New Amsterdam Climate Met energie aan de slag

Summary of plans and ongoing projects New Amsterdam Climate

Foreword

In recent years it has become urgently clear that we must find an answer to the climate problem. The city executive of Amsterdam – together with many other parties in our city – wants to face this challenge. We have

committed ourselves to reducing our CO2 emissions by 40% in 2025 (compared to 1990).

We are duly aware that this is a major endeavour. But we are convinced that it also offers a multiplicity of opportunities, for innovation, for new employment, for other and better organisations and forms of behaviour. In short, it provides opportunities for a richer city in many ways. Based on this conviction, we have established the Amsterdam Climate Office and Marijke Vos have given it the task of getting a movement started Alderman Environment to utilise these opportunities and – simultaneously – to

drastically reduce the CO2 emissions.

During the past year, the Municipality of Amsterdam has taken the initiative to knock on many doors, almost always with positive results. Often the door was already open, as you can read in this report. It provides an impressive picture of what is already possible and is already being done by many individuals and organisations in Amsterdam who have seen these opportunities, and want to take the lead in their development. We are standing at the beginning of a change that will continue for many years. Even now we can rightfully say that, together with you, we have an outlook on a New Amsterdam Climate!

2 Table of Contents

Table of Contents

Introduction New Amsterdam Climate 4

1.1 Municipal organisation To start with, the Municipality itself 10

1.2 City Districts Parts of the solution 14

2 Sustainable energy New energy for Amsterdam 20

3.1 New construction The new approach to building 24

3.2 Existing buildings A city to be won 28

4.1 Small and mid-sized enterprises Business climate 32

4.2 ICT From data centre to playstation 36

5.1 Transport Alternatives on the Road 40

5.2 Port of Amsterdam Sustainable mooring 46

6 Education Learning environment for climate 50

3 New Amsterdam Climate

4 Introduction

Global warming is one of the greatest problems of this era. Actually, we should say it is one of the greatest tasks, because the solutions are known. Amsterdam is familiar with that task and also aims to start taking advantage of the opportunities it offers by becoming a leader.

If the emissions of greenhouse gases continue to grow ment. This certainly applies to Amsterdam. Inspiration, unabated, the climate on our planet will exceed a criti- sharing expertise, innovating, taking risks, showing cal point within several decades. At that point, a more leadership and taking responsibility: these are the keys or less predictable and liveable climate for people, to success. A huge number of technologies and mea- animals and plants will become a thing of the past, sures can already be applied immediately. And we are probably for centuries to come. going to invent the rest. In concrete terms, this means for example that buil-

Where the solution concerns CO2 reduction, the route dings and technical installations will be modified or to a solution is known: energy savings, a drastic reduc- designed differently; that the transport sector will re- tion in the use of fossil fuels plus accelerated develop- new itself; and that we will see rapid developments in ment and application of sustainable energy sources. small-scale and large-scale sustainable energy supply. Everywhere in the world, businesses, institutions, citizens and governments are tackling the enormous This will create additional employment in traditional climate challenge. Amsterdam has a long tradition of and innovative sectors and will put Amsterdam on the pioneering energy and climate policy. As an interim map as a location for sustainable and innovative busi- step on the road to a low-carbon energy system, in nesses. The expectation is that the prices of fossil fuels 2007 the city executive set the goal of reducing the will continue to rise. Therefore, reducing local demand

CO2 emissions within the city limits of Amsterdam by while simultaneously developing alternative sources 40% in 2025 (compared to 1990). becomes more and more attractive financially.

Revolution in thought and action Together in a leading group In recent decades, the city has already done a great Obviously, the transition can only be achieved if all deal in the area of energy savings and the develop- parties in Amsterdam cooperate. The Municipality ment of alternative energy sources. Nevertheless, the of Amsterdam has taken the initiative to establish a

CO2 emissions of Amsterdam have increased signifi- framework of cooperation for climate. To this end, we cantly since 1990. have approached many businesses, institutions and citizen groups since the summer of 2007. During the To transform a ‘slowed increase’ to a ‘drastic reduc- climate conference of 11 December 2007, there was an tion’, emissions must be reduced more quickly. This excellent response, which has grown even further since requires a revolution in thought and action At the pre- then. sent time, we are in the midst of this transition phase. Climate policy also concerns achieving a beneficial The formal framework of cooperation is now a fact. Its economic position on a changing playing field. If we do name: New Amsterdam Climate. To provide the neces- not take account of these changes – the rapid shifts sary support, a bureau has been established specifically in market shares in the automobile industry being an for this purpose: the Amsterdam Climate Office. New excellent example – then this can have serious conse- Amsterdam Climate is made up of citizens, businesses quences for our competitive positions. and institutions who understand the necessity of taking measures, who see the opportunities created by these Moreover, if nature compels us to reinvent our pro- measures, who take a leading role with their climate duction and consumption processes, then this offers policy and who can serve as an example for others. In terrific opportunities for economic and social develop- this way, New Amsterdam Climate ultimately aims to

5 New Amsterdam Climate

important developments in the framework of coope- ration of New Amsterdam Climate, beginning with the present edition. This report addresses a number

of areas for which CO2 reduction programmes are planned or are being implemented. In addition to the area of the municipal organisation, where the City of Amsterdam takes an especially critical look at itself, these include areas where the city and many important players work together to achieve major reductions by collectively accelerating the process.

This report is structured according to these areas: City organisation Sustainable energy Housing; with a distinction between existing housing and new construction create a snowball effect in as many levels of the city as The business community, with attention for small possible. and midsize enterprises and the ICT sector, respec- tively New Amsterdam Climate is a platform where parties Transport and the Port of Amsterdam can: Education find partners for cooperation; inspire and motivate each other; This first report contains a snapshot of the situation share knowledge; in the fall of 2008. For all areas, this concerns especi- detect and remove obstacles; ally the first steps, more or less, that are being taken map out resolutions, actions and results; as part of relatively new frameworks of cooperation.

and present annual CO2 reports. Therefore this report also looks many years into the future – rather lightly under the heading ‘Back from the New Amsterdam Climate also wants to establish a Cli- future’ – towards the situation and energy experience mate Fund to provide financial incentives for promising in 2025. initiatives in the areas of energy savings and sustaina- ble energy. Finger on the pulse Who is not participating? Every year, the City of Amsterdam will monitor the

The government is in the position of enforcing laws current situation by determining how much CO2 that are only partly or reluctantly complied with. the city has emitted. It will also collect as much

But this process is distant from the leading group of information as possible about the CO2 emissions parties who, based on shared insight and a collective that have been avoided due to the various goal, want to accomplish more than is required by law measures. To this end, a model is being constructed and want to take advantage of opportunities. Regar- that will be supplied with information about energy ding the parties in the area between these two extre- use in the following sectors: built environment, mes, New Amsterdam Climate hopes to use its activi- traffic and transport, businesses and the city ties to draw these parties towards the leading group. organisation itself. According to expectations, the

annual CO2 report for 2007 will be presented at the Progress reports end of 2008. The Climate Office will periodically report on the most

6 Introduction

Building blocks for reduction Taking account of the societal concern about the climate problem, the municipality has formulated the ambition to achieve a 40% CO2 emission reduction in the year 2025 for the entire city (compared to the level in 1990). In addition, the municipality itself aims to set a good example by operating in a CO2- neutral fashion by 2015. The municipality has of course also considered the question of whether these ambitions are feasible. At the end of 2007, the report

‘Building blocks for the Amsterdam CO2 reduction programme’ was published. By extrapolating current developments, this report first determined what the emission level in 2025 would be without additional policy. It then addressed the question of which This framework of cooperation aims to act as a magnet measures are available to reduce the CO2 emission and a podium for positive energy. To all those who are level. This answer was partly worked out in order not yet in the starting blocks: we have made the chal- to serve as a basis for a programme of measures. lenge, who will accept it? The report also contains a proposal to measure the progress in reducing emissions. Municipal initiative to establish this frame- work of cooperation Periodic reporting of the most important developments in New Amsterdam Climate, Communication about New Amsterdam beginning with this addition Climate Communication is essential to everything that is hap- For that matter, we have roughly calculated what the pening as part of the New Amsterdam Climate. Am- savings will be if we succeed in continuing the establis- sterdam has chosen a focused strategy, where believa- hed strategies through the years. According to these bility and realism are paramount. This means suppor- calculations, we will achieve approximately two-thirds ting deeds with words. We can do this by making the of the necessary reduction. For the remaining savings, general public more familiar with the developments we can count on a new generation of innovations, new national and European legislation, reductions in areas Prevent and adapt that have not yet been mapped out and – possibly – New Amsterdam Climate has the goal of greatly underground CO2 storage (sequestration). reducing CO2 emissions and limiting global warming. We are restricting our activities to prevention. Much more information is available at Regardless of how successful the prevention www.nieuwamsterdamsklimaat.nl measures everywhere in the world may be, it is now clear that the climate will change and that To be continued Amsterdam must also prepare for these changes by In addition to the efforts described in this report, there developing and implementing policies concerning are countless initiatives in the city that contribute to water storage, hot weather, etc. the reduction aims. In subsequent editions, from the viewpoint of New Amsterdam Climate we hope to In another context, Amsterdam is working hard on provide an increasingly complete picture of all parties these policies. who are working on a cleaner Amsterdam.

