responsibility of the AFSA Second-class postage paid at Washington. D.C. Governing Board. and at additional post office. (415) 392-7144 Microfilm copies of current as well as of back American Foreign Sen ice Association, 1981. 2101 E Street, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20037. JOSHUA B. POWERS, LTD., issues of the Foreign Sendee Journal are avail¬ 46 Keyes House, Dolphin Sq., able through the University Microfilm Library Telephone (202) 338-4045. Services, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48106, under a September 1981. Volume 58, No. 8. ISSN London SW1. 01-834-8023/9 contract signed October 30, 1967. 0015-7279. International Representatives. objective was to keep the number of American advisers to a minimum, to avoid a sudden flare-up of the xenophobia which lies so near the surface, for understandable reasons, in that ancient land. We applauded Color LETTERS the Shah’s efforts to modernize his Add 20C for Handling country, we urged repeatedly that TRIM COLOR (Square Photo) SLIM COLOR <3v» * 7) he provide some outlet for the polit¬ s 50 s 50 ical expression of his people, and 25 4 25 5 Undermining an Ally argued with him when necessary Additional cards 20c ea. Additional cards 25c ea. Add $1.15 postage & handling. about police excesses, the pace of Includes envelopes. TRIM style made from your square neg. Slide or photo add: $2.00 up to 5" x 7" — I read with interest and some nos¬ development, and the rapidity with $2.50 for 5" x 7" & 8" x 10”. 110 film must be made talgia Charles Maechling’s review of which he could reasonably expect to SUM style. Satisfaction guaranteed or money back. No C.O.D.’s. Send check, cash or M.O. Barry Rubin’s book on Iran (Paved build up his forces. Incidentally, far PLUS VALUABLE COUPON! WE USE KODAK PAPER FOR A GOOD LOOK! with Good Intentions, May). As one from being the American puppet of PHILIPS FOTO CO. DEPT. DIP ELMSF0RD. N.Y. 10523 who served (with Bruce Laingen) in popular portrayal, he was one of the Iran after the fall of Mossadeq and most difficult leaders of a friendly later managed Iranian affairs in the country we have ever had to deal Planning a department for over three years, I with. Special believe both Maechling and Rubin On balance, I continue to believe have put their fingers on the point that in his own milieu the Shah was Function? at which U.S. policy began to un¬ a capable leader who did far more dermine an ally we wished to main¬ good than harm, and who deserved Call the tain. better treatment at the hands of his We followed during my time, and countrymen and his erstwhile Foreign Service for some years thereafter, a policy of friends. In later years he clearly Club restraint in providing military assis¬ suffered the corruption of absolute tance to the Shah. Our guidelines power and the accompanying mega¬ (202) 338-5730 were to provide nothing beyond lomania, a powerful reason for the Margot Joseph, what the Iranian armed forces could U.S. not to encourage the enormous manager operate and maintain. A concomitant military buildup and the influx of When You’re Transferred You Won’t Have to Worry About the Precious Belongings You’ve Left Behind You can leave for "your new foreign assignment and know at all times where your possessions are for your be sure that your belongings are being taken care of security and convenience. expertly in District Moving & Storage’s new, modern COMPLETE SECURITY of your goods because they’re warehouse facility. Wherever you live in the Greater protected by full security fencing with security Washington Area, you are convenient to us. lighting, a central station burglar alarm system and a MORE THAN 72,000 SQUARE FEET OF SAPCE. The most dry sprinkler system. modern warehouse facility anywhere, constructed CUSTOM CONTAINERIZATION. We’ve made entirely of steel and concrete. containerization a packing science to keep everything MODERN INVENTORY LOCATOR SYSTEM means that we you store with us safe, clean and dry until you return or send for your belongings. , 2 FOREIGN SERVICE JOURNAL I FOREIG underwritten by London insurors gnnd exclusively SERVI administered by PERSONNE HUNTINGTON T.
Recommended publications
  • Supreme Court of the United States

