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Index

1KG 383–4 All-Asian Conference on Women 133 50 Years are Enough 183 Alliance of Small Island States 228–9 Alter, Karen J. 437, 449 Abruzzo, Margaret 419 American Federation of Labor 2, 445 Acción Contra el Hambre 364 American National Standards Institute Acción Ecológica 272 327 accountability 27, 106–8, 117, Amici della Terra 273–4 158–60, 171, 205, 219, 232–6, Amnesty International 24, 59, 105, 247–8, 272, 303–21, 337–9 116–17, 143, 196–9, 203, 205–6, Accountability Now 311 209–12, 290, 392, 396, 424–5 Accreditation Services International An Zhu 383 329–30, 337–8 ancient NGOs 16 ACIDH 443 Anheier, H. 97–8, 100, 306 Action Contre la Faim 344–7, 353–7, Anna Lindh Foundation 212 362–4 Annan, Kofi 77–81, 83 ActionAid 185, 249 Antarctic Treaty 8 Ad Hoc Group on the Berlin Mandate Antigua 6, 442 217 apartheid 25 Advisory Group on Greenhouse Gases Apple 243, 276 220 Aquaculture Stewardship Council Afghanistan 358, 421–2 329–31 African Charter on Human and Arab Charter for 199 People’s Rights 199 Arab Spring 28, 167, 245 African Commission and Court of Archer, Clive 58 Human and Peoples’ Rights 50 25, 443 African Communities League 20 Asad, Talal 416 African Development Bank 183 Asia Pacific Human Rights Network African NGOs Environment Network 27 258 Asian Pulp and Paper 338–9 African Women Empowerment Guild 27 Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation Afro-Asian People’s Solidarity 188, 444 Organization 23 Association for the Taxation of Aga Khan Foundation 203, 212 Financial Transactions and Agenda 21 26, 77 Citizen’s Action 26 AIDS. See HIV/AIDS Association of Southeast Asian Al Jazeera 87 49, 199 Al Qaeda 3 Association Sherpa 443 al-Banna, Hami 411 Atia, Mona 424 al-Banna, Hassan 421 Audubon Society 268

457

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Australia 6, 77, 116, 222–3, 241, 245, British and Foreign Anti-Slavery 254, 345, 435, 442–3 Society 39 39, 121, 443 British Red Cross 411 British Standards Institute 326–7 Ban Ki-moon 87 Brotherhood of St Laurence 443 158–60, 259 Brown, D. 100, 103 Bangladesh Rehabilitation Assistance Brundtland Report 328 25, 28, 102 Buck, S. 234 Bangladesh Rural Advancement Bullard, R. 264 Committee 102, 159 Bun, Yati 334 Banks, N. 97, 100, 105 Bush, George W. 228, 231, 409–10 Barbada 6 Bush, Sarah 117 Barbuda 442 Business and Industry Advisory Barshefsky, Charlene 445 Council 186–7 Baumgartner, F.R. 435 business international NGOs 219 Bebbington, A. 95 Byanyima, Winnie 247 Beijing Yirenping 375 Byrd–Hagel Resolution 226–7 352, 359, 443, 451 Bellion-Jourdan, Jerome 421–2 171, 360 153 Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament Bennett, Lance 261 24, 116 Benthall, Jonathan 421–2 77, 103, 116, 118, 120, 144, Bentham, Jeremy 38 218, 224, 245, 331, 334, 336–7, Berger, Julia 416–17 340, 345, 357 Berne Copyright Convention 19 Canadian Standards Association 327 Bernett, Michael 418 capacity building 201–2, 207–8, Betsill, Michele 217–18, 226, 230–31 210–12, 266, 385 Bhartiya Janata Party 165 capitalism 41, 158, 163–6, 168, 172, Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation 235, 241–2, 244–5, 260–61, 265, 103, 203, 212 272–3, 275, 372, 385 BirdLife International 21 Cardoso, Fernando 80 Cardoso Report 80 Bjerregaard, Ritt 231 CARE 22, 46, 102, 122, 345, 351 Blair, Tony 275 Carey, George 409 Bloodgood, Elizabeth 3, 10 Caritas Internationalis 351, 365 Bob, Clifford 439 Carnegie Foundation 45 Bodin, Jean 37 Carpenter, Charli 117, 237 Boli, John 35, 91 Carrefour 373 bootlegger and Baptist theory 219, Carter Center 212 227, 234, 236, 439 Castells, Manuel 28 Bornstein, Erica 422–3 Catholic Agency for Overseas Bosnia 350 Development 251 BP 227 Catholic Relief Services 46 Bradol, Jean-Hervé 358 Catholicism 16, 68, 72, 140, 418–19 Braithwaite, J. 450 caucus system 139 27, 185, 316, 336 CEDHA 443 Bretton Woods conference 23 Centano, Julio César 334

