Monitoring the Spatial Impacts of Egnatia Motorway, Jan. 2012 Egnatia Motorway Observatory Monitoring and Assessing the Spatial Impacts of the Motorway

Dr Vassilys Fourkas 30.01.2012 Maps: Manos Troulinos Thessaloniki, GR

1 monitoring the spatial impacts of egnatia motorway, Jan. 2012 egnatia motorway observatory monitoring and assessing the spatial impacts of the motorway

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• mobility and accessibility • balance and networking • economic and social cohesion • environment 2

EGNATIA MOTORWAY OBSERVATORY; EGNATIA ODOS S.A. monitoring the spatial impacts of egnatia motorway, Jan. 2012

• support the integrated management of the motorway • support of regional development policies and spatial planning • information for agencies and citizens • contribute to the harmonized assessment of TENs-T impacts on the territorial cohesion

EGNATIA MOTORWAY OBSERVATORY; EGNATIA ODOS S.A. monitoring the spatial impacts of egnatia motorway, Jan. 2012 contents

• Egnatia as motorway • Egnatia beyond motorway • Spatial (or territorial) impacts – accessibility & mobility – balance & networking – land & environment – cohesion & development • Concluding remarks

EGNATIA MOTORWAY OBSERVATORY; EGNATIA ODOS S.A. monitoring the spatial impacts of egnatia motorway, Jan. 2012

EGNATIA MOTORWAY OBSERVATORY; EGNATIA ODOS S.A. monitoring the spatial impacts of egnatia motorway, Jan. 2012 beyond motorway

• time-distance • accessibility • safety • mobility • transportation • regional • intra-regional

• cross-border Feasibility study: final report, 2003, pp.231-236 • TEN-T transit

• spatial networking, integration and planning

• regional development

National Transport Strategy, 1994 • new development axis National Spatial Planning Framework, 1999 Regional Spatial Planning Frameworks, 1997-2003 10

EGNATIA MOTORWAY OBSERVATORY; EGNATIA ODOS S.A. monitoring the spatial impacts of egnatia motorway, Jan. 2012 beyond motorway

EGNATIA MOTORWAY OBSERVATORY; EGNATIA ODOS S.A. monitoring the spatial impacts of egnatia motorway, Jan. 2012 spatial impacts

accessibility & mobility

The time-distances between cities, terminal stations and transit centres have been on average decreased by 50%.

EGNATIA MOTORWAY OBSERVATORY; EGNATIA ODOS S.A. monitoring the spatial impacts of egnatia motorway, Jan. 2012 spatial impacts

accessibility & mobility

EGNATIA MOTORWAY OBSERVATORY; EGNATIA ODOS S.A. monitoring the spatial impacts of egnatia motorway, Jan. 2012 spatial impacts

accessibility & mobility

EGNATIA MOTORWAY OBSERVATORY; EGNATIA ODOS S.A. monitoring the spatial impacts of egnatia motorway, Jan. 2012 spatial impacts

accessibility & mobility

EGNATIA MOTORWAY OBSERVATORY; EGNATIA ODOS S.A. monitoring the spatial impacts of egnatia motorway, Jan. 2012 spatial impacts

accessibility & mobility

The percentage of people that have access to urban centres within 30 minutes has been increased by 50%.

EGNATIA MOTORWAY OBSERVATORY; EGNATIA ODOS S.A. monitoring the spatial impacts of egnatia motorway, Jan. 2012 spatial impacts

accessibility & mobility

The accidents have been decreased by more than 70% data concerned with the routes served by the Egnatia motorway for the years 2000 and 2010

EGNATIA MOTORWAY OBSERVATORY; EGNATIA ODOS S.A. monitoring the spatial impacts of egnatia motorway, Jan. 2012 spatial impacts

accessibility & mobility

• The traffic volume counts carried out in the last 7 years (2004-2011) prove that the highest traffic volumes are recorded in the central sections of the motorway (Veria – Thessaloniki – Asprovalta) and especially along the sections between the interchanges of Kalochori and Serres (AADT: 27,000 to 62,000), in the outer area of Thessaloniki. • These sections serve both the west-east traffic and a great amount of urban (i.e. trips that have both of their ends within the urban agglomeration of Thessaloniki) and inter-Prefectural trips having Thessaloniki as one of their end (e.g. Thessaloniki-Serres, Thessaloniki-Kavala, etc). It should be pointed out that many of these trips are daily movements, as that they involve commuting. • Heavy vehicles: 15% to 26%. • Person movements: from 9,000 (east and west end sections) to over 110,000 (in the outer-Thessaloniki sections) users per day. • Annual vehicle kilometers: from aprox. 300 millions (west sections) to over 1,6 billions in the sections of Central Macedonia Region.