7 New Amsterdam Climate

and getting them involved, for example by means of Amsterdam Climate Fund the Climate Table, Climate Cafés and theatre, and edu- A 40% reduction in CO emissions by 2025 is a cation for schools. 2 major challenge. This requires major investments in both the Or by placing Amsterdam on the map – regionally, adaptation of existing technologies and the nationally and internationally – as an innovative force. innovation of new ones. Many of these investments will pay for themselves, certainly if energy prices Climate communication will take the form of a carrier continue to rise. However, start-up capital and wave with peaks: an undercurrent of messages, sup- venture capital will remain necessary. Financial plemented with peak moments such as publicity cam- institutions want to help find solutions and will paigns and larger events that are linked to the various accept their responsibility within the usual limits climate themes. of risk and profitability. This will not always be enough. New Amsterdam Climate therefore wants Besides developing strategic press contacts, we will to establish a Climate Fund. This fund can offer deploy Amsterdam “icons” as deliberate role models financial support to highly promising initiatives in to get Amsterdam residents involved with the New energy savings and sustainable energy by means of Amsterdam Climate. There are also many online pos- subordinated loans or surety bonds. sibilities such as the digital Climate Journal that is sent monthly to subscribers; or a digital map of Amsterdam, In addition to start-up capital from the City of which shows exactly who is doing what in terms of CO 2 Amsterdam, this fund (which is partly revolving) reduction and sustainability. And there is an extensive could possibly be supplemented if participants in site – a supplement to this report – which contains a the climate programme invest their carbon offsets great deal of information: in the fund. www.nieuwamsterdamsklimaat.nl

CO2 emissions (kt) per sector Traffic and transport Businesses Household 7000

5000

3000

-40% -50% -60%

1000

1990 2006 2025 Ambition 2025

8 Introduction

Prognosis of CO2 emissions in 2025, reduction task and CO2 reduction due to climate programme (kt)

1565

2235

2500

Total CO2 emissions avoided in climate programme Remaining reduction task

Remaining CO2 emissions

Potential share of climate programme in reduction task (kt)

1565

858

Sustainable energy production Existing housing association inventory New construction 206 Education

42 26 ICT sector 55 271 Small and mid-sized enterprises 142 Traffic and transport 635 Municipal organisation Remaining reduction task

9 To start with, the Municipality itself

10 Municipal organisation

In 2015, the City of Amsterdam wants to be climate neutral. This means that buildings, public lighting and the municipal transport facilities must consume less energy and must make as much use as possible of sustainable energy. For functions where fossil fuels are still unavoidable, possibilities for carbon set- offs will be investigated.

Municipal buildings This does not take away from the fact that using To implement its tasks, the Municipality of Amsterdam existing technologies in older buildings can achieve uses hundreds of buildings. The municipality owns major reductions. some of these buildings and rents others. In addition, the municipality is also a landlord. The buildings have Municipality seeks different landlord many different functions. For example, the buildings if insufficient investments are made in can be used as offices, gyms and harbour facilities. energy efficiency during renovation They also differ in terms of their structural condition, the condition of the technical installations and Making demands as a tenant therefore in their CO2 emissions. The municipality owns only some of the buildings that uses. The municipality decides to rent buildings

Planning Brief emphasises CO2 neutrality depending on the preparedness of the landlord to invest in the energy efficiency of the building during New construction for the Municipality of renovation. If the landlord is not sufficiently prepared Amsterdam to make such an investment, the municipality will In recent years, the municipality has made large look for an alternative and will cancel the rental investments in energy-efficient buildings. Much of contract. As a result, Amsterdam signals landlords that the new construction is more energy-efficient than sustainable buildings are the new standard. required by law. Nevertheless, no single building is emission-free. For that matter, the municipality is also subject to the same standard when it rents out buildings. The task is now to design buildings with the highest possible energy-efficiency, but which no longer use natural gas for space heating. Although the municipal Blaming each other power supply is already ‘green’, in the foreseeable future there will certainly not be an abundance of Residents Builders green energy, so it is important to keep the electricity “We want more “We can build envi- energy efficient ronmentally-sound demand as low as possible. With existing technology, houses, but there houses, but the a great deal of electricity can already be saved. is so little on the project developers market” do not ask for this” And with increasing energy prices, energy-saving measures pay for themselves more and more quickly. A precondition for successful application of such measures is that CO2 neutrality is emphasised in the Planning Brief from the very beginning. Investors Project developers “We do want to pay “We prefer sustaina- for sustainable and ble buildings, but in- Renovation of the municipality’s own buildings efficient buildings, vestors do not want It is often impossible to renovate existing buildings at but there is no de- to pay for this” mand for this” an acceptable cost so that they become CO2 neutral.

11 New Amsterdam Climate

Energy Team 2015, the municipality will make all buildings that it An Energy Team for municipal buildings is being owns or rents climate neutral by using the experience established. This team will advise and assist the and routines that it has developed in the meantime. neighbourhoods and the central services during both This will take place as buildings are scheduled new construction and renovation. The team will help for maintenance or new construction. Sports map out what is required for all municipal buildings to accommodations and other municipal buildings will earn an ‘A label’ for energy efficiency. then be subjected to the new norms. The first climate- neutral City District offices will be delivered.

The team also calculates how much CO2 emission remains if all measures with a 10-year payback period Public lighting are used. For each of the neighbourhoods and central Public lighting provides safety and atmosphere in the services, this forms the basis for an action plan. The city. logical occasions to apply the new climate-neutral By using intelligent light measuring and more efficient standard are during maintenance activities (minor and lamps and materials, a great deal of energy can be major), when moving to a new building and when saved. In concrete terms, the municipality sees the designing new construction. following as the most important possibilities: The administrators of the city and the neighbour­ For new installations and replacements, the hoods, the heads of the central services and the municipality is choosing the most energy-efficient secretaries of the City Districts have committed lamps and the most effective armatures. This themselves to this process. The municipal buildings means, among other things, replacing older lamps Energy Team takes the role of advisor and motivator. with newer types that do not require warm up time (or lamps of a future generation that are even In a short time, an enormous amount of expertise will more efficient ) and switching entirely to electronic be acquired, shared and applied. Between 2011 and components (savings potential: nearly 8% energy savings and a longer lifespan for the lamps). Green Light In recent years, much attention has focused on ener- Technology, precision control, dimming gy savings at the City Hall and Het Muziektheater. lights when and where this is feasible... For example, the building was given aquifer thermal a great deal is possible! storage, a heat recovery system and an ingenious building management system that provides smart Continue to be critical of the light measurement control for all technical installations. Among other system that – depending on the degree of things, the building management system prevents darkness – turns on the public lighting. the heating and air conditioning from being on at Responsible public lighting will continue to be the the same time. In 2007 the entire City Hall was equi- motto, but the lamps do not have to burn longer pped with energy-efficient lamps (45% energy sa- than is strictly necessary. A recent refinement vings compared to the old situation), a project which of the measurement system resulted in energy earned the European Green Light Award in 2008. savings of 1.5%. With the aim of achieving complete climate neutra- lity, the City Hall/Muziektheater works with an an- Due to the geographical location and urban design nual CO2 budget. This budget makes the remaining of Amsterdam-Noord, it is possible to turn on

CO2 emissions clear and indicates what is required the public lighting somewhat later in this section to become completely CO2 neutral. After the neces- of the city, and to turn it off somewhat sooner. sary steps are taken, in 2009 the Stopera will be able Additional differentiation in other parts of the city to justifiably say that it is climate neutral. (WestelijkeTuinsteden, Amsterdam Zuidoost) is being investigated.

12 Municipal organisation

Beginning in 2008, experiments will take place with dimming public lighting for energy savings LED lighting and to reduce possible light nuisance and light Partly on the initiative of Philips, a study was con- pollution. For example, it is unnecessary to have ducted this year into which additional technological public lighting at ‘full power’ with low traffic possibilities for energy savings are available, what the intensities and clear weather conditions. This type effect of these would be and what accelerated invest- of light dimming on thoroughfares can provide an ments these technologies require. For example, LED energy savings of 7.5%. streetlights developed by Philips were tested at the City Hall/Muziektheater. One of the objectives was to Municipal vehicle fleet enable Amsterdam residents to become acquainted The municipal vehicle fleet has approximately 2000 with this new lighting technology. LED streetlights vehicles. And all those lawnmowers, passenger cars, can provide energy savings of up to 51%. vans, sweeping machines and garbage trucks do not drive themselves.

The Mayor & College of Aldermen have Back from the future decided to only purchase passenger cars The team that maintains the Amsterdam street with and A or B energy label … lighting usually moves around the city on humming electric scooters. Tower wagons are needed much Energy-efficient vehicles less often now that all streetlights are equipped In 2007, the Mayor & College of Aldermen decided to with LEDs. They virtually never need replacement. only purchase passenger cars with an A or B energy After years of renovation, the municipal buildings label. A car with an ‘A label’ emits at least 20% less are among the most energy-efficient in the world.

CO2 than average; with a ‘B label’ this is 10 to 20% The buildings even supply some of their own energy. less. This resolution of Mayor & College of Aldermen The new City District offices are so cleverly designed is an order to the central services and an urgent that colleagues from abroad visit the offices to see request to the City Districts. how they’ve done it.

In addition, a funding scheme from the Air Quality Programme Bureau will accelerate the replacement of CO2-emissions by the Municipal Organisation polluting vehicles with clean vehicles. 50

…or perhaps they will switch to electric kt/year scooters 40

A two-wheel alternative Electric scooters are potentially a good alternative 30 for cars on short trips with little baggage. Compared with four-wheel transport, they use little energy. total Moreover, they create less pollution and noise 20 nuisance in the city and they take up less space. A test buildings is being conducted to determine if the scooters are user friendly, reliable and safe, and if the breakdown 10 service for these vehicles can also be properly arranged. If this pilot project succeeds, a fleet of municipal vehicle fleet electric scooters may be purchased. 0 2006 2015

13 Parts of the solution

14 City Districts

A better climate is not a project that can be ‘quickly arranged’ from City Hall. Like-minded partners with shared objectives create the basis for success. The City Districts play an important role in this process. The following is a selection from a number of appealing neighbourhood projects.

Online monitoring Step2Save This year the ‘Online monitoring of municipal buil- Step2Save is a cooperative project involving Nuon, dings’ will be expanded to all locations. This initiative the Municipality of Amsterdam, eleven City Districts of ARC gives the building manager insight at all times and the Far West and Ymere housing associations. into the energy use of the building. For example, this Step2Save aims for CO2 reduction, lower energy bills makes it clear if the technical installations are properly for tenants and trains unemployed young people to adjusted, if weekends and holidays have been taken become energy advisers. Objectives: a CO2 reduction into account or if there are undesired peaks in energy of approximately 200 kg per household per year and use. New instruments in the programme include re- annual savings of €70 on energy costs. Of the 10,000 mote energy management, comparing the energy targeted households in the subsidised rental sector, use of buildings and monitoring energy billing. Online 5,000 were successfully approached by the end of monitoring is an important precondition for active May. The project will continue until October 2008. energy management and can lead to energy savings of 5 to 10%. At present, more than 100 municipal offices, Solar power on your roof is easy schools, sport complexes and municipal services are In the summer of 2007, Project Bureau ARC, toge- taking part in online monitoring. ther with the province of North Holland and Bes- seling Installatie/Kapitein, conducted the ‘Zon op Energy Survival je dak’ campaign for the City Districts of Amster- This year Project Bureau ARC, on behalf of the Net- dam. The aim of the campaign was to promote herlands Climate Union (Klimaatverbond Nederland) solar energy systems among the owners/residents is again holding the Energy Survival programme in in the city Private owners could obtain a subsidy Amsterdam. In this programme, children learn about on the purchase of a solar energy system. Due to the importance of energy savings and sustainable the campaign, 152 photovoltaic systems and 20 energy during an exciting and educational discovery solar boilers were installed. The CO2 reduction expedition. The young people emphatically take com- amounts to 49,000 kg per year During the lifespan mand to learn more about sustainable energy use. The of the solar energy systems, this will amount to programme comprises reading materials, an Energy approximately 1000 tonnes of CO2 Survival day and the TV show Energy Survival. In 2007, seven groups from Amsterdam primary schools took Climate Cafés part. The Watergraafsmeerse School Association ulti- In 2008, fifteen Climate Cafés will be held by mately won the Energy Survival day. WISE on behalf of the Amsterdam City Districts. This is a simple but very effective concept to reach new target groups. In a pub or coffee house, a discussion about climate topics is held while the participants enjoy a drink. The attendees become involved with the theme by means of an exciting climate quiz, among other methods. The substantive climate discus- sion is alternated with music and/or comedy.

