Effects of Diluted Bitumen on Crude Oil Transmission Pipelines

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Effects of Diluted Bitumen on Crude Oil Transmission Pipelines TRB Special Report 311: Effects of Diluted Bitumen on Crude Oil Transmission Pipelines Special Report 311 Report Special Transportation Research Board Effects of Diluted Bitumen on Crude Oil Transmission Pipelines Special Report 311 Bitumen is a dense and viscous form of petroleum that will flow through unheated pipe- lines only when diluted with lighter oils. The source of the bitumen processed in North American refineries is the oil andss region of Alberta, Canada. Legislation enacted in January 2012 called on the U.S. Department of Transportation to determine whether shipments of diluted bitumen increase the likelihood of releases from transmission pipelines as compared with shipments of other crude oils. This report examines whether shipments of diluted bitumen have chemical and physi- Effects of Diluted Bitumen on Crude Oil Transmission Pipelines Effects on Crude Oil Transmission of Diluted Bitumen cal properties that would make pipelines more susceptible to failure. Data on reported causes of pipeline failures are analyzed along with the potential for pipelines transport- ing diluted bitumen to experience more corrosion, cracking, and mechanical damage that can lead to releases. The committee that developed the report did not find any causes of pipeline failure unique to the transportation of diluted bitumen. Furthermore, it did not find evidence that diluted bitumen had properties that are outside the range of those of other crude oils or any other aspect of the transportation of diluted bitumen by pipeline that would make it more likely than other crude oils to cause releases. also of interest: Macondo Well–Deepwater Horizon Blowout: Lessons for Improving Offshore Drilling Safety National Academies Press, ISBN 978-0-309-22138-2, 196 pages, 6 x 9, paperback, 2011, $47.00 Policy Options for Reducing Energy Use and Greenhouse Gas Emissions from U.S. Transportation TRB Special Report 307, ISBN 978-0-309-16742-0, 208 pages, 6 x 9, paperback, 2011, $38.00 Effects of Diluted Bitumen Hidden Costs of Energy: Unpriced Consequences of Energy Production and Use National Academies Press, ISBN 978-0-309-14640-1, 506 pages, 6 x 9, paperback, 2010, $47.00 Risk of Vessel Accidents and Spills in the Aleutian Islands: Designing a Comprehensive Risk on Crude Oil Transmission Pipelines Assessment TRB Special Report 293, ISBN 978-0-309-11332-8, 225 pages, 6 x 9, paperback, 2008, $36.00 Oil Spill Dispersants: Efficacy and Effects National Academies Press, ISBN 978-0-309-09562-4, 400 pages, 6 x 9, paperback, 2005, $55.00 Transmission Pipelines and Land Use: A Risk-Informed Approach TRB Special Report 281, ISBN 0-309-09455-0, 122 pages, 6 x 9, paperback, 2004, $23.00 Oil in the Sea III: Inputs, Fates, and Effects National Academies Press, ISBN 978-0-309-08438-3, 280 pages, 8.5 x 11, paperback, 2003, $54.95 ISBN 978-0-309-28675-6 9 0 0 0 0 9 780309 286756 Copyright National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. TRB Special Report 311: Effects of Diluted Bitumen on Crude Oil Transmission Pipelines transportation research board special report 311 Effects of Diluted Bitumen on Crude Oil Transmission Pipelines Committee for a Study of Pipeline Transportation of Diluted Bitumen Transportation Research Board Board on Energy and Environmental Systems Board on Chemical Sciences and Technology Transportation Research Board Washington, D.C. 2013 www.TRB.org Copyright National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. TRB Special Report 311: Effects of Diluted Bitumen on Crude Oil Transmission Pipelines Transportation Research Board Special Report 311 Subscriber Categories Energy; freight transportation; pipelines; policy; terminals and facilities Transportation Research Board publications are available by ordering individual publications directly from the TRB Business Office, through the Internet at www.TRB.org or national-academies.org/trb, or by annual subscription through organizational or individual affiliation with TRB. Affiliates and library subscribers are eligible for substantial discounts. For further information, contact the Transportation Research Board Business Office, 500 Fifth Street, NW, Washington, DC 20001 (telephone 202-334- 3213; fax 202-334-2519; or e-mail [email protected]). Copyright 2013 by the National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America. NOTICE: The project that is the subject of this report was approved by the Governing Board of the National Research Council, whose members are drawn from the councils of the National Academy of Sciences, the National Academy of Engineering, and the Institute of Medicine. The members of the committee respon- sible for the report were chosen for their special competencies and with regard for appropriate balance. This report has been reviewed by a group other than the authors according to the procedures approved by a Report Review Committee consisting of members of the National Academy of Sciences, the National Academy of Engineering, and the Institute of Medicine. This report was sponsored by the Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration of the U.S. Department of Transportation. Cover and interior design by Beth Schlenoff, Beth Schlenoff Design Cover photos copyright © TransCanada Corporation. All rights reserved. Typesetting by Circle Graphics, Inc. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Effects of diluted bitumen on crude oil transmission pipelines/Committee for a Study of Pipeline Transportation of Diluted Bitumen, Transportation Research Board, Board on Energy and Environ- mental Systems, Board on Chemical Sciences and Technology. pages cm—(Special report/Transportation Research Board ; 311) Summary: “Effects of Diluted Bitumen on Crude Oil Transmission Pipelines TRB Special Report 311: Effects of Diluted Bitumen on Crude Oil Transmission Pipelines analyzes whether shipments of diluted bitumen have a greater likelihood of release from pipelines than shipments of other crude oils. The oil sands region of Canada is the source of diluted bitumen shipped by pipeline to the United States. The committee that produced the report did not find any pipeline failures unique to the transportation of diluted bitumen or evidence of physical or chem- ical properties of diluted bitumen shipments that are outside the range of those of other crude oil shipments. The committee’s comprehensive review did not find evidence of any specific aspect of the transportation of diluted bitumen that would make it more likely than other crude oils to cause pipelines releases”—Provided by publisher. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-0-309-28675-6 (alk. paper) 1. Petroleum pipelines. 2. Bitumen—Transportation. I. National Research Council (U.S.). Committee for a Study of Pipeline Transportation of Diluted Bitumen. II. National Reseach Council (U.S.). Board on Energy and Environmental System. III. National Research Council (U.S.). Board on Chemical Sciences and Technology. IV. Series: Special report (National Research Council (U.S.). Transportation Research Board) ; 311. TN879.5.E32 2013 665.5'44—dc23 2013029097 Copyright National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. TRB Special Report 311: Effects of Diluted Bitumen on Crude Oil Transmission Pipelines The National Academy of Sciences is a private, nonprofit, self-perpetuating society of distinguished scholars engaged in scientific and engineering research, dedicated to the furtherance of science and technology and to their use for the general welfare. On the authority of the charter granted to it by the Congress in 1863, the Academy has a mandate that requires it to advise the federal government on scientific and technical matters. Dr. Ralph J. Cicerone is president of the National Academy of Sciences. The National Academy of Engineering was established in 1964, under the charter of the National Academy of Sciences, as a parallel organization of outstanding engineers. It is autonomous in its administration and in the selection of its members, sharing with the National Academy of Sciences the responsibility for advising the federal government. The National Academy of Engineering also sponsors engineering programs aimed at meeting national needs, encourages education and research, and recognizes the superior achievements of engineers. Dr. C. D. (Dan) Mote, Jr., is president of the National Acad- emy of Engineering. The Institute of Medicine was established in 1970 by the National Academy of Sciences to secure the services of eminent members of appropriate professions in the examina- tion of policy matters pertaining to the health of the public. The Institute acts under the responsibility given to the National Academy of Sciences by its congressional charter to be an adviser to the federal government and, on its own initiative, to identify issues of medical care, research, and education. Dr. Harvey V. Fineberg is president of the Insti- tute of Medicine. The National Research Council was organized by the National Academy of Sciences in 1916 to associate the broad community of science and technology with the Acad- emy’s purposes of furthering knowledge and advising the federal government. Func- tioning in accordance with general policies determined by the Academy, the Council has become the principal operating agency of both the National Academy of Sciences and the National Academy of Engineering in providing services to the government, the pub- lic, and the scientific and engineering communities. The Council is administered jointly by both Academies and the Institute of Medicine.
