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Geographia Polonica Vol. 80 No. 2 (2007) : Extreme Meteorological

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Geographia Polonica Vol. 80 No. 2 (2007) : Extreme Meteorological Vol. 80 No. 2 Autumn 2007 GEOGRAPHIA POLONICA EXTREME METEOROLOGICAL AND HYDROLOGICAL EVENTS IN POLAND EDITORS ZBIGNIEW W. KUNDZEWICZ JACEK A. JANIA POLISH ACADEMY OF SCIENCES INSTITUTE OF GEOGRAPHY AND SPATIAL ORGANIZATION WARSZAWA KKsisiąążżkka1.indba1.indb 1 22008-06-26008-06-26 110:54:410:54:41 PUBLISHED by the Institute of Geography and Spatial Organization, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warszawa, Poland. EDITORIAL OFFICE: Twarda 51/55, 00-818 Warszawa, Poland Tel. (48 22) 6978-858, Fax (48 22) 620-62-21. CONTRIBUTIONS and CORRESPONDENCE related to editorial matters should be sent to the Editor: [email protected] COPYRIGHT by the Institute of Geography and Spatial Organization, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warszawa, Poland. SUBSCRIPTION INFORMATION: Geographia Polonica (ISSN 0016-7282) is published twice a year in Spring, and Autumn by the Institute of Geography and Spatial Organization, Polish Academy of Sciences. SUBSCRIPTION ORDERS for Geographia Polonica can be placed with: ARS POLONA, Obrońców 25; 03-933 Warszawa, Poland www.arspolona.com.pl (including single past and current issues) ISSN 0016-7282 INFORMATION ON THE CONTENT (from 1964) and forthcoming issues are available at: www.igipz.pan.pl/wydaw/home.htm GEOGRAPHIA POLONICA IS CURRENTLY ON LINE! from vol. 75 The two latest issues (full text) are available at www.igipz.pan.pl/wydaw/GPonline.htm PREPARED FOR PRINT by Aleksandra Deręgowska Department of Cartography and Geographic Information Systems, Institute of Geography and Spatial Organization, Polish Academy of Sciences, Twarda 51/55, 00-818 Warszawa, Poland PRINT Poligrafia Inspektoratu Towarzystwa Salezjańskiego Konfederacka 6, 30-306 Kraków, Poland KKsisiąążżkka1.indba1.indb 2 22008-06-26008-06-26 110:55:400:55:40 CONTENTS ARTICLES JACEK A. JANIA and ZBIGNIEW W. KUNDZEWICZ—Preface ........................................................ 5 ZBIGNIEW W. KUNDZEWICZ and JACEK A. JANIA—Extreme Hydro-meteorological Events and their Impacts. From the Global down to the Regional Scale .......................................9 TON W. DONKER—Access to and Re-use of Public-sector Environmental Data and Information. Policy Developments with a Focus on the European Hydro-meteoro- logical Scene ...........................................................................................................................25 PIOTR MATCZAK, ROMAN MAŃCZAK, ZBIGNIEW W. KUNDZEWICZ—Estimation of Damage Caused by Extreme Weather Events, with an Emphasis on Floods .................................35 RAJMUND PRZYBYLAK, ZSUZSANNA VÍZI, ANDRZEJ ARAŹNY, MAREK KEJNA, RAFAŁ MASZEWSKI and JOANNA USCKA-KOWALKOWSKA—Poland’s Climate Extremes Index, 1951–2005 ...............................................................................................................................47 JOANNA USCKA-KOWALKOWSKA, RAJMUND PRZYBYLAK, ZSUZSANNA VÍZI, ANDRZEJ ARAŹNY, MAREK KEJNA, RAFAŁ MASZEWSKI—Variability to Global Solar Radiation in Central Europe During the Period 1951–2005 (On the Basis of Data from NCEP/NCAR Reanalysis Project) ..... ........................................................................59 ANDRZEJ ARAŹNY, RAJMUND PRZYBYLAK, ZSUZSANNA VÍZI, MAREK KEJNA, RAFAŁ MASZEWSKI and JOANNA USCKA-KOWALKOWSKA—Mean and Extreme Wind Velocities in Central Europe 1951–2005 (On The Basis of Data from NCEP/NCAR Reanalysis Project) .................................................................................................................69 KKsisiąążżkka1.indba1.indb 3 22008-06-26008-06-26 110:55:400:55:40 ADAM ŁAJCZAK—River Training Vs. Flood Risk in the Upper Vistula Basin, Poland ..........79 DAMIAN ABSALON, STANISŁAW CZAJA and ANDRZEJ T. JANKOWSKI—Factors Influencing Floods in the Urbanized and Industrialized Areas of the Upper Silesia Industrial Region in the 19th and 20th Centuries (the Kłodnica Catchment Case Study) ............................97 KATARZYNA MAROSZ—Studies on Historical Floods in Gdańsk (a Methodological Background) .........................................................................................................................111 EDMUND TOMASZEWSKI—Hydrological Droughts in Central Poland—Temporal and Spatial Patterns.....................................................................................................................117 ANDRZEJ CIEPIELOWSKI, EWA KAZNOWSKA— A Description of Hydrological Droughts in the Białowieża Primeval Forest in the Years 2003—2005 ............................................125 ADAM KOTARBA—Geomorphic Activity of Debris Flows in the Tatra Mts and in other European Mountains ..........................................................................................................137 