    Supreme Court of the United States

    No. 04-5928 IN THE Supreme Court of the United States JOSÉ ERNESTO MEDELLÍN, Petitioner, v. DOUG DRETKE, DIRECTOR, TEXAS DEPARTMENT OF CRIMINAL JUSTICE, CORRECTIONAL INSTITUTIONS DIVISION, Respondent. ON WRIT OF CERTIORARI TO THE UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS FOR THE FIFTH CIRCUIT BRIEF AMICUS CURIAE OF AMBASSADOR L. BRUCE LAINGEN AND LIEUTENANT COLONEL JOHN J. SWIFT, ET AL., IN SUPPORT OF PETITIONER JOSEPH MARGULIES MACARTHUR JUSTICE CENTER UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO LAW SCHOOL TH 1111 EAST 60 STREET CHICAGO, IL 60637 Telephone: (773) 702-9560 Counsel for Amici i TABLE OF CONTENTS Page Table of Authorities…………………………………….. ii Interest of Amici Curiae………………………………… 1 Summary of Argument…………………………………. 5 Argument……………………………………………….. 6 I. The United States Played A Leading Role In Developing The International Protections Provided By Both The Vienna Convention And The Optional Protocol………………….. 6 II. Failure To Provide Vigorous And Robust Enforcement Of The Vienna Convention Could Have Grave Consequences For U.S. Citizens Abroad………………………............ 16 Conclusion……………………………………………….. 27 ii TABLE OF AUTHORITIES Page(s) CASES: Breard v. Pruett, 134 F.3d 615 (4th Cir. 1998).......................................22 Case Concerning United States Diplomatic and Consular Staff in Tehran, (U.S.A. v. Iran), 1980 I.C.J. 3 (Judgment of May 24).................................................14 Flores v. State, 994 P.2d 782 (Okla. Crim. App. 1999)......................23 Standt v. City of New York, 153 F. Supp. 2d 417 (S.D.N.Y. 2001)................... 21-22 U.S. v. Carillo 70 F. Supp. 2d 854 (N.D. Ill. 1999) ............................22 TREATIES: Vienna Convention on Consular Relations, April 24, 1963, 21 U.S.T. 77, 596 UNTS 261...............................passim Optional Protocol Concerning the Compulsory Settlement of Disputes, April 24, 1963, 21 U.S.T.
  • Origins and Early Years Peace Through Scientific Co-Operation Became an Abiding Purpose

    Origins and Early Years Peace Through Scientific Co-Operation Became an Abiding Purpose

    Topical reports: 30th anniversary year The International Atomic Energy Agency: Origins and early years Peace through scientific co-operation became an abiding purpose by Dr John A. Hall Motivated by the apprehension of scientists and' Auspices of the United States Government 1940-1945.* statesmen, created by determined negotiating groups^ This lengthy title/prp'ved too cumbersome for some of and structured to meet thexchallenges of.the future, the the reviewers. The, account,,— prepared by Professor International Atomic Energy Agency celebrates its 30th Henry DeWolf Smyth, Chairman of the Department of birthday on 29 July 1987. • ~\ "' '.. - -">;; •Physics of Princeton University — presented concisely The concept of an international atomic energy organi- in language understandable to the layman, the scientific zation was proposed over 40 years ago. The aims ofsuch background and the nature of atomic energy, and the an organization were to control the new force of nuclear development of the weapon. This small book enjoyed energy for peaceful purposes, to solve the problem of extensive circulation and has been translated into 40 lan- atomic weapon limitation, to protect the public from the guages.** hazards of radiation, and also to promote a constructive dialogue between the United States and the Soviet Union Postwar roots in this new and dynamic field. Following the war, many scientists and statesmen had After the formulation of the early proposals, 10 years concluded that it was vital to secure international control of discussion and fumbling followed, finally resulting in of nuclear energy. The new United Nations, established negotiations leading to the establishment in 1957 of an in the summer of 1945, appeared to be the logical forum autonomous and independent international organization, for examining the possible ways of achieving this goal.
  • The Creation of the International Centre for Theoretical Physics in Trieste