Recommended publications
  • Keystone Pipeline System Keystone Pipeline System
    Keystone Pipeline System Keystone Pipeline System Keystone Pipeline System An innovative and cost-competitive solution to a growing North American demand for energy, the Keystone Pipeline System will link a reliable and stable source of Canadian crude oil with U.S. demand. Upon completion, the Keystone Pipeline System will be comprised of the 2,151- mile (3,461-kilometre) Keystone Pipeline and the proposed 1,661-mile (2,673-kilometre) Keystone Gulf Coast Expansion Project (Keystone XL). TransCanada affiliates will build and operate the Keystone Pipeline System in four phases. Keystone Pipeline (Phase I) Originating at Hardisty, Alta., Keystone Phase I transports crude oil to U.S. Midwest markets at Wood River and Patoka, Ill. Keystone Phase I began commercial operation in June 2010. The Canadian portion of Keystone Phase I involved the conversion of approximately 537 miles (864 kilometres) of existing TransCanada pipeline in Saskatchewan and Manitoba from natural gas to crude oil transmission service. Along with the construction of 16 pump stations Edmonton and approximately 232 miles (373 kilometres) of new pipeline in Canada, new facilities were also required Hardisty Alberta at the Keystone Hardisty Terminal, including: three Saskatchewan operational storage tanks, an initiating pump station, Calgary Regina Manitoba and interconnections with existing pipeline systems in the Winnipeg Ontario Hardisty area. The U.S. portion of the Keystone Pipeline included the North Dakota Helena construction of 1,084 miles (1,744 kilometres) of new, 30- Bismarck Minnesota inch diameter pipeline and 23 pump stations throughout Montana North Dakota, South Dakota, Kansas, Missouri, and Illinois. Pierre Wisconsin Michigan South Dakota Wyoming Keystone Cushing Extension (Phase II) Iowa Chicago Measuring approximately 298 miles (480 kilometres) in Nebraska length,Ohio Keystone Phase II is an extension of Keystone Phase Lincoln Illinois Indiana I from Steele City, Neb., to Cushing, Okla.
    [Show full text]
  • Regulation of Access to Oil Pipelines 777
    REGULATION OF ACCESS TO OIL PIPELINES 777 THE NATIONAL ENERGY BOARD: REGULATION OF ACCESS TO OIL PIPELINES JENNIFER HOCKING* In the past few years, a number of long-distance oil pipelines have been proposed in Canada — Northern Gateway, the Trans Mountain Expansion, Keystone, and the Energy East Project. This article describes the criteria used by the National Energy Board in approving the allocation of capacity in oil pipelines to firm service contracts while requiring that a reasonable percentage of capacity is allocated for uncommitted volumes (common carriage). It explains the economic theory related to regulation of access to major oil pipelines. It reviews and analyzes relevant NEB decisions, which show that the NEB supports well- functioning competitive markets, but will exercise its discretion to resolve complaints where markets are not functioning properly. The article also explains the economic significance of the proposed long-distance oil pipelines to Canada and Alberta despite the current low price of crude oil. The article concludes with recommendations for a written NEB policy regarding access to capacity in oil pipelines. TABLE OF CONTENTS I. SIGNIFICANCE OF PROPOSED OIL PIPELINES TO THE CANADIAN ECONOMY ................................. 778 A. PIPELINES NEEDED DESPITE LOW PRICE OF OIL ............... 780 B. SHIPPING OF OIL BY RAIL ................................ 781 II. OIL PIPELINES AS COMMON CARRIERS ........................... 781 A. THE NATURE OF COMMON CARRIERS ....................... 781 B. COMMON CARRIAGE OBLIGATION SUBJECT TO REASONABLENESS TEST ............................... 783 C. WHY WERE OIL PIPELINES ORIGINALLY DESIGNATED AS COMMON CARRIERS? ................................. 784 III. MAJOR LONG-DISTANCE OIL PIPELINES TODAY ................... 785 A. ENBRIDGE PIPELINES .................................... 786 B. TRANS MOUNTAIN PIPELINE .............................. 787 C. SPECTRA ENERGY EXPRESS-PLATTE .......................