15 New Amsterdam Climate

GEUZENVELD-SLOTERMEER Sustainable energy in urban renewal The Institute for Environmental Studies of VU University, the General Housing Association (Algemene Woningbouwvereniging) and the Geuzenveld-Slotermeer City District are jointly

pursuing a broadly supported package of CO2- reducing measures that will be used during renovation projects.

Residents, project managers of City Districts and housing associations are working together in a dialogue and workshop programme which

emphasises the importance and feasibility of CO2- reducing measures and provides technologies with which the reduction will be achieved. The aim is to develop a method with which the project leaders can get started in concrete terms.

OSDORP Heat pump at the Airport Business park The Airport Business park Amsterdam-Osdorp (formerly Lutkemeer) aims to reduce its energy consumption by 40% and to generate 10% of the required energy sustainably.

To this end, the business park is using a CENTRUM groundwater system with decentral heat pumps Air curtains and is taking advantage of a subsidy scheme to For busy shops, open doors are more the rule realise 10,000 m² of solar panels. Companies at than the exception. Usually the inside temperature the business park are required to connect to the is maintained by using a warm air curtain at the system. Natural gas lines will not be installed – entrance. This is very costly for the business and is therefore no alternative is available. not very good for the environment. The City District Centrum wants to help the shops and the environment Airport Business park Amsterdam-Osdorp (formerlyAmster dam:by talking 24,5% with them about replacing the warm air Lutkemeer) is a joint development of the Osdorp curtains with alternatives that are at least 50% more City District and the Schiphol Area Development energy efficient. Company buiten beschouwing For this purpose, a pilot study has been planned minderwhere selecteddan 20% shops will use an 25%energy-efficient – < 29% air curtain. 20%As part– < of25% the pilot study, special 29%attention – < will 33% be paid to the effect of the environmentally friendly

16 City Districts

NOORD European demonstration project outer shell of the buildings and by switching from a Noord Is working on the sustainable renovation collective heating system using gas-fired boilers to project ‘Plan van Gool’. As part of this project, 2000 m² of solar collectors. 1,170 houses will be renovated in a sustainable fashion. This will be done, among other ways, The City District Amsterdam-Noord is a partner in this by greatly improving the insulation of the European demonstration project. It is an excellent example of energy savings and the use of sustainable energy in existing buildings.

SLOTERVAART Sustainable renovation In 2006 and 2007, the Far West housing association implemented an environmentally friendly housing renovation project involving a building complex with 192 units (blocks of flats with shared entrance halls and regular flats) on the Piet Mondriaanstraat and surrounding area. Far West commissioned a study to determine which environmental measures would be most effective and also took affordability into account.

The resulted in an ambitious package of renovation measures.

n new draft-window free frames, with integrated ventilation; n the most energy-efficient window glass (HR++); n new well-insulated façades; n sloped roofs insulated from inside; n insulation for ceilings of ground floor storage areas; n new high-efficiency boilers (HR-107); n shower cubicles with wastewater heat recovery; n 500 m² of solar cells on the roofs (with funding alternative on the accessibility of the shop, which is from the province); Amsterdam: 24,5% an essential aspect for the business. Depending on n recycled brick. The sustainable renovation of an the results, a plan to apply this sustainable solution adjacent housing complex is in preparation. on a larger scale will be developed. Nine other City buiten beschouwing Districts have also joined this project. minder dan 20% 25% – < 29% Partners: DA chemists, Besam, DMB, fire department, Association of Midsize and Small Businesses, Centrale 20% – < 25% 29% – < 33% Stad, Chamber of Commerce, Centrum and nine other City Districts.

17 New Amsterdam Climate

BOS EN LOMMER Laan van Spartaan Where football fields were once located, in several years 1000 new housing units will be built, including sports accommodations, a parking garage and social facilities. All houses will be connected to district heating provided by the Waste Energy Company (Afval Energie Bedrijf). This will achieve a significant reduction in the use of fossil fuels and prevent the emission of 1,100 kg of CO2 per house per year.

Cooperating partners: Bouwfonds, Ymere and Bos en Lommer City District ZUIDERAMSTEL Sustainable City District office This year, the new City District office for Zuideramstel will be completed. The building complex also contains housing units and a parking garage. The project location is the Kop Rivierenbuurt and is part of the Zuidas. Regarding energy and sustainability, a number of measures have been taken that have led among other things to the Energy Performance Coefficient being 33% better than the legal requirement. These measures include: n Green roof system that serves as a buffer during heavy rainfall and provides extra insulation. n Underground thermal storage. This reduces the

CO2 emissions by more than 60% n Application of all fixed measures and more than 30% of the variable measures from the National Sustainable Building Scheme. ZUIDOOST n The architectonic design of the building shell is Energy savings for primary schools flexible and adaptable so that the building canAmster dam:Together 24,5% with the province of North Holland, the grow along with changes in the future. Environmental & Building Department and the n Use of sustainably produced hardwood and buitenschool beschouwing administrations Sirius and Bijzonderwijs, softwood. City District Zuidoost has developed an energy n Avoiding materials that contaminate the savings campaign for 24 primary schools. Schools rainwater. minderwith dana high 20% energy consumption25% were – required < 29% to participate in the energy study. Partners: Zuideramstel City District, Dura Vermeer 20% – < 25% 29% – < 33% Real Estate, Rochdale/Delta Forte, Claus and Kaan The schools were given a 1,000 subsidy and architects, OTH interior architects, Zonneveld assistance in implementing the very practically engineering bureau. oriented advice.

18 City Districts

ZEEBURG Turby-windmills Since the first of July 2007, a Turby windmill has been proudly turning on the Flevohuis. The machine stands 12 m high and supplies enough electricity for two households. The installation of the wind turbine is a co-production involving the City District and the Ymere housing association. Each party paid half of the €20,000 cost. As the owner of the Flevohuis, Ymere manages the wind turbine. City District Zeeburg was responsible for the planning and the environmental-legal issues involved with the installation.

OOST-WATERGRAAFSMEER City District office Oost-Watergraafsmeer is building a new City District complex in the Polderweggebied which will also house the Centre for Visual Arts, Entrepreneurs Centre Oost-Watergraafsmeer and de Kraal school. The building will be completed this year.

Environmental measures: n thermal storage (for the entire area) and heat pump; n concrete core activation (low temperature); n high insulating value for the façade, floor and roof; n additional sealing of cracks against infiltration; n boiler optimisation; n speed regulation of fans and pumps; Amsterdam: 24,5% n high-frequency lighting; Following the completion of the project, the school n presence detection; n buiten beschouwing administrations continued with energy management heat recovery ventilation. on a no cure, no pay basis. In this way, saving energy becomes anchored in the organisation. As a result of the above measures, the Energy minder dan 20% 25% – < 29% Performance Coefficient (EPC) is 50% better than required in the National Building Regulations 20% – < 25% 29% – < 33% decree. This performance can be improved even further if wind turbines and solar cells can be installed on the roof (currently under study).

19 New energy for Amsterdam

20 Sustainable energy

Take 0.01% of the astonishing quantity of sustainable energy in the form of wa- ter power, wind energy or solar radiation that flows unused every day through the oceans, rivers and atmosphere. This is enough to supply the entire global economy with energy. To bring the discussion somewhat closer to home, waste is also an excellent source of energy, and is partly a source of renewable energy! It is time for Amsterdam to use this source of energy.

The climate issue, the dependence on fossil fuel im- A second precondition is therefore that there are ports, the available and economic opportunities during parties who install, maintain and manage the solar the transition to other energy sources.... installations on a contract basis, and sell the generated This is why Amsterdam has decided how much sustai- energy to a power company. New Amsterdam Climate nable energy will be generated within the municipality sees possibilities in the roof area of Amsterdam being in 2025. This amounts to 20% of the energy requi- used by solar power companies. rements of Amsterdam in 2025, if policy does not change. If there is a climate policy that results in redu- At the national level as well, preparations are taking ced energy demand, the share of sustainable energy place for the large-scale rollout of solar photovoltaic could be as high as 30%. This is a very high percentage systems in the built environment. Therefore New Am- in view of the limited availability of space in a city like sterdam Climate, in cooperation with the Ministry of Amsterdam. Economic Affairs, financiers and the energy sector, wants to develop a concept that can be put on the This potential can become reality by upscaling the market in the foreseeable future. technologies that are already being used in Amster- dam. Possibilities to make the roof area of Am- n solar energy from solar panels, thin-film PV, solar sterdam available to solar power compa- boilers and solar-oriented buildings nies for commercial exploitation n wind energy from different types of wind turbines n water for cooling Wind energy n energy from biomass: waste New wind turbines could be installed at various loca- n thermal storage and district heating tions in the city. The available space in Amsterdam for large wind turbines is limited, but the new wind loca- Solar energy tion map (see page 48) shows the potential and the According to the latest insights, after 2016 the price possibilities for initiatives. Installing small wind turbines per kWh for solar energy will be equal to the price paid on roofs is an option that requires further study. by a private party for electricity from the grid. Profita- This year (2008) Amsterdam will present its vision on ble exploitation of solar energy is on the horizon. To achieve this, two preconditions must always be satis- Sea wind fied. Offshore wind turbine parks have become a serious business. In Denmark, sea wind is already providing First, there must be sufficient space to install solar 20% of the national energy requirements. England panels, solar boilers or thin-film PV. In Amsterdam, this and Germany are also harvesting sea wind. In the is no problem whatsoever: businesses, houses, offices Netherlands, a permit request for wind turbine parks (municipal and private) and schools have several million on the North Sea is currently being evaluated. Near m² of roof area. There are parties who want to make IJmuiden, the windpark Amalia (Q7) has been taken their roofs available without having the ambition of into use by Eneco. investing in and managing the solar systems.