    The Creation of the International Centre for Theoretical Physics in Trieste

    Alexis De Greiff The tale of two peripheries The Tale of Two Peripheries: The Creation of the International Centre for Theoretical Physics in Trieste Publicado con cambios menores en Historical Studies of Physical and Biological Sciences (Special Issue, Alexis De Greiff y David Kaiser, eds.) Vol. 33, Part 1 (2002), pp. 33-60. Alexis De Greiff* Abstract: This paper can be seen in the intersection between history of 20th-century physics, diplomatic history and international relations of science. In this work I analyze the dynamics of the negotiations to create the International Centre for Theoretical Physics, which took place between 1960 and 1963 at the International Atomic Energy Agency. In contrast to previous studies on the creation of international scientific institutions, I pay special attention to the active role played by scientists, politicians and intellectuals from the host-city, Trieste (Italy). Further, I spell out the historical circumstances that allowed this group of local actors to become key figures in the establishment of the Centre. I discuss in detail their interests as well as the political and scientific environment that eventually catalysed the diplomatic efforts of the Trieste elite. The present paper is also concerned with the strategies adopted by the advocates of the idea to confront the hostility of delegations from several industrialized countries, the Soviet Union and India. A frontier is a strip which divides and links, a sour gash like a wound which heals with difficulty, a no-man’s land, a mixed territory, whose inhabitants often feel that they do not belong to any clearly-defined country, or at least they do not belong to any country with that obvious certainty with which one usually identifies with ones native land.
  • INFCIRC/95/Add.1

    INFCIRC/95/Add.1

    INF International Atomic Energy Agency INFCIRC/95/Add.l 6 February 1970 GENERAL Distr. XV INFORMATION CIRCULAR Original: ENGLISH THE TEXTS OF THE INSTRUMENTS CONNECTED WITH THE AGENCY'S ASSISTANCE TO ROMANIA IN FURTHERING PROJECTS BY THE SUPPLY OF MATERIALS Second and Third Supplementary Agreements As a sequel to the assistance which the Agency has provided to the Government of Romania in furthering projects by the supply of materials [ 1 ] , two additional Supplementary Agreements to the Master Agreement concerning the provision of that assistance [2] have been concluded between the Agency and the Government. These Agreements entered into force on 4 June 1968 and 21 August 1968 respectively, and the texts [3 ] are reproduced herein for the information of all Members. [ 1 ] Pursuant to the agreements reproduced in document INFCIRC/95. [2] INFCIRC/95, part I. [3 ] The footnotes to the texts have been added in the present information circular. 70-482 INFCIRC/95/Add. 1 I. SUPPLEMENTARY AGREEMENT No. 2 TO THE MASTER AGREEMENT BETWEEN THE INTERNATIONAL ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY AND THE GOVERNMENT OF ROMANIA FOR ASSISTANCE BY THE AGENCY IN. FURTHERING PROJECTS BY THE SUPPLY OF MATERIALS WHEREAS the International Atomic Energy Agency (hereinafter the "Agency") and the Government of Romania (hereinafter the "Government") on 22 April 1966 entered into a Master Agreement for Assistance by the Agency in Furthering Projects by the Supply of Materials (hereinafter the "Master Agreement") [2 ]; WHEREAS the Government has proposed a project for research
  • American Diplomacy at Risk

    American Diplomacy at Risk

    American Diplomacy at Risk APRIL 2015 American Academy of Diplomacy April 2015 | 1 American Academy of Diplomacy American Diplomacy at Risk APRIL 2015 © Copyright 2015 American Academy of Diplomacy 1200 18th Street NW, Suite 902 Washington DC 20036 202.331.3721 www.academyofdiplomacy.org Contents Participants . 6 Donors . 7 I . Introduction: American Diplomacy at Risk . 9 II . The Politicization of American Diplomacy . 14 A. General Discussion . 14 B. The Cost of Non-Career Political Appointees . .15 C. Recommendations . 17 III . The Nullification of the Foreign Service Act of 1980 . .22 . A. General Discussion . 22 B. Recommendations . 24 IV . Valuing the Professional Career Foreign Service . .30 A. Basic Skills of Diplomacy . 30 B. Diplomatic Readiness Compromised . 31 C. Background . 34 D. Entry-Level Recommendations . 39 E. Mid-Level Recommendations . 42 V . Defining and Improving Opportunities for Professional Civil Service Employees 44 A. Discussion . 44 B. Recommendations . 45 VI . State’s Workforce Development, Organization and Management . .47 A. Discussion . 47 B. Recommendations . 47 Appendix A . 51 Washington Post op-ed by Susan R. Johnson, Ronald E. Neumann and Thomas R. Pickering of April 11, 2013 Appendix B . 53 State Press Guidance of April 12, 2013 Appendix C . 55 List of Special Advisors, Envoys and Representatives Appendix D . 57 Project Paper: Study of Entry-Level Officers, The Foreign Service Professionalism Project for the American Academy of Diplomacy, by Jack Zetkulic, July 9, 2014 American Diplomacy at Risk Participants Project Team Ambassador Thomas D. Boyatt, Susan Johnson, Ambassador Lange Schermerhorn, Ambassador Clyde Taylor Co-Chairs Ambassador Marc Grossman and Ambassador Thomas R. Pickering Chair of Red Team Ambassador Edward Rowell American Academy of Diplomacy Support Team President: Ambassador Ronald E.
  • 20 YEARS LATER Where Does Diplomacy Stand?