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Centre for Humanitarian Dialogue 212 261–3, 265, 270–74, 398, 451. Centre for Research on Multinational See also climate politics Corporations 443 climate politics 217–37. See also Centre for Science and Environment climate change; environmental 229 NGOs; environmentalism Chango, Mawaki 318 Climate Witness Science Advisory charity 98, 102, 116, 118, 120, 161, Panel 223 163, 249, 344, 369–71, 378, 386, Clinton, Bill 140, 160, 221, 227–8, 420 231, 445 Charity Navigator 116, 313 Clinton Foundation 206, 213, 381 Charnovitz, S. 35, 44–5 CNN 358 Chatterjee, P. 268 Coalition for an International Criminal Chaturvedi, S. 270–71 Court 26 Cheng Yen 423 Cobden, Richard 41 Chesapeake Energy 235 Cobden Clubs 41 Chevron 268 Cobham, Alex 247 Chiang Pei-heng 58 Coca-Cola 373 children’s rights 7, 206 Codex Alimentarius Commission 437 6, 16, 18, 64, 104, 153, 163, Cohn, Carol 144 165, 206, 235, 259, 275–6, 316, Colchester, Marcus 334 368–87, 437, 439, 441 Cold War 3, 23, 29, 52, 201, 210, China Welfare League 372 214, 310 China Development Foundation 104 377–82 colonialism 21, 24, 151, 153, 165–6, Chinese Communist Party 368–70, 170 372, 376–7, 379, 384 Commission on Traffic in Women 44 Christensen, Darin 119 Commission to Study the Christian Aid 241, 244–51 Organization of Peace 22–3 Christianity 5, 405–6, 418–20, 422–5 Committee on Consumer Policy 295 CHS Alliance 311 Common Application 384 Citizens for Tax Justice 244–5 Communist Youth League 372 CIVICUS 27–8, 104 Community of Sant’Egidio 212 CIVIDEP 443 Comparative Nonprofit Sector Project civil society 36–8, 79–88, 92, 95, 105, 118 108–9, 139, 200, 210, 307, 349, Confederation for Relief and 352, 375, 386, 394, 398 Development 394 Civil Society Europe 394 Conference of Non-Governmental civil society organisations 1, 60–62, Organizations in Consultative 84, 98–9, 105, 108, 118, 123, Relationship with the United 152, 183, 203, 207, 218, 287, Nations 48–9, 81, 218 294, 297, 307, 310, 374, 398 Conference of the Franciscan Family Clarke, Gerard 99, 407 68 Clean Clothes Campaign 296 Confucianism 369–70 Climate Action Network 2, 106–7, Congo Reform Association 19 218–19, 224, 226, 229–31, Congress of Vienna 17, 35, 38–9, 41 233–4, 237 CONMEBOL 20 climate change 91, 99, 109, 138, 142, Conservation International 261, 263, 221–2, 224–6, 230, 235, 259, 268–9

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consumer associations 10, 280–98 229, 235, 442, 446. See also Consumers International 187, 281, individual countries 285–9, 291–7 development 77, 83, 99, 101–2, 119, Convention on International Trade in 201, 244, 249, 292, 424 Endangered Species of Wild Development Assistance Committee Fauna and Flora 437 152 Cooler Heads Coalition 236 development 101 Cooley, Alexander 344 development NGOs 3, 25, 150–72, corporate social responsibility 27 182, 259. See also individual Correlates of War Project 48, 52 organisations corruption 151, 158, 160 Diamond, Larry 28 Costa Rica 136 Dispute Settlement Mechanism 434, Cotton Printers Housing Co-operative 448 Society 103 division of labour 366 Council of Europe 48, 196–7 Doctors Without Borders. See Council on Foreign Relations 23 Médecins Sans Frontières Counsell, Simon 334, 338–9 Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Covey, J. 100 Consumer Protection Act 254 Crack, Angela 312 Doh, J. 104 Creative Commons 317 Doherty, B. 260–62, 267–8 Credibility Alliance 311 Domain Name System 315 Crimean War 40 Dominican Union of Journalists for CSIRO Atmospheric Research 223 peace 68 CSS Alabama 40 Doniger, David 226 Cyprus 450 donor-organized NGOs 100 Downie, Christian 226–7, 231, 235, Da Mao 275 237 Dahlin, Peter 375 Doyle, Timothy 10, 258, 260–62, Daimler-Chrysler 227, 236 267–8, 270–71 Damro, C. 436 Drahos, P. 450 Data for Events Analysis 121 Dreher, Axel 120 David Suzuki Foundation 340 Drummond, Eric 44 Davids, Tine 145 Du Pont 268 Davies, Thomas 1, 10, 35, 91, 418 Davis, David 118–19 Duffy, Rosaleen 269 Davis, Nancy 406 Dunant, Henri 40 DAWN 100 Dupuy, Kendra 119 Declaration of the Rights of the Child 21 East Toledo Community Organization decolonization 23–4, 29 103 21, 43, 107, 160–61, EastWest Institute 103 169–70, 200–201, 408 Ecoforestry Institute 337 Deng Xiaoping 372–3, 377 Ecological Trading Company 333 345, 451 Ecology Action Centre 340 Depledge, Joanna 139 ECOSOC 1–4, 48, 52, 56–8, 76, developing countries 6, 24, 61, 67, 77, 78–80, 85, 88–9, 120, 135, 143, 97, 137, 181, 183, 185–6, 227, 294

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attempts to extend NGO European Citizens’ Initiative 400 participation rights beyond European Commission 228, 233–4, 74–6 243, 359, 391–4, 396–7, consultative status 1–3, 23, 48, 400–401, 436, 443–4 57–8, 62–74, 81, 88–90, 92, European Commission Humanitarian 152, 310 Office 350, 353–5, 359 education 47, 151, 162, 197–8, European Community 48 200–202, 208, 211–12, 214, 368, European Consumers Confederation 373, 377–8, 382, 421 396 Egan, Daniel 228, 237 European Convention for Human Egypt 21, 61, 97, 213, 386, 424 Rights 199 Elbra, Ainsley 10 European Convention on the Electronic Frontier Foundation 318 Elias, Norbert 349 Recognition of the Legal Eliasson, Jan 82–5, 91 Personality of INGOs 48 Elliott, Chris 334–5 European Court of Human Rights 50 Elsenhans, Hartmut 10 European Court of Justice 10, 48 Enlightenment 36 European Economic and Social Enron 227 Committee 398 entrepreneurs 41, 158, 373 European Economic Community 398 Environment and Development Action European Environment Bureau 188, in the Third World 25 233, 393, 444 Environment Liaison Centre European Federation of Agriculture International 25 187 environmental NGOs 2–4, 49, 141, European Federation of National 182, 218–37, 258–76, 334, 336, Organisations Working with the 382, 394, 440. See also climate Homeless 396 politics; individual organisations European Network Against Racism Environmental Protection Agency 226 396 environmentalism 24–5, 74, 99, 103, European Network of National 115–16, 118–19, 123, 138, Associations 398 182–3, 187, 281, 293, 297, 320, European Network on Debt and 331, 368, 373, 379–80, 385–6, Development 183 393, 406, 443–4 European Parliament 48, 393, 395–8 Erdogan, Recep Tayyip 92 European Renewable Energy Council Erwin, Jamison 334 224 Esman, M. 100 European Union 48, 76–7, 118, 121, 61 188, 231, 233–4, 237, 245, 251, EU Charter of Fundamental Rights 254, 261, 275, 344, 351, 199 391–401, 436, 446 EU Transparency Register 118, 121, European Women’s Lobby 397, 400 123, 391, 395 396 European Anti-Poverty Network Exxon 268 399–400 European Burden Sharing Agreement Facebook 124, 196, 204 233 Fair Tax Mark 248, 252–3 European Citizens’ Action Service Fair Trade 296, 328–9, 337 392 Fairtrade Labelling Organizations 329