21 New Amsterdam Climate

this possibility. The lack of space within Amsterdam can Heat and cold be compensated by participating in wind parks on the For supplying heat and cold, technologies are available North Sea. Amsterdam is taking this option into serious at the household, building complex or district level. consideration. At the level of individual households, the solar boiler is one possibility. At the project level, at dozens of Biomass locations in Amsterdam companies are using a thermal Amsterdam is already using biomass from municipal storage installation for heating and cooling. This is waste and sewage sludge to generate sustainable heat an efficient technology which has been accepted by and electricity. The trams and the metro, for example, the market and will continue to grow significantly. At operate on this electricity. The electricity generation the district level, Amsterdam has a growing district takes place at the Waste and Energy Company (AEB), heating grid. Ultimately this grid will form a ring with where slightly more than half of the incinerated waste an Amsterdam. To achieve this, it is essential that the from non-fossil origin can be considered to be bio- new locations of Buiksloterham and Zeeburgereiland mass. are connect to the district heating grid.

By expanding the district heating network of AEB For project developers, thermal storage is often more and connecting more houses and businesses to this interesting in financial terms than connecting to district network, even more benefits can be obtained from heating. biomass (see thermal storage). Increasing the sales of In order to find a good balance, the municipality will residual heat is currently being studied. For example have to start directing this process. To this end, a the heat could be purchased by Ecoport, a sustainable theme been established for the programme managers business park that will be realised in phases. In ad- in the spatial planning sector. dition, with the hypermodern High-efficiency Power- plant, the generation capacity and energy efficiency of Sustainability is just as important with the delivery of AEB will increase. At present, the biomass incineration cold as it is with the delivery of heat. However it is of AEB is good for a reduction in CO2 emissions of more difficult to realise this on a large scale, because approximately 350 kt per year, and this will rise to no deep water (in this case the source of cold) is not less than 550 kt per year! Another possibility worth always available. The Zuidas and the Zuidoostlob are noting is the combustion (or gassification) of grown using a cold grid that is fed with deep water from the biomass, either imported or produced domestically. Nieuwe Meer and the Ouderkerkerplas. Waternet and This approach could, for example, increase the share of NUON are working closely together on this project. biomass in large-scale energy production. However, we For Teleport, a study is being conducted about the are still at the beginning of this development, which feasibility of a cold grid that will use AEB heat for is subject to criticism. Food supplies and biodiversity absorption cooling. must certainly not suffer in order to produce biomass. More and more ‘green’ electricity Another direction in energy production from biomass In Amsterdam, 37% of the households are already has been given attention in a study taking place at the using ‘ green’ electricity (from sustainable sources). Sciencepark, where Waternet is working with Aqua- This is slightly more than the national average of 33% phyto to explore the possibilities of producing algae (source: Milieucentraal). An interesting aspect is the in-house. growth during the past two years, especially among young people. The 40 to 60 age group is lagging Waste & Energy Company is already a lar- behind. ge producer of sustainable energy, and this In 2009 a major campaign is launched in cooperation will only increase in the future! with energy suppliers to encourage private parties as well as companies to switch to green electricity.

22 Sustainable energy

Avoided CO emissions in 2025 Process & Partners 2 To greatly increase the production of sustainable due to sustainable heat and cold infrastructure, (in kg/ energy, cooperation is essential. This is why the Cli- m2 GFO) mate Office and the parties that can make this pos- sible are coming into contact with each other. The partners in this endeavour include not only energy companies, but also businesses that offer sustainable energy products. Cooperation also me- ans joint pilot projects and experimental projects to learn about the obstacles and bottlenecks that we will encounter along the way. A good example is the cooperation with City District Noord. This City District wants to take an integrated approach to the local upscaling of wind energy, in close cooperation 50 or more with the residents, by supporting a citizen initiative 10 to 50 1 to 10 in this area. This project is based on a Master Plan, which can 0 to 1 also be used in potential frameworks of cooperation involving the Climate Office and other City Districts. Cooperation also means that the Climate Office and the market join together to look for suitable locati- ons for test facilities for various types of small wind turbines. For businesses, this support can enormous- ly accelerate the step to the professional market. To find suitable roofs for installing solar panels, a similar process takes place, but then in cooperation with housing associations and energy companies. The perspective for all implementation projects is a clear growth potential until 2025, a target date that Avoided CO2 emissions due to Sustainable Energy Amsterdam has set for itself. The Climate Office is 1200 the ideal party for facilitating contact between other total parties, for example by means of conferences. kt/year 1000

In this way, expertise can be shared and initiatives can be transformed into frameworks of cooperation 800 for implementing projects. In this role, the munici- pality listens carefully in order to pick up possible 600 signals about obstacles and bottlenecks that it might district heating and thermal be able to influence directly, for example by means storage 400 of municipal regulations and enforcement. Biomass Wind Partners: housing associations, City Districts, AEB, 200 Port of Amsterdam, Waternet, Nuon, Greenchoice, Solar

Eneco, Windvogel, Mijn CO2 Spoor, Meewind, CE 0 Delft, Enerquest 2006 2025

23 The new approach to building

24 New construction

In recent years, the energy performance norm for newly built houses has been increased step-by-step. By the year 2020, the national government wants to achieve ‘zero energy’ houses. This method has been effective: today, a newly built house uses 70% less gas for heating than the average existing house.

Nevertheless, this step-by-step increase has a major expansion of the housing inventory is relatively limi- disadvantage because builders try to satisfy the norms ted, the cumulative effects are still significant. Accor- by installing more and more apparatus and equipment ding to the energy savings rate stipulated by the na- in the house. By taking this path, we encounter limits: tional government, natural gas consumption will incre- structural complications and higher costs. A growing ase by almost 4.5%, and in new housing the gas meter group of market parties has indicated that there is will continue to turn at this rate for the long lifespan of a much more direct way to advance to very energy- the buildings! With the accelerated savings proposed efficient new construction. Amsterdam is giving these by Amsterdam, the increase in gas consumption would parties room to act and is thereby setting course to be cut in half and electricity consumption would de- a new standard: climate-neutral construction. These cline by 30%. houses will be more expensive than standard new construction, but this additional price is compensated The new standard for climate-neutral by lower energy costs. On balance, these houses will construction will also apply to new actually be cheaper. Therefore, the municipality does construction for offices and businesses. not see any necessity to compensate the extra costs by reducing the land price (and thereby reducing the municipal income). Initiatives n At the Zuidas location, ABN-Amro, together The entire process of land allocation, de- with other parties, developed the Dutch Green velopment and construction will be based Building Council. This concept makes it possible on this new standard. to achieve a better sustainability score than is prescribed in the legislation. Beginning in 2010, Amsterdam will build 32,000 hou- n A group of eight market parties is working sing units at the major locations. In 2010, four out of on a proposal to make the Buiksloterham ten newly built houses will be climate neutral. in 2015, development district as climate neutral as this will apply to all new houses. Although the annual possible. In this context, the Noordwaarts Administrative Consultation Committee has decided that the project will be awarded to the What is climate neutral? developer with the most sustainable plan, and A climate-neutral house does not use any fossil fuels not necessarily to the developer with the lowest for heating; it also uses several installed facilities price. To compare the plans with each other, to generate green electricity and to limit electricity a ‘sustainability meter’ is being used. The first consumption. experience with this approach is being acquired in the Buiksloterham. The intention is for many Influencing the remaining, behaviour-linked energy more projects in Amsterdam Noord and other consumption is outside the reach of the builders. parts of the city to start using this method . This aspect is up to the residents. To the extent that n In the Spaarndammerbuurt, the De Key housing they do not generate green electricity themselves, association is starting to build climate-neutral it is possible to purchase green electricity and in this houses and is bringing existing houses to that way to live in an entirely climate neutral fashion. level during renovation.

25 New Amsterdam Climate

New approach Back from the future It won’t happen by itself! The entire process of land On 1 January 2025, Thomas and Samira receive the allocation, development and construction must be key to their new house. The heating and cooling is based on the new standard. During the development done with groundwater. The house has its own wind of areas, an energy strategy must be formulated at the turbine to operate the household apparatus, and earliest stage, which indicates what the best measures solar collectors provide warm water. are. The energy that they do not need will be supplied back to the grid. When they close the door and Such measures could include a district heating grid, turn the key, all the household apparatus turns off, district cold grid, thermal storage and sustainable except for the refrigerator. Is this a remarkable energy generation. In addition, during the design of house? Not in 2025. buildings it is important to make beneficial choices regarding the orientation of houses, insulation, sustai- Avoided CO2 emissions due nable energy and installations. This demands a great to Climate-neutral New Construction deal, not only from the municipal spatial planning of- 30 fice and the municipal development corporation, but also from developers, contractors and subcontractors. 25 kt/year

This new approach to building has consequences for 20 selecting (or preselecting) parties and for awarding projects. 15 In the future, the parties want to find joint solutions for the problems that they encounter on the path to 10 climate-neutral construction. To this end, a Leading Group for New Construction will be established later this year. 5

0 2006 2025

26 New construction

27 A city to be won

28 Existing buildings

Almost half of the 385,000 housing units in Amsterdam were built before World War II. This was a time when the energy performance norm (EPN) had not even been invented. Only 8% of the housing units in Amsterdam have been built since the EPN was implemented. In old houses, wasted energy is the norm. Insulation, double glazing, efficient heating installations and good ventilation improve the energy quality of these houses. And together with the use of sustainable energy, this reduces CO2 emissions.