    20 YEARS LATER Where Does Diplomacy Stand?

    PUBLISHED BY THE AMERICAN FOREIGN SERVICE ASSOCIATION SEPTEMBER 2021 20 YEARS LATER Where Does Diplomacy Stand? September 2021 Volume 98, No. 7 Focus on 9/11, Twenty Years Later 22 Getting Off the X In a compelling personal account of the 9/11 attacks, one FSO offers tactics for surviving when catastrophe strikes. By Nancy Ostrowski 26 The Global War on Terror and Diplomatic Practice The war on terror fundamentally changed U.S. diplomacy, leaving a trail 39 of collateral damage to America’s readiness for future challenges. Intervention: FS Know-How By Larry Butler Unlearned Lessons, or the Gripes of a Professional 46 31 The State Department’s failure to Whistleblower effectively staff and run interventions Protections: America and 9/11: has a long history. Four critical A Nonpartisan The Real-World Impact of lessons can be drawn from the post-9/11 experience. Necessity Terrorism and Extremism As old as the United States itself, In retrospect, 9/11 did not foreshadow By Ronald E. Neumann whistleblowing has protections the major changes that now drive worth knowing about. U.S. foreign policy and national security strategy. By Alain Norman and 43 Raeka Safai By Anthony H . Cordesman From the FSJ Archive 9/11, War on Terror, Iraq 35 and Afghanistan FS Heritage The Proper Measure of the Place: 48 Reflections on the Diplomats Make Afghan Mission a Difference: Drawing from two tours, a decade The U.S. and Mongolia, apart, a veteran diplomat explores the competing visions for Afghanistan. 1986-1990 In the 1992 FSJ, Ambassador By Keith W.
  • Nuclear Proliferation and Safeguards: Appendix Volume II, Part Two

    Nuclear Proliferation and Safeguards: Appendix Volume II, Part Two

    Nuclear Proliferation and Safeguards: Appendix Volume II, Part Two June 1977 NTIS order #PB-275843 — TABLE OF CONTENTS I. Introduction . 1 II. Production of Nuclear Weapons Materials . 3 111. Plutonium-Producing Reactors . 6 Iv. Recovery of Plutonium from Reactor Fuel . 27 v. Uranium Enrichment by Gas Centrifuges . 43 Annexes A. Plutonium Production Rates . 56 B. Parameters of the BGRR . 60 c. Foreign, Non-Communist Resources of Uranium . 61 D. Separative Work . 63 Selected References . 66 TABLE OF CONTENTS VOLUME 11 - APPENDIXES PART TWO VI. Dedicated Facilities VII. Purchase and Theft VIII. Description of Safeguards Technology and Procedures IX. International Controls Appendix VI. Dedicated Facilities Appendix VI Dedicated Facilities Table of Contents Page VI. A. Dedicated Facilities for the Production of Nuclear Weapons in Small and/or Developing Nations . 1 B. Level II Dedicated Facilities . 71 c. Electromagnetic Separation of Isotopes . 93 D. Uranium Laser Isotope Separation and Nuclear weapons Proliferation (Unclassified Version) . 109 i APPENDIX VI-A by John R. Lamarsh ]~~rr~: portions of this report are based on material prepared earlier for the Congressional Research Ser- vice Of the Library of Congress. VI -1 Preventing the spread of nuclear weapons to other nations has been a-major policy objective of the United States Government since the end of World War II. This objective has found expression in domestic legislation restricting the export of nuclear technology and materials, and, on the international front, in the establishment of the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) and in the negotiation of the Treaty on Nonproliferation of Nuclear Weapons (NPT). With the increasing pace in the construction of nuclear power plants abroad, considerable attention has been given to the problem of assuring that none of the plutonium produced in these plants is diverted for use in weapons.
  • Association for Diplomatic Studies and Training Foreign Affairs Oral History Project