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faith-based organisations 98–9, 104, 272–5, 332–4, 338, 392, 396–7, 153–4, 165, 404, 407–12, 443–4 416–17. See also ; Friends World Committee for religious NGOs Consultation 67 fake news 28 FSC-Watch 332, 340 Falkner, R. 236 funding 28, 171, 209, 260, 270, Fassin, Didier 419–20 352–3, 357, 359, 365, 381, 385, Federation of Atomic Sciences 24 396–7, 440, 444 Feener, R. Michael 417 feminism 25, 48–9, 132, 136–7, 140, Gabon 338 143, 267. See also gender Gale, Fred 325 equality; women’s rights Gardiner, David 226 Fetscher, Caroline 334 Garvey, Marcus 20 FIFA 19, 315 gender equality 131–46, 182, 247 Finance Watch 396 General Agreement on Tariffs and financial crisis of 2008 27, 240–46, Trade 7, 445 254 General Arab Women’s Federation 22 Finger, M. 268, 276 Generalised System of Preferences 338 448 Flora and Fauna International 19 Geneva Convention 40, 90 FOLA 20 genocide 86, 310–11, 350 food security 264, 272 German-watch 443 Ford 227 21–2, 38–9, 120–21, 153, Ford Foundation 67, 115 157, 183, 190, 206–7, 224, Forest Stewardship Council 326, 232–3, 269, 330, 336–7, 345, 329–41 381, 443, 451 ForUM 443 Gillespie, A. 437 forum shopping 433–8, 448–9, 452 Global Accountability Report 313–14 Foundation of International Global Alliance for Tax Justice 248–9 Environmental Law and Global Campaign for Climate Action Development 229 261 Foundation of the Peoples of the Global Campaign for Women’s South Pacific 334 Human Rights 26 Fountain, Philip 11, 414–15 Fowler, A. 100 Global Civil Society 259 37–8, 102, 121, 190, 269, Global Climate Coalition 225, 227, 343–66, 443, 447, 451 229, 231–2, 236 Franciscans International 68 global economic policy institutions free trade 40–41, 292 180–91. See also individual Freedom House 103 institutions Freemasons 16 Global Environmental Institute 380 free-riding 281–2 Global Fund to Fight Aids, Friedman, Elisabeth 141–2 Tuberculosis and Malaria 90 Friedrich Ebert Foundation 207, global governance organizations 212–13 303–10, 313–15, 318, 320. See Friends of the Earth 115–16, 185–6, also individual organisations 217, 233, 258, 260–62, 270, Global Governance Watch 206

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global North 4, 10–11, 28, 60, 138, Haas, Peter 223 154, 171, 199–200, 209, 217, Hadden, Jennifer 122 229–30, 258–9, 262–3, 265–6, Hague Appeal for Peace 143 268–9, 271–4, 288, 295, 335, Hague Peace Conference 40 444. See also North–South Hamas 414 divide Handicap International 344–8, 351, Global Policy Forum 78 355–6, 359–62, 364 Global Reporting Initiative 27 Hansen, James 221 global South 4, 9, 28, 60, 138, 141, Hansen, K.N. 437 151, 154, 164–9, 171–2, 199, Hare, Bill 223–4 Harmful Tax Competition 244 217, 231, 233, 259, 262–6, Harrison, G. 267 269–72, 274, 288, 292, 297, 335, Hawkes, Amber 306 352, 443–4, 446. See also Hawkesworth, Mary 132 North–South divide Haynes, Jeffrey 415 Global Terrorism Database 120 45, 200–201, 208, 212, 368, global warming. See climate change 421 Global Watch 199 Heinrich Böll Foundation 207 globalisation 26, 140, 172, 183, 189, Helms, Jesse 6, 441 261, 280, 286, 306, 327, 343, Helsinki Watch 197 364–5, 392 Hezbollah 414 Godwin, M.L. 435 High-Level Meeting 82–3 Golden Key 380–82 HIV/AIDS 82–5, 91, 364, 382, 385–6, Gorbachev, Mikhail 26 410, 447 Gore, Al 221, 226–8, 231 Hobbes, Thomas 36–7 Gough, C. 219, 225 Hoffman, Matthew J. 141 Govcom.org Foundation 117 Hofmann, Jeanette 316 government-organised NGOs 3, Holkeri, Harri 79 99–100, 232, 368, 372, 378, 387 Hopgood, Stephen 203–4, 424–5 Grameen Bank 159 Hsu, Carolyn 11 Great Depression 22 Huang, Julia 423–4 Green Beagle 379 human rights 3, 7, 21, 23–4, 26–7, 47, 49, 59, 78–9, 81, 87, 91–2, 103, Green Belt Movement 266–7 105–6, 109, 115–16, 118–19, Green Institute Limited 2–3, 219 138, 142, 169–70, 182, 196–214, Greenpeace 8, 24, 103, 116, 187, 217, 281, 293, 297, 359, 394, 441, 222–4, 232–4, 236, 258, 260, 443, 445–6 262–3, 265, 269–70, 287, 290, Human Rights Council 78–9 334, 338–40, 392, 396, 444, Human Rights Watch 103, 116, 196, 450–51 199, 203, 206, 209–11 Greenwood, Justin 11 Human Rights Without Frontiers 106 gross domestic product 152 human trafficking 19, 21 Group of 8 183, 251 Humanitarian Accountability Project Group of 10 394, 400 310–11 Group of 77 77, 217–18, 231, 446 Humanitarian Forum 411 Group of 90 186 humanitarian NGOs 17–18, 20–22, Guha, R. 266 27, 45, 89, 343–66. See also 4–5 individual organisations