In 2006, 34% of the total emissions of CO2 in Reduction possibilities Amsterdam were caused by household use of electri- If all housing associations perform maintenance and city, gas and heat. However, a decline of more than renovation at a robust level until 2018, a CO2 reduc- 1% per year can be seen in the average household gas tion of 31% is possible. If the housing associations consumption. This reduction is due to the efforts of continue these efforts until the target year of 2025, the housing associations, which have been investing the savings will rise to 37%. In that case, there will be for many years in better insulation and high efficiency no room to make exceptions, for example due to buil- boilers, and the much better energy performance of ding regulations. The reduction will be partly achieved newly built houses. by selling units, tearing down old units and building new ones. However, this effect has been counteracted by an in- crease in the number of housing units and especially The first steps have already been taken by an increase in electricity consumption of 2% annu- n Since February of 2007, the municipality has ally. In this way, unchanged policy is leading to an in- headed the leaders alliance in which the housing crease in the share of household energy consumption associations are challenged to achieve the best to 36%. performance. As a result, the attention for energy savings in existing housing has increased. In Working together addition, the leaders alliance has led to concrete to change the trend initiatives such as the Step2Save project (see page 15). Cooperation n Joint initiatives create a strong network. A good All parties who have the ambition to accelerate and example is the presentation of a joint case study – expand energy savings in existing housing can change during the BouwRAI – by the housing associations this trend by working together. Home owners play an Ymere, Het Oosten, De Key and the Climate important role in this process because they can work Office. Another example is the Network for Energy directly on the energy quality of their houses by ma- Savings, an initiative of the Amsterdam Federation king decisions about insulation, double glazing, effi- of Housing Associations. As part of this network, all cient heating installations, good ventilation or the use the housing associations exchange expertise about of sustainable energy. energy savings in existing housing and new housing. n In the meantime, the first housing associations have From the perspective of the municipality, the housing formulated their sustainability policy. associations are an important group because they own n This year, the municipality and the housing more than 50% of the housing units in Amsterdam. associations will jointly realise three model houses. During the second phase, private landlords (22%) These models houses show what is possible to and owner/residents (27%) will follow. It goes without reduce CO2 emissions. The plan is to deliver these saying that resident and tenant organisations will be houses to their new residents at the beginning of involved in this process. 2009.

29 New Amsterdam Climate

Frank Bijdendijk n The Climate Office and a number of financiers General Director of Stadgenoot are jointly seeking possibilities to aid owners ‘An unbridled rise in the energy bills of our tenants associations when taking energy saving measures. must be brought to a halt. The energy prices are This concerns advice, implementing the measures rising much faster than the rental prices. As long as and providing the financing for the measures. we are primarily using our limited reserves of gas, oil and coal, this trend will continue. As a result, … there are more steps to take the affordability of housing is being increasingly n Every year, the municipal housing service and the threatened. Therefore, investing in energy savings is housing associations make agreements about the an absolute priority for Stadgenoot.’ contributions that each of the associations will make to the aims in the housing policy agreement. Pieter de Jong Climate will be an important aspect in these agree- Member of the Ymere Executive Committee ments. ‘Ymere attaches a great deal of importance to n In 2008, the housing associations will assign energy sustainability and limiting the energy costs of our labels to most of their housing inventory. This pro- residents. Therefore, in 2008 Ymere will develop an cess provides a lot of information about the cur- integrated sustainability policy. Over the short term, rent state of affairs and the steps that still need to the focus will be on insulating our housing units. For be taken. It is important to share this new exper- this purpose, we will invest many millions of euros in tise with each other. existing housing during the next few years.’ n A number of housing associations need to acquire more understanding of the energy quality of their Peter van Ling housing and must begin developing a sustainability Director of Housing and Real Estate Maintenance policy. for De Key n All the housing associations together sell ap- ‘In 2008 De Key will tackle the housing units in proximately 2000 housing units per year Generally speaking, the new owner/resident does not invest the Spaarndammerbuurt, which we will make CO2 neutral. In addition, during changes of residents, in energy saving measures. If a housing association every housing unit will be provided with a high implemented these measures before the sale, it high-efficiency boiler and double glazing. We focus could include the investment in the sales price, and the reduction in CO emissions would then be as- on sustainability not only in our housing units, but 2 also in our own organisation. For example, the new sured. building for our maintenance service is being built n Approximately 6% of the households in Amster- with a thermal storage system, our leasing policy dam are still receiving unmetered heat (central will stipulate energy-efficient cars only, and all our heating and warm water). With a meter and an office materials and furniture are FSC certified.’ individual account, energy and water consumption is reduced by 10 to 15%. n Ruined by the energy bill The demands of the building code hamper far- reaching energy savings especially in houses from In recent years, energy prices have been rising the pre-war era. Due to its role in this process, the by approximately 7.5% annually, while rents have municipality must find a new balance that does been rising only 1.5%. The price increases have justice to both the beauty of the city and the ne- been felt most severely in poorly isolated houses. cessity for energy savings. These houses are often occupied by people with lower incomes. Due to the rapidly increasing Renovate at a robust level energy prices, the relatively low rent is no longer an advantage.

30 Existing buildings

Housing inventory according 200.000 to year of construction Process & Partners before 1946 The subprogramme Existing Housing Inventory be- gan unofficially in the spring of 2007 when a number of parties joined together in the ‘leaders alliance’. These parties can and will improve their housing units. A number of sessions of this group led to the 100.000 1946-1980 launch of successful initiatives, and in the autumn the Climate Office expanded the dialogue to include the entire professional sector. All housing associati- 1981-1990 ons have joined the network, and tenants associa- 1991-2000 tions also participate. Parties in real estate and ow- after 2000 ners associations will join soon. During the second 0 phase, the subprogramme will primarily expand in the direction of owners/residents. The Climate Of- Distribution of Amsterdam housing ownership fice, SEGON and the City Districts are currently de- veloping joint initiatives for approaching this target group. In addition, Vastgoedbelang and the Climate Office recently began a consultation with tenants owner/resident organisations to arrive at an energy savings agree- private landlord ment for privately owned housing. The first group of leaders has brought the entire field into motion. The focus is now on implementation, maintaining the leading position and making a climate agreement with the municipality.

subsidised rental Partners: Amsterdams steunpunt wonen, Amster- dam Federation of Housing Associations, Amvest, Bouwfonds MAB, de Alliantie Amsterdam, Bureau CO emissions from housing Welstand, Dienst Wonen, ECN, Far West, Huurders- 2 association inventory vereniging Amsterdam, Nuon, SEGON, Stadgenoot, 500 City Districts, Stichting Eigen Haard, Stichting VvE

Belang, Vastgoedbelang, Woningstichting Rochdale, kt/year Woonstichting De Key, Ymere.

Back from the future 250 2025 - Amsterdam residents laugh at the exorbitant prices being charged for fossil fuels. Smart housing improvements have ensured that they are much less dependent on energy from the grid. Solar, wind, biomass and thermal storage provide most of their energy needs. Due to innovations in energy, they live comfortably without sky-high energy bills. 0 2006 2025

31 Business climate

32 Small and mid-sized enterprises

In Amsterdam, there are between 15,000 and 20,000 small and mid-sized enterprises (SMEs), such as bakeries, production companies, hotels, offices and many others. The SMEs are an economic motor, a motor that does not pollute. An SME programme is given shape in a broad framework of cooperation between parties from government and business.

Energy savings is the first step to CO2 reduction. parties involved with business park management, sup- Over the short term, remarkable results can be pliers and the municipality all contribute to the realisa- achieved with efficient apparatus and improved logis- tion of pilot projects. The successful approaches used tics. Possibilities for more far-reaching reductions by by the leaders will be carefully adapted to a solution means of very energy-efficient new construction and which will be interesting for a large group of busines- renovation occur during natural investment moments. ses. A framework of cooperation involving businesses, SME Amsterdam, the Chamber of Commerce, ORAM Specific options for specific business and the City Districts gives shape to the SME pro- groups gramme. During the years to come, the partners in this programme will develop dozens of CO2 reduc- Hotels tion packages for specific SME groups. Key concept: In this sector, CO2 reduction concerns the buildings, delegating the task of saving energy. Specifically, the technical installations and the hotel room facilities smaller companies have little time and insufficient (water, lighting, television, refrigerator). Here as well, capacity. This means that the savings measures must innovative suppliers and Green Key hotels are deve- be implemented with a minimum of obstacles. loping concrete CO2 reduction options that are being applied. These options will then be made available to Delegating the task of saving energy: a large group of hotels. energy savings measures with a minimum of difficulty and obstacles

For three SME groups, packages of measures are al- Delegating the task of saving energy ready being compiled. The strategy here is to bring In cooperation with several financial institutions and businesses who are looking for buyers for their sustai- energy companies, a concept is being developed nable products into contact with businesses who want that will make it easier for companies to benefit to make their operations more sustainable, but don’t from energy savings. For example, a business that know exactly how to do this. The programme aims requires a new lighting installation will not have to achieve a snowball effect in cooperation with the to invest in this installation itself; it will repay the leading group. For example, suppliers and installers financed amount from the savings on its energy bill. in the programme are working on an initiative for ef- This concept will be tested in the near future and ficient lighting for businesses. – if successful – will be structurally included in the other projects and expanded. SMEs are responsible

Offices, warehouses and manufacturing for approximately 25% of total CO2 emissions in A brief series of business scans brings sustainable sa- Amsterdam. The size of the accommodation and vings and benefits into the picture and links these to the type of activity are good indicators of the CO2 the best investment moments. These investment mo- emission. Important items are lighting, heating, ments range from replacing lighting, office equipment refrigeration, apparatus for kitchens, production and or technical installations to large-scale renovation and offices, air-conditioning and climatisation. new construction. Businesses, business associations,

33 New Amsterdam Climate

Shops and cafés/restaurants/catering For shops, the initial focus concerns the shop facilities: lighting, shop entry and apparatus. Several innovative retailers and suppliers will determine

which possibilities are available to reduce CO2 emissions. They will do this, among other ways, by reducing unnee- ded lighting at night. In another project, all businesses in the Utrechtsestraat will be advised about simple measures and supported during their implementation. With the experience ac- quired during the pilot project, street managers can encourage larger groups of shops to implement the solu- tions. Additional expansion will take place in cooperation with the City Districts.

The municipality is investigating possibili- ties to reduce the monitoring of busines- ses which have taken ‘demonstrable clima- te measures’. This is already the case with businesses that have a ‘Green Key’.

Jan Pastor Hotel de l’Europe ‘Since December 2007, the first Green Key Certi- ficate has been hanging on our street façade. We had to do a great deal to become certified, such as reducing gas and electricity consumption and repla- cing incandescent lights with compact fluorescents. I had not realised that the cost savings would be noticeable so quickly.’

Kees Verhoeven SME Amsterdam ‘SME Amsterdam wants there to be a ‘ready to use’ line of products from which businesses can choose. We will therefore encourage our members and other businesses to use these products. Besides the fact that they save energy and are sustainable, they also lead to lower costs for the business.’

34 Small and mid-sized enterprises

Gross floor area SME Amsterdam Process & Partners The SME was prominently present during the first Cafés/ Climate Conference (December 2007). Key mes- restaurants sage: people want to make an active contribution to the climate aims of the municipality. For the Climate Office, this is partly the reason that we Shop space established a separate SME programme, which Warehouses and production was launched in February 2008. To begin with, facilities we discussed the proposed course with SME Am- sterdam, ORAM and the Chamber of Commerce. The main focus is the development – by and for the SME – of low threshold climate products with Office space which businesses can save money and energy. The basic principle is that businesses can delegate as much of the energy savings task as possible. Together with business associations and/or indi- vidual businesses, the first initiatives are being taken for low threshold products (and especially for their application) in cafés/restaurants & retail, hotels, business parks, offices, warehouses and production facilities. SME Amsterdam, ORAM and local business associations are supporting the various initiatives. The results will be presented at the annual conference of SME Amsterdam.