    Association for Diplomatic Studies and Training Foreign Affairs Oral History Project

    Association for Diplomatic Studies and Training Foreign Affairs Oral History Project ELEANORE RAVEN-HAMILTON Interviewed by: Edward Dillery Initial Interview Date: November 18, 2009. Copyright 2012 ADST TABLE OF CONTENTS Background Born and raised in Ne York City BA from Rosemont College, Rosemont, PA, %une 1956 MA from American University of Beirut, ,ebanon, %une 196. Entered the Foreign Service in 195. A1100 Course Ne York City3 State Department 4isitors5 Center 195. ,eader 6rants 7ashington, DC, State Department3 4oluntary 4isitors Program 195.11959 Operations Marriage Resignation from the Foreign Service 1959 Ne Delhi, India3 7ife of USAID Officer, %ac9ues Raven 195911962 ,iving 9uarters and environment Birth of son Anglo1Indians Daily living Travels US presidential elections 7ashington, D.C. 7ife of USAID officer 196211964 Beirut. ,ebanon3 7ife of United Nations Development Officer 19641196. American University of Beirut, Masters degree studies Children5s education Environment The American University of Beirut State Department Arabic language program ,ebanese ethnic and religious mix 1 Palestinians San Francisco, California3 7ife of 7ells Fargo Officer 196.11969 Head start program Teacher, French1American Bilingual School Paris, France3 19691 19.5 Teacher, American School of Paris Teacher, Marymount school Medical problems Application to rejoin the Foreign Service Divorce Re1joined the Foreign Service 19.5 State Department3 Foreign Service Institute (FSI); Farsi 19.5 ,anguage training Family obligations Teheran, Iran3 Consular Officer
  • SKC Annual Report 2016

    SKC Annual Report 2016

    AnnualSKC Report 2013 AnnualAnnual Report 2013Page 1 Swedish Centre for Nuclear Technology March 2017 SKC 17-01 Report 2016 SKC, KTH / AlbaNova, Roslagstullsbacken 21, SE-106 91 STOCKHOLM www.swedishnuclear.se, [email protected] +46 (0)8 739 73 25 Summary and highlights of 2016 2016 has resulted in a clearer situation of the Swedish energy market, and the year was mainly influenced by the energy agreement in Sweden in June. The energy commission work held several hearings in 2015 and concluded with a broad national agreement how the energy production will be handled until 2040, including the need for nuclear power as a key ingredient in the transition to a fossile-free energy system. Several activities were performed within SKC during 2016. The Finnish PhD student network on nuclear technology (YTERA) visited KTH in Spring with about 30 participants. SKC was well represented at CHARM, UTNARM and ARMADA and the interest from students seems to remain and we can always guide the students to the best courses, and future employers through our parties. A first SKC Student Day was performed at Chalmers in collaboration with SNEC (Sustainable Nuclear Energy Centre at Chalmers) where about 20 students participated, and several posters and shorter TED-like presentations were given. Prizes to best poster/talk was given at the evening dinner. The annual SKC symposium was held this year outside Gothenburg, at Hindåsgården, 11-12 October. This event had an increased focus on the students, and the plenary session also included 5 short presentations from their research. We had also an invited speaker from VTT in Finland, Eija-Karita Puska, who presented the activities there, but also the national research programme, SAFIR among other things.
  • Tension Between Visions of Science Education the Case of Energy Quality in Swedish Secondary Science Curricula

    Tension Between Visions of Science Education the Case of Energy Quality in Swedish Secondary Science Curricula