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humanitarianism 18, 25, 40, 91, 102, International Alliance of Women 119, 369, 406, 418–19, 422–3 132–3 International Association of 61, 153, 158–9, 162–5, 185, Academies 20 199, 206, 235–6, 258–9, 311, International Association of Consumer 386, 443, 446 Food Organizations 289 indigenous peoples 337 International Association of Crafts and 5, 338 Small and Medium-Sized Institute for Sustainable Forestry 337 Enterprises 187 intellectual property 42, 190, 447 International Association of Insurance Supervisors 187 Inter-Allied Federation of International Association for Labour Ex-Servicemen 22 Legislation 46 Inter-American Commission on International Baby Food Action Human Rights 50 Network 25 Inter-American Commission on International Bank for Reconstruction Women 133–4 and Development 181 Inter-American Council for Human International Bureau of Abstaining Rights 199 Students 19 Inter-American Development Bank 6, International Campaign to Ban 441 Landmines 26, 356 Intercontinental Encounter for International Center for Not-for-Profit Humanity and against Law 119 Neoliberalism 26 International Centre for Settlement of interest groups 1, 207, 234, 280, 295, Investment Disputes 181 309, 343, 352–5, 391–2 International Chamber of Commerce intergovernmental organisations 1, 5, 3, 45, 90 7, 10, 16, 29, 56, 58–60, 90, International Code of Marketing of 117, 119, 218, 233, 437–8, 440, Breast-milk Substitutes 25 444. See also individual International Commission of Jurists organisations 199 creation of 41–2 International Committee of the Red Cross 40, 45, 59, 88, 116, 205, NGOs in history of 35–53 325, 344–5, 360, 365, 425 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate International Competition Network Change 219–25, 230 436 International Accounting Standards International Confederation of Free 253 Trade Unions 2, 23, 445 International Accreditation Forum 328 International Conference of the Red International Action of Activists 21–2 Cross 59 International Agreement for the International Conference on Suppression of the White Slave and Development Traffic 19 137, 140 International Air Transport International Congress of Women Association 317 132–3 International Alert 143 International Consortium of International Alliance of Patients’ Investigative Journalists 251 Organizations 289 International Consultative Group 22

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Index 465

International Consumer Research & International Federation of Red Cross Testing 295 and Red Crescent Societies 1, International Convention for the 18, 20, 25, 89, 199, 351 Prevention of Pollution from International Federation of Trade Ships 451 Unions 307 International Convention for the International Federation of Women Protection of All Persons from 133 Enforced Disappearances 209–10 International Finance Corporation International Convention on the 181–2 Protection of the Rights of All international financial institutions 7, 180–85, 189, 191. See also Migrant Workers and Members individual institutions of Their Families 210 International Financial Reporting International Co-operative Alliance 2 Standards 253 International Council for Science 59 International Forest Monitoring International Council of Voluntary Agency 333 Agencies 351 International Humanitarian International Council of Women 18, Fact-Finding Commission 90 22 International Institute for Environment International Court of Justice 49–50 and Development 187 International Covenant on Civil and International Institute for Intellectual Political Rights 198 Cooperation 45 International Criminal Court 144, 210 International Institute of Sociology 19 International Criminal Police International Labour Organization 1, Organization 89 20, 45–6, 48, 59, 76, 306–7, International Development Association 448–9 181 International Law Commission 206 International Electrotechnical International Lesbian and Gay Commission 19 Association 135 International Energy Agency 235 International Literary and Artistic International Entente Against the Association 19 Third International 21 International Maritime Organization International Federation for World 450–51 Peace 68–9 International Migrants Alliance 86 International Federation of International Monetary Fund 7, 76–7, Agricultural Producers 187 180–84, 295, 303, 308, 314, 350, International Federation of Christian 439 Trade Unions 67 International NGO Accountability International Federation of Free Charter 27, 304, 311 Journalists 23 International NGO Charter of International Federation of Human Accountability 311 Rights 21, 199 international NGOs 1–3, 35–6, 42–8, International Federation of League of 50–51, 56, 58–61, 64, 70, 89–90, Nations Societies 22 99–100, 104, 115–18, 120–24, International Federation of National 165, 198, 244, 249–50, 262, 269, Standardizing Associations 327 272, 275–6, 304–5, 309, 355, International Federation of Organic 396. See also individual Agriculture Movements 329, 337 organisations

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creation of 38–41 International Union of Ethical and women’s NGOs 134–7 Societies 20 International Olympic Committee 18, International Union of Police 90 Federations 59 International Organisation of International Whaling Commission 6, Consumers Unions 285. See also 434, 437, 440–42, 447 Consumers International International Women’s League of international organisations, types of Peace and Freedom 132–3, 143 hybrids 58–60, 89–90, 119, 262 International Women’s Tribune Centre IFIs 7, 180–85, 189, 191 25 IGOs 1, 5, 7, 10, 16, 29, 56, 58–60, International Workingmen’s 90, 117, 119, 218, 233, 437–8, Association 18 440, 444 INGOs 1–3, 35–6, 42–8, 50–51, 56, Internet 78, 91, 138, 160, 206, 211, 58–61, 64, 70, 89–90, 99–100, 303, 315–20, 383–4. See also 104, 115–18, 120–24, 165, social media 198, 244, 249–50, 262, 269, Internet Assigned Numbers Authority 272, 275–6, 304–5, 309, 355, 315–17, 319 396 Internet Corporation for Assigned International Organization for Names and Numbers 305, Standardization 295, 327–9 315–21 International Organization of Internet Engineering Task Force 316 Journalists 23 Internet Governance Forum 316 International Peace Bureau 18 Internet Protocol 315 International Planned Parenthood Inter-Parliamentary Union 90 Federation 24, 59 Iran 408 International Publishers Association 86 18 Ireland 116, 120–21, 243 International Rescue Committee 22 Irish Congress of Trade Unions 101 International Rivers 5, 434, 440–41 Iriye, A. 35 International Secretariat of National Islam 5, 16, 21, 140–41, 413–14, Trade Union Centres 19 420–22, 424 International Social and Islamic Relief 411, 421 Environmental Accreditation and Israel 116, 206, 451 Labelling Alliance 329–30, 337 IssueCrawler 117–18 International Suffrage Alliance 132 21–2, 273–4, 450 International Trade Union Confederation 445. See also Jacanamijoy, Segundo 334 International Confederation of Jalili, R. 98 Free Trade Unions 20, 144 International Tribunal for the Law of James, J. 99 the Sea 50 James M. Goldsmith Foundation 233 International Tropical Timber Japan 42, 183, 190, 269, 345, 352, Organization 332 442 International Union against Japanese Society of International Law Vivisection 20 19 International Union for the Jennings, M. 99 Conservation of Nature 89 Jin Jiaman 380