EGNATIA MOTORWAY OBSERVATORY; EGNATIA ODOS S.A. monitoring the spatial impacts of egnatia motorway, Jan. 2012 spatial impacts

accessibility & mobility

TRAFFIC DATA ALONG SECTIONS OF KOULOURA-KLIDI & NYMFOPETRA-RENTINA-ASPROVALTA

YEAR 2004 YEAR 2005 YEAR 2006 YEAR 2007 YEAR 2008 YEAR 2009 YEAR 2010YEAR 2011 change change MOTORWAY SECTION AADT (veh.) AADT (veh.) 2008-2009 2009-2011 AADT (veh.) AADT (veh.) AADT (veh.) AADT (veh.) AADT (veh.) AADT (veh.) AADT (veh.) AADT (veh.) HGV %

I/C VERIA - I/C KOULOURA 13.000 16.800 18.700 # # # # # - I/C KOULOURA - I/C NISELIO * * * * 19.400 20.600 21.600 19.000 18% 6% -2% I/C NISELIO - I/C KLIDI 13.600 16.900 18.100 # # # # # -

I/C LANGADAS - I/C PROFITIS 10.800 11.600 12.500 13.200 14.400 16.800 # # - 17% I/C PROFITIS - I/C VAIOCHORI * * * 13.500 14.500 16.900 16.700 15.500 14% 17% 7% I/C RENTINA - I/C ASPROVALTA * * * * 14.600 16.000 14.500 13.600 14% 10% -7% I/C ASPROVALTA - I/C STRIMONAS * * * 10.400 13.000 14.600 13.800 12.600 15% 12% -3%

* No traffic count station existed # Non operational Sections examined

SECTION ESTIMATED VEH.KM TRAVELLED IN 2011 I/C KOULOURA - I/C KLIDI 187.245.000 I/C PROFITIS - I/C ASPROVALTA 208.013.500

EGNATIA MOTORWAY OBSERVATORY; EGNATIA ODOS S.A. monitoring the spatial impacts of egnatia motorway, Jan. 2012

EGNATIA MOTORWAY OBSERVATORY; EGNATIA ODOS S.A. monitoring the spatial impacts of egnatia motorway, Jan. 2012 spatial impacts

accessibility & mobility

EGNATIA MOTORWAY OBSERVATORY; EGNATIA ODOS S.A. monitoring the spatial impacts of egnatia motorway, Jan. 2012 spatial impacts

accessibility & mobility

EGNATIA MOTORWAY OBSERVATORY; EGNATIA ODOS S.A. monitoring the spatial impacts of egnatia motorway, Jan. 2012 spatial impacts

accessibility & mobility

ORIGIN-DESTINATION OF COMMERCIAL MOVEMENTS (HEAVY VEHICLES) IN EGNATIA MOTORWAY, 2009

Central and West 43%50% Europe East Europe and Asia 45% 5% 2% 40% SE Europe 12% 35% 28% 30% 25% 21% 20%

15% 8% 10% 5% 0% Greece REGIONAL INTRA-REGIONAL 80%TRANS-BORDER TRANSIT (within Greece) COUNTRIES

EGNATIA MOTORWAY OBSERVATORY; EGNATIA ODOS S.A. monitoring the spatial impacts of egnatia motorway, Jan. 2012 spatial impacts

accessibility & mobility

ORIGIN-DESTINATION OF COMMERCIAL MOVEMENTS IN EGNATIA MOTORWAY, by NUTS 3, 2009

EGNATIA MOTORWAY OBSERVATORY; EGNATIA ODOS S.A. monitoring the spatial impacts of egnatia motorway, Jan. 2012 spatial impacts

accessibility & mobility

CROSS-BORDER MOBILITY, 2009

EGNATIA MOTORWAY OBSERVATORY; EGNATIA ODOS S.A. monitoring the spatial impacts of egnatia motorway, Jan. 2012 spatial impacts

accessibility & mobility

EGNATIA MOTORWAY OBSERVATORY; EGNATIA ODOS S.A. monitoring the spatial impacts of egnatia motorway, Jan. 2012 spatial impacts

balance & networking

EGNATIA MOTORWAY OBSERVATORY; EGNATIA ODOS S.A. monitoring the spatial impacts of egnatia motorway, Jan. 2012 spatial impacts

balance & networking

The changes resulting from the Egnatia Motorway – Vertical Axes system in terms of morphological polycentricity, which is expressed by the size and location of the centres and is, in general, rather difficult to change, are minor and cannot be easily characterized as positive or negative.