    Sci & Educ DOI 10.1007/s11191-017-9895-1 ARTICLE Tension Between Visions of Science Education The Case of Energy Quality in Swedish Secondary Science Curricula Jesper Haglund1 & Magnus Hultén2 # The Author(s) 2017. This article is an open access publication Abstract The aim of this study is to contribute to an understanding of how curricular change is accomplished in practice, including the positions and conflicts of key stakeholders and participants, and their actions in the process. As a case, we study the treatment of energy in Swedish secondary curricula in the period 1962–2011 and, in particular, how the notion of energy quality was introduced in the curricula in an energy course at upper secondary school in 1983 and in physics at lower secondary school in 1994. In the analysis, we use Roberts’ two competing visions of science education, Vision I in which school science subjects largely mirror their corresponding academic disciplines and Vision II that incorporates societal matters of science. In addition, a newly suggested Vision III represents a critical perspective on science education. Our analysis shows how Vision II and III aspects of science education have gained importance in curricula since the 1980s, but in competition with Vision I considerations. Energy quality played a central role in providing Vision II and III arguments in the curricular debate on energy teaching. Subsequent educational research has found that Swedish teachers and students struggle with how to relate to energy quality in physics teaching, which we explain as partly due to the tension between the competing visions. Keywords Energy quality.
  • FLAG and the Diplomacy of the Iran Hostage Families

    FLAG and the Diplomacy of the Iran Hostage Families

    Daniel Strieff FLAG and the diplomacy of the Iran hostage families Article (Accepted version) (Refereed) Original citation: Strieff, Daniel (2017) FLAG and the diplomacy of the Iran hostage families. Diplomacy and Statecraft, 28 (4). pp. 702-725. ISSN 0959-2296 DOI: 10.1080/09592296.2017.1386465 © 2017 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC This version available at: http://eprints.lse.ac.uk/86833/ Available in LSE Research Online: February 2018 LSE has developed LSE Research Online so that users may access research output of the School. Copyright © and Moral Rights for the papers on this site are retained by the individual authors and/or other copyright owners. Users may download and/or print one copy of any article(s) in LSE Research Online to facilitate their private study or for non-commercial research. You may not engage in further distribution of the material or use it for any profit-making activities or any commercial gain. You may freely distribute the URL (http://eprints.lse.ac.uk) of the LSE Research Online website. This document is the author’s final accepted version of the journal article. There may be differences between this version and the published version. You are advised to consult the publisher’s version if you wish to cite from it. 1 FLAG and the Diplomacy of the Iran Hostage Families Daniel Strieff Abstract. The extraordinary public diplomacy carried out by the families of the American hostages held in Iran from 1979-1981 played a pivotal role in domesticating and humanising the biggest foreign policy crisis of Jimmy Carter’s presidency.
  • US Foreign Policy and Its Perspectives on Revolutionary Iran

    US Foreign Policy and Its Perspectives on Revolutionary Iran

    A Fleeting, Forgotten, Modus Vivendi: U.S. Foreign Policy and its Perspectives on Revolutionary Iran Before the Hostage Crisis of 1979 By Nathan Eckman Senior Thesis Spring 2018 Columbia University Department of History Seminar Advisor: Matthew Connelly Faculty Advisor: Peter Awn Table of Contents 2 Preface & Acknowledgments 3 Introduction 11 Chapter One: America, The Arbiter January – December, 1978 25 Chapter Two: “The Islamic Movement Will Squander” January – April, 1979 42 Chapter Three: Dawn in Qom, Dusk in Tehran May – November, 1979 54 Conclusion 60 Bibliography Eckman 1 Preface & Acknowledgments Four years ago I was in the Middle East wearing Marine Corps combat utilities. The men I trained beside, the seas and straits my ship traveled through, and the lands my platoon traversed illuminated the complexity and richness of the Middle East as a whole. I became fascinated with the region’s history and the United States’ involvement in it. It was also then that I decided to study the region whenever and wherever I went to school. Even then, due in part to its mysterious image and rogue-classification, I knew Iran must be the topic of my studies. So to begin, I must thank Columbia University and its History Department for providing me the opportunity to make my intellectual aspirations a reality. My years at this institution have challenged me on nearly every front and simultaneously given me the autonomy to find answers for myself. This, of course, is possible only because of the people that are the fabric of this great institution. It is tempting to list every man and woman who helped me along this journey.