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Joachim, Jutta 10 Laurent, Philippe 348 Johns Hopkins Center for Civil League of Nations 1, 20–23, 36, Society Studies 119, 123 44–6, 50, 53, 134–5, 306 Johnson, T. 51 Committee on the Status of Women Joint Accreditation System- 135 New Zealand 328 least developed countries 82–3, 181 Jones, Ben 409, 435 Lebanon 106 journalists 39, 136, 138, 223, 369, Lecy, Jesse 122 375, 378 Lederach, John Paul 208 Jubilee + 183 Lee, Julian 311 Jubilee 2000 183, 406–7 Lemaresquier, T. 101 Juul Petersen, Marie 409 Lennon, John 86 Leroy Gabon 338 Kalegaonkar, A. 103 level of operation 104 Kamat, Sangeeta 170 Levy, David L. 228, 237 Kang Yuanyou 381–2 Lewis, D. 96–7 Kant, Immanuel 38, 309 LGBTQ organisations 382, 398 Keane, John 200–201 Libanio, Joe 334 Keck, Margaret E. 39, 201 Liberia 4–5, 350, 361 Kellow, Aynsley 4, 10–11 Life Makers 424 21, 160, 266–7 lifeboat ethics 4 Keohane, Robert O. 58 Lindblom, Charles E. 228 Keough, Lucy 415 Lipsky, Michael 9 Khaled, Amr 424 Lithuania 443 Kikuyu Central Association 21 Living Oceans 340 Klein, Naomi 235 Lloyds List 450 Klein, Richard 223–4 Locke, John 37 Knights Hospitaller 16 Lombardo, Emanuela 145 Kohl, Helmut 233 Dumping Convention 451 Konrad Adenauer Foundation 207, Loraas, Kim 338 213 Lucas, Alison 334 Koppell, Jonathan 312 Lutheran World Foundation 68, 351 163 Korten, D. 100 348 Kosovo 210–11, 354, 358 Lykketoft, Mogens 87 Kouchner, Bernard 364 Krejci, D.T. 437 Maathai, Wangari 266–7 Kwisthout, Hubert 333 MacShane, Denis 23 Kyoto Protocol 217–19, 221–2, 269 224–8, 230, 232–3, 236 Mahon, Karen 334 25 La Via Campesina 264–5 Malhuret, Claude 348 Lachowski, Zdzislaw 436–7 Malta 451 Laframboise, Donna 223–4 Mandaville, Peter 422 Lang, Chris 338–9 Mansanto 268 Latin American Scientific Congresses Mansbach, Richard W. 58 19 Mao Zedong 369–70, 373, 376

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Marine Stewardship Council 329–31, multi-level/arena governance 433–52 340–41 multinational corporations 240, 243–4, Marshall, Katherine 411, 415 246–7, 249, 252–3, 286, 327, Marshall Plan 186 339, 365 Martens, Kerstin 10 Murdie, Amanda 117–19, 122 Martinez-Alier, J. 266 Murphy, H. 436 Marxism 164, 264–5, 271 Murphy, Richard 252 Mary Robinson Foundation 206 Murphy-Gregory, Hannah 6, 10–11 Maslow’s hierarchy of needs 263 Muslim Brotherhood 21, 165, 411, Mazzini, Giuseppe 19 414, 421–2 McAdam, Doug 348 Muthoo, Maharaj 331 McDuie-Ra, Duncan 408 Myanmar Women’s Affairs Federation Médecins du Monde 344–9, 352, 354–6, 359, 361–4 99 Médecins Sans Frontières 25, 185, 344–8, 350–64 Naim, M. 99 media 138, 189, 229, 246, 254, 375 144 Meinshausen, Malte 224 Nansen, Fridtjof 45 mercantilism 41 Napoleonic Wars 38 Meunier, Sophie 437, 449 Narayan, Deepa 406 136, 330 Nashi 99 Meyer-Bisch, P. 437 National Association for the Michels, Robert 157 Advancement of Colored People microcredit 151, 159, 161 105 middle classes 162–6 National Center for Charitable migration 21, 82–3, 85–6, 163, 198, Statistics 116 200 National Consumer Coalition 236 Mihr, Anja 10 National League of Women Voters Millennium Development Goals 262, 133 410 National Resources Defense Council Millennium Forum 79 226 Millennium Summit 78 National Survey of Nonprofit and Miller, L.L. 435 Voluntary Organizations 118 Mobil Oil 268 National Telecommunications and Montreaux Initiative 411 Information Administration 316, Moonies 68–9 319 moral panics 377–80 National Wildlife Federation 268 Morgan, Jennifer 224 National Women’s Party 133 Moss, Richard 224 Nationally Determined Contributions Mossack Fonseca 251 236 Moyer, Jonathan 117 Nelson, Paul 440–41 Moyn, Samuel 203–4, 207 neoclassical economics 163–4 Multilateral Agreement on Investment neoliberalism 26, 170–71, 183, 241, 187–90, 442, 447 244, 255, 275, 327, 424 Multilateral Investment Guarantee neo-Malthusianism 4 Agency 181 Nestlé 25 multilateral system 36, 38–43, 50, 53, Netherlands 86, 121, 136–7, 330, 348, 250 357–9, 443–4, 450