    [Show full text]
  • Characteristics of Oil Sands Products
    CHARACTERISTICS OF OIL SANDS PRODUCTS Heather D. Dettman Center for Spills in the Environment Oil Sands Products Training Portland, Maine December 4 & 5, 2012 2 Simplified —Oil Sands to Motor“ Value Chain Tailings Pipeline Transport Desalter Extraction Mining Pipeline Terminal Distillation W ater/Solids Primary Upgrading Removal Coking or Residue Performed at Upgraders DiluentAddition Hydrocracking Performed at Refineries In Situ Production Secondary Upgrading May be needed in future Catalytic Processing (Hydrogen) Refining Catalytic Processing (Hydrogen) Gasoline Diesel 3 Pipeline Definitions Transm ission Tailings Pipeline Transport Desalter Extraction Mining Pipeline Terminal Distillation Feeder W ater/Solids Primary Upgrading Removal Coking or Residue Performed at Upgraders DiluentAddition Hydrocracking Gathering Performed at Refineries In Situ Production Secondary Upgrading May be needed in future Catalytic Processing (Hydrogen) http://www.cepa.com /about-pipelines/types-of-pipelines Refining Catalytic Processing (Hydrogen) Gasoline Diesel 4 0hat Is Bitumen? ° Bitumen is the —extra heavy“ crude oil that remains after the biodegradation of oil in Northern Alberta ° Initial boiling point is 204°C/399.2°F ° Approximately 50wt% of the oil boils at temperatures below 524°C/975.2°F ° Biodegradation has resulted in organic acids being left behind in the oil ° Total acid number (TAN) is 3mg KOH/g which corresponds to an organic acid content of 3wt% in the oil ° Organic acid species in bitumen are relatively large molecules with 70wt% boiling
    [Show full text]
  • An Assessment of the Economic and Competitive Attributes of Oil and Natural Gas Development in Québec
    Study No. 154 November 2015 CANADIAN AN ASSESSMENT OF THE ECONOMIC AND ENERGY COMPETITIVE ATTRIBUTES OF OIL AND RESEARCH ATURAL AS EVELOPMENT IN UÉBEC INSTITUTE N G D Q Canadian Energy Research Institute | Relevant • Independent • Objective AN ASSESSMENT OF THE ECONOMIC AND COMPETITIVE ATTRIBUTES OF OIL AND NATURAL GAS DEVELOPMENT IN QUÉBEC An Assessment of the Economic and Competitive Attributes of Oil and Natural Gas Development in Québec Authors: Jon Rozhon Paul Kralovic* ISBN 1-927037-38-6 Copyright © Canadian Energy Research Institute, 2015 Sections of this study may be reproduced in magazines and newspapers with acknowledgement to the Canadian Energy Research Institute November 2015 Printed in Canada Front Photo Courtesy of istockphoto.com Acknowledgements: The authors of this report would like to extend their thanks and sincere gratitude to all CERI staff that provided insightful comments and essential data inputs required for the completion of this report, as well as those involved in the production, reviewing, and editing of the material, including but not limited to Allan Fogwill and Megan Murphy *Paul Kralovic is Director of Calgary-based Frontline Economics Inc. ABOUT THE CANADIAN ENERGY RESEARCH INSTITUTE The Canadian Energy Research Institute is an independent, not-for-profit research establishment created through a partnership of industry, academia, and government in 1975. Our mission is to provide relevant, independent, objective economic research in energy and environmental issues to benefit business, government, academia
    [Show full text]
  • Petroleum History Society Oil Sands Oral History
    Ch F-X ang PD e -1- w Click to buy NOW! w m o w c .d k. ocu-trac PETROLEUM HISTORY SOCIETY OIL SANDS ORAL HISTORY PROJECT TRANSCRIPT MARY CLARK SHEPPARD, DAUGHTER OF KARL ADOLPH CLARK, THE SCIENTIST WHO DEVELOPED THE HOT-WATER RECOVERY TECHNOLOGY FOR EXTRACTION OF THE OIL FROM THE ALBERTA OIL SANDS. AUTHOR OF OIL SANDS SCIENTIST: THE LETTERS OF KARL A. CLARK: 1920-1949 AND ATHABASCA OIL SANDS: FROM LABORATORY TO PRODUCTION – THE LETTERS OF KARL A. CLARK, 1950-66. Date and place of birth: Edmonton, Alberta – January 29, 1927 Date and place of interview: 10:45 a.m., May 23, 2011.in Mrs. Sheppard’s home at 905, 10135 Saskatchewan Drive Edmonton, AB Tel. 780-439-1690 110 Causeway Head Road Sheffield S17 3DW England Name of Interviewer: Adriana A. Davies, CM, PHD Name of Videographer: David Bates Consent form signed: Yes Initials of Interviewer: AAD Last name of subject: SHEPPARD AD: Mary is the third child of four born to Karl and Dora Clark. She attended the University of Alberta from 1946 to 1949 in a general Arts program. She then went to Toronto to attend the Royal Conservatory of Music, but her studies were cut short by her mother’s illness. Eventually, she ended up working for about ten years in the 1950s in the conventional oil industry. Sponsors of The Oil Sands Oral History Project include the Alberta Historical Resources Foundation, Athabasca Oil Sands Corp., Canadian Natural Resources Limited, Canadian Oil Sands Limited, Connacher Oil and Gas Limited, Imperial Oil Limited, MEG Energy Corp., Nexen Inc., Suncor Energy and Syncrude Canada.