Partners: Amsterdamse Innovatie Motor (AIM), ATCB, Building Enver, De Bakkerswinkel (War- moesstraat), Eco-Logisch, ElseWear, Energie- centrum MKB, Etaloid, Fanu, Goede Waar & Co, GreenHost, HM Architecten, Koreman Lichton- CO2 emissions by SME derhoud, KvK, MKB Amsterdam, NUON, ORAM industry manager, Philips Lighting, Rabobank Gre- ater Amsterdam, Search, Stichting Collusie, Trilux, kt/year 1000 Triodos, Van Gansewinkel.

Back from the future Doing business in the Amsterdam of the future is an amazing experience. The beneficial business climate 500 of the capital city of the Netherlands has attracted many innovative businesses. Climate-conscious businesses not only save money, they also work in a new environment. Climate-neutral shopping districts draw visitors from the Netherlands and abroad, visitors who come not only to shop… 0 2006 2025

35 From data centre to playstation

36 ICT

Computers and automation reduce the workload and can replace energy-wasting processes. But ICT also generates a world of new possibilities and has its own dynamics which result in a significant energy consumption. Communication Centre Amsterdam is accepting the challenge to combine the rapid developments in ICT with energy savings.

The ICT sector plays an important role in the local eco- The leaders in the Amsterdam ICT sector and the Cli- nomy. The sector offers direct employment to 9% of mate Office are developing the Green-IT programme. the professional population in Amsterdam. Moreover, This initiative aims to reduce the CO2 emissions of ICT virtually all other economic sectors in Amsterdam have technology in households and businesses. In addition, a strong relationship with ICT. For example, consider Green-IT is looking for possibilities to use ICT else- the importance of computers and Internet for the cre- where in the economic system to achieve CO2 reduc- ative industry, telecom, the financial sector, universities tion. The programme will gradually comprise initiatives and research institutes and other businesses and orga- focusing on various issues, target groups and effects. In nisations, including the municipality itself. In short, a 2008, the focus will be on reducing the CO2 emissions healthy and innovative ICT sector is very important for of data centres: Green DC. Amsterdam. Attention for the electricity consumption of the sector is relevant, even more so if its expected In Green DC rapid growth is taken into account. The same applies n companies will be provided with knowledge about to the use of ICT technology in households and offices. the necessity of sustainable energy consumption and about the available possibilities (technical and Anwar Osseyran otherwise); Director of Sara and Chair of the Green-IT initiative n together with the sector, it will be determined how Sustainability is not only about saving money, it is the municipality can help businesses contribute to

especially about continuity, and later on: growth. Busi- the municipal CO2 target; ness people who embrace sustainability can create n initiatives of leaders will be put in the spotlight for more with less; later on, they will have the market.’ the sector; n data centres and the municipality will make volun- Niels Sijpheer tary climate agreements. researcher at Energy Research Centre of the Netherlands Other components of Green-IT ‘In the ICT sector, there is still a great deal of low-han- n The Climate Office participates in the annual In-

ging ‘energy fruit’ to be picked, certainly if compared novation Award ICT & CO2 of Digikring; this award with other sectors.’ aims to challenge the ICT sector and the creative SME in Amsterdam to come up with solutions Bas Boorsma for energy issues. The Office assigns one project Head Connected Urban Development, Cisco leader and one communications officer to help ‘ICT helps to reduce costs and energy consumption organise the event and provides the prize money. and increases comfort. My advice is to do the same Marijke Vos from the municipal executive presents thing with information that we have done with water the award. in our modern societies: bring it to the user, instead n The energy performance of municipal ICT is exa- of bringing the user to the information. After all, we mined: energy criteria for purchasing; using ICT don’t get stuck in a traffic jam to get water at the technology to save energy within the municipal well?’ organisation; energy savings in the municipal infra- structure.

37 New Amsterdam Climate

Growing demand for sustainability During the years to come, more and more Amsterdam The wishes of clients can also make the sector be- data centres will become aware of this situation and come more sustainable. Large companies (with good will also understand the possibilities to perform well in examples in the financial world) and government agen- this regard. cies are increasingly placing demands on the sustaina- For example, during new construction, the centres will bility of the products and services that they buy. In this aim for the greatest possible energy efficiency. The way, the market must also increasingly provide insight leaders in this area will become apparent, even more into its energy efficiency and the sustainability of the so because of the spotlights that shine on them in pro- energy that is used. jects in which they participate (such as Green DC).

Data centres and energy costs A data centre or data hotel is a commercial buil- ICT and energy ding where computer servers – for example those In 2006 electricity consumption of the Amsterdam of Internet providers – operate under controlled ICT sector was equivalent to the electricity con- climate conditions. In recent years, computer sumption of 44,000 average Dutch households.

technology has become much ‘heavier’ due to the Converted to the share in the CO2 emissions of all wishes of clients and the rapid technological deve- Amsterdam businesses, this amounts to 6%; with lopment. As a result, the energy consumption has respect to Amsterdam as a whole, this is 2%. grown sharply, also the energy that is needed for the air-conditioning/cooling (approximately 30% The expected growth in the ICT sector is ap- of the electricity consumption) that the centres proximately 8% per year. Viewed from a broader require. perspective, the significant electricity consumption for ICT use in households and offices could also be A number of companies perform significantly included. Approximately 25% of the household elec- better with the aid of innovative cooling systems tricity consumption is used by ICT apparatus, and and the use of sustainable energy. This provides offices consume approximately 27 kWh per m2 per environmental benefits and a better competitive year for this purpose. It is especially the ICT use in position because the energy costs are a steadily households that is expected to increase strongly in increasing part of the total operational costs. the years to come.

other 2% emergency power provision offices 4% 0.1 TWh/ year cooling 22%

infrastructure 0.2 TWh/year households ICT apparatus 0.3 TWh/year 70%

38 ICT

Connected Urban Development Process & Partners As part of the Clinton Global Initiative, Amsterdam is The municipality and ICT businesses from greater working together with Seoul, San Francisco and Cisco Amsterdam are jointly discussing the theme of ICT on making cities more sustainable (climate-friendly) and energy use. For example, the initial meeting of with the aid of ICT (the ‘Connected Urban Develop- the Green DC initiative was attended by representa- ment’ programme - CUD). ICT plays a role in monito- tives of 35 organisations including data centres, ICT ring and in finding solutions, such as creating green multinationals, universities and research institutes, buildings or smarter transport methods. the national government and the sector association. In a series of follow-up meetings (partly in parallel) In principle, the measures developed in the program- various programme lines were worked out in greater me must be reproducible in other cities and countries. detail. The Climate Office facilitated this process by Therefore, in addition to developing, testing and paying the organisational costs, commissioning exter- implementing measures, the dissemination of the ac- nal advisors and providing a project leader who was quired expertise also has a high priority. responsible for personal contact with the network of businesses and the substantive line of the Green DC The Amsterdam contribution to the CUD programme is initiative. In addition, the deliberately chosen atmosp- the following: research (conducted by the municipality here of creative competition (the Innovation Award) and the business community) into the potential role of encouraged solutions. Smart Work Centres to control traffic jams; developing a Personal Transport Assistant; research into methods Partners: AIM, ASP4all, BT Nederland N.V., Cisco Sys- for using modified ICT to reduce the CO emissions of 2 tems, Colt, DELL, Digikring, ECN, Equinix, EvoSwitch, offices; the results from Green DC. EZ, F-fectis, Getronics – Pinkroccade, Global Switch, HP, IBM, ICT-Office, Intel. Interxion, KPN, Level3, Reducing the CO emissions of data cen- 2 Microsoft, Pins, Sara/Netherlight, SenterNovem, Serv- tres is the main focus of Green DC icehuis ICT, Sun, Microsystems, TelecityGroup, TNO ICT.SenterNovem, Servicehuis ICT, Sun, Microsystems, TelecityGroup, TNO ICT.

CO2 emissions by ICT infrastructure

100 kt/year

ICT

80 Back from the future In 2025, the retirement home is maintained at a pleasant temperature thanks to the heat production of the data hotel around the corner. We no longer waste energy on cooling and the servers operate 60 on a fraction of the energy that they previously required. Of course, this energy is sustainable. The ICT sector has developed smart software with which the entire city can manage, limit and optimise its energy consumption. 40 2006 2025

39 Alternatives on the Road

40 Transport

New fuels and new legislation are leading to vehicles with reduced emissions and are reducing the amount of transport. This has improved the quality of the air and has reduced CO2 emissions. This section provides an overview of measures, plans and possibilities.

In the years to come, the CO2 emissions from vehicles port such as City Cargo, Mokum Mariteam, and bicy- will decline due to more stringent European norms cle couriers will also make a significant contribution to and national instruments. In 2012, the average pas- CO2 reduction. senger car must not emit more than 130 g of CO2 per travelled km. Today, this is approximately 200 g. The The Priority for a Healthy City programme is an ambi- Netherlands aims to go even further, to 80 g per km in tious plan to reduce the air pollution caused by traffic 2020. In that year, the transport sector will be required within the Ring A10. An environmental zone for pas- to use at least 10% biofuel. senger cars and vans and a maximum speed of 80 kph on the major road network will also make a substantial

More and more automobile manufacturers are deve- contribution to reducing CO2 emissions. Discussion loping hybrid or bi-fuel vehicles. Hybrid vehicles have is still taking place about the implementation of this both an electrical motor and a petrol motor on board. measure with the Ministry of Transport, Public Works One example of a bi-fuel system is a motor that burns and Water Management. both natural gas and petrol. The automobile and truck are experien- Experiments are taking place with other sustainable, cing healthy competition low-CO2 or CO2-free fuels such as biogas or hydro- gen (see below). In the Netherlands, it is expected Making vehicles more environmentally friendly that the implementation of road-use pricing will have Various pilot studies, initiatives and projects will lead to major environmental benefits. This levy will apply to cleaner mobility during the years to come. First of all, the heavy commercial vehicles in 2011 and a year later to existing means of transport in the city will be made more passenger cars. The aim is not to tax the possession sustainable. This means more electric scooters, tuktuks of a vehicle, but the use of a vehicle, and thereby to and tour boats operating on hydrogen. discourage its use. In addition, there are proposals to replace the private motor vehicle tax with a CO2 tax. Beginning in 2009, CityCargo will be operating a goods This taxation would promote the purchase of new, ef- tram. The municipality is consulting with TCA about the ficient and low-emission passenger cars. possibilities of using cleaner taxis to reduce air pollution

and CO2 emissions. Amsterdam The Action Plan for Goods Transport and the Priority Waternet recently began generating biogas from waste- for a Healthy City programme have the objective of water treatment plants to supply green fuel for the muni- improving the air quality in Amsterdam. Some of the cipal vehicle fleet. Over the longer term, Waternet aims measures that restrict the emissions of particulate mat- to convert the biogas into hydrogen. ter and nitrogen dioxide also lead to a reduction in