EWA SMOLSKA—Extreme Rainfalls and their Impact on Slopes—Evaluation Based on Soil Erosion Measurements (As Exemplified by the Suwałki Lakeland, Poland) .......... .......................................................................................................................151 ZBIGNIEW W. KUNDZEWICZ, ROMAN MAŃCZAK, IWONA PIŃSKWAR and MACIEJ RADZIEJEWSKI—Models of Impacts of Hydrometeorological Extremes.......... .............165 HALINA KOWALEWSKA-KALKOWSKA, MAREK KOWALEWSKI and BERNARD WIŚNIEWSKI— Application of Hydrodynamic Model of the Baltic Sea to Storm Surge Representation along the Polish Baltic Coast ...................................................................181 MAŁGORZATA SZWED, DARIUSZ GRACZYK, IWONA PIŃSKWAR and ZBIGNIEW W. KUNDZEWICZ—Projections of Climate Extremes in Poland..... ...................................191 KKsisiąążżkka1.indba1.indb 4 22008-06-26008-06-26 110:55:410:55:41 PREFACE JACEK A. JANIA and ZBIGNIEW W. KUNDZEWICZ The present issue of Geographia Polonica cause for hope that the problem of the com- reviews a sample of results obtained through ercialised delivery of observational data for implementation of the Integrated Project scientific and educational purposes can be entitled ”Extreme meteorological and hy- resolved. Despite such major problems with drological events in Poland (The evaluation access to complete (gap-free) series of data, of events and forecasting of their effects especially in digital form, research work for the human environment)”. The project, within the project framework is being con- launched by the Ministry of Science and tinued with. Higher Education of the Republic of Poland A milestone for the Integrated Project in 2004, has as its aim an analysis and spa- was the convening of a conference on “Ex- tio-temporal assessment of main extreme treme hydrometeorological events in Poland meteorological and hydrological events in and their impacts—A European context” in Poland, using all the available data within Warsaw on 7–9 December 2006. This provid- an interdisciplinary framework that re- ed an opportunity for selected interim results lates to climatology, hydrology, oceanol- from the project to be presented, and made ogy, geomorphology, human geography and subject to extensive discussion. The partici- the economy. In the context of global-scale pation at the conference of speakers from studies, it is very important that the relation- other European countries made the forming ships between extreme events in Poland and of a broader perspective possible, allowing trends to ongoing climate changes be deter- the Polish findings to be seen in the context mined. The studies presented are devoted to of results from elsewhere, e.g. via projects a range of weather-related extremes, such as funded by the European Commission, and intense precipitation, floods, and geomor- global-scale considerations. Information on phic hazards like landslides and debris flow, the subject matter of the conference may be storm surges, droughts and extreme winds, found in Jania and Kundzewicz (2006). The as well as the impacts of all of these on hu- event was organized by the Faculty of Earth man existence (health and death hazards, Sciences, University of Silesia and the Insti- economic damage). The major obstacle in tute of Geography and Spatial Organisation, conducting these scientific studies has been Polish Academy of Sciences. considerable difficulty with the accessing The present volume is a collection of indi- of basic observational data from the mete- vidual contributions rather than a complete orological, hydrological and other stations review of the project. The issue starts with run by governmental institutions. Recently, a stage-setting contribution by Kundzewicz a better understanding of the importance and Jania (2007), reviewing extreme hydro- of the problem of natural extremes by some meteorological events and their impacts in governmental bodies in Poland has given a nutshell, on a range of scales (from the KKsisiąążżkka1.indba1.indb 5 22008-06-26008-06-26 110:55:410:55:41 6 Jacek Jania, Zbigniew W. Kundzewicz global down to the regional). In the next pa- impacts of the anthropogenic modification per, Donker (2007) reviews the vital problem of drainage basins on flood patterns. They of access to, and the re-use of, environmental consider the urbanised and industrialised data in the public sector in European Union areas of the Upper Silesia Industrial Region countries. This has been a problem of para- in the 19th and 20th centuries, with particu- mount importance in Poland. Indeed, a lack lar reference to the Kłodnica River Basin. of affordable access to hydrometeorological Marosz (2007) sketches the methodological data has jeopardized the attainability of the background to studies of historical floods in original objectives of
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