    [Show full text]
  • Toolkit: When Transcanada Comes Knocking: Living Along The
    When TransCanada Comes Knocking: Living along the proposed Energy East pipeline path Cover Photo “Morning Mist in New Brunswick” by Jamie McCaffrey via Flickr, CC by 2.0 When TransCanada Comes Knocking: Living along the proposed Energy East pipeline path is published under the Creative Commons Licence Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0. When TransCanada Comes Knocking: Living along the proposed Energy East pipeline path Table of Contents Introduction ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 4 TransCanada wants to build the Energy East pipeline on your property� What does this mean for you? ���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 4 TransCanada says they can find a leak quickly and will respond swiftly �������������������������������������������� 6 • TransCanada land agents have presented us with an easement agreement� Do I need to sign it? ���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 6 • Can TransCanada expropriate my land? ���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 7 • Does signing an easement agreement mean I support the Energy East project? ������������������������� 8 • What would be included in an easement agreement? ����������������������������������������������������������������� 8 • If the pipeline is decommissioned will it be removed from my property?
    [Show full text]
  • Suncor Energy – Financial Results Call Transcript 2018 Q3
    Suncor Energy Third Quarter 2018 Financial Results Call Suncor Third Quarter 2018 Financial Results Call Thursday, 1st November 2018 Thursday, 1st November 2018 Operator: Good day, ladies and gentlemen, and welcome to the Suncor Energy Third Quarter 2018 Financial Results Conference Call. (Operator Instructions) I would now like to introduce your host for today's conference, Mr. Trevor Bell, Vice President of Investor Relations. Sir, you may begin. Introduction Trevor Bell Vice President of Investor Relations, Suncor Energy Inc. Thank you, operator, and good morning. Welcome to Suncor Energy's Third Quarter Earnings Call. With me here in Calgary are Steve Williams, President and Chief Executive Officer; Mark Little, Chief Operating Officer; and Alister Cowan, Chief Financial Officer. Please note that today's comments contain forward-looking information. Actual results may differ materially from the expected results because of the various risk factors and assumptions that are described in our third quarter earnings release as well as in our current Annual Information Form, and both of those are available on SEDAR, EDGAR, and our website, suncor.com. Certain financial measures referred to in these comments are not prescribed by Canadian GAAP. For a description of these financial measures, please see our third quarter earnings release. Information on the impacts of foreign exchange, FIFO accounting and share-based compensation on our results can be found in our third quarter report to shareholders. Following formal remarks, we'll open the call to questions, first from members of the investment community, then if time permitting, to members of the media. Now I'll hand it over to Steve Williams for his comments.