CO2 emissions. The aim of the Action Plan for Goods Electrical transport on the path to hydrogen Transport is to reduce the emissions of heavy commer- Hydrogen is a ‘third wave’ solution, a fuel for the long cial vehicles by 15%. An environmental zone for such term. As an interim step on the path to hydrogen, heavy vehicles will restrict the most polluting ones. Amsterdam wants to promote electrical transport. The implementation of the quality network for goods Electrical vehicles have zero emissions; this is good transport and promoting other forms of goods trans- for the air quality and therefore good for the health of

41 New Amsterdam Climate

the residents. Electrical transport has many similarities with hydrogen transport. Back from the future Various local and European measures have not only Both are driven by an electrical motor, in the first case resulted in cleaner transport, but also in a reduction in with a battery and in the second case with a fuel cell. individual automobile use.

The developments in this area moving fast. More and Boats and trams have become serious competitors more manufacturers are producing an electrical or hy- for trucks. The city has again become accessible. brid vehicle for the market. In addition,2000 electrical vans and trucks are going to be driving through the city. The only vehicles and vessels that still operate in the Amsterdam of 2025 are those which do not harm And on the canals, there are more and more electri- the climate or people’s lungs. Hydrogen is the motor cally powered pleasure boats. Electrical scooters can of Amsterdam. Half of the intercity transport has be recharged in the parking stalls.1500 As a result, the a fuel cell on board. Cleaner air and a spectacular street landscape is going to soon become quieter and reduction in CO2 emissions are the rewards for such cleaner. technological daring. Boats, buses and cars have hydrogen filling stations to choose from. Goods Climate benefits from action plans for transport and people both benefit. healthy city air 1000 The knowledge economy, innovative business and Fewer vehicles sustainable development feed on hydrogen. As the municipal parking policy becomes more stringent, and mobility becomes more expensive, Amsterdam is the European leader. more people will start sharing a car. Greenwheels, Wheels4All, Connect-Car en Mobility Mixx have alrea- dy discovered this opportunity. It is known that people who share cars drive 30 to 50% less than car owners.

Waterways as blue carpets

As a node in the water transport network, the water- CO2 emissions from traffic and transport ways of Amsterdam offer more transport possibilities 2000 that are currently being used. City District Centrum wants to improve accessibility by utilising these pos- kt/year sibilities.

It plans to encourage and facilitate market parties with a network of public docking facilities and quays. Cooperation between the municipality and hotels, 1500 museums, cafés and restaurants and tour boat opera- tors appears to be an obvious step. One initiative that is outstandingly compatible with the plans is Mokum Mariteam, a framework of cooperation of interested organisations that focuses on the transport of goods and the removal of waste using environmentally friendly vessels on the canals of the inner city. 1000 2006 2025

42 Transport

43 New Amsterdam Climate

Important role for hydrogen

Three Amsterdam city buses are already operating on hydrogen. In hybrid cars, the use of hydrogen improves the efficiency of the motor; and the first Amster- dam hydrogen boat is waiting to be christened.

Amsterdam is betting on hydrogen, and for that mat- reduces local emissions of particulate matter and ni- ter is in good company, because globally the automo- trogen oxides, which benefits urban air quality. In this bile industry, large oil companies, energy companies way, investing in hydrogen is valuable in the battle and governments see an important role for hydrogen against emissions of CO2, particulate matter and nitro- on the way to a sustainable society. Hydrogen is es- gen oxides. sentially only an ‘energy carrier’. It must be produced The biggest obstacle for a broad application of hydro- by using energy. But as an energy carrier, it is an ideal gen is currently the infrastructure for this fuel and the fuel. The reaction with oxygen in a combustion motor related demand. Without a good distribution system, or fuel cell results in water as the only waste product. there will be no demand, and the reverse. This requi- So this is good news for the air quality of the city. res frameworks of cooperation and broad coalitions of And as an energy carrier, hydrogen can form the ideal private parties who want to play a role in the transition link between phases such as the combustion motor to a hydrogen economy. and sustainable energy sources such as photovoltaic solar panels and wind turbines. These sustainable A leader with hydrogen sources generate the energy that is required to pro- Due to the characteristics of Amsterdam, with a com- duce hydrogen. pact city centre and a dense traffic network, there are Even if there is too little sustainable energy available unique opportunities for goods distribution and public at this time for large-scale, sustainable hydrogen pro- transport operating on hydrogen. In this process, Am- duction, by working on a hydrogen economy we are sterdam can build upon experience with fuel cell buses establishing the infrastructure for a very sustainable and a light truck operating on hydrogen, and on ex- future. And, of course, every application of hydrogen perience that will soon be acquired with the tour boat

44 Transport

that operates on hydrogen. These experiences can help Fuel consumption in Europe launch the transition to large-scale application, whereby development until 2050 the city will become a logical location to establish busi- millions of vehicles nesses with new hydrogen applications. 300 By actively working with hydrogen, Amsterdam and the Netherlands as a whole can acquire a position as one of the leaders of the hydrogen world. 250 To achieve this objective for Amsterdam, intensive coo- peration between a wide range of parties – local, natio- nal and international – is required, including producers, 200 distributors, governmental bodies and end-users. At the local level, a start can be made with a coalition of 150 public and private parties. A broadly supported vision of the future with many applications in the city will serve as a blueprint for a business case. In this business case, 100 the vision will be converted into a plan of approach for rolling out the hydrogen economy in the city. Amsterdam wants to play a leading role in a national 50 hydrogen programme. To this end, in several years a close framework of cooperation will be established with other urban regions (such as Rotterdam, Arnhem and 0 2000 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 Eindhoven). In this framework of cooperation, Amster- dam will take the role of leader and will be a test site Diesel for large-scale transport applications. Petrol Amsterdam heads the coalition for Biofuels acquiring an international leading position CNG in hydrogen LPG

Electricity water > hydrogen > water Hydrogen in fuel cell vehicle During the combustion of hydrogen (in a special com- bustion motor, comparable to a motor that operates on LPG) the process is reversed. During the combus- tion process, hydrogen reacts with oxygen to create energy (heat) and pure water. A similar reaction occurs in a hydrogen fuel cell, but in this case the reaction generates electricity that can drive an electric motor. H2 from solar, wind and second-generation biomass Sustaina- ble H2 Process & Partners Reforming with CCS and AirProducts, Automobiliteit I.O, DMB, Ecofys, Minis- production from biogas Green Fossil try of Economic Affairs, Municipality of Amsterdam, FuelCellBoat, GVB, Port of Amsterdam, Hytruck, Fossil hydrogen Natural gas reforming,

ICON Publishers and Phaff, Chamber of Commerce, Quantity central and decentral Nedstack, NewEnergy-Docks, ORAM, City Hall, City Local Production Local electrolysis with District Noord, Stadsregio Amsterdam, Waternet. ‘green electricity’

45 Sustainable mooring

46 Port of Amsterdam

The Port of Amsterdam is committed to sustainable development, as shown in its strategic plan (Havenvisie 2008-2020). This means that wind energy and thermal storage will be expanded, business clusters will benefit optimally from waste streams and sustainable biomass will be introduced as a motor for business. Road transport must be replaced where possible by rail and water transport. And of course, the Port of Amsterdam will critically examine its own operational management to reduce CO2 emissions.

The first wave (2008 to 2010) the Greenmills company. This innovative company pro- The first wave of sustainability that passes over the Port duces biodiesel, bioethanol, compost and green electri- of Amsterdam will bring cleaner transport and a shift to city. Greenmills operates as a closed system, where the cleaner energy, among other things. residual heat that is generated during the fermentation and composting process is used for the rendering plant. Cleaner transport The Westpoortbus operates on biodiesel produced by Since 2003, the Westpoort Bus has been operating in Greenmills. The Port of Amsterdam aims to take a lea- the Port of Amsterdam; this is a private initiative for ding position in the blending and distribution of ‘green’ collective transport. Every day, between 500 and 600 fuels. port workers take the bus instead of their cars. Nearly two-thirds of the containers from ocean vessels are Amsterdam: homeport of energy transported during the next phase via rail or inland waterways. With better transport links, this share can Port of Amsterdam Fund be increased even further, thereby reducing the use of Businesses that want to make sustainable, innovative more polluting road transport. One innovative example investments that exceed their direct commercial needs, is the AMSbarge, a specially designed ship for inland or which exceed the applicable legal requirements, can waterways with its own heavy container crane that pro- apply for financing to a Port of Amsterdam Fund (Ha- vides a daily pickup and delivery service for companies venfonds), in formation. on or near the waterways. A second ship is now on order. The Port of Amsterdam organisation uses hybrid To measure is to know cars. The CO2 emissions of business trips on aeroplanes The Environmental Policy Plan 2008-2012 calls for a are compensated with the restoration of 30,000 ha of baseline measurement of the CO2 emissions of West- forest in Malaysia. This region in Malaysia is certified by poort and the Port of Amsterdam. This measurement is the Forest Stewardship Council (FSC). necessary to map out the effects of later CO2 reduction measures. Another useful study concerns the possibili- Three waves that will bring the Port of ties for providing electricity to moored ocean shipping Amsterdam to a sustainable future! vessels, thermal storage for offices and distribution

centres, and CO2 capture, storage and reuse in the port Source of energy area. The Port of Amsterdam also wants to further opti- At the end of 2008, wind turbines with a capacity of mise the transport connections to the hinterland. 65 megawatts will be installed at Westpoort, which is enough to supply 40,000 households with clean elec- The second wave (2010 to 2020) tricity. Moreover the Energy & Waste Company (AEB), After 2010, the Port of Amsterdam will commit itself which generates electricity from waste, is also located to the development of sustainable business clusters in at Port of Amsterdam. In the years to come, the district which products such as heat, electricity and CO2 will be heating grid, which AEB supplies with its residual heat, used (or reused) by the businesses. The Port of Amster- will be expanded so that other businesses in Westpoort dam holds a strong position on the energy market and can also supply their residual heat to the grid. has a great deal of expertise in this area. The applica- In April 2008, construction began on the new facility for tion of more sustainable energy is therefore a logical