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Index 469

Network for Development 27 North Atlantic Treaty Organization 59, New Cultural-Identarian Political 235, 358 Movements 165–7, 169 North–South divide 136–7, 265 New Deal 186 354, 443, 445, 451 New Zealand 19, 116, 345 not-for-profit 98–9 NGO Monitor 206 nuclear arms 24, 26 NGO Working Group on Women, nuclear energy 234 Peace and Security 143 Nunnenkamp, Peter 120 NGOs, classification of 3, 7–8, 59, Nye, Joseph S. 58 95–109 NGOs, definition of 1–2, 15, 57–8, Oak Foundation 233 96–100, 150, 259–63, 325–6, Obama, Barack 228, 232 345, 391–2 O’Brien, R. 439 NGOs, historical development of Occupy 28, 241, 244–5, 249–50, 15–29 254–5 NGOs, professionalisation of 102, OECD Watch 442–4 123, 137–42, 209, 260, 355, 424 Office for European Cooperation 186 NGOs, quantifying 114–24 Official Development Assistance NGOs, types of 152–3 development 3, 25, 150–72, 182, Official Document System 78 259 Öhler, H. 120 donor-organised 100 Olson, Mancur 281 environmental 2–4, 49, 141, 182, Open Society Foundation 397 218–37, 258–76, 334, 336, Open Society Institute 203, 213 382, 394, 440 Oppenheimer, Michael 224 government-organised 3, 99–100, Optical Disc System 78–9 232, 368, 372, 378, 387 Organisation for Economic humanitarian 17–18, 20–22, 27, 45, Co-operation and Development 89, 343–66 7–8, 97–8, 180, 186–90, 242, international 1–3, 35–6, 42–8, 244, 246, 254, 291, 294–5, 50–51, 56, 58–61, 64, 70, 436–7, 440, 442–4, 447 89–90, 99–100, 104, 115–18, Organización Nacional Indigena de 120–24, 165, 198, 244, Colombia 335 249–50, 262, 269, 272, 275–6, Organization of American States 49, 304–5, 309, 355, 396 88 quasi-autonomous 99 Organization of the Petroleum religious 16–17, 67–9, 196, 404–26 Exporting Countries 230 tax justice 240–55 Overseas Development Administration women’s 132–43, 196 333 NGOWatch 206 Oxfam International 22, 24, 46, 102, 272 122, 185, 196, 206, 241, 244–51, Nightingale, Florence 40 253, 345, 351, 385, 411 non-governmental development Oxford Forestry Institute 333 organisations. See development NGOs Pachauri, Rajendra 224 non-profit organizations 97–8 Pacific Certification Council 337 non-state actors 1, 204 209

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470 Handbook of research on NGOs

Palestine Liberation Organization 88 Princen, T. 276 Palm d’Aelders, Etta 17 private governance/certification 10, Pampell Conaway, Camille 145 241–2, 251–5, 325–41 Pan-African Green Network 267 private sector 3, 81, 83–4, 86, 92–3, Panama 6, 442 107, 109, 259, 289, 316 Panama Papers 251 private voluntary agencies 97 Pardee Centre for International private voluntary organizations 97 Futures 117 professionalisation. See NGOs, Agreement 219, 228, 232, 236 professionalisation of Parliamentary Assembly of the Profintern 21 Mediterranean 90 Programme for the Endorsement of Partners in Health 102 Forest Certification 326 paternalism 369–71 peace/peacekeeping 40–41, 92, 116, Project Hope 378–82 144 Proletarian Freethinkers 21 Pearman, Graeme 223 Prussia 41 Pennsylvania Society for Promoting public goods 305, 314, 406, 412, 425 the Abolition of Slavery 17 Public International Unions 41–2, 44, People in Aid 311 50, 53 People’s Millennium Assembly 78 public–private partnerships 201 Perl, Matt 334 Publish What You Pay 253–4 Permanent Court of Arbitration 40 Pugwash Conferences on Science and Permanent Court of International World Affairs 24 Justice 45 Putnam, R.D. 227 Permanent Forum of Civil Society 392 QQ 384 Permanent International Conference of Quakers 67, 419 Private Organisations for the Quantock, Rod 219 Protection of Migrants 21 quasi-autonomous NGOs 99 6, 8, 441, 451 Pesticide Action Network 25 Rainforest Action Network 334, 338 Petersen, Marie Juul 11, 421 Rainforest Alliance 333 Pfeffer, Paula F. 133 Rainforest Foundation 338–40 pharmaceutical industry 185, 289 Rajchman, Ludwik 45 259, 263 RAND 120 Piewitt, M. 314 Raustiala, K. 51, 217, 219–21, 228–9, Piot, Peter 83 235, 237 Pomerance, Rafe 221, 225–6, 232 Reagan, Ronald 26, 327 419 Red Cross. See International Postel, Jon 316 Federation of Red Cross and Red Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Crescent Societies Research 224 Red Cross Society of China 372 poverty 158, 161, 165, 172, 244, 247, Red Sports Council 21 250, 262, 266, 370, 373, 380–81, Redeker, Dennis 10 383, 398, 409, 412, 418 Rees, John A. 408 Pralle, Sarah 435, 449 refugees 4–5, 85–6, 198, 271, 358 Price, Stephen 334 Registrar Accreditation Board 328 Princen, S. 437 Reinalda, Bob 1, 10