    [Show full text]
  • Secure Fuels from Domestic Resources ______Profiles of Companies Engaged in Domestic Oil Shale and Tar Sands Resource and Technology Development
    5th Edition Secure Fuels from Domestic Resources ______________________________________________________________________________ Profiles of Companies Engaged in Domestic Oil Shale and Tar Sands Resource and Technology Development Prepared by INTEK, Inc. For the U.S. Department of Energy • Office of Petroleum Reserves Naval Petroleum and Oil Shale Reserves Fifth Edition: September 2011 Note to Readers Regarding the Revised Edition (September 2011) This report was originally prepared for the U.S. Department of Energy in June 2007. The report and its contents have since been revised and updated to reflect changes and progress that have occurred in the domestic oil shale and tar sands industries since the first release and to include profiles of additional companies engaged in oil shale and tar sands resource and technology development. Each of the companies profiled in the original report has been extended the opportunity to update its profile to reflect progress, current activities and future plans. Acknowledgements This report was prepared by INTEK, Inc. for the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Petroleum Reserves, Naval Petroleum and Oil Shale Reserves (DOE/NPOSR) as a part of the AOC Petroleum Support Services, LLC (AOC- PSS) Contract Number DE-FE0000175 (Task 30). Mr. Khosrow Biglarbigi of INTEK, Inc. served as the Project Manager. AOC-PSS and INTEK, Inc. wish to acknowledge the efforts of representatives of the companies that provided information, drafted revised or reviewed company profiles, or addressed technical issues associated with their companies, technologies, and project efforts. Special recognition is also due to those who directly performed the work on this report. Mr. Peter M. Crawford, Director at INTEK, Inc., served as the principal author of the report.
    [Show full text]
  • Bitumen Partial Upgrading 2018 Whitepaper
    Bitumen Partial Upgrading 2018 Whitepaper AM0401A Alberta Innovates Prepared By Bill Keesom, Jacobs Consultancy – Technical Lead John Gieseman, Jacobs Consultancy – Project Manager March 2018 Document Title Bitumen Partial Upgrading 2018 Whitepaper - AM0401A Study No: JC158400 Document Title: Bitumen Partial Upgrading 2018 Whitepaper - AM0401A Client Name: Alberta Innovates Date: March 2018 Study Manager: John Gieseman Approved by: Robert S. Brasier Jacobs Consultancy Inc. 525 W. Monroe, Suite 1600 Chicago, IL 60661 United States www.jacobsconsultancy.com [email protected] This study or report was prepared by Jacobs Consultancy Canada Inc., (“Jacobs”) for the sole benefit of ALBERTA INNOVATES. There are no third party beneficiaries intended, and none of Jacobs and its affiliates, Alberta Innovates or any of their respective officers, directors, partners, employees, agents shall have any liability whatsoever to third parties for any defect, deficiency, error, or omission in any statement contained in or any way related to the study or report or any related documents. Neither Jacobs nor any person acting on Jacobs’ behalf make any warranty, express or implies, or assumes any liability with respect to use or reliance on any information, technology, engineering or methods disclosed or discussed in the study or report. Any forecasts, estimates, projections, opinions or conclusions reached in the study or report are dependent upon numerous technical and economic conditions over which Jacobs has no control, and which are or may not occur. Reliance upon such opinions or conclusions by any person or entity is at the sole risk of the person relying thereon. The data, information and assumptions used to develop the report or study were obtained or derived from documents or information furnished by others.