47 New Amsterdam Climate

step. This philosophy is compatible with businesses that The Port in figures focus, for example, on hydrogen, sustainable biomass, Important goods that are transported through algae production and wind energy. the Port of Amsterdam include coal, oil, grain, soya, animal feed, cocoa, sand, gravel and ores. The third wave (2020 and beyond) In addition, the container sector is growing and Thanks to the first and second wave, in 2020 the Port Amsterdam holds a strong position in the pleasure of Amsterdam will be a sustainable port in which CO 2 cruise sector. Due to this diversity, the Port is less emissions are minimised, sustainable energy is genera- susceptible to fluctuations in the business cycle. ted and cycles are closed whenever possible. The Port of Amsterdam covers an area of 2,553 ha. It has more than 900 businesses and total Taking CO2 to the sea goods transhipments of 65 million tonnes. Every Rotterdam aims to store CO in an empty gas 2 year, 5,600 seagoing vessels moor at the Port field in the North Sea. For Amsterdam, this is also (figures from 2007). a possibility. The Climate Office commissioned an exploratory study concerning the possibilities of carbon capture and storage (CCS). The most important conclusions are the following. Between

2010 and 2012, companies that emit pure CO2 (Category 1) can be connected the capture system because the capture costs are low. When the AEB qualifies for the Emissions Trading System, it will also be financially possible for this company to join the CCS scheme. At the point when about €40 has to be paid per tonne of emitted CO2 in the Emission Trading System, CCS will also become a serious option for Category 2 businesses, for which the capture costs are somewhat higher. This could mean that between 2012 and 2020, businesses from this category would be connected to the CO2 network. However, for the majority of the businesses (Category 3), this will still not be an option at this point in time. Amsterdam continues to track the developments.

I: 0.7 Mt

II: 1.6 Mt III: 3.8 Mt

660 kilowatt

3 megawatt

48 Port of Amsterdam

Process & Partners Back from the future To achieve the ambitions from the strategic plan, In 2025, the Port of Amsterdam has become an in- good cooperation with partners in the Amsterdam ternational node in a clean transport network over region is a precondition. The Port of Amsterdam land and on the river IJ. On the wharves, businesses is consulting with the businesses in the port area use sustainable energy wherever possible or they

to encourage and facilitate the reduction of CO2 obtain energy from their neighbours who have a emissions. Specifically, the cooperation with ORAM, surplus. the Chamber of Commerce, New Energy Docks and the Climate Office is being intensified in order to realise the Amsterdam climate objective.

Overview of wind turbine locations

49 Learning environment for climate

50 Education

The education sector comprises a large group of Amsterdam residents: students, pupils, parents and teachers. In this way, education provides the opportunity to inform a large group of people about the climate issue and about the possibi- lities to contribute to the solution themselves. Addressing this theme becomes even more ‘natural’ if the school accommodations are also critically examined: the large number of educational buildings offer many possibilities for improve- ment, where both energy savings and an improved indoor climate are within reach.

Primary education vation programme. The experience in Westerpark will Amsterdam has 190 primary schools and 28 schools cause a snowball effect in the rest of the city. While for special primary education where approximately the buildings are being improved, the primary schools 60,000 pupils are given lessons every day. In total, will be encouraged to anchor the themes of climate, these schools own nearly 300 buildings and 170 gym- energy and sustainability in the lesson programme. nasiums. Based on the condition of many of these buildings and their technical installations, and conside- Within a few years, (before 2010), the primary schools ring the possibilities to manage energy and behaviour, De Bron, Westerparkschool and Dr. Rijk Kramerschool it is absolutely clear that the consumption of gas and will have a both healthy indoor climate and an out- electricity can be reduced. standing energy performance. During this period, the other schools in Westerpark City District Westerpark is conducting a pilot project will implement measures that can be realised quickly, that allows the schools to largely delegate the impro- such as fine-tuning the central heating system. The vements to their buildings and that also introduces multiyear plan also stipulates when the buildings will climate education. be renovated for energy savings and when the indoor climate will be improved. The school administrations in All school administrations in the City District Wester- Westerpark will publicise their good experiences and park are supporting the pilot. A unique aspect is the in this way create support in the rest of the city. financing construction for the integrated package of measures for energy savings and improving the indoor All primary schools in the City District environment. Westerpark support the pilot project for The approach that ultimately emerges from the pilot building improvement and climate project will become the standard for a multiyear reno- education.

Higher education Dick Jansen VU University, the University of Amsterdam, Amster- Alderman for Education, City District Westerpark dam University of Applied Sciences, InHolland, Am- ‘The indoor climate at primary schools is poor, sterdam Regional Community College and Amarantis and at many schools up to 40% can be saved on provide education to more than 150,000 students in

energy. Therefore, Westerpark is committed to approximately 180 buildings. The CO2 emission of improving its primary schools. This is good for the these institutions amounts to 2.5% of the total for learning performance of the pupils, leads to less Amsterdam. We are going to change this situation. sickness and absenteeism and is of course also These parties endorse the climate of objective of the good for the climate. Municipality of Amsterdam and want to contribute to

the reduction of urban CO2 emissions.

51 New Amsterdam Climate

As part of multiyear agreements, several higher edu- cation institutions have already committed themselves to a minimum of 2% energy savings per year. In con- nection with the above, agreements have been made about energy savings in the buildings (existing and new construction) and involving students in the cli- mate objectives.

The municipality and various parties in higher education share a far-reaching cli- mate objective

Towards 2010 In 2010, the institutions for higher education will have formulated energy savings plans that are more ambitious than the multiyear agreements. Every four years, these plans will be renewed with new climate initiatives. Every year, it will be determined whether the interim results are sufficient for achieving the ul- timate targets. At the very least, large-scale energy savings measures will be implemented that can pay for themselves within five years. All institutions will have switched to green electricity. Sustainability will be the basic principle for the operational management and new construction plans for the institutions.

CO2 emissions related to education Back from the future 100 In 2025 the Westerpark model has lead to healthy, energy-efficient primary schools throughout the

kt/year city. 150 Due to the improved indoor climate, the learning performance of the pupils has increased and the absenteeism among pupils and teachers has declined. The improvements have also resulted in 100 energy savings of 30 to 40%. Climate, energy and Total sustainability have become permanent aspects in higher the lesson programmes in primary education. education In higher education, due to a collective effort

50 and a great deal of knowledge transfer, a CO2 reduction of 40% has been achieved. All students are now aware of the climate issue and are primary education personally involved in reducing CO emissions. 0 2 2004 2025

52 Education

Process & Partners For the Education subprogramme, the Climate Office has decided to focus the first phase on primary education and higher education. Secondary education will be approached at a later stage to work out a subprogramme. For primary education, the Climate Office invited the City District Westerpark to participate. After the school administrations unanimously agreed with this request, the staff of the City District and the school administrations proceeded to work out the details for the pilot project. In the approach to higher education, the most important six institutions were first defined, followed by consultation at the management level (between the Climate Office and the institutions). After this or in parallel, the ambitions for each institution were formulated, which involved the project leader for the education sector from the Climate Office and staff from the institution.

Partners: Primary education: Westerpark primary schools . Higher education: VU University, the University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam University of Applied Sciences, InHolland, Amsterdam Regional Community College and Amarantis

‘Youth on Stage’ Switch Now With the project Switch Now, well known Dutch rapper Ali B is offering young people in the Netherlands an opportunity to give a performance on the climate issue. The Municipality of Amsterdam believes it is important to also involve young people in this issue and has therefore provided funding for the debates in cooperation with HIER. Ali B: ‘Climate also affects young people. They have to face the consequences themselves, or to put it even more strongly, young people in developing countries already have to deal with more extreme weather. I have noticed that this topic is very important to young people. Therefore, together with the young people, I want to appeal to everyone in the Netherlands to do something now about the climate problem, starting with HIER at school.’

53 New Amsterdam Climate

Agreements and plans

VU University

will commit itself to the intended CO2 reduction for the period 2009 2012 in an energy efficiency plan (EEP) as part of its climate activities, the university will study the possibilities of involving students in an energy campaign, to be organised in cooperation with the Climate Office with new construction, sustainability is one of the basic principles in the design in its current accommodations, the university will apply energy savings measures that pay for themselves quickly.

University of Amsterdam

will commit itself to the intended CO2 reduction for the period 2009–2012 in an energy efficiency plan (EEP); will study the possibility of generating sustainable energy at the Science Park; will obtain purchased electricity from hydroelectric plants in Norway; students – and indirectly their parents – will be involved in implementing climate activities (research, field trips, education, work placement, campaigns).

Amsterdam University of Applied Sciences will take energy savings measures for technical installations and computer use; is already purchasing 25% green electricity; has included a sustainability section in the Planning Brief for the Amstel campus students – and indirectly their parents – will be involved in implementing climate activities (research, field trips, education, work placement, campaigns).

InHolland in 2012 the institution will trade two Amsterdam locations for a new building at the Zuidas, in cooperation with the VU. Sustainability will be the basic principle in this process.

ROC Amsterdam has an ambitious policy for energy, indoor climate and health, materials, water and sustainability. Existing buildings: energy-saving measures will be implemented which pay for themselves within 10 years; New construction: regarding energy performance, the requirements are 30% more stringent than the legal norm.

Amarantis following a merger, the energy use in buildings is again mapped out; implements energy management and installs submeters to pinpoint energy use; formulates an energy savings plan and uses every natural opportunity to take energy savings measures; realises sustainable new construction and sets an example with an energy neutral school in Amsterdam Noord.

54 New Amsterdam Climate Met energie aan de slag

Credits

New Amsterdam Climate is a publication of the Amsterdam Climate Office

Editing and production Maurits Groen Milieu & Communicatie Haarlem

Translation v.o.f. Frink Communications Millingen a/d Rijn

Design Tekst in Vorm Haarlem

Printing Nefli Haarlem

Photographs and images page 1 Martijn Mulder/ Municipality of Amsterdam page 14 Martijn Mulder page 28 Far West page 32/34 Marqt page 36 Getronics-Pinkroccade page 44 René van den Burg

Address Weesperplein 4 P.O. Box 922 1000 AX Amsterdam

Contact 020-5513833 [email protected] www.nieuwamsterdamsklimaat.nl

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