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Index 471

Reitan, Ruth 262 Salter, James 45 Relief of Free Negroes Unlawfully Saudi Arabia 222, 421 Held in Bondage 17 Save the Children 4–5, 20–21, 345, religion 5, 17, 32, 39–40, 67–9, 72, 351 92–3, 99, 140–41, 196–7, 370, Schmitz, Hans Peter 204 404–26 Schroedel, J.R. 435 religious NGOs 16–17, 67–9, 196, Schulz, William 203 404–26 SeaChoice 340 Religious Society of Friends. See security 59, 81, 143, 145, 200, 208–9, Quakers 212, 262, 375, 386 Sen, Amartya 102, 108 renewable energy 234, 236, 274 6, 442 rent-seeking 158, 169, 172 SGS 338 reproductive rights 136, 140–41 Shackley, S. 219, 225 research and development 380 Shell 227 Resolute Forest Management 338 Shell Foundation 212 Rettet de Regenwald 334, 338 Shepherd, Laura 144–5 Rio Earth Summit 4, 26, 70–72, 74, Shipwreck Society 18 82 Shoemaker, Jolynn 145 Risse, Thomas 201 Shue, Henry 234, 439 Robinson, Robert 406 Sider, R. 99 Rockefeller Foundation 45, 67, 381 Sierra Club 115, 235, 258 Rogue Institute for Ecology and 4–5 Economy 337 Sikkink, Kathryn 39, 201 Romania 275, 443 Siméant-Germanos, Johanna 10 Rome Statute of the International Singer, Amy 420–21 Criminal Court 26 Singer, J.D. 43 Ron, James 344 Skype 384 Ronit, Karsten 10, 438–9 slacktivism 8 Ronsucro 329 slavery 1, 17, 39–40 Roosevelt, Eleanor 134 Slovakia 443 Rootes, C. 262, 270 Smythe, Elisabeth 436 Rosenau, James 58, 315 Snidal, Duncan 119 Rosenberg, Per 334 social contract 37 Round Table for Responsible Soy 329 social justice 23, 119, 122, 172, 182, Roundtable on Sustainable Palm Oil 185, 188, 254, 261–2, 264, 267, 329, 337 320 Rousseau, Jean-Jacques 37–8 social media 28, 124, 196, 383–4 Royal Society of London 16 social movement organisations 98 Rupp, Leila 132–3 social networks 58, 60, 73, 96, 204, 61, 64, 206, 213, 235, 276, 369–70, 383–4 316, 338, 386, 437 Social Platform 394, 400 Ruyssen, Théodore 22 Socialist International 361 143, 213, 310–11, 350, 358 Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge 16 Sadik, Nafis 140 Society of Female Friends of Truth 17 Salamon, L. 97, 100, 313 27 Salemink, Oscar 409, 414 Somos Más 104

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South Africa 25, 104, 185, 272 163 South African Treatment Action Tallberg, J. 35–6, 51–3 Campaign 83 Tarrow, Sidney 348 South and East African Trade Institute Tata Energy Research Institute 229 185–6 Tax Justice Network 241, 244–53 Sovereign Military Order of Malta 89 tax justice NGOs 240–55 Soviet Union 48 taxation 116, 118, 122, 240–55 Spain 22, 65, 348, 419, 451 tax-exempt status 97 Sphere Project 205 Taylor, Verta 133 273 Tenants’ League 21 ter Haar, Gerrie 411 St Lucia 6, 442 terrorism 81, 115, 120, 204, 408, 411, Stamatov, Peter 419 413–14, 451 standards 326–31, 336–7, 340, 445, Texaco 227 447 338 Standards Australia 327 Thatcher, Margaret 327 Standards Council of Canada 328 The Nature Conservancy 268–9 START 120 Theosophical Society 19 Steering Committee for Humanitarian think tanks 2, 23, 66, 92–3, 375, 416 Response 351 Third World Network 25, 185–6, 446 Steffek, J. 51, 53 Third Worldism 344 Stevens, Doris 134 Thomas, George M. 35, 91 Stienstra, Deborah 134 Thompson, Karen Brown 140 Stockholm Conference 4 Thomson, Peter 87 Stoecker, R. 103 Tibet 439, 441 Strong, Maurice 4, 218 TNA Project 121 209 Tomlinson, B. 105 suffrage 1, 19, 132–3 torture 198 Sullivan, Francis 333–4 Trade Union Advisory Council 186–7 Sun Myung Moon 69 trade unions 23, 32, 46, 98, 101, 150, superiority claim 156–8 315, 398, 400, 445, 447 Survival International 24 Trade-Related Intellectual Property Agreement 185, 447–9 sustainability standard organisation Transaccess/Transdemos 121 331–2, 337, 340–41 Transatlantic Trade and Investment sustainable development 4, 67, 81–2, Partnership 303, 400 86–7, 91, 163, 168, 262, 335, Transition Institute 375 413, 443 Trans-Pacific Partnership 303 Sustainable Development Goals 168, transparency 27, 108, 142, 199, 205, 207, 212–13 247–8, 306, 309, 313–14, 317, 49, 89, 120, 354, 443 394–5, 424, 443 Sweeney, John 445 Transparency International 196, 206, Swiss Agency for Development 211, 290, 311, 392, 396 Co-operation 410 Tropical Action Forestry Program 332 Switzerland 40, 88, 121, 269, 327, Trump, Donald 15, 28–9, 228, 232 354, 443 61, 92, 450–51 Syamsuddin, Din 5 Twitter 124 Synnott, Tim 331–5 423–4