    [Show full text]
  • U.S.-Canada Cross- Border Petroleum Trade
    U.S.-Canada Cross- Border Petroleum Trade: An Assessment of Energy Security and Economic Benefits March 2021 Submitted to: American Petroleum Institute 200 Massachusetts Ave NW Suite 1100, Washington, DC 20001 Submitted by: Kevin DeCorla-Souza ICF Resources L.L.C. 9300 Lee Hwy Fairfax, VA 22031 U.S.-Canada Cross-Border Petroleum Trade: An Assessment of Energy Security and Economic Benefits This report was commissioned by the American Petroleum Institute (API) 2 U.S.-Canada Cross-Border Petroleum Trade: An Assessment of Energy Security and Economic Benefits Table of Contents I. Executive Summary ...................................................................................................... 4 II. Introduction ................................................................................................................... 6 III. Overview of U.S.-Canada Petroleum Trade ................................................................. 7 U.S.-Canada Petroleum Trade Volumes Have Surged ........................................................... 7 Petroleum Is a Major Component of Total U.S.-Canada Bilateral Trade ................................. 8 IV. North American Oil Production and Refining Markets Integration ...........................10 U.S.-Canada Oil Trade Reduces North American Dependence on Overseas Crude Oil Imports ..................................................................................................................................10 Cross-Border Pipelines Facilitate U.S.-Canada Oil Market Integration...................................14
    [Show full text]
  • Energy East Pipeline Project
    WhenEnergy the pipeline East: spills... Previous ruptures along TransCanada’s Mainline – part of the planned Energy East pipeline project. Photos by the Transportation Safety Board of Canada. Cover photos Pipeline Investigation Report P09H0074 Top left: Aerial Photo of the Englehart Occurrence Site, from , Transportation Safety Board of Canada. Available at http://www.tsb. gc.ca/eng/rapports-reports/pipeline/2009/p09h0074/p09h0074.aspPipeline Investigation Report P11H0011 Top right: Downstream line-break section of Line 100-2, from , Transportation Safety Board of Canada. Available at http://www.tsb. gc.ca/eng/rapports-reports/pipeline/2011/p11h0011/p11h0011.aspPipeline Investigation Report P09H0083 Bottom: Aerial photo of the Marten River occurrence site, from , Transportation Safety Board of Canada. Available at http://www.tsb. gc.ca/eng/rapports-reports/pipeline/2009/p09h0083/p09h0083.aspEnergy East: When the pipeline spills... is published under the Creative Commons licence Attribution-NonCommercial- ShareAlike 4.0. Images used within this document remain copyrighted by their respective owners except where specifically indicated. Energy East: When the pipeline spills... TransCanada’s Energy East pipeline project would convertIt would an up be to the40-year-old largest oil natural pipeline gas inpipeline North to America, carry crude oil from Saskatchewan to Ontario, connecting it with new pipeline through Quebec and on to Saint John, New Brunswick. transporting 1.1 million barrelsif of oil every day. when where how much When it comes to pipelines, it is not a matter of a pipeline spills, it is a matter of , and it spills. NL AB SK MB Edmonton Hardisty Regina ON QC PE Winnipeg Thunder Bay Quebec City NB Montreal NS North Bay Saint John Ottawa Selective memory: TransCanada’s safety record.
    [Show full text]
  • Facts About Alberta's Oil Sands and Its Industry
    Facts about Alberta’s oil sands and its industry CONTENTS Oil Sands Discovery Centre Facts 1 Oil Sands Overview 3 Alberta’s Vast Resource The biggest known oil reserve in the world! 5 Geology Why does Alberta have oil sands? 7 Oil Sands 8 The Basics of Bitumen 10 Oil Sands Pioneers 12 Mighty Mining Machines 15 Cyrus the Bucketwheel Excavator 1303 20 Surface Mining Extraction 22 Upgrading 25 Pipelines 29 Environmental Protection 32 In situ Technology 36 Glossary 40 Oil Sands Projects in the Athabasca Oil Sands 44 Oil Sands Resources 48 OIL SANDS DISCOVERY CENTRE www.oilsandsdiscovery.com OIL SANDS DISCOVERY CENTRE FACTS Official Name Oil Sands Discovery Centre Vision Sharing the Oil Sands Experience Architects Wayne H. Wright Architects Ltd. Owner Government of Alberta Minister The Honourable Lindsay Blackett Minister of Culture and Community Spirit Location 7 hectares, at the corner of MacKenzie Boulevard and Highway 63 in Fort McMurray, Alberta Building Size Approximately 27,000 square feet, or 2,300 square metres Estimated Cost 9 million dollars Construction December 1983 – December 1984 Opening Date September 6, 1985 Updated Exhibit Gallery opened in September 2002 Facilities Dr. Karl A. Clark Exhibit Hall, administrative area, children’s activity/education centre, Robert Fitzsimmons Theatre, mini theatre, gift shop, meeting rooms, reference room, public washrooms, outdoor J. Howard Pew Industrial Equipment Garden, and Cyrus Bucketwheel Exhibit. Staffing Supervisor, Head of Marketing and Programs, Senior Interpreter, two full-time Interpreters, administrative support, receptionists/ cashiers, seasonal interpreters, and volunteers. Associated Projects Bitumount Historic Site Programs Oil Extraction demonstrations, Quest for Energy movie, Paydirt film, Historic Abasand Walking Tour (summer), special events, self-guided tours of the Exhibit Hall.
    [Show full text]