EGNATIA MOTORWAY OBSERVATORY; EGNATIA ODOS S.A. monitoring the spatial impacts of egnatia motorway, Jan. 2012 spatial impacts

balance & networking ANNUAL AVERAGE DAILY MOVEMENTS BETWEEN REGIONS, 1993 and 2006 As a percentage Change in the absolute PAIRS OF REGIONS of the total number of movements 1993 2006 1993-2006 Central Macedonia – East Macedonia & Thrace 55.6% 53.0% 148.5%

Central Macedonia – West Macedonia 39.3% 41.8% 176.7% functional polycentricity Central Macedonia - Epirus 4.7% 4.3% 134.5% West Macedonia - Epirus 0.4% 1.0% 544.4% Total 100% 100% 160.5% Primary Source Data: Ministry of Planning and Public Works (1993) and EGNATIA ODOS AE – Traffic Department- Operation and Maintenance Division (2006)

EGNATIA MOTORWAY OBSERVATORY; EGNATIA ODOS S.A. monitoring the spatial impacts of egnatia motorway, Jan. 2012 spatial impacts

balance & networking

Very significant appear to be the impacts of the Egnatia Motorway – Vertical Axes system on the functional polycentricity of the urban centres’ network

EGNATIA MOTORWAY OBSERVATORY; EGNATIA ODOS S.A. monitoring the spatial impacts of egnatia motorway, Jan. 2012 spatial impacts

land & environment

Fragmentation index in the Prefectures crossed by the Egnatia Fragmentation index within a buffer zone of 1Km across the road motorway and 5 vertical axes (Impact Zone II) network of Egnatia motorway and 5 vertical axes (Impact Zone Ι) IndexIndex withoutwithout EgnatiaEgnatia IndexIndex withwith EgnatiaEgnatia Sector Prefecture andand vertical axesaxes andand verticalvertical axesaxes Thesprotia 11,844,54 15,56 4,75 West 18,553,00 23,913,11 Ioannina 23,822,60 30,742,68

Grevena 24,003,79 33,33 3,93

Kozani 17,273,65 18,943,68

Central Imathia 18,574,45 16,924,07 23,434,61 19,684,18

Thessaloniki 12,405,76 13,196,09

Serres 17,213,31 17,473,31

Kavala 15,633,19 22,64 3,42

Xanthi 6,263,09 9,973,25 East 16,743,66 21,343,77 Rodopi 8,923,24 15,023,34 34,39 35,06 Evros 4,55 4,57

Impact ImpactZone I Zone(buffer II 1 km) 17,183,65 21,123,77 Index scale Index Characterization < 0,01 Minimum 0,01 – 0,1 Small 0,1 - 1 Middle 1 - 10 Medium 10 - 100 Strong > 100 Very Strong Model Source: DG AGRI, EUROSTAT, ISPRA, EEA, From Land Cover to Landscape Diversity in the European Union, 32 2000 EGNATIA MOTORWAY OBSERVATORY; EGNATIA ODOS S.A. monitoring the spatial impacts of egnatia motorway, Jan. 2012 spatial impacts

land & environment

The index of settlements fragmentation has been decreased by 140%.

EGNATIA MOTORWAY OBSERVATORY; EGNATIA ODOS S.A. monitoring the spatial impacts of egnatia motorway, Jan. 2012 spatial impacts

land & environment

CORINE land cover 2000, 5 km buffer zone of Egnatia motorway

1,98% 3,71% 0,86%

40,94% 52,51%

1 Urban land 2 Agricultural land 3 Forests and semi-natural areas 4 Wetlands 5 Water bodies

EGNATIA MOTORWAY OBSERVATORY; EGNATIA ODOS S.A. monitoring the spatial impacts of egnatia motorway, Jan. 2012 spatial impacts

land & environment

Kouloura-Kleidi BASIC LAND COVER CATEGORIES CROSSED BY THE EGNATIA MOTORWAY Egnatia Buffer zone 5 km code Land Cover category Area (hectars) Percentage 1 Artificial surfaces 1.739,07 5,01% 2 Agricultural areas 31.165,2935 89,83% 3 Forest and seminatural are 351,08 1,01% 4 Wetlands 589,22 1,70% EGNATIA MOTORWAY OBSERVATORY; EGNATIA ODOS S.A. 5 Water bodies 849,39 2,45% monitoring the spatial impacts of egnatia motorway, Jan. 2012 spatial impacts

balance & networking

Nymfopetra-Asprovalta BASIC LAND COVER CATEGORIES CROSSED BY THE EGNATIA MOTORWAY Egnatia Buffer zone 5 km code Land Cover category Area (hectars) Percentage 1 Artificial surfaces 337,42 1,08% 2 Agricultural areas 8.160,9636 26,09% 3 Forest and seminatural areas 15.812,72 50,56% 4 Wetlands 368,07 1,18% EGNATIA MOTORWAY OBSERVATORY; EGNATIA ODOS S.A. 5 Water bodies 6.598,92 21,10% monitoring the spatial impacts of egnatia motorway, Jan. 2012 spatial impacts

land & environment Land-use: Between the years 1999 and 2009, in the areas around the 17 nodes (interchanges) of Egnatia motorway, nearby urban centres, there has been in average changes like:

- 4% in agricultural land - 3% in natural areas 5% in technical surfaces 23% in linear urban land, 100% in commercial land-use, 76% in mass transport installations and transit centres, 73% in tourist and recreation land-use, 41% in allocated enterprises, and 247% in the market land-value

The highest land-values changes were observed in the interchanges nearby regional medium-size cities like Igoumenitsa, Grevena, Veria, Kavala, Xanthi and Alexandroupoli.

The enterprises located in the same areas have been increased by 41% and corresponds to 908 “new” enterprises and 5.430 “new” jobs, mostly concerned with the tertiary sector. 37

EGNATIA MOTORWAY OBSERVATORY; EGNATIA ODOS S.A. monitoring the spatial impacts of egnatia motorway, Jan. 2012 spatial impacts

cohesion & development

zone of 5 crossed Regions

50% of the Greece’s total area 36% of the Greek population 33% of the country’s total GDP 60% of the country’s total energy production 40% of the country’s exports 35% of the country’s workforce

EGNATIA MOTORWAY OBSERVATORY; EGNATIA ODOS S.A. monitoring the spatial impacts of egnatia motorway, Jan. 2012 spatial impacts

cohesion & development

Zone of 5 regions: 78% of EU27 average Zone of 11 Prefectures: 74% of EU 27 average Greece: 94% of EU27 average

EGNATIA MOTORWAY OBSERVATORY; EGNATIA ODOS S.A. monitoring the spatial impacts of egnatia motorway, Jan. 2012 spatial impacts

cohesion & development

Linear regression between time-distance change and GDP change

60% y = 0,0004x - 0,2316 Ioannina R2 = 0,7064

50% Igoumenitsa

40%

Komotini Alexandroupoli 30% Grevena Xanthi 20% prices(1995-2004) Thessaloniki

Cities tresspased by 10% the Egnatia Motorway Veria y = GDP change of the prefecture in constant in constant prefecture the of change = y GDP Kozani Trendline 0% Kavala 0 500 1.000 1.500 2.000 2.500 x= Reduce of the total time distance from the other cities (min)

EGNATIA MOTORWAY OBSERVATORY; EGNATIA ODOS S.A. monitoring the spatial impacts of egnatia motorway, Jan. 2012 spatial impacts

cohesion & development

EGNATIA MOTORWAY OBSERVATORY; EGNATIA ODOS S.A. monitoring the spatial impacts of egnatia motorway, Jan. 2012 spatial impacts

cohesion & development

Combined analysis of the 14 Lisbon indicators Indicators: Gross Domestic Product Labour Productivity Employment Rate Employment rate of older workers Gross Domestic Expenditure on Research and Development as Share of GDP Youth Education Attainment Level Comparative Price Levels Business Investment At Risk of Poverty Rate Dispersion of Regional Unemployment Rates Long-term Unemployment Rate Total Greenhouse Gas Emissions Energy Intensity of the Economy Volume of freight transport

EGNATIA MOTORWAY OBSERVATORY; EGNATIA ODOS S.A. monitoring the spatial impacts of egnatia motorway, Jan. 2012 concluding remarks

• Egnatia motorway: ¾ main backbone of transport infrastructure • Direct and positive impacts: ¾ traffic properties of the road network ¾ transportation ¾ accessibility ¾ mobility ¾ networking of urban centres ¾ trans-border connectivity ¾ new field for urban and regional planning • Further investigation and monitoring: ¾ spatial organisation and networking ¾ land use and value changes ¾ gateways development ¾ multimodal transport ¾ trans-border spatial and transport planning

• Development axis?.. Yes, but coordination ! 43

EGNATIA MOTORWAY OBSERVATORY; EGNATIA ODOS S.A. monitoring the spatial impacts of egnatia motorway, Jan. 2012

Thank you! http://www.egnatia.gr http://observatory.egnatia.gr

EGNATIA MOTORWAY OBSERVATORY; EGNATIA ODOS S.A.