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Index 473

Uighur people 439 UN Global Compact 207–8, 311 UK Uncut 241, 244–5, 249–50, 254–5 UN Human Rights Council 50 UN African Charter 207 UN Population Fund 410 UN Charter 1–2, 9–10, 15, 23, 47, 62, UN Refugee Agency 4–5 310 UN Relief and Rehabilitation UN Commission on Human Rights Administration 46 78–9, 134 UN Security Council 49–50, 143–5 UN Commission on Sustainable UN Summit on Sustainable Development 4, 70, 218 Development 272 UN Commission on the Status of UN World Conference on Human Women 74 Rights 26, 137, 202 UN Committee on the Status of UN World Conference on Women Women 135 UN Conference on Environment and 135, 137, 141, 373, 385 Development 137, 217, 332–3 UNAIDS 83, 410 UN Conference on Trade and Underdal, Arild 10, 219 Development 242, 294, 436 Unification Church. See Moonies UN Convention for the Rights of Union of International Associations Persons with Disabilities 210 19, 42, 115–16, 118, 120–21, UN Convention on the Elimination of 123–4, 305, 345 All Forms of Discrimination Union of Nationalities 19–20 Against Women 209 Union of War Veterans 21 UN Convention on the Rights of 352 Persons with Disabilities 197 6, 28, 37–40, 44, 46, UN Convention to Combat 65, 102, 116, 120–21, 132, 218, Desertification 105 233, 241, 247, 250, 252–4, 275, UN Department of Public Information 327, 330, 333, 337, 345, 410, 307 442–3 UN Development Programme 168 system 1, 3–4, 7–9, UN Economic and Social Council. 21, 26, 36, 47–53, 56–9, 70, See ECOSOC 77–8, 91–2, 118, 120–21, 123, UN Educational, Scientific and 134, 137–44, 146, 152, 180, 188, Cultural Organization 48, 75, 196, 198, 200, 203, 207, 211–13, 437 218, 228, 261, 294, 303, 310–11, UN Environment Policy 267 319, 351, 406, 410, 416 UN Food and Agriculture 5–6, 15, 23, 28, 37, 40, Organization 51, 76, 296, 331, 44, 47, 64–5, 67, 76–7, 97, 103, 437 107, 116–17, 121, 123, 132–3, UN Foundation 70 136, 140, 181, 183, 185–6, UN Framework Convention on 189–90, 218–19, 221–8, 231–2, Climate Change 2, 8, 217, 237, 241, 243–5, 250, 315–16, 229–30, 236–7 318–19, 327–8, 333, 337, 345, UN General Assembly 2, 4, 50, 57, 352, 354, 358, 365, 381, 408–10, 59, 93, 143, 218 419, 434–5, 440–42, 445–8, 451 access for NGOs to 76–91 Universal Confederation of the NGO hearings 80–85, 92 Friends of Truth 17 NGOs as observers 2, 57, 60, Universal Declaration of Human 88–91 Rights 49, 197–8

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Universal Negro Improvement Wilson, Bryan 408 Association 20 Winslow, Mary 134 Universal Periodic Review 210 Wirth, Tim 221, 225, 227, 232 Universality of Rome 21–2 Wittfogel, Karl August 159 Unruh, H.R. 99 Wolch, J. 100 UN-WebTV 87 Wolfensohn, James 409 Uphoff, M. 100 women 1, 19, 40, 47, 91, 106–8, 151, Urban Institute 116 167, 198, 206, 208, 264, 266–7, Urgent Action Working Group 375 368, 373. See also feminism; Uruguay 332 gender equality US Agency for International Women’s Caucus for Gender Justice Development 97, 269, 354 143 US Office of Naval Intelligence 450 Women’s Commission for Refugee Ussach, Ivan 333 Women and Children 143 Women’s Federation 372 Vabulas, Felicity 48, 119 Women’s Federation for World Peace vaccination 37, 103 International 68–9 Vakil, Anna 3, 7, 10, 95, 103 Women’s International Democratic van Eerdewijk, Anouka 145 Federation 23 Vienna Declaration 202, 212 Women’s International League for 163, 165 Peace and Freedom 20 VJoin 384 women’s NGOs 132–43, 196. See Volcker shock 158 also individual organisations Voluntary Organisations in women’s rights 7, 23, 26, 134, Cooperation in Emergencies 351 140–42, 267–8. See also feminism; gender equality Walker, R.B. 232 Woods, Ngaire 183, 440 Wallace, M. 43 Woodworkers Alliance for Rainforest Wapner, P. 49 Protection 333 War on Terror 411 Workers’ International Relief 21 Warnecke, Hannes 10 World Alliance of Young Men’s Washington Consensus 183 Christian Associations 18 Wayback Machine 121–2 World Assembly of Youth 23 Weaver, Andrew J. 224 World Association of NGOs 68 web scraping 121–3 World Bank 5–8, 61–2, 76–7, 86, 98, Weber, Max 41, 365 152, 157, 163, 180–84, 190, 235, Weinstein, Jeremy 119 269, 295, 303, 308, 350, 406, Wellner, Pam 334 409, 411, 434, 439–42, 447 Westphalian system 36–8, 41 World Business Council on Whetton, Penny 223 Sustainable Development 328 whistle-blowers 196, 214, 251 World Commission on Dams 5 White, L.C. 35, 46 World Conservation Strategy 328 White House Climate Change Task World Conservation Union 187 Force 226 World Council of Churches 351 Whitworth, Sandra 145 World Court Project 50 Wildlife Conservation Society 269 World Faiths Development Dialogue Willetts, Peter 1–3, 10, 58, 209 411

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Index 475

World Federation of Democratic 268–9, 276, 332–5, 338, 392, Youth 23 394, 444 World Federation of Trade Unions 2, World Women’s Christian Temperance 23, 48, 62 Union 19 World Fellowship of Buddhists 68 World Women’s Party 133–4 World Health Organization 50, 76, 296, 410, 447–8 Xi Jinping 375 World Heritage 8, 451 Xie, L. 259 World League for Protection of Xu, Peter 380–82 Animals 18 Xu Yongguang 377–9 World Meteorological Organization 222 Yacoob, Saluhudin 334 World Rainforest Movement 25, 332, Yandle, Bruce 219, 234, 439 334 Yanitsky, O. 276 World Resources Institute 224, 444 Yasiji, M. 104 World Social Forum 26–7, 435 209 World Trade Organization 5, 7–8, Young, Oran 438 180, 184–6, 189–90, 292, 295, Young Communist International 21 315, 434, 436–7, 439–40, 444–9 Young Europe 19–20 World Union of Women for Youth Federation for World Peace 68 International Concord 133 Youth League 377–80 World Vision 345, 405–6 YouTube 196 World War I 20, 22, 143, 345 World War II 21–3, 46, 102, 285, 307, Zapatistas 26 345 Zillman, John 222 World Wide Fund for Nature 217, 61, 97, 103, 422–3 223–4, 236, 258, 260–63, 265, Zimmern, Alfred 21

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